elements, each of which is a list of two symbols. An Mexpression could also use operator names, meta ... would take as input an S expression encoding of an Mexpression, and execute the Mexpression program encoded by that S expression. Here are a few examples of M expressions and their encodings ... with hand compiling particular functions while the Mexpression sublanguage was still tentative. However ... language uses a syntax similar to the original Mexpression syntax, where lists can be written using braces which can also be written using Mexpression notation , and functions using M expressions ...In computer programming, M expressions or meta expressions were intended to be the expressions used to write ... using M expressions was to be written using S expressions . M expressions were used for the original ... encodings of M expressions as S expressions, and M expressions were never actually implemented. cquote2 The project of defining M expressions precisely and compiling them or at least translating ... jmc history lisp lisp.html History of Lisp Historical relation to S expressions An S expression ... eval code would be in effect a full implementation of S expression encoded Lisp as an interpreter ... many year compiler construction &mdash and a community of S expression Lisp programmers quickly developed. M expressions fell into neglect, and were never implemented. Later use of M expressions While ... MLISP is one example , some of which use M expressions, such dialects generally lack the homoiconicity .... Exceptions to this include Logo programming language Logo , which could be considered loosely to be an Mexpression Lisp. Several other languages, such as Dylan programming language Dylan and Ruby ... both S expressions and M expressions. There is also an http www.informatimago.com develop lisp small cl pgms mexpression implementation of a interpreter for M LISP in Common Lisp , which evaluates M Expressions. Variants The syntax of ML programming language ML Metalanguage , a functional programming ... more details
were originally intended only for data to be manipulated by Mexpression s, but the first implementation of Lisp was an interpreter of S expression encodings of M expressions, and Lisp programmers ... implementing the format. See also Mexpression car and cdr cons Canonical S expressions ...Citations missing date August 2010 S expression s or sexp s for symbolic expression are List computing list based data structures that represent semi structured data . An S expression may be a nested list ... the Boolean logic Boolean expression commonly written as code 4 2 2 code in C programming language C and its related programming languages. In Lisp, the first element of every S expression is an operator ..., the term S expression in casual conversation often refers to the written representation of an S expression ... Lisp symbols are all atoms. An S expression may be a list of other S expressions, which may also be lists, so S expressions may be arbitrarily nested to any depth. In Lisp, S expression lists are constructed ... marmalade code is a two element S expression whose elements are also two element S expressions. The whitespace ... usually qualify as separators. A non atomic S expression in which the second element is an atom other ... is defined recursively as an s expression in which the second element is either a dotted pair or another ... is defined as either the reserved atom code nil code , or a non atomic s expression in which the second element is a list. Example This is a simple grammar written as an s expression Gazdar Melish ... reads the textual representation of an s expression and returns Lisp data. The function PRINT can be used to output an s expression. The output then can be read with the function READ, when all printed ... are valid Lisp programs. code 1.0 3.1 code is a valid s expression, but not a valid Lisp program ... element of the expression . An S expression preceded by a single quotation mark, as in code x code , is syntactic sugar for a quoted S expression, in this case code quote x code . Standardization ... more details
Wiktionarypar expressionExpression may refer to Expression language , a thought communicated by language Expression mathematics , a finite combination of symbols that are well formed according to applicable rules Expression programming , an instruction to execute something that will return a value Expression album Expression album , an album by John Coltrane Emotional expression , verbal and nonverbal behaviour that communicates emotion Expression crew , a worldwide popular breakdance crew. Facial expression , a movement of the face that conveys emotional state Gene expression , the process by which information from a gene is used in biochemistry Regular expression , a means of matching strings of text in computing Microsoft Expression Studio , a digital media and graphic design software suite for computers. Ex pression College for Digital Arts , a small version of Full Sail University, based in Emeryville, California Artificial discharge of breast milk see breastfeeding Expression marks, in music notation for articulation, dynamics, octaves, ornaments, or tempo see dynamics music Expressions , the annual magazine of Vidyalankar Institute of Technology , Mumbai, India disambig de Expression fr Expression it Espressione nl Expressie ja pl Ekspresja ksh U drock ru sv Uttryck ... more details
Infobox musical artist Name The Expression Img Img capt Img size Background group or band Alias Origin ... Past members Refer Member list The Expression were an Australian synthpop band formed in Sydney, New ... ARIA Charts charts in mid 1988. ref History The Expression formed in Sydney during 1981, although three ... Australian Rock Database title The Expression url http hem.passagen.se honga database e expression.html ... South Wales Sydney and formed The Expression, along with Stephen Manassah bass guitar and Steve Hopes ... , Machinations band Machinations . Mushroom Records signed The Expression to a recording deal during ..., The Expression , recorded in Sydney and mixed in New York , was produced by Charles Fisher producer Charles Fisher ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r172775 credits pure url yes title The Expression ... after the live line up of the band splintered, leaving the future of The Expression up in the air. Haran and Dowling opted to continue to work under The Expression banner, and recruited several English ... Rogan Sade band Sade and Wally Brill. ref cite web url http www.discogs.com Expression Conscience release 953649 title The Expression Conscience publisher Discogs accessdate 2009 05 08 ref In March 1984 ... elapsed before the next single from The Expression saw the light of day. Small Brave Land was released in July 1985 and was quickly followed by The Expression s second album Conscience , but neither ... OzRockDb but by late 1985 the ever evolving contemporary music scene had left The Expression behind, and soon thereafter the band called it a day. In 2006, The Expression s two original albums were ... www.clubtalk.com.au wiig test wiignew Wiir Artist.asp?A 12&C 20 title The Expression Conscience ... The Expression Rare & Un Released publisher What It Is Records accessdate 2009 05 08 Dead link date ... Kent small Present Communication &mdash March 1984 Small Brave Land &mdash July 1985 Albums The Expression ... artist Expression 2C The The Expression discography Discogs http musicbrainz.org artist ... more details
of Expression in Pianoforte Playing ref ref Lussy, M., 1892, http books.google.com books?id its5AAAAIAAJ Musical Expression Accents, Nuances, and Tempo, in Vocal and Instrumental Music ref ref Darwin, C., 1910, http books.google.com books?id KRULAAAAIAAJ The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals ...Musical expression is the art of playing music with communication. The elements of music that comprise expression include dynamic indications, forte or piano, Musical phrasing phrasing , differing qualities of touch and articulation, color, intensity, energy and excitement all at the service of the composer s intention as best perceived by the performer. A performer aims to elicit responses of sympathetic feeling in the audience, and to excite, calm or otherwise manipulate the audience s physical and emotional responses. In a great artist, one can feel that it is the soul that is speaking, in lesser artists, the ego. In non artist performances, one can sometimes sense the soul of the composer in the absence of interpretation. Expression can be closely related to breath, and the voice s natural ability to express feelings, sentiment, deep emotions. Whether these can somehow be categorized is perhaps the realm of academics, who view expression as an element of musical performance which embodies ... response in its listeners. ref London, J., http www.people.carleton.edu jlondon musical expression and mus.htm Musical Expression and Musical Meaning in Context . ref The emotional content of musical expression is distinct from the emotional content of specific sounds e.g., a startlingly loud bang ... its context. The components of musical expression continue to be the subject of extensive and unresolved dispute. ref Avison, C., 1752, http books.google.com books?id 8HmH5DJKhlwC Essay on Musical Expression ... Expression A Philosophical and Psychological Study ref ref Davies, S., 1994, http books.google.com books?id S5RE RxokUQC Musical Meaning and Expression ref See also Musical phrasing Tempo rubato References ... more details
Integral expression may refer to Integral equation More generally, a mathematical expression involving one or more integral s Integer polynomial mathdab zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Ectopic expression is the expression of a gene in an abnormal place in an organism. This can be caused by a disease, or it can be artificially produced as a way to help determine what the function of that gene is. Ectopic expression of a gene can be done by introducing a transgene with a modified promoter biology promoter into the target organism transient or stable transfection or by using the GAL4 UAS system Gal4 UAS system. Ectopic expression is used to gain further understanding of the gene s functions. References DEFAULTSORT Ectopic Expression Genetics stub Category Gene expression ... more details
In query language s, path expressions identify an object by describing how to navigate to it in some Graph data structure graph possibly implicit graph implicit of objects. For example, the path expression code p .Manager.Home.City code might refer the city of residence of someone s manager. Path expressions have been extended to support regular expression like flexibility. XPath is an example of a path expression language. In concurrency control , path expressions are a mechanism for expressing permitted sequences of execution. For example, a path expression like code read , write code might specify that either multiple simultaneous executions of code read code or a single execution of code write code but not both are allowed at any point in time. See also Object database References cite conference author M. Kifer, W. Kim, and Y. Sagiv title Querying Object Oriented Databases booktitle Proc. of the ACM SIGMOD year 1992 pages 393 402 cite journal author Elisa Bertino , Mauro Negri, Giuseppe Pelagatti, and Licia Sbattella title Object Oriented Query Languages The Notion and the Issues journal IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering year June 1992 volume 4 issue 3 pages 223 236 doi 10.1109 69.142014 cite conference author R. Campbell and R. Kolstad title Path Expressions in Pascal booktitle Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Software Engineering year 1979 Volume 4 pages 212 219 cite conference author Tony Bloom title Evaluating Synchronization Mechanisms booktitle Proceedings of the seventh ACM symposium on Operating systems principles year 1979 pages 24 32 Category Concurrency control Category Programming constructs Comp sci stub ... more details
about vocabulary Glossary of gene expression terms a non technical introduction to the topic Introduction .... Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional ... of gene expression is used by all known life eukaryotes including multicellular organisms , prokaryotes ... for life. Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription ... of a protein. Regulation of gene expression Gene regulation gives the cell biology cell ... for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have ... , gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype . The genetic code stored in DNA is interpreted by gene expression, and the properties of the expression ... is set of enzymatic reactions that add 7 methylguanosine m sup 7 sup G to the 5 end of pre mRNA and thus protect the RNA from degradation by exonucleases . The m sup 7 sup G cap is then bound by cap ... into different proteins, splicing extends the complexity of eukaryotic gene expression. Extensive RNA ... by the tRNase Z enzyme ref name pmid17305600 cite journal author Ceballos M, Vioque A title tRNase ... unstructured proteins may remain unfolded ref cite book author Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko ... author Hebert DN, Molinari M title In and out of the ER protein folding, quality control, degradation ... M, et al title Secretion without Golgi journal J. Cell. Biochem. volume 103 issue 5 pages 1327 43 year 2008 month April pmid 17786931 pmc 2613191 doi 10.1002 jcb.21513 ref Regulation of gene expression ... colours of a tortoiseshell cat are the result of different levels of expression of pigmentation genes in different areas of the skin . main Regulation of gene expression Regulation of gene expression ... of expression is vital to allow a cell to produce the gene products it needs when it needs them ... to the cell, etc. Some simple examples of where gene expression is important are Control of Insulin ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2007 Expression cloning is a technique in DNA cloning that uses expression vector s to generate a library of clones, with each clone expressing one protein. This expression library is then screened for the property of interest and clones of interest recovered for further analysis. An example would be using an expression library to isolate genes that could confer antibiotic resistance . Expression vectors Expression vectors are a specialized type of cloning vector in which the transcriptional and translational signals needed for the regulation of the gene of interest are included in the cloning vector. The transcriptional and translational signals may be synthetically created to make the expression of the gene of interest easier to regulate. Purpose Usually the ultimate aim of expression cloning is to produce large quantities of specific protein s. To this end, a bacteria l expression Clone genetics clone may include a ribosome binding site Shine Dalgarno sequence to enhance translation of the gene of interest s mRNA, a Transcription genetics transcription termination sequence, or, in eukaryotes , specific sequences to promote the Posttranslational modification post translational modification of the protein product. See also http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?highlight expression,cloning&rid mcb.section.1637 1646 Molecular cell biology genetics gene expression Transcription genetics translation phage pBR322 Category Molecular genetics genetics stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An expression cassette is made up of one or more gene s and the sequences controlling their expression. Three components comprise an expression cassette a Promoter biology promoter sequence, an open reading frame , and a 3 untranslated region that, in eukaryotes, usually contains a polyadenylation site. The cassette is part of vector DNA used for cloning and Transformation genetics transformation . Different expression cassettes can be transformed into different organisms including bacteria, yeast, plants, and mammalian cells as long as the correct regulatory sequences are used. In each successful transformation, the expression cassette directs the cell s machinery to make RNA and protein. Some expression cassettes are designed for modular cloning of protein encoding sequences so that the same cassette can easily be altered to make different proteins. DEFAULTSORT Expression Cassette Category Genetics Biochem stub de Expressionskassette ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In mathematics , an analytical expression or expression in analytical form is a mathematical expression , constructed using well known operations that lend themselves readily to calculation. As for closed form expression s, the criteria are not precisely defined, but the class of expressions considered to be analytical expressions tends to be wider. In particular, special functions such as the Bessel functions and the gamma function are usually allowed, and often so are Series mathematics Infinite series infinite series and continued fraction s. On the other hand, Limit of a sequence limits in general, and integral s in particular, are typically excluded. DEFAULTSORT Analytical Expression Category Special functions ja zh ... more details
An expression in a programming language is a combination of explicit value computer science value s, Constant programming constants , variable programming variable s, operator programming operator s, and function programming function s that are interpreted according to the particular Order of operations rules of precedence and of association for a particular programming language, which computes and then produces returns , in a state computer science stateful environment another value. This process, like for mathematical expression s, is called evaluation. The value can be of various Data type type s, such as numerical, string, and logical. For example, 2 3 is an arithmetic and programming expression which evaluates to 5. A variable is an expression because it is a pointer to a value in memory, so y 6 is an expression. An example of a relational expression is 4 4 which evaluates to true. ref https developer.mozilla.org en Core JavaScript 1.5 Guide Expressions Javascript expressions, Mozilla Accessed July 6, 2009 ref ref https www.cs.drexel.edu rweaver COURSES ISTC 2 TOPICS expr.html Programming ... to a function with a Void type void return type is a valid expression, of type void. ref http ... 31, 2009 ref Values of type void cannot be used, so the value of such an expression is always thrown away. A function, and hence an expression containing a function, may have Side effect computer science side effect s. An expression with side effects does not normally have the property of referential ... be ended with a semicolon to turn the expression into an expression Statement programming statement . This asks the implementation to evaluate the expression for its side effects only, and disregard the result of the expression. See also Statement programming contrast Boolean expressionExpression mathematics evaluation strategy References reflist External links foldoc Expression DEFAULTSORT Expression ... es Expresi n programaci n fr Expression programmation informatique ko hr Izraz programiranje ... more details
notability date July 2010 Unreferenced date January 2009 Image Face of SpooSpa.jpg thumb A woman with a neutral expression A blank expression is a facial expression characterized by the neutral position of facial features and implies a lack of strong emotion. It may be caused by a lack of emotion , boredom , slight confusion such as when someone refers to something which the listener does not understand a deliberate attempt to disguise one s emotions, such as when playing poker, or a sign of depression. It is also the expression most common while asleep. In poker , this expression is referred to as a poker face . In poker, one does not want others to know if one is holding a good or bad hand of cards, hence the utility of a blank expression. psych stub Category Facial expressions ... more details
the DFA for a regular expression of size m has the time and memory cost of Big O notation O 2 sup ...In computing , a regular expression , also referred to as regex or regexp , provides a concise and flexible ..., or patterns of characters. A regular expression is written in a Formal language Programming languages formal language that can be interpreted by a regular expression processor, a program that either ... be expressed in a regular expression The sequence of characters car appearing consecutively ... of regular expressions. As an example of the syntax, the regular expression code bex code can ... expressing only limited forms of patterns. Basic concepts A regular expression, often called a pattern, is an expression that describes a set of strings. They are usually used to give a concise description ... grep is a word derived from the command for regular expression searching in the ed editor code g re p code where re stands for regular expression ref cite web url http catb.org jargon html G grep.html ... mimic Perl s regular expression functionality and is used by many modern tools including PHP ... expression integration, and to increase their scope and capabilities to allow the definition of parsing expression grammar s. ref name Apocalypse5 harvtxt Wall 2002 ref The result is a mini language called ..., to give a generalized regular expression here R sup c sup matches all strings over that do ... k sup th sup last letter equals a . On the one hand, a regular expression describing L sub 4 sub is given by math a b a a b a b a b math . Generalizing this pattern to L sub k sub gives the expression ... name HopcroftMotwaniUllman01 Finally, it is worth noting that many real world regular expression ... expressions decides whether the described languages are essentially equal, reduces each expression to a minimal ... POSIX Basic Regular Expressions Traditional Unix regular expression syntax followed common conventions ... Regular Expression syntax but provided a common standard which has since been adopted as the default ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In computer science , a Boolean expression is an Expression programming expression in a programming language that produces a Boolean value when evaluated, i.e. one of true or false . A Boolean expression may be composed of a combination of the Boolean constants true or false , Boolean data type Boolean typed variables, Boolean valued operators, and Boolean valued function s. Boolean operators Programmer s will often use a pipe symbol for OR, an ampersand & for AND, and a tilde for NOT. In many programming language s, these symbols stand for bitwise operation s. , && , and are used for variants of these operations. Examples The value for 5 3 is evaluated as true . 5 3 and 3 5 are equivalent Boolean expressions both of which would be evaluated as true . Of course, most Boolean expressions will contain at least one variable X 3 , and often more X Y . See also Expression programming Expression mathematics External links http www.maths.tcd.ie pub HistMath People Boole CalcLogic CalcLogic.html The Calculus of Logic , by George Boole, Cambridge and Dublin Mathematical Journal Vol. III 1848 , pp. 183 98. DEFAULTSORT Boolean Expression Category Boolean algebra da Boolesk udtryk fr Expression bool enne programmation informatique ru ... more details
The Oldsmobile Expression was a 1990 concept car concept vehicle. The Expression was a 4 door wagon that featured fiberglass exterior panels and 6 passenger 2 2 2 seating. Among other features showcased were rain sensing windshield wipers, in car vacuum cleaner , TV VCR with a Nintendo system, and unique four wheel steering. modern auto stub Oldsmobile Category Oldsmobile concept vehicles Expression ... more details
date August 2010 Humans can adopt a facial expression to read as a voluntary action . However, because ... highly unattractive might nevertheless show a brief expression of disgust before being able to reassume a neutral expression. Citation needed date May 2010 Microexpressions are one example of this phenomenon. The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the other direction it has been observed that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion. Citation ... debate Refimprovesect date March 2010 Charles Darwin noted in his book The Expression of the Emotions ... evidence that this emotion and its expression are universally recognized. ref Matsumoto, David 1992 More evidence for the universality of a contempt expression . Motivation and Emotion . Springer Netherlands ... while nursing. ref Spitz, Rene A., and Wolf, K. M. The Smiling Response A Contribution to the Ontogenesis ..., these expressions are the same. However, the same emotion from a specific facial expression may ... nasi muscle Surprise emotion Surprise The muscles of facial expression See also facial muscles ... links Commons category Facial expression http www.gladwell.com 2002 2002 08 05 a face.htm The Naked ... da Mimik de Mimik es Expresi n facial eo Mimiko fr Expression faciale ko hr Mimika id Ekspresi ... more details
An expression vector , otherwise known as an expression construct , is generally a plasmid that is used to introduce a specific gene into a target cell. Once the expression vector is inside the cell, the protein that is Genetic code encoded by the gene is produced by the cellular Transcription genetics transcription and Translation genetics translation machinery ribosome ribosomal complexes . The plasmid is frequently engineered to contain regulatory sequences that act as Enhancer genetics enhancer and Promoter biology promoter regions and lead to efficient transcription of the gene carried on the expression vector. ref http www.sci.sdsu.edu smaloy MicrobialGenetics topics in vitro genetics expression vectors.html sci.sdsu.edu ref The goal of a well designed expression vector is the production of large amounts of stable messenger RNA , and therefore proteins. Expression vectors are basic tools for biotechnology and the production of proteins such as insulin that are important for medical treatments of specific diseases like diabetes . After expression of the gene product, the purification ... or any other marker peptide. Expression vectors are used for molecular biology techniques such as site directed mutagenesis . Cloning vectors , which are very similar to expression vectors, involve the same ... biology gene cloning experiments need not result in the expression of a protein. Expression vectors must have expression signals such as a strong promoter, a strong termination codon, adjustment ... years, expression vectors have been used to introduce specific genes in organism s, especially plants used in agriculture . Expression vectors have been used to introduce a vitamin A precursor, beta ... since it is produced by the modified organism. In addition expression vectors are used to extend ... ref There has been controversy over using expression vectors to modify crops due to the fact that there are unknown ... used as expression vectors for insect cells References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Expression Vector ... more details
Threshold expression is a phenomenon in which phenotypic expression of a mitochondrial disease within an organ system occurs when the severity of the mutation, relative number of mutant mtDNA , and reliance of the organ system on oxidative phosphorylation combine in such a way that ATP production of the tissue falls below the level required by the tissue. The phenotype may be expressed even if the percentage of mutant mtDNA is below 50 if the mutation is severe enough. See also heteroplasmy References Marks basic medical biochemistry a clinical approach By Michael A. Lieberman, Michael Lieberman, Allan D. Marks Page 392 DEFAULTSORT Threshold Expression Category DNA Category Mitochondrial diseases biochem stub ... more details
orphan date September 2009 Wikify date September 2009 A fixed expression in English is a standard form of expression that has taken on a more specific meaning than the expression itself. It is different from a proverb in that it is used as a part of a sentence, and is the standard way of expressing a concept or idea. Examples include all of a sudden come into mind fall in line I can assure you so to speak surf the web trinomials 3 word fixed expressions e.g. lights, camera, action , signed, sealed, delivered . Category Parts of speech ling stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In computer science , especially the languages Ada programming language Ada and C , overloaded expression means that an ambiguous Operator programming operator expression can only be understood based on the context see overloading . In human linguistics , the meaning of a word in a sentence is only clear by its context and usage. For example They saw the wood. In this case, the word saw is an overloaded expression meaning the past tense of to see and is not intended to mean the wood cutting tool . However, in this case, it is not clear if that is what is meant without context. Instances such as this are extremely difficult for Machine translation computer translators to decipher, resulting in some common errors. DEFAULTSORT Overloaded Expression Category Programming constructs Prog lang stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 Heterologous expression is to express a gene or part of a gene in a host organism , which does not naturally have this gene or gene fragment. Category Biotechnology ... more details
Notability date March 2008 Context date October 2009 Expression Direkt is a French rap group. A famous song of theirs is Mon esprit part en couiIIe . 1995 96 The original version Which you can hear in a scene in La Haine is different from the MCM clip which you can also find around. http www.youtube.com watch?v jeZCbzuu0twVideo Clip Category French hip hop groups fr Expression Direkt ... more details
Expert subject Computer science date May 2009 The Expression Problem is a term used in discussing strengths and weaknesses of various programming paradigms and programming languages . The expression problem can be treated as a use case in programming language design . ref name Reynolds cite web title User defined types and procedural data structures as complementary approaches to data abstraction url http www.google.com url?sa U&start 1&q http portal.acm.org citation.cfm 3Fid 3D186680&ei iM3QSdLVNYLoyAWv3szRCQ&usg AFQjCNHnntAxyeeK5SzrnmPiJ77Qgr pSw ref ref name Cook cite web title Object Oriented Programming versues Abstract Data Types url http www.google.com url?sa U&start 1&q http www.cs.utexas.edu users wcook papers OOPvsADT CookOOPvsADT90.pdf&ei Ms7QSYOwAqCyyQXPioHKCQ&usg AFQjCNEx070KUZDcmbDS x3uslsIYSaZCQ ref ref name Synth cite web title Synthesizing Object Oriented and Functional Design to Promote Re Use url http www.google.com url?sa U&start 2&q http citeseer.ist.psu.edu krishnamurthi98synthesizing.html&ei xczQScHyNIvEyQWEv9nWCQ&usg AFQjCNEU3GvIyhjYeU2JndB3Uu3 1olEBQ ref ref name Scala0 cite web title Extensible Algebraic Datatypes with Defaults url http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.28.6778 ref ref name Scala cite web title Independently extensible solutions to the expression problem url http citeseerx.ist.psu.edu viewdoc summary?doi 10.1.1.107.4449 ref Philip Wadler coined the term blockquote The Expression Problem is a new name for an old problem. The goal is to define a datatype by cases, where one can add new cases to the datatype and new functions ..., no casts . ref name Wadler cite web title The Expression Problem url http www.daimi.au.dk madst ... commonly when discussing a language s ability to extend its notion of an expression programming expression ... can solve the Expression Problem is a salient indicator of its capacity for expression. ref name Wadler ref The expression problem is also a fundamental problem in multi dimensional Software Product ... more details
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