cytology.jpg thumb right Melanin pigment dark granular material center of image in a pigmented melanoma . Pap stain . Melanin IPAc en audio melanin pronunciation.ogg m l n n lang el ... of the few groups in which it has not been detected . In animals melanin pigments are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine . The most common form of biological tissue biological melanin is eumelanin .... Another common form of melanin is pheomelanin , a red brown polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair and freckles. The presence of melanin in the archaea and bacteria kingdoms is an issue of ongoing debate among researchers in the field. The increased production of melanin in human skin is called melanogenesis . Production of melanin is stimulated by DNA damage induced by UVB ... http www.bodyrays.com tips.html tanning tips ref The photochemical properties of melanin make it an excellent ... conversion . This property enables melanin to dissipate more than 99.9 of the absorbed UV radiation ... or no melanin. This albino girl is from Papua New Guinea . In humans, melanin is the primary determinant ... ear . In the brain, tissues with melanin include the adrenal medulla medulla and zona reticularis ... coeruleus and the substantia nigra . The melanin in the skin is produced by melanocyte s, which are found ... individuals and ethnic groups more frequently or less frequently gene expression express the melanin producing gene s, thereby conferring a greater or lesser concentration of skin melanin. Some individual animals and humans have very little or no melanin in their bodies, a condition known as albinism . Because melanin is an aggregate of smaller component molecules, there are many different types of melanin with differing proportions and bonding patterns of these component molecules. Both pheomelanin and eumelanin are found in human skin and hair , but eumelanin is the most abundant melanin ... types of eumelanin. The two types are black eumelanin and brown eumelanin, with black melanin being ... more details
medalist stub Russia wintersport bio stub Biathlon bio stub da Vladimir Melanin de Wladimir Michailowitsch Melanin et Vladimir Melanin fr Vladimir Melanine no Vladimir Melanjin pl W adimir Melanin ru , fi Vladimir Melanin sv Vladimir Melanin ... more details
Melanin theory is a pseudoscientific theory, founded in the distortion of the known physical properties of melanin , a natural polymer and organic semiconductor . ref name nat http smithsonianchips.si.edu proctor index.htm The National Museum of American History ref In humans, melanin is the primary ... near the equator generally have larger quantities of eumelanin in their skins. Melanin theorists assert that the possession of greater quantities of melanin causes an inherent superiority of black people ... black supremacists justify supremacist assertions by assigning dubious properties to melanin based on pseudoscience and distortions of scientific fact or speculation. Scientists consider melanin theory ..., B. R. 1993. Afrocentricity, Melanin, and Pseudoscience, Yearbook of Physical Anthropology ... Science and the melanin theory Extrapolating from known scientific properties of melanin, adherents of melanin theory claim the substance bestows upon people of color superhuman abilities, ref name sankofach http www.sankofa.ch texts Melanin.htm Melanin in MAD Writer Productions. undated. ref with some contending that melanin is a superconductor . ref name suzar54 Suzar. http suzar.com BOTW BOTW ch5a pages53 54.html anchor2750657 Your Brain & Nerves Cannot Operate Without Black Melanin undated ... Suzar. http suzar.com BOTW BOTW ch5b pages55 56.html Other Astounding Properties of Melanin undated ... of the human brain, plays a role in the transmission of neuronal impulses, higher levels of melanin ... of melanin in the substantia nigra has been observed. ref name Skeptinq Ortiz De Montellano, Bernard. http www.csicop.org si show magic melanin spreading scientific illiteracy among minorities Magic Melanin Spreading Scientific Illiteracy Among Minorities . Skeptical Inquirer . Spring 1992. ref There is, however, a correlation between cutaneous melanin and the substantia nigra vis a vis Parkinson s disease, a neurological disease condition in which there is a loss of melanin pigmented ... more details
File Indole 5 6 quinone.png thumb right Chemical structure of indole 5,6 quinone Catechol melanins are plant melanin s ref Melanins from DOPA containing plants. R.S. Andrews,and J.B. Pridham, Phytochemistry, Volume 6, Issue 1, January 1967, Pages 13 18, doi 10.1016 0031 9422 67 85002 7 ref . They yield catechol on alkali fusion ref http science.jrank.org pages 26549 catechol melanin.html Catechol melanin on science.jrank.org ref . This type of substance can be found in fungi like Ustilago ref Ustilago melanin, a naturally occurring catechol melanin. M. Piattelli, E. Fattorusso, S. Magno and R. A. Nicolaus, Tetrahedron Letters, Volume 4, Issue 15, 1963, Pages 997 998, doi 10.1016 S0040 4039 01 90760 9 ref . Indole 5,6 quinone is a chemical compound found in the oxidative Enzymatic browning browning reaction of fruits like bananas mediated by polyphenol oxidase from tyrosine and catecholamines leading to the formation of catechol melanins. ref http www.agri.gov.il download files QuansahLydia2009MSc 1.pdf Molecular Basis of Catecholamine Biosynthesis in Banana Fruit. Thesis submitted to the R.H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment Quality Sciences of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture by Lydia Quansah, March 2009 ref References reflist Category Polyphenols polyphenol stub ... more details
Infobox protein Name Melanin concentrating hormone caption image width HGNCid 9109 Symbol PMCH AltSymbols EntrezGene 5367 OMIM 176795 RefSeq NM 002674 UniProt P20382 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 12 Arm q Band 23.2 LocusSupplementaryData Melanin concentrating hormone MCH is a cyclic 19 amino acid orexinogenic hypothalamus hypothalamic peptide originally isolated from the pituitary gland of teleost fish where it controls skin pigmentation. In mammals it is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, mood and energy balance. MCH expressing neurons are located within the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta. Despite this restricted distribution MCH neurons project widely throughout the brain. MCH knockout mice are hypophagic eat less and are lean. When administered centrally it increases food intake and weight gain. See also Melanin concentrating hormone receptor MCHR References Reflist Unreferenced date November 2011 External links MeshName Melanin concentrating hormone Hormones Neuropeptidergics Category Peptides es Hormona concentradora de melanina sr Melanin koncentriraju i hormon ... more details
protein Name melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 caption image width HGNCid 4479 Symbol MCHR1 AltSymbols GPR24 EntrezGene 2847 OMIM 601751 RefSeq NM 005297 UniProt Q99705 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 22 Arm q Band 13.3 LocusSupplementaryData protein Name melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2 caption image width HGNCid 20867 Symbol MCHR2 AltSymbols GPR145 EntrezGene 84539 OMIM 606111 RefSeq NM 032503 UniProt Q969V1 PDB ECnumber Chromosome 6 Arm q Band 16 LocusSupplementaryData Two Melanin concentrating hormone receptors MCHR have recently been characterized MCH R1 and MCH R2. These two receptors share approximately 38 homology biology homology . Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 MCH R1 is expressed in all mammals . Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2 MCH R2 is only found in some primates and carnivores including dogs , ferrets and Human man . Clinical significance Antagonists might be useful in the treatment of obesity ref name pmid16821761 cite journal author Handlon AL, Zhou H title Melanin concentrating hormone 1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of obesity journal ... ref name pmid17655875 cite journal author Luthin DR title Anti obesity effects of small molecule melanin ... . ref name pmid16999451 cite journal author Shimazaki T, Yoshimizu T, Chaki S title Melanin ... cite journal author Saito Y, Maruyama K title Identification of melanin concentrating hormone ... journal author McBriar MD title Recent advances in the discovery of melanin concentrating hormone receptor ... 508 year 2006 pmid 16889232 doi issn ref References Reflist See also Melanin concentrating hormone Melanin External links cite web url http www.iuphar db.org GPCR ChapterMenuForward?chapterID 1339 title Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptors accessdate author authorlink coauthors date format work ... Pharmacology pages language archiveurl archivedate quote MeshName melanin concentrating hormone receptor ... transmembranereceptor stub Category G protein coupled receptors sr Melanin koncentriraju i ... more details
PBB geneid 84539 Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2 MCH sub 2 sub also known as G protein coupled receptor 145 GPR145 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MCHR2 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MCHR2 melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 84539 accessdate ref ref name pmid11355873 cite journal author Mori M, Harada M, Terao Y, Sugo T, Watanabe T, Shimomura Y, Abe M, Shintani Y, Onda H, Nishimura O, Fujino M title Cloning of a novel G protein coupled receptor, SLT, a subtype of the melanin concentrating hormone receptor journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 283 issue 5 pages 1013 8 year 2001 month May pmid 11355873 doi 10.1006 bbrc.2001.4893 ref ref name pmid11274220 cite ... with Melanin concentrating hormone MCH resulted in upregulation of IDH3A , PCK1 and PFKFB4 and the downregulation ... by melanin concentrating hormone and melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2 interaction journal ... 1249019 ref See also Melanin concentrating hormone receptor References reflist External links cite web url http www.iuphar db.org GPCR ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID 2999 title Melanin Concentrating ... of a second melanin concentrating hormone receptor, MCH 2R. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ... author An S, Cutler G, Zhao JJ, et al. title Identification and characterization of a melanin ..., O Neill K, et al. title Identification and pharmacological characterization of a novel human melanin ... DL, et al. title Short segment of human melanin concentrating hormone that is sufficient for full activation of human melanin concentrating hormone receptors 1 and 2. journal Biochemistry volume ... potency peptide agonist of human melanin concentrating hormone action at human melanin concentrating ... of the melanin concentrating hormone receptors insights from molecular simulations. journal Proteins ... stub Category G protein coupled receptors Category Human proteins sr Melanin koncentriraju i ... more details
PBB geneid 2847 Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 , also known as MCH sub 1 sub , is one of the human melanin concentrating hormone receptor s. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MCHR1 melanin ... plasma membrane protein which binds Melanin concentrating hormone melanin concentrating hormone . The encoded ... pmid17655875 cite journal author Luthin DR title Anti obesity effects of small molecule melanin concentrating ... A title Melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists a new perspective for the pharmacologic ... name pmid12885269 cite journal author Hervieu G title Melanin concentrating hormone functions in the nervous ... pmid16999451 cite journal author Shimazaki T, Yoshimizu T, Chaki S title Melanin concentrating hormone ... pmid16548771 cite journal author Hervieu GJ title Further insights into the neurobiology of melanin ..., McKinzie DL, Nomikos GG, Gehlert DR title Melanin concentrating hormone 1 receptor modulates neuroendocrine ... A study of the involvement of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 MCHR1 in murine models of depression ..., Nagasaki H title The melanin concentrating hormone system and its physiological functions journal ... 3 ref Selective Ligands Agonists Melanin concentrating hormone MCH S 36057 modified MCH 6 13 fragment ... 125I S36057 a new and highly potent radioligand for the melanin concentrating hormone receptor journal ... of melanin concentrating hormone receptor 1 in rat brain and evidence that sleep parameters are not altered ... H, Thomsen W, Tran TA, Semple G, Sekiguchi Y title ATC0175 an orally active melanin concentrating ..., Li X, Ardayfio P, Craft L, Coskun T, Zhang HY, Chen Y, Witkin JM title Preclinical evaluation of melanin ... cite journal author Doggrell SA title Does the melanin concentrating hormone antagonist SNAP 7941 ... title T 226296 a novel, orally active and selective melanin concentrating hormone receptor antagonist ... 11909603 doi 10.1016 S0014 2999 02 01314 6 url ref See also Melanin concentrating hormone receptor ...?receptorID 2998 title Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptors MCH sub 1 sub accessdate author authorlink ... more details
Summary Information Description Source I User Zhun310 Zhun310 User talk Zhun310 talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 15 42, 15 December 2009 UTC Author User Zhun310 Zhun310 User talk Zhun310 talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
This word has several meanings Used as a name A family surname The name of a band, see Cyclefly Hueman and Mako Cyclefly See also Melanin theory hue man dab ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 SIAscopy measures the amount of haemoglobin , melanin and collagen in the stratum corneum , Epidermis skin epidermis and dermis to a depth of 2 mm, and identifies whether melanin is present in the epidermis or the dermis. The information is presented as SIAscans, which show how these components vary over the skin. SIAscopy makes use of the way light interacts with skin the way it scatters or bounces and the amount absorbed by cells and other structures and how this varies for different wavelengths or colours of light and is based on Symon Cotton s Thesis PhD thesis . ref Cotton S. D 1998 A non invasive Medical imaging imaging system for assisting in the diagnosis of Melanoma malignant melanoma . PhD thesis. University of Birmingham Birmingham University , UK ref ref M. MONCRIEFF,S. COTTON, E. CLARIDGE AND P. HALL 2002 Spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis a new technique for imaging pigmented skin lesions, British Journal of Dermatology 2002 146 448 457. ref Due to the multi layered structure of the skin, and because the most prominent chromophores have slowly varying spectral properties, it is possible to generate models which can predict the method of light transport within skin. This allows analysis of the skin using broadband Spectrophotometry spectrophotometric techniques. The device used to capture the information is a SIAscope. In order to generate the model, simulations are run for hundreds of thousands of different combinations of haemoglobin, melanin, collagen and dermal melanin. The result of each simulation represents how the camera would respond if it was to image the corresponding combination of skin chromophore s. This information is stored, and then interrogated during each scan in order to generate SIAscans. Each SIAscan is a bitmap representing the concentration of each chromophore on every pixel. Image siaa.JPG thumb ..., melanin, dermal melanin,blood and collagen The example SIAscan shows a melanoma with a series of views ... more details
melanin and increased melanin mediated rates of electron transfer measured as reduction of ferricyanide by NADH 3 to 4 fold compared with unexposed cells. ref name Dadachova Similar effects on melanin ..., some non melanized fungi that had been mutated in the melanin pathway grew faster than their melanized counterparts. Limited uptake of nutrients due to the melanin molecules in the fungal cell wall or toxic intermediates formed in melanin biosynthesis have been suggested to contribute to this phenomenon. r Dadachova It is consistent with the observation that despite being capable of producing melanin, many fungi do not synthesize melanin constitutively i.e., all the time , but often only in response ... processes in the suggested melanin based synthesis of organic compounds or other metabolite s for fungal ... ref name Dadachova cite journal title Ionizing radiation changes the electronic properties of melanin ... more details
orphan date June 2008 Gum depigmentation aka gum bleaching is a procedure used in cosmetic dentistry to remove black spots or patches on the gums caused by excessive melanin. The normal color of the gum tissue gingiva is pink, but excess deposits of melanin melanin gingival hyperpigmentation can create what seem to be black spots or patches on the gums, creating an aesthetic or cosmetic problem. Discolouration may also be caused by long term use of certain medications. A clinical assessment is carried out to customize the treatment to the patients needs, and the procedure itself can involve surgical, chemical, or laser ablation techniques. Laser Gum Depigmentation Techniques Laser Gum Bleaching br Melanocytes are cells which reside in the basal layer of the gingival epithelium. These cells produce melanin, which are pigments that cause discoloration or dark spots in gums. A dental laser can target and ablate the melanocytes, thus reducing the production of melanin in the gingival tissue. Following laser depigmentation, the gingiva heals by secondary intention. This results in a lighter and more uniform color of the gums. ref 1 1 An example of laser gum depigmentation treatment. ref 2 2 File Gum depig before.jpg File Gum depig after.jpg References cite journal last Azzeh first Manal M. title Treatment of Gingival Hyperpigmentation by Erbium Doped Yttrium, Aluminum, and Garnet Laser for Esthetic Purposes journal Journal of Periodontology volume 78 issue 1 pages 177 184 date January 2007 doi 10.1902 jop.2007.060167 pmid 17199556 cite journal last Farnoosh first Dr. Alex title Treatment of gingival pigmentation and discoloration for esthetic purposes journal International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry volume 1990 issue 10 pages 312 319 date 1990 1. note 1 http www.nylaserperiodontist.com Laser Periodontics.html Part1 Laser Gum Depigmentation 2. note 2 http www.nydentalspecialists.com laserperiodontalplasticsurgery.php lasergumdepigmentation Category De ... more details
than 0.1 of the excited melanin molecules will undergo harmful chemical reactions or produce free radicals. Artificial melanin The cosmetic industry claims that the UV filter acts as a artificial melanin . But those artificial substances used in sunscreen s do not efficiently dissipate the energy ... reactions. see Benzophenone . This discrepancy between melanin and sunscreen ingredients is one ... natural melanin 99.9 0.1 2 phenylbenzimidazole 5 sulfonic acid PBSA, Eusolex 232, Parsol HS, 2 ethylhexyl ... more details
Dematiaceous is a term to denote dark colored. It is generally used to refer to a group of fungi , the Dematiaceous molds, that produce melanin in their cell walls ref http pathology.ucsf.edu education residency fung morph fungal site dematpage.html ref . The melanin is responsible for the characteristic brown color of the fungal colonies when grown on agar. Dematiaceous fungi show septated hyphae with irregular branching. They are responsible for a number of human infections, including Chromoblastomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref References reflist Category Dermatologic terminology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Melanosis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D008548 Melanosis is a form of hyperpigmentation associated with increased melanin . ref MeshName Melanosis ref It can can refer to Melanism Ocular melanosis Smoker s melanosis Oral melanosis See also List of cutaneous conditions References reflist Pigmentation disorders Category Dermatologic terminology dermatology stub ... more details
wiktionary freckles Freckle s are clusters of concentrated melanin which are most often visible on people with a fair complexion. Freckles may also refer to Freckles novel Freckles novel , a 1904 American novel Freckles film , a 1960 American film based on the novel Freckles Brown 1921 1987 , American bull rider Freckles and His Friends , a comic strip published in the US from the 1910s to the late 1970s Freckles is a song by Natasha Bedingfield from her album Pocketful of Sunshine Candies decorated with Nonpareils disambiguation ... more details
A melanomorph is a Chemical substance substance related to the pigment melanin . Melanomorphs originate from the aromatic amino acids tyrosine , tryptophan , and phenylalanine . They tend to absorb ultraviolet B light, with peaks around 280 nanometers . See also Beer s Law . References http www.textbookslist.com sciences organic chemistry 5th edition paula y bruice.html Organic Chemistry 5th Ed. Bruice http www.textbookslist.com sciences organic chemistry 5th edition paula y bruice.html Category Biochemistry ... more details
The Agouti gene is responsible for determining whether a mammal s coat is banded agouti or of a solid color non agouti . ref Silver, Lee Mouse Genetics ref The chief product of the Agouti gene is Agouti signalling peptide ASP , but there are a number of alternative splice products. In dog s, the Agouti gene is associated with various Coat dog Patterns coat colors and patterns , including sable and tan points. ref http homepage.usask.ca schmutz alleles.html Dog Coat Color Genetics, December 27, 2008, Sheila Schmutz ref In horse s, the Agouti gene suppresses the action of the Melanocortin 1 receptor extension locus that produces black horse black pigment Melanin Eumelanin eumelanin into point coloration on the mane, tail, lower legs and tips of the ears, thus allowing the underlying red pigment, Melanin Pheomelanin pheomelanin , to appear on the body. This produces the color known as bay horse bay . Mice that are heterozygous for the Agouti yellow allele have yellow coats and tendencies towards obesity. Mice that are homozygous for the Agouti yellow allele have the lethal gene . Mice that are homozygous for the non agouti allele and non agouti yellow allele have non agouti coat color such as black . References references Category Peptides Category Peptide hormones gene 20 stub de Agouti ... more details
Refimprove auto yes date December 2009 Infobox disease Name Hypopigmentation Image Vitiligo03.jpg Caption Hypopigmentation in vitiligo. DiseasesDB 21207 ICD10 L80, L81.5 L81.6 ICD9 ICD9 709.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D017496 Hypopigmentation is the loss of skin color. It is caused by melanocyte or melanin depletion, or a decrease in the amino acid tyrosine , which is used by melanocytes to make melanin. Treatments Oftentimes, hypopigmentation can be brought on by laser treatments however, the hypopigmentation can be treated with other lasers or light sources. ref Reszko A, Sukal S, Geronemus R. Reversal of Laser Induced Hypopigmentation with a Narrow Band UVB Light Source in a Patient with Skin Type VI . Dermatol Surg. 34 1 4. 2008 ref Associated conditions It is seen in albinism idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis leprosy leucism Phenylketonuria pityriasis alba vitiligo Angelman syndrome tinea versicolor See also Hyperpigmentation References Reflist Pigmentation disorders Category Dermatologic terminology Category Disturbances of human pigmentation Disease stub ar de Hypopigmentierung fr Hypopigmentation hi om Hypopigmentation ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin pars intermedia adenohypophyseos GraySubject 275 GrayPage 1275 Image Gray1181.png Caption Median sagittal through the hypophysis of an adult monkey. Pars intermedia labeled at bottom center. Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 07 DorlandsSuf 12616939 Code TerminologiaHistologica 3 08 02.2.00007 Pars intermedia is the boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary . It contains three types of cells Anterior pituitary basophil basophil s, chromophobe s, and colloid filled cyst s. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke s pouch . In human fetus fetal life, this area produces melanocyte stimulating hormone or MSH which causes the release of melanin pigment in skin melanocytes pigment cells . However, the pars intermedia is normally either very small or entirely absent in adulthood. In lower vertebrates fish, amphibians MSH from the pars intermedia is responsible for darkening of the skin, often in response to changes in background color. This color change is due to MSH stimulating the dispersion of melanin pigment in dermal skin melanophore cells. External links BUHistology 14001loa BUHistology 14101loa OklahomaHistology 38 11 UIUCHistologySubject 991 pituitary gland Category Endocrine system bn de Hypophysenzwischenlappen nl Pars intermedia ... more details
Image Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy intermed mag.jpg thumb right 150px Micrograph showing dermatopathic lymphadenopathy with the characteristic paracortical histiocytosis and melanin laden macrophages. H&E stain . In pathology , dermatopathic lymphadenopathy , also dermatopathic lymphadenitis , is lymph node pathology due to skin disease. Associations differential diagnosis Cutaneous T cell lymphoma ref name pmid17543161 Cite journal last1 Lee first1 SW. last2 Park first2 MC. last3 Kim first3 H. last4 Park first4 YB. last5 Lee first5 SK. title Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy in a patient with adult onset Still s disease. journal Clin Exp Rheumatol volume 25 issue 2 pages 312 4 month year doi PMID 17543161 ref Hodgkin s lymphoma ref name pmid17543161 Melanoma Diagnosis Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy is diagnosed by a lymph node biopsy. It has a characteristic pattern of histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining Paracortical histiocytosis Melanin laden macrophages Eosinophils Plasma cells medulla of lymph node Treatment The treatment is based on the underlying cause. See also Skin disease List of cutaneous conditions References reflist External links http pathconsultddx.com pathCon diagnosis?pii S1559 8675 2806 2970177 2 Dermatopathic lymphadenitis pathconsultddx.com. Category Cutaneous conditions ... more details
Melanotropin receptor is a protein found in human skin skin and human eye eye cells that make melanin a pigment that gives color to the skin and helps protect it from damage by ultraviolet light . People with certain changes in the gene for the melanotropin receptor have a higher risk of developing melanoma skin cancer that begins in melanocytes . Also called melanocortin 1 receptor melanocortin 1 receptor MC1R . External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 575845 Melanotropin receptor entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms References reflist NCI cancer dict Category Human proteins oncology stub ... more details
DHI may refer to DHI Water & Environment , a research, consulting and software organisation from Denmark Deutsches Historisches Institut , the German Historical Institutes present in several international cities Dhangarhi Airport IATA airport code , Dhangarhi, Nepal Dhimal language ISO 639 3 language code , a language spoken by the Dhimal people in Nepal and India Druk Holding and Investments , a holding company owned by the Government of Bhutan EMD DHI , an experimental diesel hydraulic railroad locomotive 5,6 dihydroxyindole , a chemical compound constituent of melanin disambig de DHI fr DHI homonymie it DHI ... more details
Expert subject medicine date November 2008 Smoker s melanosis is characterized by flat, irregular hyperpigmentation of the connective tissue underlying the oral mucosa resulting from tobacco smoking . Basal cells and macrophages in the underlying connective tissue contain unusual amounts of melanin, which creates the darker pigmentation. Macrophages are unable to degrade all of the melanin, a phenomenon known as melanin incontinence . ref JP Sapp, LR Eversole, GP Wysocki. Contemporary Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. Chapter 6 Epithelial Disorders. Published by Mosby, St. Louis, MO, 1997. ref Incidence Prevalence A study in Sweden showed that 21.5 of smokers and 3 of nonsmokers had lesions that could be classified as smoker s melanosis. ref http www.emedicine.com derm topic655.htm E medicine Smoker s melanosis. Accessed October 5, 2007 ref Causes Smoking is the cause in most cases, although similar hyperpigmentations can sometimes be seen in nonsmokers. Similar hyperpigmentations can be due to physiological pigmentation, amalgam Tattoo Traumatic tattoos tattoo , suntan, drug related melasma , Addison s Disease also known as primary adrenal insufficiency , or Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Treatment and Prognosis The lesion usually disappears if the patient stops smoking. If it does not disappear, however, a biopsy can be used to verify the diagnosis. Smoker s melanosis is benign and does not develop into cancer. See also Melanosis coli Peutz Jeghers syndrome References Reflist 2 Category Oral pathology Category Smoking ... more details
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