Infobox islands name Malakula image name MalakulaMap.png image caption Map of Malakula locator map Vanuatu Malakula.PNG native name native name link location Pacific Ocean coordinates Coord 16.30 S 167.50 E region VU type isle display inline,title archipelago New Hebrides total islands major islands area km2 2041 highest mount unnamed elevation m 879 country Vanuatu country admin divisions title Provinces of Vanuatu Province country admin divisions Malampa Province Malampa country largest city Lakatoro country largest city population population 30,000 population as of 2000 density km2 14.7 ethnic groups Malakula Island coordinates Coord 16.30 S 167.50 E , also spelled Malekula , is the second largest island in the nation of Vanuatu , in the Pacific Ocean region of Melanesia . Its name, coined by James Cook , is apparently derived from the French language French mal cul literally, pain in the ass and was inspired by the presence of cannibal s, volcanic activity and other unpleasant features of the island at the time of its discovery. Info on name from Getting Stoned with Savages by J. Maarten Troost Location It is separated from the islands of Espiritu Santo and Malo Island Malo by the Bougainville Strait . Lakatoro , capital of Malampa Province , is situated on its eastern shore ... gave his name to the straits which separate Malakula from Santo. Demographics According to the latest census information, from 2000, Malakula has a population of over 30,000 inhabitants. There are nearly ... mallicolo ang.html ref Economy Image Malakula funeral masks.jpg thumb left Malakula funeral masks Malakula ... Malakula. In no time, it took on some of the cargo cult traits, up until 1950, after which it returned ... Reflist External links http www.crwflags.com FOTW FLAGS vu mal.html Malakula Flag http www.malekulahikingtrail.blogspot.com ... Province bg de Malakula es Malakula fr Malekula gl Malakula it Malakula lt Malakula nl Malakula ja pl Malekula pt Malakula ru fi Malekula zh ... more details
CRI Malakula at 106 FM is a radio station in Malakula, Vanuatu . It is part of China Radio International . It broadcasts primarily in English language English . External references http english.cri.cn 4026 2007 12 27 44 308617.htm Official website of 102 FM in Vila and Santo, 106 FM in Malakula The CRI programme schedule includes the following The Hot Pot Show hosted by DJ Duggy Day Music Safari hosted by PK Beyond Beijing hosted by Peter K. & Liu Yan & there s a brand new website at http cribeyondbeijing.com China Radio International coord missing Vanuatu Category Radio stations in Vanuatu Category China Radio International ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Lakatoro is the capital of Malampa Province of the island country of Vanuatu . It is situated on the eastern shore of Malakula and is the largest settlement in that island. Coord 16 07 S 167 25 E region VU type city display title Category Populated places in Vanuatu Vanuatu geo stub de Lakatoro lt Lakatoras no Lakatoro pl Lakatoro ru ... more details
image Malampa Vanuatu .png right Map Malampa is a province of Vanuatu , made up of three main islands, Malakula , Ambrym and Paama , from which the province s name is derived. It includes a number of other islands the small islands of Uripiv , Norsup , Rano , Wala island Wala , Atchin and Vao island Vao off the coast of Malakula, and the volcanic island of Lopevi currently uninhabited . It has a population of 36,100 people and an area of 2,779 km . Its capital is Lakatoro . Mountains P not Maroum Bays Black Sand Bay Provinces and islands of Vanuatu Vanuatu geo stub coord 16 15 S 167 45 E region VU type adm1st source GNS enwiki display title Category Provinces of Vanuatu Category States and territories established in 1994 Category Malampa Province ar bi Malampa bg de Malampa es Malampa fr Malampa gl Malampa it Malampa rw Intara ya Malampa lt Malampa nl Malampa ja pt Malampa ru fi Malampa zh ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Infobox Language family name Small Nambas region Malakula , Vanuatu familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Southern Oceanic languages Southern Oceanic fam5 North Vanuatu languages North Vanuatu fam6 Malekula languages Malekula The family of Small Nambas languages is a subgroup of the Malekula Interior languages . It consists of 3 language s. Components Dixon Reef language Dixon Reef Letemboi language Letemboi Repanbitip language Repanbitip Category Languages of Vanuatu ... more details
CRI Vila and Santo at 102 FM is a radio station in Vila , Solomon Islands and Santo, Vanuatu . It is part of China Radio International . It broadcasts primarily in English language English . External references http english.cri.cn 4026 2007 12 27 44 308617.htm Official website of 102 FM in Vila and Santo, 106 FM in Malakula The CRI programme schedule includes the following The Hot Pot Show hosted by DJ Duggy Day Music Safari hosted by PK Beyond Beijing hosted by Peter K. & Liu Yan & there s a brand new website at http cribeyondbeijing.com China Radio International Category Radio stations in the Solomon Islands Category Radio stations in Vanuatu Category China Radio International ... more details
Infobox Language name Nese region Matanvat area, northwest Malakula , Vanuatu speakers 20 familycolor Austronesian iso2 map fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Eastern Oceanic languages Central Eastern fam5 North Vanuatu languages North Vanuatu fam6 Malekula Coastal languages Malekula Coastal Nese is a moribund language moribund Oceanic languages Oceanic language or dialect known by no more than twenty people in the Matanvat area of the northwest tip of the island of Malakula in Vanuatu . It is now rarely spoken, having been replaced as a primary mode of communication by Bislama language Bislama . Nese is one of the few speech variety speech varieties to have apicolabial consonant apicolabial linguolabial consonants. References cite journal last Lynch first John authorlink John Lynch linguist month December year 2005 title The Apicolabial Shift in Nese journal Oceanic Linguistics volume 44 issue 2 pages 389 403 doi 10.1353 ol.2005.0040 cite book last Crowley first Terry authorlink Terry Crowley linguist editor Lynch, John year 2006 title Nese a diminishing speech variety of Northwest Malakula Vanuatu location Canberra publisher Pacific Linguistics url http pacling.anu.edu.au catalogue 577.html External links http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian language.php?id 459 Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database wordlist Category Malekula Coastal languages Category Languages of Vanuatu au lang stub ... more details
for the district in Japan Namba A namba is a traditional penis sheath from Vanuatu . ref name pe cite web url http www.positiveearth.org bungalows bislama english.htm title Bislama English accessdate 2007 06 22 work Vanuatu Aelan Walkabaot publisher Wantok Environment Centre ref Namba are wrapped around the penis of the wearer, sometimes as their only clothing. ref name aus cite news first Miranda last Tetlow title High and mighty url http www.theaustralian.news.com.au story 0,20867,19292339 5001506,00.html work The Australian online publisher News Limited date 2006 05 19 accessdate 2007 06 22 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Two tribes on Malakula , the Big Nambas and the Smol Small Nambas, are named for the size of their nambas. ref http www.vanuatuparadise.com NewFiles anglais iles mallicolo ang.html ref See also Koteka References references Category Vanuatuan culture Category penis Category underwear clothing stub Vanuatu stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox Language name Uripiv states Vanuatu region Malakula speakers 9,000 for dialect continuum familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Eastern Oceanic languages Central Eastern fam5 North Vanuatu languages North Vanuatu fam6 Northeast Vanuatu Banks Islands languages Northeast Banks Islands fam7 Malekula Coastal languages Malekula Coastal fam8 Uripiv Wala Rano Atchin iso2 map iso3 upv Uripiv , or more precisely Uripiv Wala Rano Atchin , is a language spoken on Vanuatu . Uripiv is spoken today by about 9,000 people. Literacy rate of Uripiv speakers in their own language is about 10 30 . Ulipiv proper forms a dialect chain with other dialects, namely Wala Rano and Atchin. Uripiv dialect is the most northerly of these, and has 85 of its words in common with Atchin, at the opposite southern end of the chain. Uripiv is one of the few well documented languages that use the rare bilabial trill . DEFAULTSORT Uripiv Language Category Languages of Vanuatu Category Malekula Coastal languages Vanuatu stub Au lang stub es idioma uripiv fr Uripiv Wala Rano Atchin ... more details
Infobox Language family name Malekula Central region Malakula , Vanuatu familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Southern Oceanic languages Southern Oceanic fam5 North Vanuatu languages North Vanuatu fam6 Malekula languages Malekula The family of Malekula Central languages is a subgroup of the Malekula Interior languages . It consists of 8 language s. Languages The languages are, Big Nambas language Big Nambas Lingarak language Lingarak Larevat language Larevat Litzlitz language Litzlitz Naman Maragus language Maragus Nasarian language Nasarian Katbol language Katbol Avava Vinmavis language Vinmavis Neve ei Uripiv languague Uripiv A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref fully supported the unity of four Malekula Central languages, dividing them into two groups, Tape Naman, and Neve ei Avava. References Reflist Category Languages of Vanuatu ... more details
Infobox Language family name Santo Malekula region Espiritu Santo and Malakula , Vanuatu familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Eastern Oceanic languages Central Eastern fam5 Southern Oceanic languages Southern Oceanic fam6 Vanuatu fam7 North Vanuatu languages North Vanuatu Santo Malekula is a potential group of North Vanuatu languages that emerged from a 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database. ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref The languages were connected at a 90 confidence level. Composition The languages included in the analysis were Santo languages Santo Araki language Araki and Merei language Merei , West Santo languages, and Sakao language Sakao , an East Santo language. Fully supported as a unit. Merei is perhaps 60 confidence closer to Sakao than to Araki. Nese language Nese , a Coastal Malekula language. It may 70 confidence be closer to the rest of the Malekula languages than to Santo. Malekula languages Malekula , without Nese, fully supported as a unit. Nahavaq language Nahavaq N ti a Coastal and an Interior Malekula language, fully supported as a unit. Malekula Central languages , fully supported as a unit. References Reflist Category Languages of Vanuatu Category North Vanuatu languages au lang stub ... more details
Infobox Language family name Malekula region Malakula , Vanuatu familycolor Austronesian fam2 Malayo Polynesian languages Malayo Polynesian fam3 Oceanic languages Oceanic fam4 Central Eastern Oceanic languages Central Eastern fam5 Southern Oceanic languages Southern Oceanic fam6 Vanuatu fam7 North Vanuatu languages North Vanuatu fam8 Santo Malekula languages Santo Malekula The two dozen Malekula languages are a group or groups of the North Vanuatu languages . Languages The Malekula languages have been divided into interior and coastal groups. However, this classification is not well supported. According to a 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database, ref http language.psy.auckland.ac.nz austronesian research.php Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database ref the interior and some of the coastal languages, such as Nahavaq language Nahavaq , are related as a group, whereas the analysis found 70 support for including the coastal Nese language . Confidence was higher 90 for the Santo Malekula languages . The traditional classification is, Interior Labo language Labo Malekula Central languages Big Nambas language Big Nambas Lingarak language Lingarak Larevat language Larevat Litzlitz language Litzlitz Naman Maragus language Maragus Nasarian language Nasarian Katbol language Katbol Avava Vinmavis language Vinmavis Neve ei Small Nambas languages Dixon Reef language Dixon Reef Letemboi language Letemboi Repanbitip language Repanbitip Coastal Axamb language Axamb Aulua language Aulua Maskelynes language Maskelynes Malua Bay language Malua Bay Malfaxal language Malfaxal Mae language Mae Mpotovoro language Mpotovoro Unua language Unua Rerep language Rerep Port Sandwich language Port Sandwich Nahavaq language Nahavaq South West Bay Uripiv language Uripiv Wala Rano language Wala Rano Atchin language Atchin dialect chain Vao language Vao Burmbar language Burmbar Nese language Nese References Reflist Category Languages of Vanuatu Category North Vanuatu languages au lang ... more details
Image Nh map.png right 300px This is a list of islands of Vanuatu by provinces of Vanuatu province , largely from north to south, subdivided by archipelago when appropriate. Vanuatu is usually said to contain 83 islands. Torba Province Torres Islands Hiw Island Hiw Metoma uninhabited, but formerly inhabited Tegua Ngwel uninhabited Linua Lo island Lo Toga island Toga Banks Islands Vet Tagde Ureparapara Rowa Islands Reef Islands Enwut uninhabited Lemeur Vanua Lava Kwakea Leneu Nawila Ravenga Gaua Santa Maria Island Mota island Mota Mota Lava Saddle Ra island Merig Mere Lava Sanma Province Espiritu Santo Araki Island Elephant Island Vanuatu Elephant Island Malohu Oyster Island Vanuatu Oyster Island Sakao Island Sakao Tangoa Bokissa Malo island Malo Asuleka Aore Tutuba Mavea Lathi island Lathi Penama Province Pentecost Island Ambae Aoba Maewo Malampa Province Malakula Areso Island Areso Maskelynes Islands Avokh Leumanang Uliveo Vulai Norsup Sowan Tommam Uri Island Uri Uripiv Varo Island Varo Walo Island Walo Ambrym Paama Lopevi uninhabited Rano Atchin Vao island Vao Shefa Province Epi island Epi Lamen island Lamen Namuka uninhabited Tefala Shepherd Islands Laika island Laika Tongoa Kuwae Kuwa Tongariki Buninga Emae Mai Makura island Makura Emwae Mataso Matah Monument island Monument tarik Ewose uninhabited Falea Wot Island Wot Efate Nguna Emao Moso island Moso Verao Lelepa Erakor Eratap Castaway Island Mele island Mele Hideaway Island Irifa Iririki Kakula Island Kakula uninhabited Pele island Pele Tafea Province Tanna island Tanna Aniwa Island Aniwa Futuna Island, Vanuatu Futuna Erromango Goat Island uninhabited Vete Manung uninhabited Anatom Inyeug Airport of Anatom Matthew Island uninhabited, claimed by New Caledonia Hunter Island uninhabited, claimed by New Caledonia External links http www.travel.vu islands.html Islands of Vanuatu Oceania topic List of islands of Category Islands of Vanuatu Islands of Vanuatu Category Lists of islands Vanuatu Category Vanuatu rela ... more details
The name Chestnut bellied Kingfisher can also refer to the Grey headed Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala of Africa. Taxobox name Vanuatu Kingfisher status NT status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis bird Aves ordo Coraciiformes familia Halcyonidae genus Todiramphus species T. farquhari binomial Todiramphus farquhari binomial authority Richard Bowdler Sharpe Sharpe , 1899 The Vanuatu Kingfisher or Chestnut bellied Kingfisher Todiramphus farquhari is a medium sized kingfisher found only on the islands of Espiritu Santo , Malo Island Malo and Malakula in Vanuatu . It is dark blue above with richly coloured orange underparts. There is a white spot in front of the eye and a broad black band on the side of the head. It has a white throat and collar. It measures 19 21cm in length and weighs 32 42 grams. The call is a series of loud, shrill, piping notes. The only other kingfisher in Vanuatu is the Collared Kingfisher which has paler blue green upperparts, whiter underparts and a buff stripe above the eye. The Vanuatu Kingfisher mainly eats insects, especially beetles, and will also take spiders and small lizards. It usually hunts by perching on a branch and waiting for prey to appear. When it spots something it flies into the air or dives down to the ground or a tree trunk to catch it. The nest is sometimes built in a hole in a palm tree or tree fern but usually a pair will excavate a burrow in a termite mound in a tree. They dig with their large bill and clear out material with their feet. After about fifteen days the burrow is completed and the termites seal off their sections. Three or four white eggs are laid. The breeding season is mostly from November to February with eggs laid in December. The birds mainly inhabit dense Vanuatu rain forests rainforest in the interior of the islands, particularly above 200m. They are thought to be declining due to loss and degradation of the forest. References IUCN2006 assessors BirdLife International yea ... more details
Elis Lapenmal born 6 September 1987 in Malakula is a ni Vanuatu Sprint race sprinter . Competing at the World Athletics Championships in 2007, Lapenmal ran the 100 metres in 13.10 seconds. ref http www.lequipe.fr Athletisme AthletismeFicheAthlete11176.html Elis Lapenmal , L Equipe ref She won a silver medal at the South Pacific Mini Games , and qualified as a wild card sports wildcard entry to Vanuatu at the 2008 Summer Olympics represent Vanuatu in the 100 metres event at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . ref http www.radioaustralia.net.au news stories 200805 s2238084.htm?tab sport Vanuatu table tennis gets Olympic invitation , ABC Radio Australia, May 7, 2008 ref Prior to the Beijing Games, the United Kingdom British newspaper The Guardian described her, along with Palestine at the 2008 Summer Olympics Palestine s Hamza Abdu , as one of the Games underdogs , ref http www.guardian.co.uk sport 2008 jun 29 olympicgames2008.olympicgames1 A to Z of the Olympics , The Guardian , June 29, 2008. The Guardian mistakenly identified Lapenmal as a male athlete. ref and as such she has also been described as a potential successor to Eric Moussambani Eric Moussambani . ref http www.france24.com en 20080706 lovable losers olympic ideal or waste space Lovable losers the Olympic ideal or waste of space , AFP, July 6, 2008 ref In her first round heat in Beijing she placed eighth and last in a time of 13.31 which was not enough to advance to the second round. ref name beijing http results.beijing2008.cn WRM ENG BIO Athlete 8 8003858.shtml Athlete biography Elis Lapenmal , beijing2008.cn, ret Aug 27, 2008 ref References iaaf name id 237268 http results.beijing2008.cn WRM ENG BIO Athlete 8 8003858.shtml Biography on the website of the Beijing Olympics reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Lapenmal, Elis ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 6 September 1987 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Lapenmal, Elis Category 1987 births ... more details
Vanuatu , officially known as the Republic of Vanuatu , is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean . The archipelago , which is of volcanic origin, is some convert 1750 km mi east of northern Australia , convert 500 km mi north east of New Caledonia , west of Fiji , and southeast of the Solomon Islands , near New Guinea. The nation s largest town and the capital Port Vila is situated on Efate Island. Topics related to Vanuatu arranged alphabetically include compactTOC2 A Abma language Air Vanuatu Ambrym Aniwa Island Aquaculture in Vanuatu Araki language B Banks Islands Bauerfield International Airport Big Nambas language Bislama C Central Vanuatu languages Coat of arms of Vanuatu D Demographics of Vanuatu E East Ambae language East Vanuatu languages Eastern Gemini Seamount Economy of Vanuatu Edward Natapei Efate Epi island Erakor Golden Star Erromango Espiritu Santo F Flag of Vanuatu Futuna Island, Vanuatu G Geography of Vanuatu H History of Vanuatu I Empty section date July 2010 J Josias Moli K Kalkot Mataskelekele Kava L Lamen Bay Airport Lamenu Baki languages Languages of Vanuatu Literature of Vanuatu Luganville M Maewo Malakula Malampa Province Malo Island Mota language Mount Tabwemasana Mount Yasur N New Hebrides National United Party Vanuatu North Efate language Northern Vanuatu languages O Empty section date July 2010 P Paama Paama language Parliament of Vanuatu Penama Province Pentecost Island Port Vila Q Empty section date July 2010 R Religion in Vanuatu Reserve Bank of Vanuatu Rugby union in Vanuatu S Sanma Province Santo languages Santo Pekoa International Airport Serge Vohor Shefa Province Shepherd Islands South Efate language Survivor Vanuatu T Tamambo language Tafea Province Tangoa language Tari Bunia Bank Tolomako language Torba Province Torres Islands U Union of Moderate Parties V Vanua Lava Vanua aku Pati Vanuatu at the Commonwealth Games Vanuatu at the Olympics Vanuatu Council of Trade Unions Vanuatu Football Federation Vanuatu Labour P ... more details
island Epi Ringdove Shefa Province Shefa align right 451 align right 3,000 Malakula Lakatoro Malampa ... Central District 2 New Hebrides Central District 2 br Mal koula Lamap Ambrym , Malakula ... more details
File Malakula funeral masks.jpg thumb upright Funeral masks, MalakulaMalakula Island . File Wooden slit drums from Vanuatu, Bernice P. Bishop Museum.JPG thumb upright Wooden slit drum s from Vanuatu , Bernice P. Bishop Museum This article presents an overview of the culture of Vanuatu . Social system and customs Vanuatu culture retains a strong diversity through local regional variations and through foreign influence. Vanuatu may be divided into three major cultural regions. In the north, wealth is established by how much one can give away. Pigs, particularly those with rounded tusk s, are considered a symbol of wealth throughout Vanuatu. In the centre, more traditional Melanesian cultural systems dominate. In the south, a system involving grants of title with associated privileges has developed. ref name tourism cite web publisher http www.vanuatutourism.com Vanuatu Tourism Office url http www.vanuatutourism.com vanuatu export sites VTO en culture culture.html title Culture of Vanuatu accessdate 2007 07 16 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070520205556 http www.vanuatutourism.com vanuatu export sites VTO en culture culture.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate 2007 05 20 ref Young men undergo various coming of age ceremonies and rituals to initiate them into manhood, usually including circumcision . Music main Music of Vanuatu File Port Vila street band.jpg thumb left Locals performing in street band Traditional music known in Bislama as kastom singsing or kastom tanis is still thriving in the rural areas of Vanuatu. Musical instruments consist mostly of idiophone s drums of various shape and size, slit gong s, as well as Rattle percussion rattle s, among others. In various regions, aerophone s, such as whistles or bamboo flutes, are or used to be played membranophone s and chordophone s were also found in some areas, but have fallen into disuse during colonial times. The large slit gongs which symbolize Vanuatu belong to these traditional instruments they were ... more details
Infobox mountain name Ambrym photo ambrym volcano.jpg photo caption Ash plume from Ambrym Volcano, October 4, 2004 elevation m 1334 elevation ref ref name gvp prominence listing location Vanuatu range coordinates Coord 16 15 S 168 7 E region VU type mountain display inline,title coordinates ref ref name gvp topo type Pyroclastic shield ref name gvp age volcanic arc belt New Hebrides arc ref name gvp last eruption 2010 ongoing ref name gvp first ascent easiest route File Ambrym woodcarver.jpg thumb An Ambrym woodcarver, circa 1925 Ambrym is an island in the archipelago of Vanuatu formerly known as the New Hebrides . It is well known for its highly active volcanic activity that includes lava lake formation. With convert 677.7 km2 mi2 of surface area, it is the fifth largest island in the country. Several times per century, Ambrym volcano has destructive eruptions. The summit of the volcano contains a desert like caldera which covers an area of convert 100 km2 mi2 . With the neighbour island of Malakula and a few smaller islands, it forms Malampa Province . Its largest settlement is the village of Eas. The population of 10,000 inhabitants lives mainly off coconut plantations. Mountains and volcanoes Ambrym is the site of two active volcanic cones, ref name gvp cite gvp vnum 0507 04 title Ambrym ref Benbow volcano Benbow and Marum volcano Marum also spelled Maroum . The center of the island is dominated by a massive 1900 year old convert 12 km mi convert 8 km mi caldera that hosts multiple craters, and the rest of the caldera floor is ash plain, barren because of natural acid rain . Mt Benbow last erupted in 1913, causing the evacuation of the population to Mele, near Port Vila on Efate . Nearby small islands to the south Paama with villages of Liro and Loulep Lopevi with villages of Holen and Halos now abandoned Towns and cities Fali, Vanuatu Fali Craig Cove Baiap Sesivi Emiotungan Polibetakever Lolibulo Linboul Liro Loulep Olal Ranuetlam Ranon, Vanuatu Ranon Port Vato ... more details
Coord 16 28 S 168 13 E region VU type isle display title Image Paamamap.png thumb 250px Paama, neighbouring islands and main centres Paama Paama language Voum ref Crowley, Terry. 1982. The Paamese Language of Vanuatu. Pacific Linguistics, Series B No. 87. Canberra ANU Printing Services. ref is a small island in the Malampa Province , Vanuatu . The island is about 8 km from north to south and only 5 km or so at its widest point. The island is dominated by hills, rising to a height of around 550 m in the north. Today the majority of people living on Paama live in villages close to the coast of the island and make their gardens on the hillsides nearby. Agricultural produce is by and large for subsistence although some is exported for sale in Port Vila Vanuatu s capital on fat and Luganville on Espiritu Santo . Paama lies a short distance south of Ambrym , a little further east of Malakula , about 7 km west of the large active volcano Lop vi Ulvae, in the vernacular see Crowley 1982 , and a short distance north of the island of Epi island Epi . During daylight, all of Paama s neighbouring islands are clearly visible from various locations on the island. Indeed, on a clear night the red glow of Ambrym s twin volcanos can be seen clearly from the black sand beach at Liro. The now uninhabited island of Lopevi dominates the view east from the village of Lulep, on the northeast coast of the island. This active volcano is reasonably regular, erupting every two years or so, causing quite serious problems for those living in the villages of Lulep and Luli in the northeast of the island. The acid ic volcanic ash falls onto gardens, ruining crops, and onto the natangura sago palm thatched roofs, rotting it. In the northern part of the island there is a grass strip airport , based at the village of Tavie. Landing and taking off from this airport is not for the faint hearted it is one of the shortest airstrips in the whole of Vanuatu. removed until it can be v ... more details
Vanuatu has three official languages, English language English , French language French , and Bislama , a creole language evolved from English. Bislama is the first language of many urban ni Vanuatu , that is, the residents of Port Vila and Luganville . It is the most common second language elsewhere in the Vanuatu islands. It is similar to Tok Pisin of Papua New Guinea , and other nearby creoles. In addition, however, there are over one hundred local languages spread over the archipelago. Vanuatu is considered to be the country with the highest density of languages per capita in the world, with an average of about 2,000 speakers for each indigenous language only Papua New Guinea comes close. Some of these languages are very endangered language endangered , with only a handful of speakers, and indeed several have become extinct language extinct in recent times. Generally however, despite the low numbers for most of the indigenous languages, they are not considered especially vulnerable for extinction. ref Daniel Nettle and Suzanne Romaine. Vanishing Voices The Extinction of the World s Languages . Oxford Oxford University Press, 2000. Page 9. ref All of the indigenous languages of Vanuatu are in the Austronesian language family. Most of them are in the group of North and Central Vanuatu languages . The Melanesian languages of Tafea province in the south are South Vanuatu languages . Many of the languages are named after the island they are spoken on, though some of the larger islands have several different languages. Espiritu Santo and Malakula are the most linguistically diverse, with about two dozen languages each. Many of these languages are very little studied. There are three Polynesian outlier languages, Emae on the island of the same name, Mele Fila language Mele Fila on the southern part of Efate , and West Futunan language West Futunan on West Futuna and Aniwa Island Aniwa . These are all Futunic languages . According to Ethnologue s somewhat outdated stati ... more details
Image Cr neo deformado atacame o M. Am rica Inv.76 1 131 01.jpg thumb lerightft Skull deformed for Beauty aesthetic reasons Atacame o Culture, 260 300 CE . Image Kane Caw Wacham.jpg right thumb Painting by Paul Kane , showing a Chinookan child in the process of having its head flattened, and an adult after the process. Artificial cranial deformation , head flattening , or head binding is any practice of intentionally deforming the skull of a human being. It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child s skull by applying force. Flat shapes, elongated ones produced by binding between two pieces of wood , rounded ones binding in cloth and conical ones are among those chosen. It is typically carried out on an infant , as the skull is most pliable at this time. In a typical case, headbinding begins approximately a month after birth and continues for about six months. Usually it is a part of a cultural ritual , aimed at creating a skull shape which is aesthetically more pleasing or associated with desirable attributes such as intelligence. For example, in the Nahai speaking area of Tomman Island and the south south western Malakula n, a person with a finely elongated head is thought to be more intelligent, of higher status, and closer to the world of the spirits. History Image Potosi D cembre 2007 La Moneda 2.jpg thumb right Inca skull Image Mayancranialmodification.jpg thumb right Maya peoples Maya modified skull exhibited at the Museo Nacional de Antropolog a e Historia , M xico. Intentional head molding producing extreme cranial deformations was once commonly practiced worldwide. Citation needed date June 2009 Although rarer today, it is still prevalent in very few groups, like the Vanuatu. It is a form of permanent body modification. The earliest known culture to bind their children s heads were the ancient Egyptians of the third millennium BC. The Egyptian King Tutankhamen had an elongated head. Citation needed date March 2011 Early examples of intentional Hum ... more details
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