Lingual may refer to Rap Crew, LINGUAL, an underground widespread hip hop group from Berlin , Germany . The Group was founded in 2010 with their former member Freddy K. Their music is based on oldschool features with mixtures of Rap , Funk and Jazz and consists of 4 members, Sam Which, Kurt Bila Gee, Bain and Obi One. The beats created for the group are entirely produced by Bain and Kurt Bila Gee, while Sam Which aka Alias , Obi One and Kurt Bila Gee freestyle and rap a long. Their lyrics are about the world in general as they criticize todays world with their own values and beliefs. Their main slogan Stay real Tongue , a muscular hydrostat on the floors of the mouths of most vertebrates which manipulates food for mastication Lingual artery , arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery Lingual veins , begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue, and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery, end in the internal jugular vein Lingual gyrus , of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus Lingual bone Lingual nerve , a branch of the mandibular nerve HT Lingual disambig ... more details
Lingual branch can refer to Lingual artery Lingual nerve Long comment to prevent listing on Special Shortpages.......................................................................... disambig ... more details
Infobox Vein Name Lingual veins Latin vena lingualis GraySubject 168 GrayPage 648 Image Gray559.png Caption Veins of the tongue. Lingual vein labeled at left. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom tongue DrainsTo internal jugular vein Artery lingual artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12850834 The lingual veins begin on the dorsum, sides, and under surface of the tongue , and, passing backward along the course of the lingual artery , end in the internal jugular vein . The vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve ranine vein , a branch of considerable size, begins below the tip of the tongue, and may join the lingual generally, however, it passes backward on the Hyoglossus , and joins the common facial . The lingual veins are important clinically as they are capable of rapid absorption of drugs for this reason, nitroglycerin is given under the tongue to patients suspected of having angina pectoris. Tributaries Sublingual vein Deep lingual vein Dorsal lingual vein Suprahyoid vein External links http virtual.yosemite.cc.ca.us randerson Biology frog 20anatomy 20tutorial vessels lingual.htm Photo of model frog eMedicineDictionary Lingual vein References Moore NA and Roy W. Rapid Review Gross Anatomy. Elsevier, 2010. Gray s VeinsHeadNeck Category Veins of the head and neck circulatory stub es Vena lingual ja pt Veias linguais ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Lingual gyrus Latin gyrus lingualis GraySubject 189 GrayPage 823 Image Gray727 lingual gyrus.png Caption Medial surface of left cerebral hemisphere. Lingual gyrus visible at left. Image2 Medial surface of cerebral cortex lingual gyrus.png Caption2 Medial surface of right cerebral hemisphere. Lingual gyrus visible at right. IsPartOf Occipital lobe Components Artery Posterior cerebral artery Posterior cerebral Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 140 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Lingual gyrus NeuroLexID birnlex 740 The lingual gyrus of the occipital lobe lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus behind, it reaches the occipital pole in front, it is continued on to the tentorial surface of the temporal lobe , and joins the parahippocampal gyrus . The lingual gyrus is so named because it resembles the tongue in shape. This region is believed to play an important role in dream dreaming and Visual perception vision , especially in recognizing words, regardless of size, font, etc. Gray s External links http 208.164.121.55 hbm2003 abstract abstract1296.htm Reading of Handwritten and Printed Text An fMRI Study Prosencephalon Visual pathways Category Cerebrum neuroscience stub es Circunvoluci n lingual fr Lobule lingual ja ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria lingualis GraySubject 144 GrayPage 553 Image Lingual artery.PNG Caption Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries. The branch of the lingual artery is labeled Image2 Gray559.png Caption2 Veins of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve has been displaced downward in this preparation. Lingual artery labeled at center left. BranchFrom external carotid BranchTo Vein lingual vein Supplies genioglossus MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12154839 The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid artery and facial artery . It can be located easily in the Tongue Vasculature tongue . Path It first runs obliquely upward and medialward to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone . It then curves downward and forward, forming a loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve , and passing beneath the Digastricus and Stylohyoideus it runs horizontally forward, beneath the Hyoglossus , and finally, ascending almost perpendicularly to the tongue, turns forward on its lower surface as far as the tip, under the name of the deep lingual artery profunda linguae . Branches suprahyoid branch of lingual artery dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery deep lingual artery sublingual artery Additional images gallery Image Gray474.png Diagram showing the origins of the main branches of the carotid arteries. Image Gray513.png The internal carotid and vertebral arteries . Right side. Image Gray1020.png Coronal section of tongue , showing intrinsic muscles. Image Gray1210.png Side of neck, showing chief surface markings. gallery External links SUNYRadiology Headneck 15Commo SUNYAnatomyLabs 25 14 01 02 http dentistry.ouhsc.edu intranet web Courses DH3342 images ling tongue.JPG ... Arteries of the head and neck de Arteria lingualis es Arteria lingual fr Art re linguale hr Arterija ... pt Art ria lingual ... more details
File Lingual foramen.JPG thumb right 250px The small lingual foramen black hole in lower portion of picture as seen on a periapical dental radiography radiograph of the anterior human mandible mandible . The lingual foramen is a small hole situated on the tongue side surface of the anterior human mandible mandible through which small blood vessels pass. References reflist Facial bones Category Bones of the head and neck ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2009 Infobox Anatomy Name Lingual septum Latin septum linguae GraySubject 242 GrayPage 1132 Image Gray1014.png Caption The mouth cavity. The cheeks have been slit Transverse plane transversely and the tongue pulled forward. Lingual septum is visible at center of tongue, but not labeled. Image2 Tongue piercing.jpg Caption2 A pierced tongue, which has not accommodated for swelling System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre s 08 DorlandsSuf 12730397 The lingual septum consists of a vertical layer of fibrous tissue, extending throughout the entire length of the median plane of the tongue , though not quite reaching the Dorsum biology dorsum . It is thicker behind than in front, and occasionally contains a small fibrocartilage , about 6 mm. in length. It is well displayed by making a vertical section across the organ. See also Tongue piercing Gray s anatomy stub Mouth anatomy Category Tongue ... more details
Cleanup date May 2008 protein Name Lingual Lipase caption Proposed crystal structure of Lingual Lipase ... 3.1.1.3 Chromosome Arm Band Lingual lipase is a member of a family of digestive enzyme s called ... reaction product. ref name Hamosh cite journal author Hamosh M, Scow RO title Lingual lipase and its ... characteristics of lingual lipase, including a pH optimum 4.5 5.4 and its ability to catalyze reactions ... full nature05401.html ref secrete lingual lipase to the grooves of the circumvallate and foliate ... to 20 minutes of ingestion by lingual lipase alone. ref name Ross Proposed mechanism Image chimeralarge.png thumb Lingual Lipase 300px right Figure 2 Lingual Lipase with catalytic triad highlighted in center Deleted image removed Image chimerazoom1.png thumb Lingual Lipase 300px right Figure 3 Zoomed in view of Lingual Lipase Catalytic Triad neon with involved Hydrogen bonds pink Lingual lipase uses ... Hydrolysis Image mech2.png 400px Mechanism of Triglyceride Hydrolysis Lingual lipase and cystic ... M, Hubbard VS, Dutta SK, Hamosh P title Lingual lipase in cystic fibrosis. Quantitation of enzyme ... have shown that even in these cases, lingual lipase is present in normal amounts, ref name Field cite journal author Field RB, Spielman AI, Hand AR title Purification of lingual amylase from serous glands of rat tongue and characterization of rat lingual amylase and lingual lipase journal J. Dent ... of total lipase activity in duodenum . ref name Ross This can be attributed to the fact that lingual ... for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency would be enzyme replacement therapy using lingual lipase, increasing ... mechanism of lingual lipase preferentially cleaving short and medium chain triacylglycerols provides ... digestion in neonates In the uterus , the fetus is dependent on a high carbohydrate diet, and lingual ... pH throughout the gastrointestinal tract of the neonate, demands that lingual lipase be the main enzyme .... ref name Hamosh References reflist Category EC 3.1.1 Esterases ca Lipasa lingual fr Lipase linguale ... more details
nerve, lying immediately beneath the mucous membrane . Lingual Nerve Injuries Dental procedures and in particular the administration of local anaesthetic can cause damage to the lingual nerve leading to lingual nerve neuropathy. See also Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve Additional images ... and neck Category Neuroanatomy de Nervus lingualis es Nervio lingual ja pl Nerw j zykowy sr ... more details
Image Lingual arch.jpg right thumb 250px Lower removable lingual arch. A lingual arch is an orthodontic device which connects two molars in the upper or lower dental arch. The lower lingual arch LLA has an archwire adapted to the lingual side of the lower teeth. In the upper arch the archwire is usually connecting the two molars passing through the palatal vault, and is commonly referred as Transpalatal Arch TPA . LLA and TPA are fabricated by placing bands on the molars. These are connected to the archwire. The wire can be soldered to the bands or inserted into lingual sheaths welded to the molar band removable LLA and TPA . Passive Use LLA is frequently used as a space maintainer for the lower teeth . In such a case a LLA maintains the molar tooth molar position. LLA and TPA can also be used to stabilize molar position in the attempt to avoid side effects that can take place during orthodontic therapy. As a space maintainer LLA is frequentely used in cases where an early loss of the second deciduous molar takes place. In such a case LLA prevents the molars from migrating mesially forward thus blocking off the eruption space for the premolar teeth. LLA is also used in order to maintain the so called Leeway space , which is the extra space available in the arch when the second deciduous molar is exfoliated and the second premolar erupts ref The use of the lingual arch in the mixed dentition to resolve incisor crowding. PMID 10629524 ref . Active Use LLA and TPA, if removable, can also be activated in order to obtain molar movements in all planes of space ref Biomechanical fundamentals in the use of the transpalatal arch and the ligual arch. PMID 2074877 ref . LLA and TPA are more frequently activated to expand or reduce the intermolar distance and to rotate the molars. In this way it is possible to reshape the whole dental arch if molars are connected to the other teeth by means of a buccal archwire. Image TPA Expansion.jpg right thumb 400px Upper Arch expanded by a TPA ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Lingual tonsils Latin tonsilla lingualis GraySubject 243 GrayPage 1138 Image Illu04 tongue.jpg Caption Tongue Image2 Caption2 System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 13 DorlandsSuf 12812439 The lingual tonsils are rounded masses of lymphatic tissue that cover the posterior region of the tongue . They are located on the dorsal surface at the base of the tongue . Their lymphatic tissue are dense and nodular, their surface is covered with stratified squamous epithelium which invaginates as a single Crypt anatomy crypt into each lingual tonsil. They are partially surrounded by connective tissue placing them in the group of Partially Encapsulated Lymphatic Organs, tonsils , the only one of its kind. They have associated Mucus mucous glands which are drained by ducts directly into the single tonsillar crypt. Additional images gallery Image Gray1014.png Lingual tonsils not labeled, but would be at very back of tongue. Image Gray605.png Lymphatics of the tongue. gallery External links eMedicineDictionary Lingual tonsil http www.usc.edu hsc dental opfs QL 23tn.html Pictures at usc.edu AnatomyAtlasesMicroscopic 09 163 BUHistology 09802loa LoyolaMedEd histo HistoImages hl6 27.jpg labeled as lymphoid tissue http www.healthopedia.com pictures tonsils.html Diagram at healthopedia.com http health.enotes.com images medicine gem 05 img0634.jpg Diagram at enotes.com Gray s Mouth anatomy Lymphatic organ anatomy Category Lymphatics of the head and neck Category Tongue digestive stub de Tonsilla lingualis hr Jezi na tonzila nl Tonsilla lingualis pl Migda ek j zykowy sr ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin rami dorsales linguae arteriae lingualis GraySubject 144 GrayPage 553 Image Gray559.png Caption Veins of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve has been displaced downward in this preparation. Image2 Caption2 BranchFrom lingual artery BranchTo Vein dorsal lingual veins Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 02 DorlandsSuf 12689933 The dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery consist usually of two or three small branches which arise beneath the Hyoglossus . They ascend to the back part of the dorsum of the tongue , and supply the mucous membrane in this situation, the glossopalatine arch , the tonsil , soft palate , and epiglottis anastomosing with the vessels of the opposite side. Gray s circulatory stub Arteries of head and neck Category Arteries of the head and neck ja ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin venae dorsales linguae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray559.png Caption Veins of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve has been displaced downward in this preparation. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom Source DrainsTo lingual vein Artery dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12850158 The dorsal lingual veins are veins which drain the tongue . circulatory stub Veins of the head and neck Category Veins of the head and neck es Venas dorsales de la lengua ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin ramus suprahyoideus arteriae lingualis GraySubject 144 GrayPage 553 Image Lingual artery.PNG Caption Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries. The branch of the lingual artery is labeled Image2 Caption2 BranchFrom lingual artery BranchTo Vein Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 02 DorlandsSuf 12692238 The suprahyoid branch of lingual artery or hyoid runs along the upper border of the hyoid bone , supplying the muscles attached to it and anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side. circulatory stub Arteries of head and neck Category Arteries of the head and neck ja ... more details
Infobox Vein Name PAGENAME Latin vena profunda linguae GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray559.png Caption Veins of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve has been displaced downward in this preparation. Image2 Caption2 DrainsFrom Source DrainsTo lingual vein Artery deep lingual artery MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre v 05 DorlandsSuf 12851492 The deep lingual vein is a vein which drains the tongue . circulatory stub Veins of the head and neck Category Veins of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Artery Name PAGENAME Latin arteria profunda linguae GraySubject 144 GrayPage 553 Image Gray559.png Caption Veins of the tongue. The hypoglossal nerve has been displaced downward in this preparation. Image2 Caption2 BranchFrom lingual artery BranchTo Vein deep lingual vein Supplies MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre a 61 DorlandsSuf 12155586 The deep lingual artery or ranine artery is the terminal portion of the lingual artery after the sublingual artery is given off. As seen in the picture, it travels superiorly in a tortuous course along the under ventral surface of the tongue , below the Longitudinalis inferior , and above the mucous membrane . It lies on the lateral side of the Genioglossus , the main large extrinsic tongue muscle, accompanied by the lingual nerve . However, as seen in the picture, the deep lingual artery passes inferior to the hyoglossus the cut muscle on the bottom while the lingual nerve not pictured passes superior to it for a comparison, the hypoglossal nerve, pictured, passes superior to the hyoglossus . At the tip of the tongue, it is said to anastomose with the artery of the opposite side, but this is denied by Josef Hyrtl Hyrtl . In the mouth, these vessels are placed one on either side of the frenulum lingu . circulatory stub Gray s Arteries of head and neck Category Arteries of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve Latin rami linguales nervi hypoglossi GraySubject GrayPage Image Gray794.png Caption Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus , and their branches. Image2 Gray795.png Caption2 Plan of hypoglossal nerve. Innervates BranchFrom hypoglossal nerve BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 02 DorlandsSuf 12690555 The lingual branches of hypoglossal nerve are small branches of the hypoglossal nerve which innervate all the muscles of the tongue except for palatoglossus . See also Lingual nerve Cranial nerves Category Cranial nerves neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Infobox Nerve Name Lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve Latin rami linguales nervi glossopharyngei GraySubject 204 GrayPage 909 Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Innervates BranchFrom glossopharyngeal nerve BranchTo MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre r 02 DorlandsSuf 12690550 The lingual branches of glossopharyngeal nerve are two in number one supplies the papill vallat and the mucous membrane covering the base of the tongue the other supplies the mucous membrane and follicular glands of the posterior part of the tongue, and communicates with the lingual nerve . Gray s Cranial nerves Category Cranial nerves neuroanatomy stub ... more details
Orphan date October 2008 Lingual antimicrobial peptide is a peptide found in human or other mammalian saliva that helps the mouth maintain microbial stasis. Bovine lingual antimicrobial peptides are present in multiple tissues including the airway, the gastrointestinal tract, the conjunctiva, and the genitourinary tract. Citations http jn.nutrition.org cgi content full 128 2 297S Category Mouth biology stub ... more details
Anterior lingual glands also called apical glands are deeply placed seromucous gland s that are located near the tip of the tongue on each side of the frenulum linguae . They are found on the under surface of the apex of the tongue, and are covered by a bundle of muscular fibers derived from the Styloglossus and Longitudinalis inferior . They are between 12 to 25 mm. in length, and approximately 8 mm. wide, and each opens by three or four ducts on the under surface of the tongue s apex. The anterior lingual glands are sometimes referred by eponymous names such as Bauhin s glands Named after Swiss anatomist Gaspard Bauhin 1560 1624 . Blandin s glands Named after French surgeon Philippe Fr d ric Blandin 1798 1849 . Nuhn s glands Named after German anatomist Anton Nuhn 1814 1889 . References http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?Blandin s gland Mondofacto Dictionary definition of eponym This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray s Anatomy . As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant. Category Glands Anterior lingual glands ... more details
Infobox Embryology Name Lateral lingual swelling Latin tuberculum linguale laterale GraySubject 241 GrayPage 1102 Image Gray979.png Caption Floor of pharynx of human embryo about twenty six days old. Image2 Gray980.png Caption2 Floor of pharynx of human embryo of about the end of the fourth week. System CarnegieStage Precursor GivesRiseTo MeshName MeshNumber Code Terminologia Embryologica TE E5.4.1.2.0.0.5 During the third week there appears, immediately behind the ventral ends of the two halves of the mandibular arch , a rounded swelling named the tuberculum impar , which was described by Wilhelm His, Jr. His as undergoing enlargement to form the buccal part of the tongue . More recent researches, however, show that this part of the tongue is mainly, if not entirely, developed from a pair of lateral swellings or distal tongue bud which rise from the inner surface of the mandibular arch and meet in the middle line. External links eMedicineDictionary lateral lingual swelling EmbryologyUNC hednk 024 Gray s Embryology of head and neck Category Embryology developmental biology stub ... more details
Eruptive lingual papillitis is a condition characterized by an acute, self limiting inflammatory stomatitis . ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 802 See also List of cutaneous conditions Median rhomboid glossitis Smooth tongue Skin lesion References reflist Cutaneous condition stub Category Conditions of the mucous membranes ... more details
Post lingual deafness is a deafness which develops after the acquisition of speech and language, usually after the age of six. Post lingual hearing impairments are far less common than prelingual deafness . Typically, hearing loss is gradual, and often detected by family and friends of the people so affected long before the patients themselves will acknowledge the disability. Causes In some cases, the loss is extremely sudden and can be traced to specific diseases, such as meningitis , or to ototoxic medications, such as Gentamicin . In both cases, the final degree of loss varies. Some experience only partial loss, while others become Profound hearing loss profoundly deaf . Hearing aids and cochlear implant s may be used to regain a sense of hearing, with different people experiencing differing degrees of success. It is possible that the affected person may need to rely on speech reading and or sign language for communication. In most cases the loss is a long term degradation in hearing loss. Discrediting earlier notions of presbycusis , Rosen demonstrated that long term hearing loss is usually the product of chronic exposure to environmental noise in industrialized countries Rosen, 1965 . The U.S. United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency has asserted the same sentiment and testified before the U.S. Congress that approximately 34 million Americans are exposed to noise pollution levels mostly from roadway and aircraft noise that expose humans to noise health effects including the risk of hearing loss EPA, 1972 . Certain genetic conditions can also lead to post lingual deafness. In contrast to genetic causes of pre lingual deafness , which are frequently autosomal recessive , genetic causes of post lingual deafness tend to be autosomal dominant Treatment In cases where the causes are environmental, the treatment is to eliminate or reduce these causes first of all, and then to fit patients with a hearing aid, especially if they are elderly ... more details
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