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Low Dutch





Encyclopedia results for Low Dutch

  1. Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia

    infobox website name Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia logo Image Wikipedia logo nds nl.png 130px Dutch Low Saxon ... Miami, Florida type Internet encyclopedia project language Dutch Low Saxon registration Optional owner Wikimedia Foundation author Dutch Low Saxon wiki community The Nedersaksische Wikipedie , the Dutch Low Saxon edition of Wikipedia , was started on 24 March 2006. It collects articles written in any Low German dialect indigenous to the Netherlands , as well as dialects from the border region, which are rendered in Dutch based spelling. As of 8 July 2011, there are 4,534 articles. Among other features, there are spoken articles, showcased articles and provincial portals. The Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia has been cited in the Dutch press, and Low Saxon institutes in the Netherlands have noted ... on Dutch Low Saxon writers, do not exist on any other Wikipedia. Existing illustrations on Wikimedia ... of Wikipedias list of Wikipedias , the Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia has a relatively large number of edits ... wiki List of Wikipedias List of Wikipedias retrieved 26 October 2007 ref History The Dutch Low .... The eventual creation of a Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia was delayed for many months due to discussion ... Wikipedia Dutch Low Saxon Requests for new languages Wikipedia Dutch Low Saxon ref Throughout its existence, the number of structural contributors to the Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia has remained low .... Accommodation of the various dialects Once created, the Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia took off well, with arrangements ... code nds nl Dutch Low Saxon http nds nl.wikipedia.org Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia Dutch Low Saxon http nds nl.m.wikipedia.org Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia mobile version Homepage not yet configured ... Dutch newspaper de Stentor Dutch ref ref http www.stellingwerfs eigen.nl Liende Liende 06 09.pdf Article from the Stellingwarfs foundation Stellingwerfs Eigen pdf, Low Saxon ref ref http www.drentsetaol.nl old neis old neis2006.htm Mention by the Dr ents foundation Drentse Taol Low Saxon ref ...   more details



  1. Low Dutch Station

    Image LOWDUTCHSTATIONMARKER.jpg thumb 250px Low Dutch Station historical marker Low Dutch Station was established in 1780 on the middle fork of Beargrass Creek in Kentucky. This station frontier defensive structure station was settled by Dutch ethnic group Dutch pioneers from Pennsylvania and was also known as New Holland Station. ref http www.northamericanforts.com East ky.html nelson1 ref The station was one of a group of six forts established on Beargrass Creek during this period in this area that is now a part of Louisville, Kentucky . The leader of the group was Hendrick Banta. ref Kentucky Historical Marker no. 1848 Kentucky Historical Society ref The group of settlers were a part of the Low Dutch Company that was a group that was structured in that it had bylaws, a formal charter, and accounting procedures. The group had as its purpose the preservation of the language, culture and religion of the Dutch. ref http home.comcast.net neal4 shkylowd.htm ref The Dutch traveled from a settlement near Harrodsburg, Kentucky Harrodsburg to Low Dutch Station on a road which became Dutchmans Lane in St. Matthews, Kentucky St. Matthews . ref http www.bar b k.tripod.com id14.html ref gallery Image LOWDUTCHSTATIONAREA.jpg 2008 Low Dutch Area Image LOWDUTCHCEMETRYONE.jpg 2008 Historic Cemetery at Low Dutch Station Image LOWDUTCHCEMETRYFIVE.jpg 2008 Historic Cemetery Image LOWDUTCHCEMETRYTHREE.jpg Historic Cemetery Image LOWDUTCHCEMETRYTWO.jpg Historic Cemetery gallery See also Corn Island Kentucky Fort Nelson Kentucky Fort on Shore Fort William Kentucky Spring Station Kentucky Floyd s Station Kentucky Battle of Blue Licks Bryan s Station Station frontier defensive structure Long Run Massacre Shippingport, Kentucky References reflist coord missing Kentucky Category Former buildings and structures of Louisville, Kentucky Category Forts in Kentucky Low Dutch Station Category History of Louisville, Kentucky Category Pre state history of Kentucky Louisville stub ...   more details



  1. File:Dutch low saxon.png

    Summary This is a map showing the Dutch Low Saxon dialects in the Netherlands. It is based on information on Image Dutch dialects.png in the http commons.wikimedia.org wiki Image Dutch dialects.png commons . The dialects are K Kollumerlands GN Gronings and North Drents S Stellingswerfs MD Middle Drents SD South Drents T Twents TG Twents Graafschaps GO Gelders Overijssels Achterhoeks and Urks V Veluws Licensing PD self date January 2007 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ...   more details



  1. Dutch Low Saxon

    Image Koart Leegsaksisch.png thumb left 250px Low Saxon in The Netherlands Dutch dialects Dutch Low Saxon Dutch Low Saxon Nedersaksisch is a group of Low Saxon, i.e. West Low German dialects spoken in the northeastern ... language Frisian speaking part speak a collection of Low Franconian dialect s. The class Dutch Low Saxon is not unanimous. From a wikt diachronic diachronic point of view, the Dutch Low Saxon dialects are merely the Low Saxon dialects which are native to areas in the Netherlands as opposed to areas ... classify Dutch Low Saxon as a variety of Dutch language Dutch . ref Hermann Niebaum J rgen Macha ..., 2006, p. 221, footnote 7. ref Some Dutch Low Saxon dialects show features of Westphalian language Westphalian , a West Low German dialect spoken in Germany . Dialects style float right border 1px solid ... Language classification th Indo European languages Germanic languages West Germanic languages Low German Dutch Low Saxon Image Dutch low saxon.png thumb Key K Kollumerlands GN Grunnegs and North Dr ents ... Oaveriessels Achterhooks and Urkers V Veluws Dutch Low Saxon comprises the following forms any of which ... Most varieties belong to the West Low Saxon group. Grunnegs is so different from the rest of the Dutch Low Saxon varieties that it may be treated separately. Tweants and Achterhooks belong to the Westphalian ... be classified in their own subdivision, since they form the westernmost group of Low Saxon dialects, considerably affected by Dutch. Urkers and West Veluws are even so heavily Hollandified that some people classify these dialects as Low Franconian rather than Low Saxon. Dutch influence Image Map of the Low German Dialects.svg thumb right Spread of the contemporary Dutch language Dutch and Low ... Languages of the Netherlands Category Low German Category Dutch dialects am bg ... century. All of them are lexically dependent on Dutch language Dutch rather than German language German for neologisms. When written down, they use a Dutch based orthography. a unified plural in en ...   more details



  1. Dutch Crossing: Journal of Low Countries Studies

    Italic title Infobox journal title Dutch Crossing Journal of Low Countries Studies cover image Dutch Crossing Journal of Low Countries Studies Cover 2009.jpg editor Carol Fehringer, Jane Fenoulhet, Amy Golahny, Theo Hermans, Ulrich Tiedau discipline Dutch studies abbreviation Dutch Cross. publisher Maney ... exchanges between the Low Countries and the English speaking world in all periods from the late Middle Ages to the present day. Dutch Crossing is the official journal of the Association for Low Countries ... Dutch Crossing reflects the journal s focus on exchanges between the Low Countries and the Anglophone ... dtc link1 name Online access link2 http www.ucl.ac.uk dutch crossing link2 name Journal page at University ... 1759 7854 Dutch Crossing is an interdisciplinarity interdisciplinary Peer review peer reviewed academic journal devoted to all aspects of Low Countries studies Low Countries history history and art history , Dutch literature Dutch and Flemish literature Flemish and occasionally Afrikaans literature Afrikaans literary and cultural studies, Dutch language , Dutch as a foreign language, and intercultural and transnational studies. Its stated purpose is to cover all aspects of Global Dutch , not only the Netherlands and the Flanders Dutch speaking part of Belgium but also other places where Dutch ...?tab 6&navPage 1&serial uid 209203&issn &cxxhs 045035950986488 title Review of Dutch Crossing in Ulrich ... at the Department of Dutch, first at Bedford College London Bedford College , Regent s Park, then since ... into one of the main English language journals of interdisciplinary Low Countries studies, ref ... 71 spring 2010.pdf title MLA Dutch Discussion Group publisher Newsletter of the American Association ... it became the journal of the Association for Low Countries Studies. In the 2009 Journal Awards of the Council of Editors of Learned Journals , Dutch Crossing received an honourable mention in the Phoenix ... 10010701 title Dutch Crossing recognition for a journal examining a global influence accessdate 2010 ...   more details



  1. History of urban centers in the Dutch Low Countries

    The development of urban centers city cities in the Dutch language Dutch Low Countries shows the process in which a region, the Dutch Low Countries, evolve from a highly rural outpost of the Roman Empire ... will cover the development of Dutch cities beginning at the end of the migration period till the end of the Dutch Golden Age . Earliest settlements See Gallia Belgica Germania Inferior File Dorestad ... Roman times, the Low Countries belonged to the outer provinces of the empire, situated near the Roman ... became one of the earliest centers of Christianity in the Low Countries . Unsurprisingly, it was on or around ... trading center of the Low Countries from around 600 CE until it started to decline around the early ... and, most to the north, the neighboring site of Nijmegen . Sub regional centers File Dutch Urban Centers Flanders.png thumb 180px right The Flemish cloth cities c. 1350. File Dutch Urban Centers in the East.png thumb 150px right The Hanseatic League Dutch Hanseatic cities in the East c. 1380. File Dutch Urban Centers in Holland.png thumb 150px right The main Hollandic urban centers c. 1400 ... of urban centers. In the Low Countries these appeared in 3 regions at first in the County of Flanders ... Guelders Overijssel Oversticht in the East. The cities located in the center of the Low Countries were ... of the Low Countries, however, such as Frisia and Groningen province Groningen cities ... within the Low Countries to Antwerp though still playing an important role. Eastern development See Hanseatic League In the East of the Low Countries, a number of towns aligned themselves with the Hanseatic ... in the hinterland of the Dutch economy. Western development The Hollandic cities in the 13th century ... time truly dominate the entirety of the Low Countries. The first is Antwerp , the second is Amsterdam . Antwerp region File Dutch Economic Center Antwerp.png thumb 200px right Antwerp the economic center of the Low Countries c. 1540. After the silting of the river Zwin and the consequent decline of Bruges ...   more details



  1. New North Reformed Low Dutch Church

    Infobox nrhp name New North Reformed Low Dutch Church nrhp type nrhp image OldStoneChurchUpperSaddleRiver.jpg caption The Old Stone Church of Upper Saddle River in winter 2009 location East Saddle River Road at Old Stone Church Road, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey lat degrees 41 lat minutes 4 lat seconds 13 lat direction N long degrees 74 long minutes 5 long seconds 13 long direction W coord display inline,title locmapin New Jersey built 1789 architecture added April 15, 1982 area convert 6.5 acre governing body Private refnum 82003263 ref name nris NRISref 2009a ref designated other1 name New Jersey Register of Historic Places designated other1 abbr NJRHP designated other1 link New Jersey Register of Historic Places designated other1 date January 21, 1981 designated other1 number 712 ref name NJRHP cite web title New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places Bergen County url http www.state.nj.us dep hpo 1identify lists bergen.pdf publisher NJ DEP Historic Preservation Office page 22 date January 6, 2010 accessdate March 16, 2010 ref designated other1 num position bottom designated other1 color ffc94b New North Reformed Low Dutch Church also known as Saddle River Reformed Church and The Old Stone Church is a historic Reformed church on East Saddle River Road at Old Stone Church Road in Upper Saddle River, New Jersey . The church was built in 1789 and added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 15, 1982. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Bergen County, New Jersey References reflist External links http oldstonechurchonline.org Official church website http maps.google.com maps?f q&source s q&hl en&geocode &q East Saddle River Road at Old Stone Church Road, Upper Saddle River&sll 40.945928, 74.025128&sspn 0.001977,0.003449&ie UTF8&hq &hnear E Saddle River Rd 26 Old Stone Church Rd, Upper Saddle River, Bergen, New Jersey 07458 ... rpA&cbp 12,8.05,,0, 10.54 View of New North Reformed Low Dutch Church via Google Street View ...   more details



  1. File:Dutch Crossing Journal of Low Countries Studies Cover 2009.jpg

    Summary Non free use rationale Article Dutch Crossing Journal of Low Countries Studies Description 2009 cover of the journal Dutch Crossing Source http www.maney.co.uk journals dtc Portion All Low resolution Yes 12 kb Purpose To illustrate the article on the journal Replaceability Impossible other information Publisher Maney Licensing Non free magazine cover Category Academic journal covers ...   more details



  1. Dutch

    Wiktionary Dutch Dutch usually refers to Something from or related to the Netherlands Dutch people , people from the Netherlands or their descendants Dutch language , spoken in the Netherlands, Belgium ... Dutch , German settlers in Pennsylvania and their language It may also refer to Personal nicknames Ronald Reagan , 40th President of the United States Dutch Schultz , notorious gangster Dutch Ruppersberger , U.S. congressman from Maryland Dutch Clark , National Football League player Dutch Leonard left handed pitcher , Major League Baseball player Dutch Savage , professional wrestler and promoter Dutch Meyer , American collegiate football coach Dutch Boyd , professional poker player Darren Daulton ... Warmerdam , American pole vaulter Holland Dutch Wagenbach , fictional character from The Shield aka Dutchboy Places Dutch Island Rhode Island Dutch Gap , on the James River in Virginia Dutch Harbor, Alaska Dutch Fort , Malay peninsula In sports Dutch Open tennis , a defunct tennis tournament Dutch Grand Prix , a former Formula One car race Dutch TT , a motorcycle race, part of the MotoGP World Championship Music The Dutch , a band from The Netherlands, in the first half of the eighties Other Dutch, the magazine , a magazine in English about the Netherlands and the Dutch Dutch film Dutch film , a 1991 American comedy starring Ed O Neill Dutch A Memoir of Ronald Reagan Dutch Boy Paint Collocations Various expressions, not necessarily related to the Netherlands or the Dutch language cf. Dutch uncle for discussion Dutch angle , a cinematic technique in which the camera is placed at an angle to the horizon Dutch auction , a type of auction where the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer s price Dutch book in economics and gambling, a set of prices or transactions which systematically favor one party Dutch cap , a style of bonnet Dutch cap, slang for a Diaphragm contraceptive contraceptive diaphragm Dutch ...   more details



  1. Low

    , per Wikipedia Manual of Style disambiguation pages wiktionary low Low or LOW may refer to tocright Music Low band , an American indie rock group from Duluth, Minnesota Low David Bowie album Low David Bowie album , 1977 Low Testament album Low Testament album , 1994 Low Low EP Low Low EP , 1994 Low Kelly Clarkson song Low Kelly Clarkson song , 2003 Low Cracker song Low Cracker song , 1993 Low Flo Rida song Low Flo Rida song , 2007 Low Foo Fighters song Low Foo Fighters song , 2002 Low Camp Mulla song , 2010 Low , a song by Coldplay on the album X&Y Low , a song by R.E.M. on the album Out of Time album Out of Time Low , a song by Silverchair on the album Young Modern People Abiel Abbot Low 1811 1893 , American entrepreneur and philanthropist Albert Peter Low 1861 1942 , Canadian geologist and athlete Archibald Low 1888 1956 , British scientist and inventor Dave Low died 1916 , Australian rules footballer David Low agriculturalist 1786 1859 , Scottish agriculturalist David Low cartoonist 1891 1963 , New Zealand political cartoonist Edward Low 1690 1724 , English pirate Frank J. Low 1933 2009 , American physicist G. David Low 1956 2008 , American astronaut George Low 1926 1984 , American NASA administrator George Low Medal of Honor born 1847 , U.S. Navy sailor Hugh Low 1824 1905 ... and current manager of the Germany national football team Norman Low 1914 1994 , Scottish footballer and football manager Rochelle Low born 1969 , Canadian field hockey player Seth Low 1850 1916 , American educator and politician Other uses Low complexity , a concept in computational complexity theory Low computability Low, Quebec , Canada LOW Festival , a cultural festival Low pressure area , a concept in meteorology Lo Wu Station , a rail station, MTR code LOW Louise Weiss building , the seat ... lunar occultations . See also Low Island disambiguation L w disambiguation L we disambiguation Lowe disambiguation disambiguation surname de Low es Low eo LOW fr Low it LOW nl Low ja pl Low ...   more details



  1. This Is a Low

    Song infobox Name This Is a Low Type Song Artist Blur band Blur alt Artist Album Parklife Published Released April 25, 1994 track no 15 Recorded 1993 Genre Britpop Length 5 07 Writer Composer Damon Albarn Label Food Records Producer Stephen Street Chart position Tracks prev Jubilee prev no 14 next Lot 105 next no 16 Misc Extra tracklisting Album Blur The Best Of Type compilation prev track On Your Own Blur song On Your Own prev no 15 this track This is a Low track no 16 next track For Tomorrow next no 17 This Is a Low is a song by English alternative rock band Blur band Blur for their third studio album, Parklife . Music and lyrics The song is in the key of E major ref name Parklife album booklet, page 16 Parklife album booklet, page 16 ref and is in Time signature 4 4 time . In total, the song contains two verses, two choruses, a guitar solo and two further choruses. The music commences with a four chord guitar progression, before moving straight into the first verse. The music is based in the mixolydian mode , highlighted by the fact the V chord B minor is minor instead of major. The song s lyrics reference a low pressure area of weather hitting Britain. The lyrics are based on the Shipping Forecast , with references made to the various areas surrounding the country. In the lyric sail on by with the tide , passing reference is also made to the tune Sailing By , which ends each day s broadcast of BBC Radio 4 . According to bassist Alex James musician Alex James in his 2007 autobiography Bit of a Blur, Damon was struggling with the words. For Christmas I brought him a handkerchief with a map of the shipping forecast regions on it... you can never tell where the muse is going ... , Long Forties Forties Up the Tyne, Forth and Cromarty There s a low in the High Forties Malin ... s End , as well as Blackpool and its famous lights and The Thames . Reception This Is a Low is often ..., this is proved by the surprise inclusion on Blur s Blur The Best Of Best Of compilation album. This Is a Low ...   more details



  1. Dutch diaspora

    The Dutch diaspora is the Diaspora movement, migration, or scattering of the Dutch away from the Low .... Early emigration The first big wave of Dutch immigrants to leave the Low Countries came from present .... In several former Dutch Empire Dutch colonies and trading settlements , there are ethnic groups of partial Dutch ancestry. Emigration Emigrants from the Netherlands since the Second World War went ... Dutch immigration immigrant communities in these countries. Smaller numbers of Dutch ... Westphalia . ref http roepstem.net hollandervlaming.html duits Dutch immigration to Germany. Dutch .... Today, the Berlin dialect still bears some Dutch features. ref Onbekende Buren, by Dik Linthout, page 102 103. ref Overseas emigration of the Dutch started around the 16th century, beginning a Dutch Empire Dutch colonial empire . The first Dutch settlers arrived in the New World in 1614 and built ... , with its capital at New Amsterdam the future world metropolis of New York City . Dutch explorers ... and Dutch immigration to these countries did not begin until after World War II. The Dutch were also one of the few Europeans to successfully settle Africa prior to the late 19th century. Dutch colonists ... www.nidi.knaw.nl en output 2004 ejhg 12 07 zeegers.pdf ejhg 12 07 zeegers.pdf Spread of the Dutch world wide. ref During the Boer Wars the sense of unity between the Dutch and future Afrikaners were very strong. For example, the Boer leader Paul Kruger was rescued by a Dutch Navy Dutch warship , De Gelderland , sent by the Dutch Wilhelmina of the Netherlands Queen Wilhelmina , which had simply ignored ... Main Dutch American The first Dutch people Dutchmen to come to the United States of America were explorers led by English captain Henry Hudson in the service of the Dutch Republic who arrived in 1609 .... The Dutch were one of the earliest Europeans who made their way to the New World. In 1614, the first Dutch settlers arrived and founded a number of villages and a town called New Amsterdam on the East ...   more details



  1. Jersey Dutch

    . From A text in Jersey Dutch Dr J. Dyneley Prince, 1910 via http www.rnw.nl holland html 040122dh.html Radio Netherlands . Further reading Bachman, Van Cleaf. 1982. The story of the Low Dutch language . De Halve Maen 56 3, 1 3, 21 57 1, 10 13. Bachman, Van Cleaf. 1983. What is Low Dutch? De Halve Maen ... Low Dutch . Trefwoord, tijdschrift voor lexicografie , December 2008, 1 29. http www.fryske akademy.nl trefwoord. Prince, J. Dyneley. 1910. The Jersey Dutch dialect . Dialect Notes 3, 459 484. Prince, J. Dyneley. 1913. A text in Jersey Dutch . Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche Taal en Letterkunde 32 ...Dutch dialects Jersey Dutch was a variant of the Dutch language spoken in and around Bergen County, New ... 0 521 35940 6 pages 335 8 ref based on Zeeland ic and West Flemish Dutch dialects with English language English and possibly some elements of Lenape . It was spoken by the descendants of Dutch settlers ... called Neger Duits Negro Dutch ref Duits means German language German in modern Dutch, but in many older contexts refers to the Netherlands or the Dutch language . See Dietsch for more information. ref when spoken by mixed race people. There were two distinct variations of Jersey Dutch, the regional Dutch dialect that was spoken by the actual descendants of Dutchmen, and the version spoken by black ... including a loss of past tense verb forms. This is due to the isolation from other Dutch speakers ... but to much less of an extent, and is not a creole language. ref name cre An example of Jersey Dutch ... x ne. Main v der h t pl nti. In standard modern Dutch language Dutch Een man had twee jongens de ... . An introduction to the Hudson Valley Dutch dialect . New York History 61, 161 185. Buccini, Anthony F. 1995. The Dialectical Origins of New Netherland Dutch . Dutch Linguistics in a Changing Europe. The Berkeley Conference on Dutch Linguistics 1993 . Ed. by Thomas Shannon & Johan P. Snapper. Lanham ..., L.G. 1938. Crumbs from an old Dutch closet. The Dutch dialect of Old New York . The Hague Martinus ...   more details



  1. Dutch gable

    gable stepped gable should be distinguished from it. The term Dutch gable is also used in America and Australasia to refer to a gablet roof . The Dutch gable was a notable feature of the Renaissance architecture which spread to northern Europe from the Low Countries , arriving in Britain during ... Cummings Archives of American Art Journal, Vol. 9, No. 4 1971 , pp. 1 16 ref Later Dutch gables with flowing curves became absorbed into Baroque architecture . Examples of Dutch gabled buildings can ... Dutch gables form part of the city s Dutch Quarter, while in Bruges , Belgium , a wide range of buildings featuring Dutch gables can be found. The style also spread beyond Europe, for example Barbados is well known for the Dutch gables on its historic buildings. ref http whc.unesco.org en tentativelists 1992 UNESCO.org The Industrial Heritage of Barbados The Story of Sugar ref Dutch settlers ... Dutch gables but adjusted to the Western Cape region where the style became known as Cape Dutch architecture . The formation of Dutch gables requires careful detailing, to weatherproof the junction of the roof with the inner face of the Dutch gable wall with a flashing weatherproofing . Image Arras ... Dutch gable on a house in South Africa in Stellenbosch References references External links http www.encounter.co.za article 19.html History and Evolution of Cape Dutch Architecture with more pictures DEFAULTSORT Dutch Gable Category Architectural elements Element arch stub de Volutengiebel fr ...   more details



  1. Dutch Brazil

    Infobox Former Country native name Nederlands Brazili Dutch Brazil br or Nieuw Holland New Holland conventional long name common name Dutch Brazil continent South America region South America era image Nederlands Brazilli .jpg status Colony status text Dutch colony empire Dutch Empire government type ... s1 Flag Portugal 1640 .svg image map Nederlands Brazilli .jpg image map caption Dutch Brazil 1630 1654 capital Mauritsstad Recife common languages Dutch language Dutch , Indigenous languages religion currency Braziliaanse Guldens Brazilian Guilders Dutch colonial campaigns File S damerika1650.png thumb South America around 1650 Dutch Brazil , also known as New Holland , was the northern portion of Brazil , ruled by the Dutch Republic Dutch during the Dutch colonization of the Americas between ... Australia. From 1630 onward, the Dutch Republic came to control almost half of Brazil s area at the time, with their capital in Recife . The Dutch West India Company WIC set up their headquarters ... Battle of Guararapes in 1649. On 26 January 1654, the Dutch surrendered and signed the capitulation, but only as a provisory pact. By May 1654, the Dutch demanded that the Dutch Republic ... the Treaty of The Hague 1661 Treaty of The Hague . The significance of Spain The Low Countries had long been part of the Spanish Empire however, in 1568 the Eighty Years War broke out, and the Dutch ... of Spanish lands, colonies and ships by Dutch fleets. In 1609 the two countries signed a twelve year peace treaty in which the Dutch Republic was allowed to trade with Portuguese settlements in Brazil, since Portugal was in a dynastic union with Spain from 1580 to 1640. The Dutch also agreed to delay the creation of a Dutch West India Company West India Company , a counterpart to the already existing Dutch East India Company . In 1621 the twelve year peace treaty expired and the Dutch West Indian Company was immediately created. War resumed, and through the new company, the Dutch now started ...   more details



  1. Dutch garden

    Image Dutch Garden P6110062.JPG right thumb 250px Kensington Palace Dutch Gardens The Dutch garden is distinguished by its dense atmosphere and efficient use of space. On an international level, a garden with tulips is also easily labelled as a Dutch Garden. In England, Dutch garden was the description given to a particular type of rectangular garden space, often enclosed within hedges or walls, even if part of a larger garden or parkland. This space would be laid out in a highly cultivated and geometrical, often symmetrical, fashion, shaped by dense plantings of highly coloured flowers, and edged with box or other dense and clipped shrubs, or low walls sometimes in geometrical patterns , and sometimes, also, with areas of artificial water, with fountains and water butts, which were also laid out in symmetrical arrangements. The flower beds and areas of water would be intersected by geometrical path patterns, to make it possible to walk around the garden without damaging any of its features. An example is to be found adjacent to Kensington Palace , due south of the orangery. Another example, less ambitious, is at Clandon Park in Surrey . The Dutch garden, with its geometry and formality, was in opposition to the Cottage garden , which is characterised by grass, winding and asymmetrical paths if any and a blurring of the lines between flowers and grass by allowing shrubs to grow over flower bed boundaries. The placement of flower s and shrub s in the Dutch garden in Holland, however ..., the distinctive style of garden design associated with the Dutch emerged. Flora Common flowers in the Dutch garden are Tulips Anemone s Calla Lily Narcissus genus Narcissus Rose s Snowdrop s Crocus es Noteworthy gardens Some noteworthy public Dutch gardens are The Newsatanville ... commons cat Dutch Garden, Kensington Gardens http www.dutch gardens.info Dutch Gardens Category Gardens in the Netherlands Category Dutch culture Category Types of garden ms Kebun Belanda ...   more details



  1. History of Dutch

    ancestors of Low Saxon languages Low Saxon and Old Dutch . Frankish language main Old Frankish ... Netherlands Dutch and Limburg Belgium Belgian Limburg Low Saxon , spoken in the area of the modern ...Citations missing date March 2008 Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language , that originated from the Old Frankish dialects. Among the words with which Dutch has enriched the English vocabulary are brandy, cole slaw, cookie, cruiser, dock, easel, freight, landscape, spook, stoop, and yacht . Dutch ... community through trade and empire. Dutch is also among some of the List of languages by first written accounts earliest recorded languages of Europe . Countries that have Dutch as an official language are Aruba , Belgium , Cura ao , the Netherlands , the Caribbean Netherlands Dutch Antilles , Sint ... language tree , Dutch is grouped within the Germanic languages , which means it shares a common ... method . All modern Germanic languages such as English, German, Dutch, etc. gradually split ... language, it was spoken in areas covering modern France, Germany, and the Low Countries in Merovingian ... impact on Old French. It evolved into Old Low Franconian in the north and it was replaced by French ... French, and from Old Dutch. Old Dutch main Old Dutch Image OldDutcharea.png thumb 300px right Area in which Old Dutch was spoken. Old Dutch is the language ancestral to the Low Franconian languages, including Dutch itself. It was spoken between the 6th and 11th centuries, continuing the earlier Old Frankish language. The present Dutch standard language is derived from Old Dutch dialects spoken in the Low Countries that were first recorded in the Salic law , a Franks Frank ish document written around 510. From this document originated the oldest sentence that has been identified as Dutch Maltho thi afrio lito as sentence used to free a serf. Other old segments of Dutch are Visc flot aftar ... text containing Old Dutch is Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan, hinase hic enda tu, wat unbidan we ...   more details



  1. Dutch dialects

    Dutch dialects Image Nederfrankisch.png thumb 230px left Traditionally recognised Low Franconian Dutch ... thumb right Dutch dialects and their peripheries to the West French Flemish and to the East Low ... different development since the late Middle Ages. Limburgish and Dutch Low Saxon have been elevated ... Dutch is not a Dutch dialect it is actually German based. Plautdietsch is a Low German variety ... of the Frisian speaking areas in the Netherlands Dutch dialects are primarily the dialects that are both cognate with the Dutch language and are spoken in the same language area as the Dutch standard language . Dutch dialects are remarkably diverse and are found in the Netherlands and northern Belgium. The province of Friesland is bilingual. The West Frisian language , distinct from Dutch, is spoken here along with standard Dutch and the Stadsfries dialect. A West Frisian standard language has also been developed. First dichotomy Image Koart Leegsaksisch.png thumb 300px Low Saxon in the Netherlands In the east there is an extensive Dutch Low Saxon dialect area the provinces of Groningen province Groningen Gronings , Drenthe and Overijssel are almost exclusively Low Saxon, and a major part ... here. This group, though not being Low Franconian and being very close to neighbouring Low German , is still regarded as Dutch, because of the superordination of the Dutch standard language in this area ever since the seventeenth century in other words, this group is Dutch synchronic analysis ... language and takes a special position within the West Low German Low Saxon Language . South Guelderish ... not diverge from standard Dutch very much, but there is a clear difference between the city dialects ... , although it is not so popular in the city of the same name. Recent use Dutch dialects are not spoken ... in the smaller villages, with the exception of the Low Saxon and Limburgish regional languages ... to standard Dutch although many cities have their own city dialect , which continues to prosper. In Belgium ...   more details



  1. Dutch Suratte

    at low tide. After problems with local merchants closed in 1643. See also Dutch Malabar Dutch Ceylon Dutch Coromandel Dutch Bengal Fran ois Caron Mattheus de Haan Hubert Hugo Hendrik van Rheede Willem ...Infobox Former Country native name Suratte conventional long name Dutch Suratte common name Dutch Suratte continent Asia region South Asia country India empire Netherlands status Colony status text era Imperialism year start 1616 year end 1795 date start date end event start Establishment of a trading post at Suratte event end Kew Letters p1 Mughal Empire flag p1 Flag of the Mughal Empire.svg s1 British India flag s1 Union flag 1606 Kings Colors .svg image flag Flag of the Dutch East India Company.svg ... common languages Dutch language Dutch government type title leader leader1 year leader1 leader2 ... a directorate of the Dutch East India Company in 1616. The British had established a factory in the Suratte ... vocsite.nl geschiedenis handelsposten suratte.html Suratte ref It is part of what is today known as Dutch India . History Pieter van den Broecke established a Dutch trading post in Suratte in 1616, after previous efforts had failed in the years before. The Dutch East India Company was compelled to form .... By 1759, the Dutch East India Company s trade had fallen substantially. Trade had largely moved to British Bombay , with Suratte playing only a subordinate role. Due to the Kew Letters Dutch Suratte ... right alt Dutch Suratte caption Dutch Suratte note Agra and Burhanpur not in their actual position ... to the British in the Kew Letters . Ahmadabad Factory 1617 1744 Important trading port. The Dutch ..., the trading post was almost never visited by inspectors of the Dutch East India Company. Private trading forbidden by the Dutch East India Company and corruption made traders here rich men. Khambhat ... www.swaen.com antique map of.php?id 1214 http www.voc kenniscentrum.nl prod suiker.html Dutch colonies state collapsed Category Dutch India Category Dutch East India Company Category Former Dutch ...   more details



  1. Dutch Gold

    For the metal alloy see Tombac . Image sampledutchg.jpg thumb right 125px The 4 for 5 Dutch Gold package. Dutch Gold is a low cost, imported, Pilsener pilsner lager beer sold in the Republic of Ireland . It was launched in 1995. ref name Comans http www.comans.ie beers ciders dutch gold.html Dutch Gold Go Dutch , Comans Wholesale, retrieved 17 May 2008 ref The beer The beer is brewed and canned in the EU under licence of, and distributed by, Zuidhollandse Bierbrouwerij , a trading name of InBev , a large Belgian brewery that owns the Dutch Gold trademark. ref http www.inbev.com pdf investors annualreports 2005 INBEV Commercial Report2005 EN.pdf InBev 2005 Annual Report List of trademarks including Dutch Gold is on page 55 ref Distributed in Ireland by Comans Wholsale , it has an alcohol volume of approximately 4.3 . The distributor describes it as having a clean, fresh, crisp, typical Dutch beer flavour . ref name Comans Irish retailing In the canned beer market in Ireland, Dutch Gold has a market share of between 11 and 14 , making it the third most popular beer after Budweiser Anheuser Busch Budweiser and Heineken Pilsener . ref http www.barkeeper.ie News Item.asp?News ID 369 East European Beers increasing significance Drinks Industry News, 8 November 2006 ref In shop advertising is the primary promotional method and there are a variety of multi pack offers. Dutch Gold is not advertised on television or radio. Social and cultural implications In 2006, the Garda S och na Garda ... Dutch Gold . The distributors of the product, Comans Wholesale of Tallaght , complained that the naming ... 20, June, 2006 ref University College Dublin has a Dutch Gold Appreciation Society . ref http www.accessmylibrary.com ... and beans ... seriously , Irish Independent , 23 March 2005 ref Competitors Competitors to Dutch Gold ... Brewery , another Dutch import. Bi re d Or . Dutch Gold holds a 0.2 lead in alcohol volume. Castlemaine ... ga Dutch Gold ...   more details



  1. Dutch people

    in the Low Countries retained their language, which would evolve into Dutch. The current Dutch French ... unchanged ever since. ref Convergence See History of urban centers in the Dutch Low Countries Burgundian Netherlands Middle Dutch The medieval cities of the Low Countries, who experienced major ... , signed on July 26, 1581, was the formal declaration of independence of the Dutch Low Countries ... , Limburgish and Dutch Low Saxon Dutch Saxon . ref http taalunieversum.org taal vragen antwoord ... English Nether both meaning low , and near the sea same meaning in both English and Dutch , a reference ... and make the Low Countries a Catholic region once more. ref name autogenerated5 The Dutch ... Low Countries fled North en masse . ref name autogenerated5 Most of the Dutch Protestants were ... , Zealandic and Dutch Low Saxon dialects natively, or are influenced by them when they speak ...pp vandalism small yes About the ethnic group known as the Dutch and their descendants world wide information ... The Dutch br small Nederlanders small image File NativegirlsMarkenIslandHolland1890 1900.png 250px caption small A historic image of two Dutch girls around 1890 1900, wearing clothes of that time period small poptime Dutch br 16 million br including ancestral diaspora br 40 million br span style color blue Blue span Dutch born br span style color green Green span Reported ancestry region1 flagcountry Netherlands pop1 13,228,780 br sup Ethnic Dutch sup br 472,600 ref According to a 1990 study by Statistics Netherlands there were 472,600 Dutch Indonesians residing in the Netherlands. They are the descendants ... Dutch Eurasians sup region2 flagcountry South Africa pop2 7,000,000 sup ref name autogenerated6 ... USA pop3 5,087,191 span sup ref name autogenerated6 Dutch born 2001, Figure 3 in DEMOS, 21, 4. Nederlanders ... en dutch 4 Dutch government website on Dutch Brazilians . ref region5 flag France pop5 ... 0F4FF5DFC939 0 2007k4b15p47art.pdf Number of people with the Dutch nationality in Belgium as reported ...   more details



  1. Dutch culture

    image Pieter Bruegel the Elder The Dutch Proverbs Google Art Project.jpg thumb right 250px Netherlandish Proverbs Dutch proverbs , by Pieter Bruegel the Elder . 1559 Wikiquote Dutch proverbs Dutch culture may refer to used more narrowly, the Culture of the Netherlands used more widely Dutch language Culture of Dutch speaking Europe , including Dutch literature Dutch festivities . Dutch architecture Dutch folklore See also Dutch people The Netherlands Flanders Belgium disambig ...   more details



  1. Dutch kickboxing

    Orphan date May 2011 Notability date June 2011 Infobox martial art image imagecaption name Dutch kickboxing focus Strike attack Striking country flagicon NED Netherlands olympic No creator Thom Harinck , Jan Plas parenthood Japanese kickboxing , Kyokushin kaikan Kyokushinkai , Muay Thai famous pract Peter Aerts , Remy Bonjasky , Ramon Dekkers , Badr Hari , Joerie Mes , Ernesto Hoost , Rob Kaman , Albert Kraus , Frank Lobman , Alistair Overeem , G khan Saki , Semmy Schilt , Andy Souwer , Fred Royers , Jan Plas , Leo de Snoo, Ivan Sprang, Andre Brilleman, Tommy van de Berg, Patrick Brizon, Ronnie Green Dutch kickboxing , or Dutch Muay Thai , is a style of kickboxing originating from the Netherlands which has its foundations in Japanese kickboxing and Muay Thai . History Kickboxing was first introduced to the Netherlands in the 1970s when Dutch martial artists Thom Harinck and Jan Plas opened gym s such as the Chakuriki Gym and Mejiro Gym , teaching Japanese kickboxing and Muay Thai which they had learned in Asia, while also using techniques from their Kyokushin karate backgrounds. Harinck and Plas also founded the NKBB Dutch Kickboxing Association in 1976. ref http www.mardb.com kickboxing origins Kickboxing Origins , Martial Arts Database ref In contrast to traditional Muay Thai, Dutch style has more focus on boxing and low kick s, and less use of the Muay Thai Foot thrust Thip thip . Dutch kickboxing is also known for its aggressive punch kick combinations. Ever since its inception in 1993, Dutch kickboxers have dominated the K 1 scene, causing Wimbledon Effect Wimbledon effects , with two record holding title champions Ernesto Hoost and Semmy Schilt , other world champions and contenders include Peter Aerts , Remy Bonjasky , Andy Souwer , Badr Hari , Albert Kraus , Alistair Overeem and Melvin Manhoef . References reflist Kickboxing organizations Martial arts Category European martial arts Category Kickboxing Category Kickboxing in the Netherlands ...   more details



  1. Dutch language

    fam4 Low Franconian languages Low Franconian script Latin script Latin Dutch alphabet nation ABW ... iudiskaz , which referred to the common people and their language Dutch, Low German, and German ... Low German with dietsch or nederlandsch Dutch , ref Dutch , in Encyclopedia of the Languages ... later the same century with the terms High Dutch German and Low Dutch Dutch . However, due to Dutch ... Low Franconian languages Low Franconian Dutch Afrikaans , Dutch based creole languages Dutch based creoles Dutch belongs to its own West Germanic languages West Germanic dialect group, West Low Franconian ... the boundary between Dutch and Low German . In some small areas, there are still dialect continua ... linguistics morphological marker. Dutch stands out from Low German and German in its retention ... . Dutch and Low German show the collapsing of older ol ul al dental consonant dental into ol ... has undergone German s distinctive High German consonant shift second consonant shift . Dutch and Low ... people themselves. The main reason for this was the low social prestige of the Dutch language ...Infobox language name Dutch nativename Nederlands pronunciation IPA nl ne d rl nts nl Nederlands.ogg ... Flagicon USAN Union of South American Nations agency Nederlandse Taalunie br Dutch Language Union iso1 nl iso2b dut iso2t nld iso3 nld lingua 52 ACB a varieties br 52 ACB aa to an map Map Dutch World scris.png mapcaption Dutch speaking world. Dutch is also one of the official languages of the European Union and the Union of South American Nations . notice IPA Dutch Audio nl Nederlands.ogg Nederlands ... of the Netherlands , Belgium , and Suriname , the three member states of the Dutch Language ... ebs ebs 243 en.pdf format PDF accessdate 2007 02 03 1 of the EU population claims to speak Dutch ... dialect called French Flemish is spoken. There are about 80,000 Dutch speakers in France see ... Commission 2010 . br A dialect continuum exists between Dutch and German through the South Guelderish ...   more details



  1. Dutch barn

    gable roof, which, in early Dutch barns extended very low to the ground. The barns feature center ...Dutch barn is the name given to markedly different types of barn s in the United States and Canada , and in the United Kingdom . In the United States, Dutch barns a. k. a. New World Dutch barns represent ... Kingdom a structure called a Dutch barn is a relatively recent agricultural development meant specifically for hay and straw storage most examples were built from the 19th century. British Dutch ... roof some Dutch barns have honeycombed brick walls, which provide ventilation and are decorative as well. Still other British Dutch barns may be found with no walls at all, much like American pole barns. Dutch barns in the United States Image Map Novi Belgii Nov que Angli Amsterdam, 1685 .jpg thumb right 300px Map of New Netherlands dated 1685 where the greatest numbers of Dutch barns were built in what is now New Jersey The New World Dutch barn is the rarest of the American barn forms. The remaining American Dutch style barns represent relics from the 18th and 19th century. Dutch barns were the first great barns built in the United States , mostly by Dutch colonization of the Americas Dutch settlers in New Netherlands . New Netherlander s settled along the Hackensack River Hackensack ... Journal ref Many Dutch barns also were built in other portions of the Northeastern United States ... Dutch barns survive intact in the 21st century. Those that remain date from the eighteenth and early 19th century. Dutch barns rarely remain in a good, unaltered condition. ref name nps Auer, Michael ... Briefs, National Park Service, first published October 1989. Retrieved 7 February 2007. ref The Dutch Barn Preservation Society has cataloged hundreds of standing Dutch Barns throughout the Hudson, Mohawk ... speaks on Dutch barns. Examples New World Dutch Barns included in the National Register of Historic ... Park Service ref Design Image Dutch Barn.jpg thumb right 250px Dilapidated Dutch barn in upstate ...   more details




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