SignSymptom infobox Name Menorrhagia Image Caption DiseasesDB 22575 ICD10 ICD10 N 92 0 n 80 ICD9 Premenopausal menorrhagia ICD9 627.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1449 MeshID D008595 Menorrhagia is an abnormally heavy and prolonged menstruation menstrual period at regular intervals ... 25 and 80 mL. A blood loss of greater than 80 ml or lasting longer than 7 days constitutes menorrhagia also called hypermenorrhea . Some authors use menorrhagia exclusively when describing excessive ... setting . In practice this is not usually directly measured by patients or doctors. Menorrhagia ..., but blood flow may continue more than seven days thus constituting menorrhagia. An OB GYN should ... bleeding, rather than the cyclical pattern of menorrhagia. Bleeding in between periods intermenstrual ... from female genital tract, other ICD9 626.8 Premenopausal menorrhagia ICD9 627.0 Postmenopausal bleeding ... 7 313 7057 579 82. Treatment of menorrhagia during menstruation randomised controlled trial of ethamsylate ... reduction in flow. A definitive treatment for menorrhagia is to perform hysterectomy removal of the uterus ... heat thermoablation . In the United Kingdom UK the use of hysterectomy for menorrhagia has been almost ... and curettage D&C is no longer performed for cases of simple menorrhagia, having a reserved role ... http www.guidelines.gov summary summary.aspx?doc id 9579&nbr 005109&string menorrhagia Abnormal vaginal bleeding National Guideline Clearinghouse http www.health.am gyneco more menorrhagiaMenorrhagia ... pagings. NGC 004390 http www.rbdd.org menorrhagia index.htm Working group on inherited bleeding ... symptoms Adenomyosis Information from MayoClinic.com http www.wrbd.org Working group on menorrhagiaMenorrhagia and other gynaecological problems in women affected by bleeding disorders Footnotes ... Reid P, Mukri F title Trends in number of hysterectomies performed in England for menorrhagia ... and costs with the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system or hysterectomy for treatment of menorrhagia ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Menometrorrhagia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 N 92 1 n 80 ICD9 ICD9 626.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Menometrorrhagia is a condition in which prolonged or excessive uterus uterine bleeding occurs irregularly and more frequently than normal. Causes It can occur due to any of several causes, including hormonal imbalance, endometriosis , uterine fibroids , or cancer. It can lead to anemia in long standing cases. Treatment Treatment depends on the cause. In cases where malignancy is ruled out, hormone supplementation or the therapeutic use of hormonal contraception is usually recommended to induce bleeding on a regular schedule. Types Two variations of the condition are menorrhagia and metrorrhagia . Diseases of the pelvis, genitals and breasts Menstrual cycle Category Menstrual disorders hr Menometroragija ... more details
italictitle taxobox image image caption image width regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Flowering plant Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Acanthaceae genus Ecbolium species E. linneanum binomial Ecbolium linneanum binomial authority Wilhelm Sulpiz Kurz Kurz synonyms Justicia ecbolia Ecbolium linneanum Common name Blue Fox Tail, Blue Justicia Hindi udajati Marathi dhakta adulsa, Ranaboli. Ekboli Sanskrit nila sahacharah ref Flowers of india http www.flowersofindia.net catalog slides Blue 20Fox 20Tail.html ref is a shrub, endemic to India . The roots of this plant are used in jaundice and menorrhagia. ref medicinal uses http www.archive.org stream pharmacographia03dymogoog page n66 mode 1up search jaundice pharmacographica indica ref References Reflist Category Acanthaceae Acanthaceae stub ... more details
Orphan date May 2011 Post ablation tubal sterilization syndrome PATSS is a rare Complication medicine complication that could occur in patients with prior tubal sterilization following an endometrial ablation procedure. Occult bleeding into the obstructed tubes causes tubal distention and cyclic pelvic pain . We present the first case of PATSS following Radiofrequency ablation radiofrequency electricity endometrial ablation . Endometrial ablation devices are used for the treatment of menorrhagia due to dysfunctional uterine bleeding . As the popularity of safer, effective, and less invasive procedures increase, the obstetrics and gynecology community will likely see more uncommon adverse event s. This is the first documented case of PATSS after use of radiofrequency electricity endometrial ablation. Post ablation Tubal Sterilization Syndrome following Radiofrequency Electricity Endometrial Ablation Teresa Tam, MD, Kelly Jirschele, DO, Emily Lombard, DO Resurrection Health Care Saint Joseph Hospital http www.obgyn.net hysteroscopy hysteroscopy.asp?page hysteroscopy articles PATSS&... PATSS Category Sterilization ... more details
discharge main Hypomenorrhea Menometrorrhagia Menorrhagia Hypomenorrhea is abnormally light menstrual periods. Menorrhagia meno prolonged, rrhagia excessive flow discharge is an abnormally heavy and prolonged ... more details
indications, namely in the management of menorrhagia , fibrocystic breast disease , immune thrombocytopenic ... a standard treatment for menorrhagia , danazol has resulted in significant relief in young women with menorrhagia in a study, and, because of a lack of significant adverse effects, it was proposed ... danazol treatment in women with menorrhagia during fertile age. PMID 18930222 ref Side effects Androgenic ... more details
cleanup date November 2009 The Spa of Embarrassing Illnesses is a ten part television series presented and co produced by nutritionist Amanda Hamilton . The show revolves around a group of eight people trying to conquer their embarrassing and intimate health conditions. Amanda Hamilton and her team of specialists try to turn around the patients lives through a two week of alternative medicine treatment.The spa programme includes detox ,nutrition therapy, counseling , reflexology , yoga , massage , hypnosis and EFT . The specialists believe in the importance of both physical and spiritual aspects of an ailment, dealing with the root causes of the patients illnesses. Therapists Amanda Hamilton Nutritionist Midi Fairgrieve Nutritionist Sandy Newbigging Mind Detox Therapist Yair Sagy Acupuncturist , Yoga Teacher , Shiatsu and Massage Therapist Ziza Fernandes Sagy Reflexologist Three series have been aired on television so far. Series 1 takes place in an Andalusia n mountains spa from Spain . Series 2 is set in the mountains of Turkey . Series 3 takes place in the French Alps . List of the most frequently dealt with ailments at the Spa of Embarrassing Illnesses Compulsive overeating Constipation Eczema Hyperhidrosis Irritable bowel syndrome Menorrhagia Psoriasis Alopecia Interstitial cystitis Vaginismus References http uktv.co.uk really homepage sid 7328 http www.terntv.co.uk Media Centre the spa of embarrassing illnesses ?from 130 http www.sandynewbigging.com retreats detox.htm http www.thesun.co.uk sol homepage woman real life 30956 Farting ruined my sex life.html http www.detox international.com Meet the Team.html DEFAULTSORT Spa Of Embarrassing Illnesses, The Category British television programmes ... more details
Onyalai is a form of thrombocytopenia that affects some of the population in areas of central Africa . ref name Onyalai cite web url http www.itg.be evde 45 Haematologyp6.htm title Onyalai work accessdate ref Onyalai exhibits similarities to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ITP but differs in pathogenesis . The affected age range is from less than a year to 70 years and seems to not be gender specific in the same manner as ITP. Cases generally peak between 11 and 20 years old. Although the cause of onyalai is not known at this time, inadequate nutrition and or the consumption of tainted food are suspected. ref name Onyalai Signs and symptoms Onyalai is an acute disease that results in the development of hematoma on oral mucous membranes . Hemorrhagic lesion s may develop on the skin, including on the soles of the feet. ref name Onyalai The patient does not initially appear to be in distress, which may result in a delay of diagnosis. As the disease progresses, hematuria and melena will develop. Epistaxis , petechiae and ecchymoses are common symptoms, as are subconjunctival bleeding and menorrhagia . On average, bleeding will persist for approximately eight days, and may reoccur. ref name Onyalai Approximately 80 percent of cases will exhibit chronic thrombocytopenia. Periodic episodes of acute hemorrhage are also possible and may be severe, possibly leading to shock circulatory shock and death . ref name Onyalai References reflist Category Coagulopathies circulatory stub Disease stub ... more details
Infobox symptom Name Vaginal bleeding ICD10 N92 N93, ICD10 N 93 8 n 80 ICD9 Vaginal bleeding refers to bleeding in females that is either a physiologic response during the non conceptional menstrual cycle or caused by hormonal or organic problems of the reproductive system . Vaginal bleeding may occur at any age, but always needs investigation when encountered in female children or postmenopausal women. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy may indicate a possible pregnancy complication that needs to be medically addressed. Blood loss per vaginam Latin through the vagina PV typically arises from the lining of the uterus endometrium , but may arise from uterus uterine or cervix cervical lesions, the vagina , and rarely from the Fallopian tube . During pregnancy it is usually but not always related to the pregnancy itself. Rarely, the blood may actually arise from the urinary tract hematuria , although the vast majority of women can identify the difference. It can also be a sign of vaginal cancer. Differential diagnosis Bleeding in Children Bleeding before the expected time of menarche could be a sign of precocious puberty . Other possible causes include the presence of a foreign body in the vagina, molestation , vaginal infection vaginitis , and rarely, a tumor. Premenopausal women Menstruation . Exceptionally heavy bleeding during periods is termed menorrhagia or hypermenorrhea , while light bleeding is called hypomenorrhea . If bleeding occurs between periods, this is not necessarily pathological, but it is termed intermenstrual bleeding . If no period can be identified due to the unpredictable bleeding, metrorrhagia is used. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a common cause of menorrhagia and irregular bleeding. It is due to a hormonal imbalance, and symptoms can be managed by use of hormonal contraception although hormonal contraception does not treat the underlying cause of the imbalance . If it is due to polycystic ovary syndrome , weight loss may help, and infertil ... more details
been used to shrink uterine fibroid s and to reduce menorrhagia ref cite journal last La Marca first ... title Benefits and risks of pharmacological agents used for the treatment of menorrhagia journal Drug ... more details
The anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle characterized by varying degrees of menstrual intervals and the absence of ovulation and a luteal phase . In the absence of ovulation, there will be infertility . Patterns While the normal menstrual cycle in the human typically lasts 4 weeks 28 days, range 21 35 days and consists of a follicular phase , ovulation , and a luteal phase , followed by either menstruation or pregnancy , the anovulatory cycle has cycle lengths of varying degrees. In many circumstances, menstrual intervals are prolonged exceeding 35 days leading to oligomenorrhea cycle 35 180 days interval , or even longer, amenorrhea . In other cases, menstruation may be fairly regular eumenorrhea , or more frequent intervals 21 days , or there may be a loss of menstrual pattern menorrhagia , dysfunctional uterine bleeding . Estrogen breakthrough bleeding Normal menstrual bleeding in the ovulatory cycle is a result of a decline in progesterone due to the demise of the corpus luteum . It is thus a progesterone withdrawal bleeding . As there is no progesterone in the anovulatory cycle, bleeding is caused by the inability of estrogen that needs to be present to stimulate the endometrium in the first place to support a growing endometrium. Anovulatory bleeding is hence termed estrogen breakthrough bleeding . Risks Anemia Bone density loss ref Park KH, Song CH. Bone mineral density in premenopausal anovulatory women. J Obstet Gynaecol , 1995 Feb 21 1 89 97. http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 8591116 ref Endometrial cancer Infertility Diagnosis A physician needs to investigate the cause of anovulation. Common causes are Polycystic ovary syndrome Hypothalamic dysfunction Perimenopause Ovulatory dysfunction Thyroid disorders Hyperprolactinemia With excessive or prolonged bleeding the diagnosis has to be made by a physician on a speedy basis. Other causes of gynecological bleeding need to be excluded, specifically bleeding related to pregnancy , leiomyoma , and cancer of th ... more details
Antifibrinolytics , such as aminocaproic acid aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid are used as inhibitors of fibrinolysis ref DorlandsDict one 000006033 antifibrinolytic ref . These lysine like drugs interfere with the formation of the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin from its precursor plasminogen by plasminogen activators primarily t PA and u PA which takes place mainly in lysine rich areas on the surface of fibrin. These drugs block the binding sites of the enzymes or plasminogen respectively and thus stop plasmin formation. They are used in menorrhagia and bleeding tendency due to various causes. Their application may be beneficial in patients with hyperfibrinolysis because they arrest bleeding rapidly if the other components of the haemostatic system are not severely affected. This may help to avoid the use of blood products such as fresh frozen plasma FFP with its associated risks of infections or anaphylactic reactions. In 2010, the CRASH 2 trial showed that the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid safely reduces mortality in bleeding trauma patients ref cite journal author The CRASH 2 Collaborators http download.thelancet.com flatcontentassets pdfs S0140673610608355.pdf Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage CRASH 2 a randomised, placebo controlled trial journal Lancet volume 376 issue 9734 pages 23 32 year 2010 pmid 20554319 doi 10.1016 S0140 6736 10 60835 5 ref . The antifibrinolytic drug aprotinin was abandoned after identification of major side effects, especially on kidney. The indication for use of antifibrinolytic drugs is made with various methods. The most rapid and suitable one is thromboelastometry TEM in whole blood, which is even possible in patients on heparin . With various assays, an enhanced fibrinolysis becomes visible in the curve signature TEMogram and from the calculated values, e.g. the maximum lysis parameter. A special test for the identifica ... more details
italictitle About a species of flowering plants called Medlar other uses Medlar disambiguation Medlar taxobox name Mimusops elengi image Maulsari Mimusops elengi trees in Kolkata W IMG 2848.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Ericales familia Sapotaceae genus Mimusops species M. elengi L. binomial Mimusops elengi L. File Maulsari Mimusops elengi ripe fruit in Kolkata W IMG 2833.jpg 190px thumb The ripe fruit has many traditional uses. Mimusops elengi is a medium sized evergreen tree found in tropical forests in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Northern Australia. English common names include Spanish cherry , ref name Hortus Bailey, L.H. Bailey, E.Z. the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada . Macmillan, New York. ref , Medlar ref name Hortus , and Bullet wood . Its timber is valuable, the fruit is edible, and it has traditional medicinal uses. Tree description File Maulsari Mimusops elengi in Hyderabad W IMG 7161.jpg 250px thumb left Flowers in Hyderabad, India . Bullet wood is an evergreen tree reaching a height of about 16 m. It flowers in April, and fruiting occurs in June. Leaves are glossy, dark green, oval shaped, 5 14 cm long and 2.5 6 cm wide. Flowers are cream, hairy and scented. Bark is thick and appears dark brownish black or grayish black in colour, with striations and a few cracks on the surface. The tree may reach up to a height of 9 18 m with about 1 m in circumference. Ayurvedic uses The bark, flowers, fruits and seeds are astringent , cooling, anthelmintic , tonic, and febrifuge . It is mainly used in dental ailments like bleeding gums, pyorrhea , dental caries and loose teeth. Extract of flowers used against heart diseases, leucorrhoea , menorrhagia and act as antiduretic in polyuria and antitoxin . The snuff made from the dried and powdered flowers used in a dis ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 N 93 8 n 80 ICD9 ICD9 626.8 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 795587 MeshID D008796 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding DUB is vaginal bleeding abnormal genital tract bleeding based in the uterus and found in the absence of demonstrable structural ref name pmid10384806 cite journal author Bravender T, Emans SJ title Menstrual disorders. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding journal Pediatr. Clin. North Am. volume 46 issue 3 pages 545 53, viii year 1999 month June pmid 10384806 doi url ref or organic pathology .usually due to hormonal disturbances. AGE extrmes of reproductive life i.e at puberty and menopause. Diagnosis must be made by exclusion, since organic pathology must first be ruled out. It can be classified as ovulatory or anovulatory , depending on whether ovulation is occurring or not. Some sources state that the term implies a hormonal mechanism. ref name urlDysfunctional Uterine Bleeding cite web url http www.sh.lsuhsc.edu fammed OutpatientManual DUB.htm title Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding work accessdate 2010 01 23 ref Ovulatory DUB 10 of cases occur in women who are ovulating, but progesterone secretion is prolonged because estrogen levels are low. This causes irregular shedding of the uterine lining and break through bleeding. Some evidence has associated Ovulatory DUB with more fragile blood vessels in the uterus. It may represent a possible endocrine dysfunction, resulting in menorrhagia or metrorrhagia . Mid cycle bleeding may indicate a transient estrogen decline, while late cycle bleeding may indicate progesterone deficiency. Anovulatory DUB About 90 of DUB events occur when ovulation is not occurring Anovulatory DUB . Anovulatory menstrual cycles are common at the extremes of reproductive age, such as early puberty and perimenopause period around menopause . In such cases, women do not properly develop and release a mature egg. When this happens ... more details
taxobox name Thunbergia laurifolia br Laurel clock vine image Thunbergia laurifolia3.jpg image caption Flowers of Thunbergia laurifolia regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Acanthaceae genus Thunbergia species T. laurifolia binomial Thunbergia laurifolia binomial authority John Lindley Lindl. Thunbergia laurifolia , Laurel clock vine or Blue trumpet vine , is native to India Starr et al. , 2003 and the Indomalaya ecozone , the species occurs from Indochina to Malaysia Schonenberger, 1999 . It is locally known as kar tuau in Malaysia and rang jeud in Thailand Chan & Lim, 2006 . Description Thunbergia laurifolia leaves are opposite, heart shaped with serrated leaf margin and taper to a pointed tip. Flowers are not scented and borne on pendulous inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flower is trumpet shaped with a short broad tube, white outside and yellowish inside. The corolla is pale blue in colour with 5 7 petals, one larger than the others. The plant flowers almost continuously throughout the year with flowers opening early in the morning and aborting in the evening of the same day. Carpenter bees are frequent visitors, creeping into the flowers for pollen and nectar while black ants are present probably as nectar scavengers. The plant develops a very tuberous root system NRM, 2003 . Uses Cultivation Thunbergia laurifolia is a popular ornamental plant in tropical gardens. It is a long blooming vine in cultivation. Propagation is from stem cuttings or shoots from the tuberous roots. It is a fast growing perennial herbaceous climber. it has become an exotic weed in many tropical countries. Teas and Medicinal In Malaysia, juice from crushed leaves of T. laurifolia are taken for menorrhagia, placed into the ear for deafness, and applied for poulticing cuts and boils Burkill, 1966 . In Thailand, leaves are used as an antipyretic, as well as an antidote for detoxifying poisons Kanchanapoom et al. ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Cervical polyp Image Caption DiseasesDB 2314 ICD10 ICD10 N 84 1 n 80 ICD9 ICD9 219 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 001494 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A cervical polyp is a common benign polyp medicine polyp or tumour on the surface of the Canal of the cervix cervical canal . ref name PAP cite book last Boon first Mathilde E. coauthors Albert J. H. Suurmeijer title The Pap Smear publisher Taylor & Francis date 1996 pages 87 url http books.google.com ?id umcl4R3sp2AC&pg PA87 isbn 3718658577 ref They can cause irregular menstruation menstrual bleeding but often show no symptoms. Treatment consists of simple removal of the polyp and prognosis is generally good. About 1 of cervical polyps will show neoplastic change which may lead to cancer . They are most common in post Menstruation menstrual , pre Menopause menopausal women who have been pregnant. Cause The cause of cervical polyps is uncertain, but they are often associated with inflammation of the cervix. ref cite web title Cervical Polyps publisher Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals National Health Service NHS url http www.dbh.nhs.uk Library Patient Information Leaflets WPR22220 Cervical 20Polyps.pdf format PDF accessdate 2007 10 21 ref They may also occur as a result of raised levels of Estrogen oestrogen or clogged cervical blood vessels. ref name Medline cite web last Smith first Melanie N. title Cervical polyps publisher MEDLINE date 2006 05 10 url http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 001494.htm accessdate 2007 11 05 ref Symptoms Cervical polyps often show no symptoms. ref name TZ cite book last Zuber first Thomas J. authorlink coauthors E. J. Mayeaux title Atlas of Primary Care Procedures publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins date 2004 location pages 254 256 url http books.google.com ?id lmEDeRGHHMC isbn 0781739055 ref Where there are symptoms, they include intermenstrual bleeding, abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding menorrhagia , vagina l bleeding in post menopausal women, bleeding ... more details
Hypomenorrhea or hypomenorrhoea , also known as short or scanty periods, is extremely light menstrual blood flow. It is the opposite of hypermenorrhea which is more properly called menorrhagia . Overview In some women it may be normal to have less bleeding during menstrual periods. Less blood flow may be genetic and, if enquiries are made, it may be found that woman s mother and or sister also have decreased blood flow during their periods. Pregnancy can normally occur with this type of decreased flow during the period. The incidence of infertility is the same as in women with a normal blood flow. Constitutional scanty menstruation perhaps best explained by assuming the presence of an unusual arrangement, or relative insensitivity, of the endometrial vascular apparatus. Reduced menstrual flow is a common side effect of hormonal contraception methods, such as oral contraceptive pills, IUD s that release hormones such as Mirena , or hormonal implants such as Depo Provera . The relatively low estrogen contained in most hormonal contraceptives reduces the growth of the endometrium , so there is relatively little endometrium left to be shed during menstruation . Many women find this side effect to be a benefit of hormonal contraceptive use. ref cite book last Carlson, Karen J., MD Eisenstat, Stephanie A., MD and Ziporyn, Terra, PhD title The New Harvard Guide to Women s Health year 2004 publisher Harvard University Press isbn 0674012828 pages 384 ref Scanty menses or periods can occur normally at the extremes of the reproductive life that is, just after puberty and just before menopause. This is because ovulation is irregular at this time, and the endomaterial lining fails to develop normally. But normal problems at other times can also cause scanty blood flow. Anovulation due to a low thyroid hormone level, high prolactin level, high insulin level, high androgen level and problems with other hormone can also cause scanty periods. Despite these common causes, hypomenorrh ... more details
disease vWD , a bleeding diathesis of the skin and mucous membranes, causing nosebleed s, menorrhagia ... the land land islands , who had a tendency for cutaneous and mucosal bleeding, including menorrhagia ... more details
Other Ormeloxifene has also been proposed as a treatment for menorrhagia . ref name pmid19751337 cite ... of menorrhagia a pilot study journal J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. volume 35 issue 4 pages 746 ... more details
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