A medicalprocedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the care of persons with health problems. A medicalprocedure with the intention of determining, measuring or diagnosis diagnosing a patient condition or parameter is also called a medical test . Other common kinds of procedures are therapeutic i.e., with the intention or treating, curing or restoring function or structure , including the large group of surgery surgical procedures. Physical medicine and rehabilitation Rehabilitation procedures are included in this group. Definition An activity directed at or performed on an individual with the object of improving health, treating disease or injury, or making a diagnosis. ref name ex00 International Dictionary of Medicine and Biology , Page 2297. ISBN 047101849x ref The act or conduct of diagnosis, treatment, or operation. ref name ex01 Stedman s Medical Dictionary , 27th .... ref name ex02 Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary , 28th ed. Page 1353. ISBN 0721628591 ref The sequence of steps to be followed in establishing some course of action. ref name ex03 Mosby s Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary , Page 1278. ISBN 0801672252 ref List of medical procedures Propedeutic Auscultation Medical inspection Palpation Percussion medicine Temperature examination ... Medical imaging Angiography Aortography Cerebral angiography Coronary angiography Lymphangiography ... therapy Xenotransplantation Other Interventional radiology Screening medicine See also Algorithm medical Autopsy Complication medicine Consensus medical Contraindication Course medicine Drug interaction Extracorporeal Guideline medical Iatrogenesis Invasive medical List of surgical instruments Medical error Medical prescription Medical test Minimally invasive Nocebo Non invasive Physical examination Responsible drug use Surgical instruments Vital signs References Reflist Category Medical terms Category Medical treatments ... more details
Procedure may refer to Procedure term Medicalprocedure Algorithm , in mathematics and computing, a set of operations or calculations that accomplish some goal Instructions or recipe s, a set of commands that show how to prepare or make something Standard Operating Procedure , a step by step instruction to achieve a desired result, used in industry and military Procedural law Legal procedure , the body of law and rules used in the administration of justice in the court system, including Civil procedure Criminal procedure Administrative law Administrative procedure Parliamentary procedure , a set of rules governing meetings. Procedure computer science , also known as a subroutine disambig da Procedure de Prozedur fa fr Proc dure pl Procedura ru sk Proced ra sv Procedur uk ... more details
Infobox musical artist name The Procedure background group or band origin Trenton, New Jersey Trenton , New Jersey genre Hardcore Post Hardcore years active 2001&ndash Present current members Mike Donatelli drums br Frank Fenimore guitar br Bill Henderson Thursday Guitarist Bill Henderson guitar, vocals BR Jon Tarella bass BR Jesse Traynor vocals past members Ed Adams bass BR Justin Shepp bass BR Joe Hatrak drums The Procedure is a New Jersey band that formed in 2001. The band features former Thursday band Thursday and Purpose guitarist Bill Henderson. History The Procedure formed in 2001 at TCNJ The College of New Jersey in Trenton, NJ. The band self released a 4 song demo in 2002 and began performing in and around New Jersey. In early 2003 they released a 7 on Warmachine Records before signing to Blackout Records Brightside Blackout Records that spring and releasing their first full length, Rise of New Reason in September 2003. They temporarily disbanded in 2004 after the departure of drummer Mike Donatelli, but he returned to the band the next year and they resumed working on their second LP, Shift Pacific . In 2008, they recorded their third full length, The Ancestor s Tale , which was released on February 26, 2009 on the band s own Eyeset World Records. Members Mike Donatelli Drum kit drums Frank Fenimore Guitar Bill Henderson Thursday Guitarist Bill Henderson Guitar , Singing vocals Jon Tarella Bass guitar Bass Jesse Traynor Singing vocals Discography & album descriptions class wikitable Album information For Janus Released 2003 Four song 7 on Warmachine Records. Rise of New Reason Released 2003 Their first full length album. Release on Brightside Blackout Records. 2001 2004 Released 2004 6 song EP. Self Released, handed out on tour. Features cover songs. Shift Pacific ... www.theprocedure.com Official Band Web Site http www.myspace.com theprocedure Procedure Myspace page DEFAULTSORT Procedure, The Category American post hardcore musical groups Category Musical groups ... more details
Multiple issues context y unreferenced y notability y orphan y Cred procedure is a medicalprocedure performed on newborns, associated with protection from the etiologic agent of gonorrhea . The procedure involves the addition of 1 silver nitrate solution into the conjunctiva conjunctival sac the recommendation is that it be done within one hour of birth. The procedure is effective in preventing gonococcal conjunctivitis . DEFAULTSORT Crede procedure Category Sexually transmitted diseases and infections medicine stub ... more details
Invasive procedure may refer to Invasive Procedures DS9 episode Invasive Procedures DS9 episode , the fourth episode of the second season of the television series Star Trek Deep Space Nine Invasive Procedures novel , a 2007 novel by Orson Scott Card and Aaron Johnston Invasive medical Invasive medical procedures and Minimally invasive procedure s. Disambig ... more details
Animal testing The conflict procedure is an experiment widely used in scientific research to quantify anxiety levels through measuring changes in punished unpunished responding. It is often used to screen drug s for anxiolytic potential. See also Forced swim test References Reflist 2 Unreferenced date February 2010 Category Animal testing Category Animal rights Category Medical research Category Psychology experiments Animal rights stub pharmacology stub psychology stub ... more details
Fair procedure is a common law doctrine that arises from a line of groundbreaking decisions of the Supreme Court of California dating back to the 1880s. Certain types of private Actor policy debate actors especially professional association s, trade union union s, hospital s, and insurance companies , due to their overwhelming economic power within certain fields, cannot arbitrarily expel members or employees or deny persons admission for no logical reason they are obligated to provide a rudimentary form of procedural due process in the form of notice and a hearing . ref Potvin v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. , http online.ceb.com calcases C4 22C4t1060.htm 22 Cal. 4th 1060 2000 . ref It is contrasted against due process in that it applies to private actors, while due process normally applies only to state actor s. Damages for violating the right of fair procedure can be substantial. For example, the State Compensation Insurance Fund was found liable for 1,131,000 for arbitrarily denying a small medical clinic admission to its preferred provider network. ref Palm Medical Group, Inc. v. State Comp. Ins. Fund , http online.ceb.com calcases CA4 161CA4t206.htm 161 Cal. App. 4th 206 2008 . ref But the right of fair procedure only applies where the conduct of the challenged private entity would destroy the plaintiff s right to practice a lawful trade or profession. Because it is possible though slightly more difficult to find gainful employment in the motion picture industry without being the holder of an Academy Award , the conduct of the guilds that determine eligibility for the Oscars is not subject to fair procedure. ref Yari v. Producers Guild of Am. , http online.ceb.com calcases ... the right of fair procedure if applicable clearly requires something slightly less than procedural ... government entity, he had received the benefit of fair procedure and had no cause of action for the mildly ... procedure for private actors is necessary because due process generally controls only decisions taken ... more details
Read codes system used in United Kingdom General Practice See also diagnosis codes medical classification References reflist Category Clinical procedure classification med stub Medical classification ...Procedure codes are numbers or alphanumeric codes used to identify specific health interventions taken by medical professionals. Examples of procedure codes International International Classification of Procedures in Medicine ICPM and International Classification of Health Interventions ICHI ref cite web url http www.who.int classifications ichi en title WHO International Classification of Health Interventions ICHI accessdate 2011 06 14 publisher World Health Organization ref ICPC 2 International Classification of Primary Care , which contains diagnosis codes, reasons for encounter RFE , and process of care as well as procedure codes North American Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System including Current Procedural Terminology used in United States ICD 10 Procedure Coding System ICD 10 PCS used in United States ICD 9 CM Volume 3 subset of ICD ICD 9 CM used in United States Canadian Classification of Health Interventions CCI used in Canada. Replaced CCP. ref http secure.cihi.ca cihiweb dispPage.jsp?cw page codingclass cci e secure.cihi.ca ref dead link date June 2011 Nursing Interventions Classification NIC used in United States ref http www.duke.edu goodw010 vocab NIC.html duke.edu ref dead link date June 2011 Nursing Minimum Data Set NMDS Nursing Outcomes Classification NOC SNOMED P axis European OPS 301 adaptation of ICPM used in Germany OPCS 4.6 used by the NHS in England ref http www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk systemsandservices data clinicalcoding codingstandards opcs4 opcs 4.6 ref Classification des Actes M dicaux CCAM used in France ref http www.ccam.sante.fr ccam.sante.fr ref dead link date June 2011 NOMESCO Geb hrenordnung f r rzte GO Germany Nomenclature des prestations de sant de l institut national d assurance maladie invalidit Belgium TARMED Switzerland ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 about the medicalprocedure Stretto Stretta procedure is a minimally invasive Endoscope endoscopic procedure for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD . A catheter is used to deliver radio frequency energy to the lower esophageal sphincter , muscle and gastric cardia . The use of radiofrequency energy to augment the LES was pioneered by Utley. The Stretta system, manufactured by the California based company cofounded by Utley, gained Food and Drug Administration FDA approval in 2000. Stretta is an outpatient procedure performed with the patient under intravenous conscious sedation. The radiofrequency energy is delivered by a four channel generator while impedance and tissue temperature are monitored to avoid mucosal injury. The device shuts down if the impedance is more than 1000 ohms, the muscle temperature exceeds 100 C, or the mucosal temperature exceeds 50 C. The flexible catheter has a 30 Fr bougie tip and a balloon basket assembly with four 22 gauge, 5.5 mm long, radially placed electrodes. The catheter also has one channel for suction and another for irrigation with cool water to keep mucosal temperature below 50 C. An upper endoscopy is performed first to identify the gastroesophageal GE junction, and a flexible tip guidewire is passed into the stomach. The endoscope is next withdrawn, and the catheter is passed over the wire, then positioned 1 cm above the Z line. Balloon inflation places the electrodes into the muscle layer of the lower esophagus, and radiofrequency energy is delivered for 90 s. Witha goal temperature of 85 C, eight lesions are made in a radial manner by rotating the balloon 45 . The catheter is advanced in 0.5 cm increments to create four rings, with the last ring 0.5 cm from the squamocolumnar junction ... for a final look completes the procedure. The procedure time is about 40 min. The radiofrequency ... article 75 89791.htm WebMD The Stretta Procedure to Treat GERD Category Digestive system surgery ... more details
Interventions infobox Name PAGENAME Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 35.91 MeshID OPS301 OtherCodes HCPCSlevel2 The Mustard procedure was developed in 1963 by Dr. William Mustard at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto , Canada . Dr. Mustard, with support from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada , developed the first operation to correct a congenital heart defect that produced blue baby blue babies . The defect is called transposition of the great vessels . The condition was common and fatal. The defect causes blood from the lung s to flow back to the lungs and blood from the body to flow back to the body. This occurs because the aorta and the pulmonary artery , the two major arteries coming out of the heart, are connected to the wrong chambers. The babies look blue because there is insufficient oxygen circulating in their bodies. ref name heartandstroke Press Release Children who had heart surgery 20 30 years ago should keep in touch, June 6, 2001, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. URL http ww2.heartandstroke.ca Page.asp?PageID 33&ArticleID 1056 http ww2.heartandstroke.ca Page.asp?PageID 33&ArticleID 1056 . Accessed on January 14, 2008. ref The Mustard Procedure allows total correction of transposition of the great vessels. The procedure employs a Baffle medical baffle to redirect caval blood flow to the left atrium which then pumps blood to the left ventricle which then pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs. In a normal heart, de oxygenated blood is pumped into the lungs via the right ventricle. Then it is distributed throughout the body via the left ventricle. In the Mustard procedure, blood is pumped to the lungs via the left ventricle and disseminated throughout the body via the right ventricle. ref name heartandstroke The Mustard procedure improved an 80 mortality rate in the first year of life to an 80 survival at age 20. See also Congenital heart disease The Mustard procedure was largely replaced in the late 1980s by the Jatene procedure ... more details
the consequences would be. The emergency procedure should provide an appropriate and proportionate response to this situation. Testing and Training An emergency procedure identifies the responsibilities, actions and resources necessary to deal with an emergency. Once drafted, a procedure may ... procedure is revised and reissued, previous versions must be withdrawn from point of use to avoid ... responsible for implementing the procedure during the emergency. ref http www.osha.gov SLTC etools ... and well practised procedure using trained staff, there is still the potential for events to spiral ... typical emergency procedure are Procedure carried out during a fire alarm in commercial buildings ... at the assembly point. The procedure would identify who is responsible for these various tasks, and their deputies ... issues, liaison with the fire fighters, etc. In large multi tenanted buildings the procedure may be complex and address several possible scenarios. Medical emergency where first aid ers are called ... Disruption Gas Leaks Flood Hurricane Tornado Medical Emergency Chemical Spillage Elevator Lift ... safety in the home Emergency Evacuation Plan Category Emergency services Procedure ... more details
FDA . History The MIRA Procedure originated as a result of combining medical innovations and was developed as a multidisciplinary technique for applications in a wide range of medical fields. In other words this procedure was not developed for a specific application, it is a compilation from ... to successfully develop a safe and reliable medicalprocedure now known as the MIRA Procedure. The concept of the MIRA procedure can be considered more off as a minimally invasive tissue graft which ...MIRA Minimally invasive Minimally invasive procedure Minimally Invasive Reconstructive Angiography is a multidisciplinary and complementary method for treating many chronic diseases . The MIRA Procedure is a result of combining efforts from different medical fields developed in the University of Chicago in 1992. It basically consists in Medical grafting medically grafting live rejuvenated tissue biology ... the demand and many hundreds to this date die waiting for a donor. This procedure has also sparked ... much more involved in the steps that followed in order to develop the MIRA procedure. In 1995, the University ... . In 2010, the MIRA procedure spawned highly efficient alternatives to some operations in the field ... way that involves almost no downtime to the patient. Clinical procedure simplified The MIRA procedure ... of choice typically being Thermage. Applications The MIRA Procedure has numerous applications for different ... accessdate 2010 12 16 ref Advantages Medical field Unlike organ transplants , patients who opt for the MIRA Procedure do not rely on availability of a compatible donor for operation. The procedure, as it names .... There is minimal downtime after the procedure and the cost is much more affordable to the patients. If necessary, the patient can decide to repeat the procedure for further improvement on his or her condition. No risk of scarring . Cosmetic field More natural appearance after the procedure compared ... who are not physically adequate to undergo a liposuction may not be subject for a MIRA procedure. A drawback ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 Image Fontan procedure.svg thumb 350px Fontan procedure for tricuspid atresia Interventions infobox Name Fontan procedure Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 35.94 MeshID D018729 OtherCodes The Fontan procedure , or Fontan Kreutzer procedure , is a palliative surgical procedure used in children with complex congenital heart defect s. It involves diverting the venous blood from the right atrium to the pulmonary artery pulmonary arteries without passing through the morphologic pulmonary ventricle . It was initially described in 1971 by Dr Fontan and Dr Kreutzer separately as a surgical treatment for tricuspid atresia . ref cite journal author Fontan F, Baudet E title ... procedure has more recently been used in pediatric situations where an infant only has a single effective ... blood to the lungs and the body either from birth or after an initial surgery e.g. Norwood procedure ... arteries is low enough, these children are referred for Fontan procedure commonly after ... procedure. Often cardiac catheterization is performed to check the resistance before proceeding with the surgery. This is also the reason a Fontan procedure cannot be done immediately after birth the pulmonary ... types of Fontan procedure ref name Leval2005 Cite journal last Leval first Marc R de year 2005 ..., also called a Bidirectional Glenn procedure or Hemi Fontan see also Kawashima procedure , involves ... are disconnected from their existing blood supply e.g. a shunt created during a Norwood procedure ... have marked Hypoxia medical hypoxia because of the IVC blood that is not fed into the lungs to be oxygenated ... the fenestration to relieve the pressure. However, this results in Hypoxia medical hypoxia , so the fenestration ... thinner s. The Fontan procedure is palliative, not curative. But in many cases it can result in normal ... of the Fontan procedure performed during the 1970s journal Circulation volume 86 issue 5 Suppl pages ... Center Cardiac surgery and other cardiovascular procedures DEFAULTSORT Fontan Procedure Category ... more details
The Batista procedure also called a reduction left ventriculoplasty was an experimental cardiac surgery cardiac surgical procedure that aimed to reverse the effects of remodeling in cases of end stage dilated cardiomyopathy refractory to conventional medical therapy. In spite of promising initial results, the method was soon found to be of little if any benefit, and it is no longer considered a recommended treatment for the disease. The Batista procedure was invented by Brazilian surgeon Randas Batista in 1994 for use in patients with non ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy . It involves removal of a portion of viable tissue from the left ventricle to reduce its size partial left ventriculectomy , with or without repair or replacement of the mitral valve. ref cite web url http www.pbs.org wgbh nova heart pioneers.html title Pioneers of heart surgery accessdate 2007 11 07 work NOVA Online Cut to the heart ref Although several studies showed benefits from this surgery, studies at the Cleveland Clinic concluded that this procedure was associated with a high early and late failure rate. At 3 years only 26 percent were event free and survival rate was only 60 percent. ref name pmid11326231 cite journal author Franco Cereceda A, McCarthy PM, Blackstone EH, et al. title Partial left ventriculectomy for dilated cardiomyopathy is this an alternative to transplantation? journal J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. volume 121 issue 5 pages 879 93 year 2001 month May pmid 11326231 doi 10.1067 mtc.2001.113598 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0022 5223 01 37736 X ref Most hospitals have abandoned this operation and it is no longer included in heart failure guidelines. ref name pmid16087128 cite journal author T nnessen T, Knudsen CW title Surgical left ventricular remodeling in heart failure journal Eur. J. Heart Fail. volume 7 issue 5 pages 704 9 year 2005 month August pmid 16087128 ... Cardiac surgery DEFAULTSORT Batista Procedure Category Cardiac surgery Surgery stub ja ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Norwood procedure Image Hypoplastic left heart syndrome.svg Caption Diagram of a healthy heart and one suffering from Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. In the heart on the right, note the near absence of the left ventricle , which normally provides systemic circulation . In the Norwood procedure, blood flow from the right ventricle is rerouted to serve this function, which means that an alternative source of pulmonary circulation must be provided. ICD10 ICD9 ICD9proc 35.8 MeshID OtherCodes The Norwood Procedure is a surgery performed on the heart , the first successful use of the procedure was reported by Norwood and colleagues in 1981. ref Norwood WI, Lang P, Casteneda AR, Campbell DN. Experience with operations for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Oct 1981 82 4 511 9. ref ref Norwood WI, Lang P, Hansen DD. Physiologic repair of aortic atresia hypoplastic left heart syndrome. N Engl J Med. Jan 6 1983 308 1 23 6. Medline . ref Cardiopulmonary bypass is required. ref name MunozMorell2009 cite book author1 Ricardo Munoz author2 Victor Morell author3 Peter Wearden title Critical Care of Children with Heart Disease Basic Medical and Surgical Concepts url http books.google.com books?id AYZ Y2H5UeIC&pg PA326 accessdate 21 June 2011 date August 2009 publisher Springer isbn 9781848822610 pages 326 ref Indications This procedure is most often performed to treat Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome , certain types of mitral atresia , or other ... of the Norwood procedure is to connect the single ventricle to the systemic circulation. To accomplish ... the lungs. Process Entry to the body cavity for the Norwood Procedure is gained by a vertical ..., and the conduit, to the lungs. There are variations on this procedure where the origin of the shunt ... the path to a Fontan procedure . References reflist External links http heart.healthcentersonline.com ... 1 Norwood Procedure http www.med.umich.edu cvc mchc parhyp1.htm Cardiac surgery and other cardiovascular ... more details
For the computing term Exit procedure The EXIT procedure , or ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure , is a specialized surgical delivery procedure used to deliver babies who have airway compression. ref name pmid15017555 cite journal author Hirose S, Farmer DL, Lee H, Nobuhara KK, Harrison MR title The ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure Looking back at the EXIT journal J. Pediatr. Surg. volume 39 issue 3 pages 375 80 discussion 375 80 year 2004 pmid 15017555 doi 10.1016 j.jpedsurg.2003.11.011 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0022346803008698 ref Causes of airway compression in newborn babies result from a number of rare disease rare congenital disorder s, including bronchopulmonary sequestration , congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation , mouth or neck tumor such as teratoma , and lung or pleural tumor such as pleuropulmonary blastoma . ref name pmid14533890 cite journal author Adzick NS title Management of fetal lung lesions journal Clin Perinatol volume 30 issue 3 pages 481 92 year 2003 month September pmid 14533890 doi 10.1016 S0095 5108 03 00047 2 url issn ref Airway compression discovered at birth is a medical emergency. In many cases, however, the airway compression is discovered during prenatal ultrasound exams, permitting time to plan a safe delivery using the EXIT procedure or other means. Process The EXIT is an extension of a standard classical Caesarean section , where an opening is made on the midline of the anesthetized mother s abdomen and uterus. Then comes the EXIT the baby is partially delivered through the opening but remains attached ... utero intrapartum treatment EXIT procedure was originally developed to reverse temporary tracheal occlusion ... causes of fetal airway obstruction. gallery Image EXIT.jpg EXIT procedure With only the baby s head ... for the EXIT procedure, URL http books.google.se books?id OHW y6G7AWAC . cite book author Chestnut ... S, Johnson MP, Flake AW, et al. title The EXIT procedure experience and outcome in 31 cases ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Kawashima procedure Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 MeshID OtherCodes The Kawashima procedure is used for congenital heart disease with a single effective ventricle and an interrupted inferior vena cava IVC . It was first performed in 1978 and reported in 1984. ref name pmid6690861 cite journal author Kawashima Y, Kitamura S, Matsuda H, Shimazaki Y, Nakano S, Hirose H title Total cavopulmonary shunt operation in complex cardiac anomalies. A new operation journal J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. volume 87 issue 1 pages 74 81 year 1984 pmid 6690861 doi ref Procedure Technically it is very similar to the Bidirectional Glenn procedure used to direct half the body s venous blood flow into the lungs. However, in patients with interrupted IVC, most of the blood from the lower body actually joins the blood from the upper body before returning to the heart via the superior vena cava SVC . Therefore, the redirection of SVC blood to the lungs as in the Glenn results in much more than half the venous blood flow being diverted. After Kawashima, the only de oxygenated blood returning to the heart is from the abdominal organs via the hepatic vein s . As a result, there is much less hypoxia medical hypoxia than after Glenn, and the heart is pumping less additional blood than after Glenn. However, the hypoxia can worsen over time because of the development of microscopic Arteriovenous malformation AVMs in the lungs that allow blood to pass through without being oxygenated ref name pmid9124964 cite journal author Kawashima Y title Cavopulmonary shunt and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations journal Ann. Thorac. Surg. volume 63 issue 4 pages 930 2 year 1997 pmid 9124964 doi 10.1016 S0003 4975 97 00055 6 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0003497597000556 ref , and therefore these children still may need a complete Fontan procedure in the end. ref name pmid16242423 ... arteriovenous malformations after a Kawashima procedure journal Ann. Thorac. Surg. volume ... more details
HCPCSlevel2 The Jatene procedure , or arterial switch , is an open heart surgery open heart surgical procedure used to correct dextro transposition of the great arteries d TGA its development was wiktionary ... ly preceded by two atrial switch methods the Senning procedure Senning and Mustard procedure s. This surgery ... transpose d. Timing The Jatene procedure is ideally performed during the second week of life ... of pulmonary artery banding PAB and shunt medical shunt construction may be used to increase the left ... The success of this procedure is largely dependent on the facilities available, the skill and experience ... transplant ed from the aorta neo pulmonary artery to the pulmonary artery neo aorta. Length of procedure ... If the procedure is anticipated far enough in advance with prenatal diagnosis, for example ... transfusion . The patient will require a number of medical imaging imaging procedures in order to determine ... aorta. Pre operative As with any procedure requiring general anaesthesia, arterial switch recipients will need to fasting Medical fasting fast for several hours prior to the surgery to avoid the risk ... medication drugs via intravenous drip , which continue as necessary throughout the procedure ... the blood from clot ting. A generous section of pericardium is harvest medical harvested , then disinfect ... later in the procedure. The cardiopulmonary bypass is then initiated by inserting a cannula into the ascending ... circulatory arrest necessary during the procedure the patient must be cooled for a minimum of 20 ... valve aortic or pulmonary valve it may alternatively be repaired later in the procedure. The great ... be used prior to bypass however, there is a third opportunity for this still later in the procedure ... wiktionary intracardiac intracardiac shunt medical shunts ASD, patent ductus arteriosus PDA , patent ... for d TGA the Senning procedure in 1959, which involved using the atrial septum to create an wiktionary ... atrial level Senning yielded a high success rate using this procedure, significantly lowering ... more details
The so called Berlin procedure BV is a mathematical procedure for time series decomposition and seasonal adjustment of monthly and quarterly economic time series. The mathematical foundations of the procedure were developed in 1960 s at the Technical University of Berlin and the German Institute for Economic Research DIW . The most important user of the procedure is the Federal Statistical Office of Germany . The latest version of the Berlin procedure, BV4.1 software BV4.1 , is available as freeware for non commercial purposes. Specific features of the procedure The Berlin procedureprocedure is distinguished from other commonly used decomposition and seasonal adjustment methods i.e. X 12 ARIMA by the following characteristic features The procedure works well even with time series showing strongly changing seasonal patterns. Trend cycles are depicted plausibly in terms of economic points of view. The cost benefit ratio is low as the user does not need special training or even expert knowledge or long term experience with the procedure to make high quality analyses. On principle the analysis results do not depend on the respective user since there is no need to determine any series specific parameters of the procedure. As linear regression linear regression models are used, on principle there are no differences between indirect and direct analysis results of aggregate series. External links http www.destatis.de jetspeed portal cms Sites destatis Internet EN Content Wissenschaftsforum MethodsApproaches Infos SoftwareBV41,templateId renderPrint.psml Federal Statistical Office s page on time series analysis and BV4.1 http www.destatis.de jetspeed portal cms Sites destatis Internet EN Content Wissenschaftsforum MethodsApproaches Infos BV41Procedure,property file.pdf Speth, H. T. 2004 The BV4.1 procedure for decomposing and seasonally adjusting economic time series http www.destatis.de jetspeed portal cms Sites destatis Internet DE Content Wissenschaftsforum MethodenVerfahren ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 In logic , and in particular proof theory , a proof procedure for a given logical system logic is a systematic method for producing proofs in some proof calculus of provable statements. There are several types of proof calculi. The most popular are natural deduction , sequent calculus sequent calculi i.e., Gentzen type systems , Hilbert system s, and semantic tableau x or trees. A given proof procedure will target a specific proof calculus, but can often be reformulated so as to produce proofs in other proof styles. A proof procedure for a logic is complete if it produces a proof for each provable statement. The theorems of logical systems are typically recursively enumerable , which implies the existence of a complete but extremely inefficient proof procedure however, a proof procedure is only of interest if it is reasonably efficient. Faced with an unprovable statement, a complete proof procedure may sometimes succeed in detecting and signalling its unprovability. In the general case, where provability is a semidecidable property, this is not possible, and instead the procedure will diverge not terminate . See also Automated theorem proving Proof complexity Proof tableaux Deductive system Proof truth Category Proof theory logic stub ... more details
disturbance of heart rhythm. They are procedures derived from the original maze procedure developed by James Cox, MD. The origin of the mini maze procedures The Cox maze procedure main Cox maze procedure James L. Cox James Cox, MD , and associates developed the maze or Cox maze procedure, an open heart cardiac surgery procedure intended to eliminate atrial fibrillation , and performed the first one ... surgical procedure journal J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg volume 101 issue 4 pages 569 83 year ... of improvements were made, culminating in 1992 in the Cox maze III procedure, which is now considered ... C, Schuessler R, Boineau J, Sundt T, Cox J, Damiano R title The Cox maze III procedure for atrial fibrillation ... results after the mini maze procedure journal Eur J Cardiothorac Surg volume 16 issue 3 pages ... operations. A primary goal has been to perform a curative, maze like procedure epicardially from the outside ... atrial isthmus lesion. We call this pattern of atrial lesions the mini maze Procedure ... None ... maze procedure cannot be performed epicardially by means of any presently available energy source ... or median sternotomy . Their method came to be known as the minimaze or microwave minimaze procedure ... s scalpel. Shortly thereafter, Randall K. Wolf, MD and others developed a procedure using ... ref This came to be known as the Wolf minimaze procedure. Today, the terms minimaze , mini maze , and mini ... of the procedure is available. Wolf minimaze Video assisted Bilateral Epicardial Bipolar Radiofrequency ... or severe symptoms and have failed medical therapy asymptomatic patients are generally not considered ... by several problems perhaps the most important of these is incomplete or inconsistent post procedure ... hence a procedure with more careful follow up will appear to be less successful. In addition, procedures ... following the radiofrequency Wolf procedure ranges from 67 to 91 ref name Salenger 2004 ... Surgery in the Adult http www.wolfminimaze.com Wolf Minimaze Procedure in The Official Site ... more details
Criminal procedure refers to the adjudication adjudication process of the criminal law . While criminal procedure differs dramatically by jurisdiction, the process generally begins with a formal criminal charge and results in the Conviction law conviction or acquittal of the defendant. Basic rights Currently, in many countries with a democratic system and the rule of law, criminal procedure puts the Legal burden of proof burden of proof on the prosecution &ndash that is, it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond any reasonable doubt, as opposed to having the defense prove that s he is innocent, and any doubt is resolved in favor of the defendant. This provision, known as the presumption of innocence , is required, for example, in the 46 countries that are members of the Council of Europe , under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights , and it is included in other human rights documents. However, in practice it operates somewhat differently in different countries. Similarly, all such jurisdictions allow the defendant the right to legal counsel and provide any defendant who cannot afford their own lawyer with a lawyer paid for at the public expense which is in some countries called a court appointed lawyer . See also Court Appointed Special Advocates Criminal Procedure Act Criminal procedure in the United States Italian Criminal Procedure Offence law Trial law References reflist Further reading cite book title Criminal Procedure and the Constitution Leading Supreme Court Cases and Introductory Text last Israel first Jerold H. authorlink coauthors Kamisar, Yale LaFave, Wayne R. year 2003 publisher West Publishing location St. Paul, MN isbn 0314146695 pages Criminal procedure Law Category Criminal procedure Category Criminal procedure bg cs Trestn zen da Straffesag de Strafprozessrecht el fa fr Proc dure p nale ko hi it Processo penale he ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Puestow procedure Image Caption ICD10 ICD9 52.96 MeshID D010193 OtherCodes The Puestow procedure also known as a Puestow Gillesby procedure, or a pancreaticojejunostomy is a surgery surgical technique used in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis . It involves a side to side anastomosis of the pancreatic duct and the jejunum . ref cite journal author Howell JG, Johnson LW, Sehon JK, Lee WC title Surgical management for chronic pancreatitis journal The American surgeon volume 67 issue 5 pages 487 90 year 2001 pmid 11379656 doi ref Technique The operation involves creating a longitudinal incision along the pancreas while the main pancreatic duct is filleted open longitudinally from the head of the organ to its tail. The duct and pancreas are then attached to a loop of the small intestine pancreaticojejunostomy , which is oversewn to the exposed pancreatic duct in order to allow its drainage. When used in the appropriate setting, pain from chronic pancreatitis can improve. One advantage of this procedure compared to a Frey s procedure is that pancreatic tissue is preserved, which may be of critical importance in patients with exocrine gland exocrine or endocrine gland endocrine insufficiency from their chronic pancreatitis. Indications A Puestow procedure is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic chronic pancreatitis patients with pancreatic ductal obstruction and a dilated main pancreatic duct. The main pancreatic duct needs to be 6mm in diameter in the body of the pancreas for this procedure to be possible. Limitations One of the problems that can lead to failure of the Puestow procedure is that pain can persist due to failure to drain the pancreatic duct on the head of the pancreas. A Frey s procedure is an alternative surgical procedure to the Puestow ... s procedure drawing Bombay Hospital Journal. Digestive system surgical procedures DEFAULTSORT Puestow Procedure Category Accessory digestive gland surgery it Procedura di Puestow ... more details
Politics of the European Union The consent procedure formerly assent procedure is one of the Legislature of the European Union Special legislative procedures special legislative procedures of the European Union . Single European Act The assent procedure was introduced by the Single European Act . Under this procedure, the Council of the European Union must obtain European Parliament Parliament s assent before certain decisions can be made. Acceptance assent requires an absolute majority of vote s. The right of the European Parliament to reject or indefinitely delay the proposal is absolute. There is no formal provision for amendments by the European parliament, but in fact the Parliament can produce an interim report making recommendations for modifications, and a conciliation has also been introduced. ref cite book last Craig first Paul coauthors Grainne De Burca , P. P. Craig title EU Law Text, Cases and Materials edition 4th ed. year 2006 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford isbn 978 0 19 927389 8 page 117 ref The areas included under the assent procedure were specific tasks of the European Central Bank ECB amendments of statutes of the European System of Central Banks ESCB European Central Bank Structural Funds and Cohesion Funds the uniform electoral procedure for the European ... Conference , the European Commission argued in favor of extending this procedure to apply ... With entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 , the assent procedure was renamed consent procedure ... of the European Union Ordinary legislative procedure ordinary legislative procedure formerly codecision ... implications, agreements in areas where the ordinary legislative procedure applies. Under the consent procedure, the Parliament express its approval on a Council draft act by an absolute majority ... the beginning of the procedure, in order to guarantee its consent, although the Treaties do not formally forecast it ref name EP . References Reflist EU stub Category European Union legislative procedure ... more details
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