- Maladaptation
Unreferenced date August 2007 A maladaptation is a trait that is or has become more harmful than helpful. It is a term used when discussing both humans and animal s in fields such as evolutionary biology , biology , psychology where it applies to behaviors and other learned survival mechanisms , sociology , and other fields where adaptation and responsive change may occur. Like adaptation, it may be viewed as occurring over geological time, or within the lifetime of one individual or a group. It can also signify an adaptation that, whilst reasonable at the time, has become less and less suitable and more of a problem or hindrance in its own right, as time goes on. This is because it is possible for an adaptation to be poorly selected or become less appropriate or even become on balance more of a dysfunction than a positive adaptation, over time. Note that the concept of maladaptation, as initially discussed in a late 19th century context, is based on a flawed view of evolutionary theory . It was believed that an inherent tendency for an organism s adaptations to degeneration degenerate would translate into maladaptations soon become crippling if not weeded out see also Eugenics . In reality, the advantages conferred by any one adaptation are rarely decisive for survival on its own but rather balanced against other synergistic and antagonistic adaptations, which consequently cannot change without affecting others. In other words, it is usually impossible to gain an advantageous adaptation without incurring maladaptations . Consider a seemingly trivial example it is apparently extremely hard for an animal to evolve the ability to breathe well in air and in water. Better adapting to one means being less able to do the other. Examples for maladaptations During periods of climate change , such as global warming or cooling, species that were well adapted in the original climate may be maladapted to the new climate and die out, if they are prevented from shifting their range ... more details
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- Alfred J. Lewy
Please See naming conventions at WP MOSBIO, do not add details like Dr. or PhD Alfred J. Lewy , graduated from University of Chicago , in 1973 after studying Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Ophthalmology. He is a full professor and Vice Chair of the department of Psychiatry at OHSU , Oregon Health & Science University , and holds an MD and PhD. Prior to moving to Oregon in 1981, Lewy was at the National Institute of Mental Health NIMH in Bethesda, Maryland, working with senior colleague Thomas A Wehr . ref cite journal last Bhattacharjee first Yudhijit date 14 September 2007 title Is Internal Timing Key to Mental Health? journal ScienceMag volume 317 pages 1488 90 publisher AAAS location issn pmid doi bibcode oclc id url http www.ohsu.edu ohsuedu academic som images Al Lewy Science.pdf format PDF accessdate 2008 02 18 quote incl. photo of A.J.Lewy ref In Oregon he has worked closely with Robert L. Sack . As of December 2005, he had 94 publications available on Pubmed . He describes his research as follows My laboratory studies chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders. These disorders include winter clinical depression depression , jet lag , maladaptation to shift work and certain types of sleep disturbances. Relying on a very precise assay for blood plasma plasma melatonin a hormone that has a clearly defined 24 hour pattern of secretion , biological rhythm disorders can be assessed and their treatment can be monitored. Current research is focused on developing bright light exposure and melatonin administration as treatment modalities for these disorders. Treatment must be precisely scheduled. Morning light exposure and evening melatonin administration cause circadian phase advance shifts evening light exposure and morning melatonin administration cause circadian phase delay shifts. Totally blindness blind individuals have 25 hour circadian rhythms, drifting an hour later each day, unless they take a melatonin capsule at a certain time every day. ref cite web url http w ... more details
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- Index of evolutionary biology articles
The Major Transitions in Evolution maladaptation mass extinctions mating systems John Maynard Smith ... more details
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- Provenance
population maladaptation can be driven by natural processes ref name Gould & Lewontin 1979 3. human actions of habitat fragmentation drive maladaptation up and adaptive potential down ref Willi Y, Van ... more details
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- Dance Dance Revolution DVD Game
to maladaptation . Rather, the Dance Dance Revolution DVD Game instruction booklet sets up a subjective ... more details
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- Ghost sickness
to process grief through traditional rituals. ref Jacobs, S. 1993 . Pathologic grief Maladaptation ... more details
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- Ecological trap
and ultimate basis for maladaptation in general citation needed date September 2008 see Crespi ... first1 B.J. year 2001 title The evolution of maladaptation url journal Heredity volume 84 issue pages ... more details
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- Five Dhyani Buddhas
Mudra Gestures Means Maladaptation to Stress Season align right Buddha Vairocana align center white ... more details
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- Spiral Dynamics
or maladaptation, congruence or ineffectiveness are more to the point. Psychopathology potentially exists ... more details
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- Irish Elk
through forested regions or that it was by some other means a maladaptation see Gould 1974 . But evidence ... more details
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- Adaptation model of nursing
of maladaptation. Then, the nurse focuses the assessment on the stimuli influencing the family ... more details
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- The Pilgrim of Hate
of Brother Cadfael. Sometimes referred to as a maladaptation, this episode bears almost no resemblance ... more details
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- Adaptation to global warming
adaptation takes place in relation to short term climate variability, however this may cause maladaptation .... Sinai desert due to a period of higher river flows is a maladaptation when viewed in relation to the longer ... of climate impacts complicates the development of adaptation policy. Maladaptation can result in negative ... more details
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- Political ecology
of political economy as a force of maladaptation and instability 2005, p. 74 . Political ecology ... more details
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- Vestigiality
journal Science New Series, Vol. 113 465 ref See also Atavism Dewclaw Maladaptation Are these a subclass ... more details
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- Anchoring (NLP)
positive impact, or be maladaptation maladaptive .There are two broad types of anchors Negative or unpleasant ... more details
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- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Lysenkoism Maladaptation Neutral theory of molecular evolution Phenotypic plasticity Preadaptation Society ... more details
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- Analytical psychology
over one s person. Jung proposed that this occurs through maladaptation to one s external or internal ... more details
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- Pre-eclampsia
name Dekk9618714 cite journal author Dekker GA, Robillard PY, Hulsey TC title Immune maladaptation ... more details
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- Adaptation
used to be an adaptation to become unnecessary or even a hindrance maladaptation s . Such adaptations ... more details
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- Barbara Gittings
or maladaptation or other kind of psychic sickness. And in our society sick people, by any definition ... more details
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- Natural selection
Other uses Natural Selection disambiguation Template Evolutionary biology Natural selection is the term in biology for the process by which trait biology biologic traits become more or less common in a population due to consistent effects upon the survival or reproduction of their bearers. It is a key mechanism of evolution . The natural genetic variation within a population of organisms may cause some individuals to survive and reproduce more successfully than others in their current ecosystem environment . For example, the peppered moth exists in both light and dark colours in the United Kingdom , but during the industrial revolution many of the trees on which the moths rested became blackened by soot Citation needed date February 2011 , giving the dark colored moths an advantage in hiding from predator s. This gave dark colored moths a better chance of surviving to produce dark colored offspring, and in just a few generations the majority of the moths were dark Citation needed date February 2011 . Factors which affect reproductive success are also important, an issue which Charles Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection . Natural selection acts on the phenotype , or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the Genetics genetic heritable basis of any phenotype which gives a reproductive advantage will become more common in a population see allele frequency . Over time, this process can result in adaptation s that specialize population s for particular ecological niche s and may eventually result in the speciation emergence of new species . In other words, natural selection is an important process though not the only process by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. As opposed to artificial selection , in which humans favor specific traits, in natural selection the environment acts as a sieve through which only certain variations can pass. Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology . The term was introd ... more details
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- Tasmanian Aborigines
of a maladaptation maladaptive society while others argue that the change was economic as large ... more details
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- Paleolithic diet
and metabolic maladaptation s result from the suboptimal genetic adaptations to the contemporary ... more details
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- Criticism of religion
memes. In this context, religion is criticized for being Maladaptation maladaptive in that it can cause ... more details
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