The China Seismic IntensityScale CSIS is a national standard in the People s Republic of China ref Effectively this only applies to mainland China . Hong Kong and Taiwan each use a different intensityscale. See Seismic scaleIntensity scales for more details. ref used to measure Seismic scaleIntensity scales seismic intensity . Similar to European Macroseismic Scale EMS 92 on which CSIS drew reference, seismic impacts are classified into 12 degrees of intensity, or liedu zh s t p li d , literally degrees of violence in Roman numerals from I for insensible to XII for landscape reshaping. The scale was initially formalized by the China Earthquake Administration CEA in 1980, therefore often referred to by its original title as China Seismic IntensityScale 1980 . It was later revised, and adopted as a national standard, or List of GB standards Guobiao , series GB T 17742 1999 by then National Quality and Technology Supervision Administration now http english.aqsiq.gov.cn General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of P.R.C. , AQSIQ in 1999. ref name GB T 17742 1999 cite web publisher General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine of P.R.C. author CHEN Dasheng, SHI Zhenliang, XU Zonghe, GAO Guangyi, NiAN Jiaquan, XIAO Chengye, FENG Yijun url http www.dccdnc.ac.cn html zcfg gfxwj2.jsp title China Seismic IntensityScale date 1999 04 26 accessdate 2008 09 12 language Chinese ref The standard ... history 08 06 30 1214800979031.html title Revision of China Seismic IntensityScale started date 1999 04 26 accessdate 2008 09 12 language Chinese ref Liedu Scale Unlike the Seismic scale Magnitude scales magnitude scales that objectively estimate the released seismic energy, liedu ... border 1 caption Table of Liedu ref name GB T 17742 1999 caption tr th rowspan 2 Liedu Intensity ... accessdate 2008 09 15 ref See also Seismic scale Seismic engineering Notes and references reflist ... more details
wwweprc.eri.u tokyo.ac.jp CSS shindo.html in Japanese ref JMA scale explanation The JMA Scale runs from 0 to 7, with 7 being the strongest. The Mercalliintensityscale is sometimes used together ...The Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensityscale is a seismic scale used in Japan and Taiwan to measure the intensity of earthquake s. It is measured in units of nihongo shindo seismic intensity, lit. degree of shaking . Unlike the moment magnitude scale formerly Richter scale , which measures the energy released by the earthquake, the Japan Meteorological Agency JMA scale describes the degree of shaking at a point on the Earth s surface, and is analogous to the Mercalliintensityscale . The intensity of an earthquake is not totally determined by its magnitude, and varies from place .... class wikitable Shindo scale ref http www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp eqchreng at2 3.htm JMA seismic intensity ... jma kishou know shindo shindokai.html JMA Seismic IntensityScale in both Japanese and English language. Seismic scales DEFAULTSORT Japan Meteorological Agency Seismic IntensityScale Category ... in Shizuoka . The JMA operates a network of 180 seismograph s and 627 seismic intensity meters ref http ... every day, although the vast majority are shindo scale 0 or less and detectable only using ... this scale was changed to a numerical system, assigning earthquakes levels 0 7. In 1908, the levels on this scale were given descriptions, and earthquakes were assigned levels based on their perceived effect on people. This scale was widely used during the Meiji period , and revised during the Sh wa ... , weak strong 6 and 7. The Shindo scale has been used in Japan from 1996 without change. ref ... on the ground acceleration, measured automatically with seismic intensity meters. There is no simple ... jma kishou know shindo keisoku.html Calculation method of seismic intensity Japanese ref sup , sup ref http www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp eq kyoshin kaisetsu comp.htm Seismic intensity and acceleration ... more details
ShouldBePNG Summary Information Description volcamo intensity according to francisco s scale Source I User Erianisbest Erianisbest User talk Erianisbest talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 2012 Author erian francisco other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant Orphan image Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
in 1931 as the Mercalli Wood Neumann MWN scale. It was later improved by Charles Richter , the father of the Richter magnitude scale . The scale is known today as the Modified Mercalliscale or Modified MercalliIntensityscale , and abbreviated MM or MMI . See Also List of Roman Catholic scientist ... death. Among his pupils was Giuseppe Moscati . He is best remembered today for his Mercalliscale for measuring earthquake s which is still used today. The Mercalliscale, unlike the more famous Richter magnitude scale Richter scale , doesn t measure the actual energy released by an earthquake but how ... Mercalli also witnessed the eruptions at the Aeolian Islands of Stromboli and Vulcano . It is his description of these two volcanic eruptions which is used by volcanologists the world over. The intensity scales proposed by MercalliMercalli was the author of two intensity scales. The first of these Mercalli, 1883 , was according to Davison 1921 a mere adaptation of the Rossi Forel scale . It has six degrees unlike the ten degrees of the Rossi Forel scale. Nowadays this scale is largely forgotten. Mercalli s second scaleMercalli, 1902 , has ten degrees unlike the 12 degrees that are wrongly and largely ... in the Rossi Forel scale. In 1904 the ten degree Mercalliscale was expanded to twelve degrees by Italian ... August Heinrich Sieberg and became known as the Mercalli Cancani Sieberg MCS scale. The Mercalli ...Unreferenced date December 2009 Giuseppe Mercalli May 21, 1850 March 19, 1914 was an Italy Italian Volcanology volcanologist . He is best remembered today for his Mercalliscale for measuring earthquake s which is still used today. Biography Born in Milan , Mercalli was ordained a Roman Catholic priest ... in sparsely populated areas, but ideal for comparing damage done by various tremors. The Mercalliscale, which has been widely used in earthquake engineering , gives a rating from I to XII, where ..., and objects are thrown into the air. In 1914 Mercalli burnt to death under suspicious circumstances ... more details
wiktionary intensityIntensity may refer to tocright In colloquial use Strength disambiguation Amplitude Level disambiguation Magnitude disambiguation In physical sciences Physics Intensity physics , power per unit area W m sup 2 sup Field strength of electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields V m, T, etc. Intensity heat transfer , radiant heat flux per unit area per unit solid angle W m sup 2 sup sr sup 1 sup Optics Radiant intensity , power per unit solid angle W sr Luminous intensity , luminous flux per unit solid angle lm sr or cd Irradiance , power per unit area W m sup 2 sup Astronomy Radiance , power per unit solid angle per unit projected source area W sr sup 1 sup m sup 2 sup Seismology Mercalliintensityscale , a measure of earthquake impact Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensityscale , a measure of earthquake impact Peak ground acceleration , a measure of earthquake acceleration g or m s sup 2 sup Acoustics Sound intensity , sound power per unit area Other uses Value intensity in philosophy and ethics In video luminous emittance , the luminous flux per unit area lm m sup 2 sup or lux Energy intensity , an economic measure of energy consumed per unit of GDP J , etc. Carbon intensity , any of several measures of release of carbon into the environment Floor area ratio , the ratio of the total floor area of buildings on a certain location to the size of the land of that location, or the zoning limit imposed on such a ratio Exercise intensity , a measure of how much work is done during exercise of max heart rate Intensity novel Intensity novel , a 1995 novel by Dean Koontz Intensity film Intensity film , a 1997 made for TV movie based on the novel Intensity album Intensity album , a 1960 jazz album by saxophonist Art Pepper Intensity , an album by The Bambi Molesters See also Brightness disambiguation ar ca Intensitat cs Intenzita el fr Intensit gl Intensidade id Intensitas it Intensity pt Intensidade sk Intenzita ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2011 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Intensity Type studio Artist The Bambi Molesters Cover Bambi Molesters Intensity .jpg Released 1999 Recorded December 1998 Genre Surf rock , instrumental rock Length Label Dancing Bear Producer Bojan Kotzmuth and the Bambi Molesters Reviews Last album Dumb Loud Hollow Twang album Dumb Loud Hollow Twang br 1997 This album Intensity br 1999 Next album Sonic Bullets 13 From The Hip album Sonic Bullets 13 From The Hip br 2001 Track listing Track listing all writing D. Pavi i D. Tomljanovi except where noted writing credits yes title1 Intensity writer1 length1 3 44 title2 The Wedge writer2 Dick Dale length2 2 40 title3 Central Coast Swing writer3 length3 3 00 title4 C Alpha E writer4 length4 2 23 title5 Bikini Machines writer5 length5 2 01 title6 Tempted writer6 length6 3 16 title7 Napuljska Gitara writer7 traditional length7 2 19 title8 Avalanche writer8 length8 3 00 title9 Golden Spike writer9 length9 3 12 title10 High Wall writer10 The Wailers length10 3 11 title11 Chase writer11 length11 2 43 title12 Invasion Of The Reverb Snatchers writer12 length12 3 30 title13 Sweet Spot writer13 length13 3 08 title14 Latinia writer14 Nunes Hilder length14 6 35 Personnel Dalibor Pavicic musician Dalibor Pavi i Guitar Dinko Tomljanovic musician Dinko Tomljanovi Guitar Lada Furlan Zaborac musician Lada Furlan Zaborac Bass Hrvoje Zaborac musician Hrvoje Zaborac Drums The Bambi Molesters Category 1999 albums Category The Bambi Molesters albums ... more details
Richter scale Energy Richter MercalliintensityscaleIntensityMercalli Temperature Celsius scale ...wiktionarypar scaleScale can refer to the following Length Architect s scale , a ruler like device which facilitates the production of technical drawings Engineer s scale , a ruler like device similar to the Architect s scale, they are helpful when drawing rooms Linear encoder , a kind of linear scale used in precision manufacturing for positioning Linear scale , a means of showing the scale of a map, chart, or drawing Vernier scale , a scale that allows for higher precision than a uniformly divided straight or circular measurement scale Locations Scales, South Lakeland , a village in Cumbria ... Scales Scales family Mathematics Scale descriptive set theory , an object defined on a set of points for example real numbers and used for a wide variety of applications Scale parameter , a description ... scale . Music Musical scale , a sequence of ordered musical notes Scale string instruments , the sounding length of the strings of an instrument Scale album Scale album , an album by electronic artist Matthew Herbert The Scale , a song by Interpol from Our Love to Admire People Scales surname Physics Weighing scale , an instrument used to determine the weight or mass of an object Ratio Scale model Rail transport modelling scales model railroading Representation systems Scale, a linear or curved ... meters, etc. Duration philosophy Duration scale , an ordering of time intervals from shortest ... s capacity to adapt to changes in size and complexity Scale factor , a number which scales, or multiplies, some quantity Scale factor Universe , a function of time which represents the expansion of the universe Scale map Scale parameter , a numerical parameter in statistics Scale ratio Scale social sciences Scale spatial , an informal system of general size categorizations Scaling geometry Economies of scale Structures flat Scale zoology , a rigid plate which grows out of the skin of some animals ... more details
About the term energy intensity as used in economics the physics concept of joules per square metre fluence Image Energy Intensity.png thumb right 350px Energy Intensity of different economies The graph ... international iealf tablee1p.xls Energy Information Administration Energy intensity is a Measurement ... into GDP. Low energy intensity indicates a lower price or cost of converting energy into GDP. Energy Intensity as defined here is not to be confused with Energy Use Intensity EUI , a measure of building energy use per unit area. For Energy Use Intensity, see the definition on the http www.energystar.gov ... s overall energy intensity. It may reflect requirements for general standards of living and weather ... and thereby be impacted in its energy intensity than one with a lower standard of living. Energy efficiency ... may all impact overall energy intensity of a nation. Thus, a nation that is highly economically ... a far lower energy intensity than a nation that is economically unproductive, with extreme weather ... through major energy industries. Therefore some small scale but frequent consumption of energy ... an Energy Intensity of 8,553 Btus 9 MJ consumed to produce a single dollar of GDP about 9,023 kJ .... Its annual energy consumption was only 0.61 quads, making its Energy Intensity a mere 2,113 kJ a quarter ... Intensity of 20,676 kJ more than twice the US value , largely due to harsh climatic conditions ... Energy Intensity of 122.8 tons of oil equivalent makes it the most energy efficient country in the G8 ... s consumed with an energy intensity of 8,553 produced 116.92 of GDP for the US. Whereas, each million Btus of energy consumed in Bangladesh with an Energy Intensity of 2,113 produced 473 of GDP, or over ... Btu based on an energy intensity of 20,676. Thus, Bangladesh could be perceived as having nearly ... 40 national economies. Energy intensity can be used as a comparative measure between countries ... as its energy elasticity . See also Portal Energy List of countries by energy intensity Over ... more details
Refimprove auto yes date December 2009 See also Intensity disambiguation Do NOT redirect this page to Intensity . Radiant intensity is a different quantity, with different units In radiometry , radiant intensity is a measure of the intensity DO NOT LINK general use of term of electromagnetic radiation . It is defined as power physics power per unit solid angle . The SI unit of radiant intensity is watt s per steradian W sr sup 1 sup . Radiant intensity is distinct from irradiance and radiant exitance , which are often called intensity physics intensity in branches of physics other than radiometry. SI radiometry units See also Candela Luminous intensity References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Radiant Intensity Category Radiometry Category Physical quantities Optics stub ar de Strahlungsintensit t ja pl Nat enie promieniowania ... more details
Stress intensity can refer to Stress intensity factor in fracture mechanics Tresca effective stress after Henri Tresca in material yielding disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Expert subject Economics date January 2008 In economics , Research and Development intensity or simply, R&D intensity , is the ratio of a company s investment in Research and Development compared to the firm s sales . ref cite web url http economics.about.com od economicsglossary g randin.htm title About.com R&D Intensity accessdate 2007 12 30 ref R&D Intensity at aggregate level is the ratio of GERD Gross Expeditures on R&D and GVA Gross Value Added , which equals the weighted average of all firms in the economy R&D Intensity at not aggregate level. References reflist Category Research and development econ stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Intensity stereo or Intensity stereophony is the technique used by a stereo sound image that is produced only by Stereophonic sound X Y technique intensity stereophony level differences in between the left and right loudspeaker s, rather than Stereophonic sound A B technique time of arrival stereophony arrival time differences . Also known as a set up of two microphones from across from each other like X,Y intercept so you could pick up good sound creating phantom image. See also Stereophonic sound DEFAULTSORT Intensity Stereo Category Stereophonic sound Sound tech stub de Intensit tsstereofonie ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Labor intensity is the relative proportion of Labour economics labor compared to Capital economics capital used in a process. Its inverse is capital intensity . DEFAULTSORT Labor Intensity Category Labor Econ stub kk ru uk zh ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 An intensity interferometer is the name given to devices that use the Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect . In astronomy , the most common use of such an astronomical interferometer is to determine the apparent angular diameter of a radio source or star. If the distance to the object can then be determined by parallax or some other method, the physical diameter of the star can then be inferred. An example of an optical intensity interferometer is the Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer . In quantum optics , some devices which take advantage of correlation and anti correlation effects in beams of photons might be said to be intensity interferometers, although the term is usually reserved for observatories . An intensity interferometer is built from two light detectors, typically either Antenna radio radio antenna or optical telescopes with photomultiplier tubes PMTs , separated by some distance, called the baseline. Both detectors are pointed at the same astronomical source, and intensity measurements are then transmitted to a central correlator facility. A major advantage of intensity interferometers is that only the measured intensity observed by each detector must be sent to the central correlator facility, rather than the amplitude and phase of the signal. The intensity interferometer measures interferometric visibilities like all other astronomical interferometers. These measurements can be used to calculate the diameter and limb darkening coefficients of stars, but with intensity interferometers aperture synthesis images cannot be produced as the visibility phase information is not preserved by an intensity interferometer. Category Telescopes Category Interferometric telescopes Category Quantum optics de Intensit tsinterferometer it Interferometro a intensit nds Intensit tsinterferometer ... more details
Merge Intensity physics date April 2011 In electromagnetism , radiation intensity describes the power density that an Antenna radio antenna creates in a particular solid angle . A solid angle is a section of the surface of the imaginary sphere around the antenna. Given an antenna s power density math P math , radiation density is calculated by multiplying it with the square of the distance math r 2 math from the antenna to the designated solid angle math U P cdot r 2 math This is so because unlike power density, radiation intensity does not depend on distance because radiation intensity is defined as the power through a solid angle, the decreasing power density over distance i.e. over math r 2 math of the imaginary sphere around the antenna due to the inverse square law is offset by the increasing area of the solid angle due to the same law. Therefore, power density can be converted to radiation intensity by multiplying it with math r 2 math . The radiation intensity can as well characterize X ray tube with filtration. X ray tube output is defined for this purpose. External links http www.ndt ed.org EducationResources CommunityCollege RadiationSafety theory activity.htm Radiation Activity and Intensity NDE NDT Resource Center Category Antennas radio Category Radio terminology ... more details
Advert date April 2010 Infobox Mobile phone name Samsung SCH U450 image Samsung intensity SCH U450.jpg caption SCH U450 in Charcoal Black imagesize 200px slogan manufacturer Samsung carrier Verizon Wireless Alltel available September 16, 2009 screen 2.1 inch ref http reviews.cnet.com cell phones samsung intensity sch u450 4507 6454 7 33770737.html?tag mncolBtm rnav Samsung Intensity SCH U450 charcoal gray Verizon Wireless ref ext screen camera 1.3 megapixel ref name Veriz http www.verizonwireless.com b2c store controller?item phoneFirst&action viewPhoneDetail&selectedPhoneId 4986 Samsung Intensity ref os Brew 3.1.5.145 Sp01 input QWERTY keyboard numerical ref name Arena cpu ringtone memory 31 MB internal 16 GB external via SDHC ref name Veriz memory card microSD microSDHC ref name Veriz storage networks CDMA Dual band connectivity Bluetooth 2.1 battery 960 mAh Li ion size 4.25 in 2.08 in 0.65 in ref name Veriz weight convert 3.53 oz form side slider texting music Advanced Audio Coding AAC , MP3 , WAV , Windows Media Audio WMA , AAC series predecessor successor SCH U460 Samsung Intensity II related other status hac The Samsung SCH U450 is a side slider text messaging mobile phone . It was released September 16, 2009 to Verizon Wireless as the Intensity and on Alltel as the DoubleTake . The phone comes in two colors black and red . There is also a newer model of this phone named the Samsung Intensity 2 SCH U460 . This phone has the same basic pictures but with a different look and a higher ... htmls Samsung Intensity phone p 3818.html Samsung Intensity ref It does not have a video camera. The phone ... Samsung Intensity U450 Review review r 2268.html Samsung Intensity U450 Review ref The phone also ... index.idx?pagetype prd detail Official Page http www.phonearena.com htmls Samsung Intensity U450 Review review r 2268.html Samsung Intensity U450 Review Phone Arena http reviews.cnet.com cell phones samsung intensity sch u450 4505 6454 7 33770737.html Samsung Intensity Review CNET Samsung phones DEFAULTSORT ... more details
other uses Intensity disambiguation In physics , intensity is a Measurement measure of the energy flux , time averaging averaged over the Periodic function period of the wave. The word intensity here is not synonymous ... is in colloquial speech. For example, the intensity of pressure is meaningless, since the parameters of those variables do not match. To find the intensity, take the energy density that is, the energy ... to define the intensity of the water coming from a garden sprinkler, but intensity is used most ... energy in three dimensions and there is no energy lost to the medium, then the intensity decreases ... must be constant, thus math P int I , cdot dA math where P is the net power radiated, I is the intensity ... the source. That P is a constant. If we integrate over a surface of uniform intensity I , for instance ... I is the intensity at the surface of the sphere, and r is the radius of the sphere. math A surf 4 pi ... A surf frac P 4 pi r 2 math If the medium is damped, then the intensity drops off more quickly than the above equation suggests. Anything that can carry energy can have an intensity associated with it. For an electromagnetic ... n 2 epsilon 0 2 E 2 math , and the intensity is obtained by multiplying this expression by the velocity ... wave . In these cases, the intensity can be defined as the magnitude of the Poynting vector . ref cite web work Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology title Optical Intensity url http ... Alternative definitions of intensity In photometry optics photometry and radiometry intensity has ... in optics , where intensity can mean any of radiant intensity , luminous intensity or irradiance , depending on the background of the person using the term. Radiance is also sometimes called intensity , especially by astronomers and astrophysicists, and in heat transfer . See also Sound intensity ... references DEFAULTSORT Intensity Physics Category Optics Category Radiometry Category Physical quantities ... pt Intensidade f sica ru simple Intensity physics sv Intensitet ... more details
In telecommunication networks, traffic intensity is a measure of the average occupancy of a server or resource during a specified period of time , normally a busy hour .It is measured in traffic units erlangs and defined as the ratio of the time during which a facility is cumulatively occupied to the time this facility is available for occupancy. In a digital network, the traffic intensity is math frac a L R math where a is the average arrival rate of packets e.g. packets sec L is the average packet length e.g. in bits , and R is the transmission rate e.g. bits sec A traffic intensity greater than one erlang unit erlang means that the rate at which bits arrive exceeds the rate bits can be transmitted and queuing delay will grow without bound if the traffic intensity stays the same . If the traffic intensity is less than one erlang, then the router can handle more average traffic. Telecommunication operators are vitally interested in traffic intensity, as it dictates the amount of equipment they must supply. References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications terms de Verkehrswert Nachrichtentechnik es Intensidad de tr fico it Intensit di traffico nl Intensiteit verkeerskunde ... more details
Several measures of light are commonly known as intensity . These are obtained by dividing either a power physics power or a luminous flux by a solid angle , a planar area , or a combination of the two. The relationships are summarised in the table below border 1 Radiometric Photometric Angular Radiant intensity , measured in watt s per steradian W sr Luminous intensity , measured in lumen unit lumens per steradian lm sr , or candela cd Areal Irradiance , measured in watts per square meter W m sup 2 sup , called intensity physics intensity in most branches of physics Several quantities measured in lumens per square meter lm m sup 2 sup , or lux lx Illuminance is for light incident on a surface Luminous emittance or luminous exitance is for light emitted from a source Both Radiance , commonly called intensity in astronomy and astrophysics W sr sup 1 sup m sup 2 sup Luminance lm sr sup 1 sup m sup 2 sup , or cd m sup 2 sup See also Brightness , the subjective perception elicited by the luminance of a source Photometry optics Photometry astronomy Radiometry Category Photometry Category Radiometry ... more details
merge Sound energy flux date November 2011 Unreferenced date October 2008 Sound measurements Sound intensity or acoustic intensity I is defined as the sound power P sub ac sub per unit area A . The usual context is the noise measurement of sound intensity physics intensity in the air at a listener s location. Acoustic intensity The intensity is the product of the sound pressure and the particle velocity ... have a direction as well as a magnitude. The direction of the intensity is the average direction ... velocity v t the average acoustic intensity during time T is given by math I frac 1 T int 0 T p mathrm inst t v t ,dt math The SI units of intensity are W m sup 2 sup watt s per square metre . For a plane ... a Metre m second s particle acceleration I Watt W m sound intensity E Watt W second s Metre m sound ... For a spherical sound source, the intensity in the radial direction as a function of distance r ... case is the sound power and A the surface area of a sphere of radius r . Thus the sound intensity ... 1 dfrac r 1 2 r 2 2 , math math I 1 , math sound intensity at close distance math r 1 , math br math I 2 , math sound intensity at far distance math r 2 , math Hence math p propto dfrac 1 r , math where p lower case is the Root mean square RMS sound pressure acoustic pressure . Sound intensity level Sound intensity level or acoustic intensity level is a logarithm ic measure of the sound intensity ... and I sub 0 sub are the intensities. The sound intensity level is given the letter L sub I sub and is measured ... sound intensity math I 0 10 12 , mathrm W m 2 , math W watt , then instead of dB SPL we use dB SIL . SIL sound intensity level . Note 1 note note The term intensity is used exclusively for the measurement ... intensity, one can use Magnitude mathematics magnitude wikt strength strength , amplitude , or level instead. Sound intensity is not the same physical quantity as sound pressure . Hearing is directly ... to sound intensity . In consumer audio electronics, the level differences are called intensity differences ... more details
See also Light intensity In Photometry optics photometry , luminous intensity is a measure of the wavelength weighted Power physics power emitted by a light source in a particular direction per unit solid ... eye . The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela cd , an SI base unit . Photometry deals ... yellow light at 555 nm. Light with the same radiant intensity at other wavelengths has a lower luminous intensity. The curve which measures the response of the human eye to light is a defined standard ... by a factor of ten. Luminous intensity should not be confused with another photometric unit, luminous flux , which is the total perceived power emitted in all directions. Luminous intensity is the perceived power per unit solid angle . Luminous intensity is also not the same as the radiant intensity ... of a physical process that will produce one candela of luminous intensity. By definition ... THz, and that has a radiant intensity of 1 683 watt s per steradian in a given direction, that light ... candela of luminous intensity. Prior to the definition of the candela, variety of units for luminous intensity were used in various countries. These were typically based on the brightness of the flame ... February 2009 ref In 1881, Jules Violle proposed the Violle as a unit of luminous intensity, and it was notable as the first unit of light intensity that did not depend on the properties of a particular lamp. All of these units were superseded by the definition of the candela. Usage The luminous intensity ... overline y lambda cdot I mathrm e , math where I sub v sub is the luminous intensity in candelas cd , I sub e sub is the radiant intensity in watts per steradian W sr , math textstyle overline ... present to get the luminous intensity TBD Is integral from 0 to infinity really correct, or should ... lambda , d lambda. math See also Radiance Brightness Intensity References references SI light units Use dmy dates date September 2010 Category DEFAULTSORT Luminous Intensity Category Physical quantities ... more details
Exercise intensity refers to how much work is being done when exercise exercising . The intensity has an effect on what fuel the body uses and what kind of adaptations the body makes after exercise i.e., the training effect . Intensity is the amount of physical power, expressed as a percentage of maximum, the body uses in performing an activity. For example, it defines how hard the body has to work to walk a mile in 20 minutes. ref The President s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports Publications. n.d. . President s Council on Fitness, Sports & Nutrition . Retrieved April 5, 2011, from http www.fitness.gov fitness.htm ref Fuel used The body uses different amounts of fuels carbohydrate or fat depending on the intensity and heart rate exercise heart rate . The Heart Rate column below is an estimate for a 20 year old with a heart rate Max Heart Rate MHR of 200. class wikitable style text align center Intensity MHR Heart Rate bpm Carbohydrate Fat 65 70 130 140 40 60 70 75 140 150 50 50 75 80 150 160 65 35 80 85 160 170 80 20 85 90 170 180 90 10 90 95 180 190 95 5 100 190 200 100 Training Effect The effect achieved by exercise is affected by the intensity. The intensity and amount of activity needed to achieve many health related and fitness benefits are less than for someone who has a higher level of activity and fitness Clarify date September 2011 . Because the exercise capacity of adults tends to decrease as they age, older adults generally have lower exercise capacities than younger persons. Thus, they need a physical activity plan that is of lower absolute intensity and amount ... ref Low Intensity up to 80 MHR This has the effect of improving general fitness and improves ... is accomplished by increasing the number of capillaries in the muscle. Medium Intensity 80 85 MHR This intensity ... at a higher intensity while still working aerobic exercise aerobically . High Intensity 85 90 MHR The heart is a muscle and can be trained to become stronger and more efficient. This intensity of exercise ... more details
Resource intensity is a measure of the resource s e.g. water , energy , materials needed for the production, processing and disposal of a unit of good economics good or service economics service , or for the completion of a process or activity it is therefore a measure of the Efficient energy use efficiency of resource use. It is often expressed as the quantity of resource embodied in unit cost e.g. litres of water per 1 spent on product. In national economic and sustainability accounting it can be calculated as units of resource expended per unit of GDP . When applied to a single person it is expressed as the resource use of that person per unit of consumption.Relatively high resource intensities indicate a high price or environmental cost of converting resource into GDP low resource intensity indicates a lower price or environmental cost of converting resource into GDP. ref Lorentzen, J. ed 2008. Resource intensity, knowledge and development insights from Africa and South America. HSRC Press, South Africa. ISBN 100 7969 2213 6 ISBN 13978 07969 2213 7 ref Resource productivity and resource intensity are key concepts used in sustainability measurement as they measure attempts to decouple the connection between resource use and environmental degradation . Their strength is that they can be used as a metric for both economic and environmental cost. Although these concepts are two sides of the same coin, in practice they involve very different approaches and can be viewed as reflecting, on the one hand, the efficiency of resource production as outcome per unit of resource use resource productivity and, on the other hand, the efficiency of resource consumption as resource use per unit outcome resource intensity . The sustainability objective is to maximize resource productivity while minimizing resource intensity. See also col begin col 3 Bioeconomics Econophysics Energy and Environment Energy intensity Environmental economics Energy Accounting col 3 Ecodynamics Ecological ... more details
Intensity of preference is a term popularized by the work of the economist Kenneth Arrow , who was a co recipient of the Nobel Prize in Economics Laureates 1972 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics . This term is used in reference to models for aggregating ordinal rankings. This term is used in economics , politics , marketing , management science and other areas in which methods to derive the consensus ranking are developed. ref Cook, Wade D. and Moshe Kress, http www.jstor.org pss 2631671 Ordinal Ranking with Intensity of Preference, Management Science US , Vol. 31, No. 1 Jan., 1985 , pp. 26 32. ref In an analysis of voting, for example, the intensity of preference is a measure of an individual voter s or group of voters willingness to incur the costs or inconvenience of the act of officially registering a preferential choice at the time and place required, not the vote itself. ref Arrow, Kenneth J. 1963 . Google books Lo2uCECV 8C Social Choice and Individual Values, p. 114. page 114 ref Social choices The intensity of preference can be a factor in aggregating individual choices into social choices. ref name tulane Tulane University http www.tulane.edu dnelson COURSES IntroPE arrow.pdf Proof of Arrow s Impossibility Theorem, citing J. Kelly, Social Choice Theory An Introduction ref Independence of irrelevant alternatives ... does not rule out intensity of preference in making social choices. 1 It is part of our definition of a social choice rule function that the choices are based only on the information in a profile of ordinal preference relations. 2 These preference relations do not contain any intensity information that could be used by social choice rules, whether or not they violate the independence axiom. ref name tulane See also Arrow s impossibility theorem Storable ... links http web.mit.edu hauser www Papers HauserShuganIntensityOR80.pdf Intensity Measures of Consumer Preferences DEFAULTSORT Intensity of preference Category Economics theorems Category Voting theory ... more details
expert subject Linguistics date August 2008 Most investigators accept the definition of language intensity ... deviates from neutrality. Intensity as a lexical variable in communication studies has generated extensive ..., 1980 asserts causal relationships among intensity and a number of other psychological, social, and communication ... the relationships proposed by the theory at least in the limited domain of persuasion. Intensity ... Anderson, P.A. & Blackburn, T.R. 2004 . An experimental study of language intensity and response rate in email surveys. Communication Reports , 17, 73 84. Badzinski, D.M. 1989 . Message intensity ... , 3, 447 60. Bowers, J.W. 1963 . Language intensity, social introversion, and attitude change. Speech Monographs , 30, 345 52. Bowers, J.W. 1964 . Some correlates of language intensity. Quarterly ... research Intensity, immediacy, and diversity. Human Communication Research , 5, 257 69. Bradac, J.J. Bowers, J.W. & Courtright, J.A. 1980 . Lexical variations in intensity, immediacy, and diversity ... & Tardy, C.H. 1978 . Reciprocal disclosures and language intensity Attributional consequences. Communication ..., A. 2000 . Using language intensity to increase the success of family intervention to protect children ... intensity. Human Communication Research , 1, 240 56. Burgoon, M. & Miller, G.R. 1971 . Prior attitudes and language intensity as predictors of message style and attitude change following counterattitudinal ..., G.L. 1965 . Frustration and language intensity. Speech Monographs , 32, 107 11. Daly, J.A. & Miller, M.D. 1975 . Apprehension of writing as a predictor of message intensity. Journal of Psychology .... Speech Monographs , 36, 103 9. Greenberg, B.S. 1976 . The effects of language intensity modifications ... of an axiomatic model of the relationship between language intensity and persuasion. Journal of Language .... McEwen, W.J. & Greenberg, B.S. 1970 . Effects of message intensity on receiver evaluation of source ... . Opinionated statements and attitude intensity as predictors of attitude change and source credibility ... more details
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