orphan date February 2009 The beta satellite sequences of the human genome are a family of genetic elements consisting of 68 69 base pair monomer ic units repeated contiguously in long arrays up to 1 Megabase in length. ref K. G. Ten Hagen and S. N. Cohen. Timing of replication of beta satellite repeats of human chromosomes. ref References Reflist Category Human genetics genetics stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PRIMOU is an enhancement of the PRIMO software program developed at the Genome Center at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas to choose primer molecular biology primers and to calculate their annealing temperature according to the base stacking method. It has been modified by the University of Oklahoma to fix memory leak s and handle multi megabase projects. It is currently maintained by Bruce Roe, and Steve Kenton at the University of Oklahoma . External links http www.genome.ou.edu informatics primou.html Home Page ftp ftp.genome.ou.edu pub programs primou src.tar Download Category Laboratory software ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2011 Radiation hybrid mapping also known as RH mapping is a technique for Gene mapping mapping mammalian chromosomes . Radiation hybrid mapping uses X ray breakage of chromosomes to determine the distances between DNA marker s, as well as their order on the chromosome. In addition, the method allows the relative likelihoods of alternative marker orders to be determined. The RH procedure was used to map 14 DNA probes from a region of human chromosome 21 spanning 20 megabase pairs. The map was confirmed by pulsed field Gel electrophoresis gel electrophoretic analysis. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of RH mapping for constructing high resolution, contiguous maps of mammalian chromosome. Category Chromosomes biology stub ... more details
A fractal globule is a proposed packing method used by cells to sequester DNA into a compact yet accessible structure that minimizes the probability of knot formation. ref name lieberman2009 cite doi 10.1126 science.1181369 ref ref name grosberg1993 cite doi 10.1209 0295 5075 23 5 012 ref ref name grosberg1988 cite doi 10.1051 jphys 0198800490120209500 ref A paper by a team of scientists from the University of Massachusetts Medical School and MIT Erez Lieberman Aiden , van Berkum et al ref name lieberman2009 2009 described Hi C, a method that probes the three dimensional architecture of whole genomes by coupling proximity based ligation with massively parallel sequencing. We constructed spatial proximity maps of the human genome with Hi C at a resolution of 1 megabase. These maps confirm the presence of chromosome territories and the spatial proximity of small, gene rich chromosomes. We identified an additional level of genome organization that is characterized by the spatial segregation of open and closed chromatin to form two genome wide compartments. At the megabase scale, the chromatin conformation is consistent with a fractal globule , a knot free, polymer conformation that enables maximally dense packing while preserving the ability to easily fold and unfold any genomic locus. The fractal globule is distinct from the more commonly used globular equilibrium model. Our results demonstrate the power of Hi C to map the dynamic conformations of whole genomes. References Reflist Category DNA Category Fractals ... more details
italic title Plasmodium chabaudi is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium subgenus Vinckeia . Like all Plasmodium species P. chabaudi has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are rodent s. ref name Hoffman1996 cite book author Hoffman, Stephen P. title Malaria Vaccine Development A Multi Immune Response Approach publisher American Society Microbiology location year 1996 pages isbn 1 55581 111 6 oclc doi accessdate ref Taxobox name Plasmodium chabaudi image caption image image width regnum Protista phylum Apicomplexa classis Aconoidasida ordo Haemosporida familia Plasmodiidae genus Plasmodium species P. chabaudi binomial Plasmodium chabaudi Description This species was described in 1965 by I. Landau ref name Landau1965 Landau I. 1965 Description of Plasmodium chabaudi n. sp., parasite of African rodents. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 260 3758 3761. ref . It is named after Dr A. Chabaud. Genome The nuclear genome is 18.8 megabase s in size with a karyotype of 14 chromosome s. The G C content is 23 . A genome sequencing project is underway. Geographical occurrence This species is found in Africa . Clinical features and host pathology This species was first isolated from the blood of a shiny thicket rat Thamnomys rutilans in the Central African Republic . Notes Two subspecies have been defined P. chabaudi chabaudi and P. chabaudi adami . External links http www.genedb.org Homepage Pchabaudi GeneDB Plasmodium chabaudi http www.culleton.org rodent Images of rodent malaria parasites at www.culleton.org References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Plasmodium Chabaudi Category Plasmodium plasmodium stub id Plasmodium chabaudi ... more details
Infobox chess player name Vladimir Chuchelov image Vladimir Chuchelov.jpg birthname Vladimir Chuchelov country BEL birth date Birth date and age df yes 1969 9 28 birth place USSR title Grandmaster chess Grandmaster 1995 rating 2595 January 2010 peakrating 2608 July 2003 Vladimir Chuchelov lang ru born 28 September 1969 in the Soviet Union is a Belgian chess Grandmaster chess Grandmaster . He won the Belgian Chess Championship in 2000. He appeared four times in the FIDE top 100, with a maximum rating of 2608. ref http ratings.fide.com top files.phtml?id 201260 ref Tournament victories include the Hamburg HSK 1991 , Gifhorn international 1992 , ref ChessBase Megabase 2008 ref 17th Cappelle la Grande Open 2001 . ref http www.chesscenter.com twic twic331.html 9 ref In 2010 he was awarded the title of FIDE Senior Trainer. References references External links fide id 201260 Chessgames player id 19829 Use dmy dates date November 2010 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Chuchelov, Vladimir ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION chess grandmaster DATE OF BIRTH 28 September 1969 PLACE OF BIRTH USSR DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Chuchelov, Vladimir Category 1969 births Category Living people Category Belgian chess players Category Russian chess players Category Soviet chess players Category Chess grandmasters Category Chess coaches Russia chess bio stub Belgium chess bio stub br Vladimir Chouchelov ca Vlad mir Txutxelov de Vladimir Chuchelov fr Vladimir Chouchelov it Vladimir u elov nl Vladimir Chuchelov pl W adimir Czucze ow ru , ... more details
. Genomics The complexity of the M. xanthus life cycle is reflected in its 9.14 Megabase Length measurements Megabase genome , the largest prokaryotic genome sequenced until the sequencing of Sorangium ... more details
wiktionary Computers Megabyte MB , a measure of amount of information used, for example, to quantify computer memory or storage capacity Megabit Mb, or properly Mbit , a measure of amount of information MacBook Motherboard Message board File format .MB MapBasic Source Code MaBiao , the code table of Input method IME Gen Applet designed by Microsoft and Zhong Yi , distributed with Windows Mathematica Binary, a software before Mathematica 4.0 Maya Binary, the 3D file format for Maya software People Lee Myung bak , the president of South Korea, using the initials from his given name MB Doctrine , the foreign policy doctrine of South Korean president Lee Myung bak Maico Buncio Maurizio Bianchi or MB, an Italian noise musician Michael Ballack Michael Bubl Monica Bellucci Montgomery Burns Places Mandalay Bay , a hotel and casino in Las Vegas Manitoba , Canada Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Myrtle Beach , South Carolina Martinique s FIPS PUB 10 4 territory code Measurements Millions of barrels Mb, Mbbl or MMbbl , one million oil barrel barrels of oil Megabase , a unit of measurement in genetics Body wave magnitude m sub b sub , a type of seismic scale Millibarn , a unit of area used in nuclear physics and particle physics Millibit , a rare unit of information equal to one thousandth of a bit mb, a rarely used unit of Imperial measurements Imperial weight equal to 1000 lbs or roughly 453 Kilograms millibel , a hundredth of a decibel Others Bachelor of Medicine , an academic degree lang la Medicinae Baccalaureus Institute of Molecular Biosciences , Mahidol University Macbeth Marching band Medal of Bravery Canada , a decoration Medal of Bravery Hungary , a decoration Mercedes Benz , a German brand of automobiles, buses, coaches and trucks Meridian and Bigbee Railroad s reporting mark Mighty B , a children s TV show Mighty Beanz , a toys series for children Milton Bradley Company , a board game and sometimes video game publisher Minibus , a type of car Mount&Blade , ... more details
Infobox disease Name 2q37 monosomy OMIM 600430 Image 2q37 monosomy.png Width 80px Caption Deleted Region in Chromosome 2 DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic eMedicine mult MeshID 2q37 monosomy is a rare genetic disorder caused by a Deletion genetics deletion of a segment at the end of chromosome 2 . ref name pmid15173228 cite journal author Aldred MA, Sanford RO, Thomas NS, Barrow MA, Wilson LC, Brueton LA, Bonaglia MC, Hennekam RC, Eng C, Dennis NR, Trembath RC title Molecular analysis of 20 patients with 2q37.3 monosomy definition of minimum deletion intervals for key phenotypes. journal J Med Genet volume 41 issue 6 pages 433 9 year 2004 pmid 15173228 doi 10.1136 jmg.2003.017202 pmc 1735790 ref ref name pmid15521982 cite journal author Shrimpton AE, Braddock BR, Thomson LL, Stein CK, Hoo JJ title Molecular delineation of deletions on 2q37.3 in three cases with an Albright hereditary osteodystrophy like phenotype. journal Clin Genet volume 66 issue 6 pages 537 44 year 2004 pmid 15521982 doi 10.1111 j.1399 0004.2004.00363.x ref Clinical description Almost all patients with this syndrome have some degree of mental retardation and facial dysmorphism round face, deep set eyes, thin upper lip . Behavioural problems are common. Brachydactyly Brachymetaphalangism metacarpal or metatarsal shortening is reported in 50 of cases overall, but is typically not evident below the age of 2 years. There is striking phenotypic variability, and the size and extent of the deleted region cannot be used as accurate predictors of prognosis. Some patients have additional problems such as congenital heart disease and seizures . Origin and Size of Deletion The minimal deletion causing this syndrome has been defined as a 3 megabase region that contains the genes GPR35 , GPC1 and STK25 . Almost all deletions are found to be terminal deletions at the end of chromosome 2. There is a high frequency of de novo deletions, but multiple cases within a single family a ... more details
Copy edit date June 2011 Infobox chess player name So a Pertlov image Pertlova sona 20081119 olympiade dresden.jpg caption birthname country CZE birth date Birth date 1988 3 24 birth place T inec death date Death date and age 2011 5 8 1988 3 24 death place T inec title Woman International Master WIM worldchampion womensworldchampion rating 2213 last rating in May 2011 peakrating 2262 Jan. 2010 So a Pertlov March 24, 1988, T inec May 8, 2011, T inec was a Czech Republic Czech chess player. Pertlov was Czech U12 girl champion in 2000, ref http www.chess.cz www mladez souteze jednotlivci mcr16 mcr2000 vysledky.html kone n v sledky M R v kategorii D12 Retrieved on 12. May 2011. ref U16 champion ref http www.chess.cz www mladez souteze jednotlivci mcr16 mcr2002 vysledky.html kone n v sledky M R v kategorii D16 Retrieved on 12. May 2011. ref in 2002 and U20 champion in 2007. ref http www.chess.cz www souteze mcr juniorek a dorostenek 2007 vysledky MCRjuniorek07.html kone n v sledky M R v kategorii D20 Retrieved on 12. May 2011. ref She finished second in Czech U18 championship in 2006. ref http www.chess.cz www souteze mcr zeny 2006 konevledky1.html kone n v sledky M R v kategorii D18 Retrieved on 12. May 2011. ref ref Chessbase Megabase 2011 ref She played at for the Czech team in the 2008 Chess Olympiad in Dresden , scoring 4 points out of 6 games while already being a cancer patient ref http www.olimpbase.org playersw q8mqyese.html So a Pertlov on olimpbase Retrieved on 12. May 2011. ref and the European women s team championships in 2005 and 2009. ref http www.olimpbase.org playersu q8mqyese.html ME ensk ch dru stev Retrieved on 12. May 2011. ref She received the title of Woman FIDE Master WFM in 2006 and of Woman International Master WIM in 2008. She worked several times in esk televize Czech television , in the show V achu In chess . ref http www.ceskatelevize.cz ivysilani 10111941499 v sachu 208471290520016 5. 9. 2008. V achu Retrieved on 12. May 2 ... more details
image Chromosome 11.svg thumb 150px right Chromosome 11 Chart Chromosome 11000 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 134.5 million base pair s the building material of DNA and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cell biology cells . It is one of the most gene and disease rich chromosomes in the human genome . Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 11 likely contains between 1,300 and 1,700 genes. A recent study ref cite journal author Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Dewar K, Lloyd C, Itoh T, Takeda T, Kim DW, She X, Barlow KF, Bloom T, Bruford E, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Eichler E, FitzGerald MG, Jaffe DB, LaButti K, Nicol R, Park HS, Seaman C, Sougnez C, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Zody MC, Birren BW, Nusbaum C, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Rogers J, Lander ES, Sakaki Y title Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification journal Nature year 2006 pages 497 500 volume 440 issue 7083 pmid 16554811 doi 10.1038 nature04632 ref shows that 11.6 genes per Base pair Length measurements megabase , including 1,524 protein coding genes and 765 pseudogene s can be found on chromosome 11. More than 40 of the 856 olfactory receptor genes in the human genome are located in 28 single and multi gene clusters along this chromosome. Genes The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 11 ACAT1 acetyl Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase APOA4 apolipoprotein A IV Ataxia telangiectasia mutated ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated includes complementation groups A, C and D CD81 WT1 C11orf1 CPT1A carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A liver DHCR7 7 dehydrocholesterol reductase HBB hemoglobin, beta HMBS gene HMBS hydroxymethylbilane VII ... more details
Taxobox name Elephant shark status LC status system IUCN3.1 trend stable image Elephant shark melb aquarium.jpg image caption Elephant Shark, Melbourne Aquarium regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Chondrichthyes subclassis Holocephali ordo Chimaeriformes familia Callorhinchidae genus Callorhinchus species C. milii binomial Callorhinchus milii binomial authority Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint Vincent Bory de Saint Vincent , 1823 The elephant shark , Callorhinchus milii , is a cartilaginous fish Chondrichthyes belonging to the subclass Holocephali chimaera . Sharks, rays and skates are the other members of the cartilaginous fish group and are grouped under the subclass Elasmobranchii . Alternative names of the elephant shark include Australian ghost shark, Makorepe, whitefish, plownose chimaeras or elephant fish . The latter is best avoided as it may be confused with elephantfishes family Mormyridae which are freshwater teleost fishes from tropical Africa and the Nile. It is found off southern Australia , and south of East Cape and Kaipara Harbour in New Zealand , at depths of 200 meters to 500 meters. Their length is between 60 and 120 centimeters. Males of this species mature at about 65 centimeters. During spring, adults migrate inshore to estuaries and bays where mating takes place and the females lay their eggs on sandy or muddy substrates. The eggs are contained in large yellowish capsules. The gestation period is six to eight months. Elephant sharks are exploited commercially, particularly during spring and summer when they migrate into shallow coastal waters. The white flesh fillets of elephant shark are very popular with fish and chips restaurants in New Zealand and Australia . Recently, the elephant shark was proposed as a model cartilaginous fish genome because of its relatively small genome size. The genome of the elephant shark is estimated to be 910 Mb long Mb megabase s 1 million basepairs which is the smallest among all the cartilaginous fishes and on ... more details
Italic title Taxobox name Ascaris suum regnum Animal ia phylum Nematoda classis Secernentea ordo Ascaridida familia Ascarididae genus Ascaris species A. suum binomial Ascaris suum binomial authority Goeze, 1782 Introduction Ascaris suum , also known as large roundworm of pigs , is a parasitism parasitic nematode that causes ascariasis in pig s. Until recently it was believed that Ascaris suum could also infect humans however, it has now been established that humans are affected by a related parasite, Ascaris lumbricoides . Ascaris suum is distributed worldwide and grows up to 40 cm in length. Ascaris infections are treated with ascaricide s. Ascaris suum is in the family of Ascarididae, and is one of the oldest association to mankind. Genetics A 273 megabase draft genome for Ascaris suum was published in 2011 in Nature . ref http www.nature.com nature journal vaop ncurrent full nature10553.html ref Life cycle Life cycle can be direct or indirect with paratenic hosts. The pig ingests the egg with an L2 larva inside. The larvae undergo liver hepatic migration, molt to the L3 form, and then migrate to the lung s. Larvae enter the alveoli , are coughed up and then swallowed. This process is known as hepato tracheal migration. They then molt two times and become adults. Paratenic hosts ingest the eggs and the L2 larvae remains in the tissues of the paratenic host until a pig eats it. These may include beetles and earthworms, as well as large to jumbo sized chicken eggs from at risk fowl. Morphology In addition to their large size, these species also have the three prominent lips. Each lips contains dentigerous ridge, and no interlabia or alae. Males are about 15 cm to 31 cm long, and 2mm to 4mm wide. The posterior end is curved toward the ventral side with a pointed tail. They have simple spicules that measure 2.0mm to 3.5mm long. Females are larger than males, measuring in at 20 cm to 49 cm long and 3mm to 6mm in diameter. From the anterior end, ... more details
PBB geneid 2250 Fibroblast growth factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FGF5 gene . ref name pmid3211147 cite journal author Zhan X, Bates B, Hu XG, Goldfarb M title The human FGF 5 oncogene encodes a novel protein related to fibroblast growth factors journal Mol Cell Biol volume 8 issue 8 pages 3487 95 year 1989 month Feb pmid 3211147 pmc 363586 doi ref ref name pmid2577873 cite journal author Nguyen C, Roux D, Mattei MG, de Lapeyriere O, Goldfarb M, Birnbaum D, Jordan BR title The FGF related oncogenes hst and int.2, and the bcl.1 locus are contained within one megabase in band q13 of chromosome 11, while the fgf.5 oncogene maps to 4q21 journal Oncogene volume 3 issue 6 pages 703 8 year 1994 month Apr pmid 2577873 pmc doi ref ref name entrez The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor FGF family. FGF family members possess broad mitogenic and cell survival activities, and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth and invasion. This gene was identified as an oncogene, which confers transforming potential when transfected into mammalian cells. Targeted disruption of the homolog of this gene in mouse resulted in the phenotype of abnormally long hair, which suggested a function as an inhibitor of hair elongation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene FGF5 fibroblast growth factor 5 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 2250 accessdate ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Li K, Stewart DJ, Ward HJ title Technology evaluation gene therapy FGF 5 , Vical journal Curr. Opin. ... more details
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