Italic title Taxobox Color parameter is not needed automatically assigned name Lentivirus virus group vi familia Retroviridae subfamilia Orthoretrovirinae genus Lentivirus type species Human immunodeficiency virus 1 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Bovine lentivirus group br Bovine immunodeficiency virus Jembrana disease virus Equine lentivirus group br Equine infectious anemia virus Feline lentivirus group br Feline immunodeficiency virus Puma lentivirus Ovine caprine lentivirus group br Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus Visna virus Visna maedi virus Primate lentivirus group br Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus 2 Simian immunodeficiency virus Lentivirus lenti , Latin for slow is a genus of Slow virus slow virus es of the Retroviridae family biology family , characterized by a long incubation period . Lentiviruses can deliver a significant amount of Genetics genetic information into the DNA of the Host biology host cell and have the unique ability among retroviruses of being able to replicate in non dividing cells, so they are one of the most efficient methods of a Vector molecular biology gene delivery vector . Human immunodeficiency virus HIV , Simian immunodeficiency virus SIV , and Feline immunodeficiency virus FIV are all examples of lentiviruses .... Lentivirus is primarily a research tool used to introduce a gene product into in vitro systems or animal ... a gene product to treat a disease. Another common application is to use a lentivirus to introduce ... author Shi Q, Wilcox DA, Fahs SA, et al. title Lentivirus mediated platelet derived factor VIII ... ICTVdb ICTVdB 61060000.htm ICTV taxonomy of Lentivirus cite journal author title Lentiviruses ... viralzone all by species 264.html Viralzone Lentivirus Retroviruses Category Lentiviruses ca Lentivirus de Lentiviren es Lentivirus fr Lentivirus it Lentivirus pl Lentiwirusy pt Lentivirus ru sv Lentivirus zh ... more details
Puma lentivirus PLV is a retrovirus . ref name pmid14501789 cite journal author VandeWoude S, Hageman CL, Hoover EA title Domestic cats infected with lion or puma lentivirus develop anti feline immunodeficiency virus immune responses journal J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. volume 34 issue 1 pages 20 31 year 2003 month September pmid 14501789 doi url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?issn 1525 4135&volume 34&issue 1&spage 20 ref A study in 2003 indicated that domestic cats infected with puma lentivirus PLV or lion lentivirus LLV began producing anti FIV immune responses. ref http journals.lww.com jaids Abstract 2003 09010 Domestic Cats Infected with Lion or Puma.3.aspx ref References reflist Retroviruses HIV analogues Category Lentiviruses virus stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Jembrana disease is a viral disease of cattle . Its first documented outbreak occurred in 1964 in Indonesia , affecting Bali cattle Bos javanicus . The virus belongs to the Lentivirae , commonly Lentivirus , which include immunodeficiency viruses such as HIV . There is at least one strain that has been sequenced see references . Sources http www.vetbiomed.murdoch.edu.au research virology research.html www.vetbiomed.murdoch.edu.au http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Taxonomy Browser wwwtax.cgi?mode Info&id 36370&lvl 3&p nuccore&p protein&p genome&p genomeproj&lin f&keep 1&srchmode 1&unlock www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Category Bovine diseases Disease stub ... more details
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis CAE is a Lentivirus lentiviral infection of goats which may lead to Chronic medicine chronic disease of the joints and on rare occasions encephalitis . The symptoms of this disease are varied. Mature goats can develop arthritis and find walking painful. The knee joints may be inflamed and swollen, and the goats will slowly lose condition. In some cases they will not be able to stand. As of 2009 there is no known cure. Goats which test positive for the disease are typically separated from the rest of the herd. Sources http www.vet.uga.edu VPP clerk logan index.php http www.vetmed.wsu.edu depts waddl caefaq.aspx Category Sheep and goat diseases ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A slow virus is a virus , or a viruslike agent, etiologically associated with a disease having a long incubation period of months to years with a gradual onset frequently terminating in severe illness and or death. A slow virus disease is a disease that follows a slow, progressive course spanning months to years, frequently involving the central nervous system and ultimately leading to death examples are visna and maedi of sheep, caused by viruses of the genus Lentivirus family Retroviridae , and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis , apparently caused by the measles virus . Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies TSEs , including Creutzfeldt Jakob disease of humans, scrapie of sheep, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE of cattle may also be classified under slow virus disease but are now considered to be prion diseases. A Prion Viral hypothesis minority of researchers believe, however, that prion diseases are caused by an as yet unidentified slow virus. Characteristics of slow virus diseases are They have long incubation periods ranging from months to years. They have slow but relentless progressive courses terminating fatally. They have a genetic pre disposition. The immune system does not seem to play a role in its protection. See also Clinical latency Virus latency DEFAULTSORT Slow Virus Med stub ja Category Virology ... more details
Taxobox color violet virus group vi familia Retroviridae genus Lentivirus Bovine immunodeficiency virus previously known as bovine visna like virus and bovine immunodeficiency like virus , from the subfamily lentivirinae , is a retrovirus that causes disease in cattle . ref name Review cite journal author St Louis MC, Cojocariu M, Archambault D title The molecular biology of bovine immunodeficiency virus a comparison with other lentiviruses journal Anim Health Res Rev volume 5 issue 2 pages 125 43 year 2004 month December pmid 15984320 doi url http journals.cambridge.org abstract S146625230400009X ref ref name pmid10811930 cite journal author Carpenter S, Vaughn EM, Yang J, Baccam P, Roth JA, Wannemuehler Y title Antigenic and genetic stability of bovine immunodeficiency virus during long term persistence in cattle experimentally infected with the BIV R29 isolate journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 81 issue Pt 6 pages 1463 72 year 2000 month June pmid 10811930 doi url http vir.sgmjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10811930 ref References reflist virus stub Retroviruses HIV analogues Category Lentiviruses ... more details
4 ref Maedi Visna virus was the first lentivirus to be isolated and characterized, accomplished in 1957 ... sequence of the visna lentivirus relationship to the AIDS virus journal Cell volume 42 issue ... and HIV as lentivirus es was first published in 1985 by Visna researcher Janice E. Clements and colleagues .... Sequence homology and morphologic similarity of HTLV III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus ... more details
of the lentiviruses, describing the genomic structure of Visna virus , a lentivirus of sheep. She ... similarity of HTLV III and visna virus, a pathogenic lentivirus. url journal Science volume 227 issue 4683 pages 173 7 pmid 2981428 ref This article helped to establish HIV as a lentivirus ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 jargon February 2010 NOTOC The RNAi Consortium , or TRC, is a public private partnership whose mission is to create libraries of small hairpin RNA s shRNAs for 15 000 human and 15 000 mouse gene s. These libraries should help the scientific community to analyse gene function by RNAi . The consortium is based at the Broad Institute of the MIT and Harvard University , and includes 6 MIT and Harvard associated institutions and 5 international life sciences organizations. Verified RNAi clones and entire libraries are made available both by Sigma Aldrich and Open Biosystems . Hairpin selection A set of candidate hairpins are selected based on the 1st Refseq transcription genetics transcript from each National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI gene. They should be 21mers, be at least 25bp from start of the coding sequence and no closer than 150bp from its end. Candidates are scored based on various Empirical method empirical rules see the Broad Institute s web site for a complete list http www.broad.mit.edu genome bio trc rules.html and then BLAST ed against 2 transcriptome sets. Hairpins that are unique for a Unigene cluster and a RefSeq NM identifier are preferred. Lastly, the candidates are spaced to have 1 hairpin in the 3 UTR 3 untranslated region and 4 in the coding sequence. Hairpin vector Selected hairpins are cloned into the viral vector vector pLKO1, which is a multipurpose plasmid that can be propagated in bacteria , transfection transfect ed into mammal ian cell line s or used for generation of lentivirus es. It contains Antibiotic resistance resistance gene s against ampicillin and puromycin . Release Release 1 of the TRC lentiviral shRNA libraries consist of about 35 000 shRNA constructs against 5300 human 25 000 clones and 2200 mouse genes 10 000 clones . Release 2 of the human shRNA library contained an additional 9 500 clones. Releases occur roughly every quarter. The completing of both mouse and human librarie ... more details
has multiple methods of targeting and ridding itself of any cells infected with the lentivirus ... an adaptive immune response in addition to any innate immune response initiated by the lentivirus. Because ... more details
or leukemia . Lentiviruses main Lentivirus Image Lentiviral vector.png thumb right 300px Packaging and transduction by a lentiviral vector. Lentivirus es are a subclass of Retroviruses. They have ... for possible applications of lentiviruses in gene therapy. However, studies have shown that lentivirus .... To produce a lentivirus, several plasmid s are transfection transfected into a so ... more details
Taxobox color violet name Equine infectious anemia virus image Equine infectious anemia virus.jpg image caption virus group vi familia Retroviridae genus Lentivirus species Equine infectious anemia virus Equine Infectious Anemia or Equine Infectious Anaemia EIA , also known by horsemen as swamp fever , is a horse disease caused by a retrovirus and transmitted by bloodsucking insects. The virus is endemic in the Americas , parts of Europe , the Middle East Middle and Far East , Russia , and South Africa . The virus is a lentivirus , like human immunodeficiency virus HIV . Like HIV, EIA can be transmitted through blood, saliva, milk, and body secretions. Transmission is primarily through biting flies, such as the horse fly and deer fly deer fly . ref cite web title Equine Infectious Anemia Introduction work The Merck Veterinary Manual date 2006 url http www.merckvetmanual.com mvm index.jsp?cfile htm bc 52800.htm accessdate 2007 06 23 ref The virus survives up to 4 hours in the carrier. Contaminated surgical equipment and recycled needles and syringe s, and Bit horse bit s ref http www.agr.state.nc.us vet FactSheets equine.htm Equine Infectious Anemia EIA , North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , retrieved December 19, 2008. ref can transmit the disease. Mares can transmit the disease to their foals via the placenta . The risk of transmitting the disease is greatest when an infected horse is ill, as the blood levels of the virus are then highest. Stages Acute medical Acute The acute form is a sudden onset of the disease at full force. Symptoms include high fever, anemia due to the breakdown of red blood cell s , weakness, swelling of the lower abdomen and legs, weak pulse, and irregular heartbeat. The horse may die suddenly. Subacute A slower, less severe progression of the disease. Symptoms include recurrent fever, weight loss, an enlarged spleen felt during a rectal examination , anemia, and swelling of the lower chest, abdominal wall, penile ... more details
The tripartite motif family is a protein family. ref name pmid11331580 cite journal author Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, et al. title The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments journal EMBO J. volume 20 issue 9 pages 2140 51 year 2001 pmid 11331580 doi 10.1093 emboj 20.9.2140 pmc 125245 ref Function Many TRIM proteins are induced by interferon s, which are important component of resistance to pathogens and several TRIM proteins are known to be required for the restriction of infection by lentivirus es. TRIM proteins are involved in pathogen recognition and by regulation of transcriptional pathways in host defence. ref name pmid18836477 cite journal author Ozato K, Shin DM, Chang TH, Morse HC title TRIM family proteins and their emerging roles in innate immunity journal Nat. Rev. Immunol. volume 8 issue 11 pages 849 60 year 2008 month November pmid 18836477 doi 10.1038 nri2413 url ref Structure The tripartite motif is always present at the N terminus of the TRIM proteins. The TRIM motif includes the following three domains ref name pmid11331580 cite journal author Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, Merla G, Cairo S, Luzi L, Riganelli D, Zanaria E, Messali S, Cainarca S, Guffanti A, Minucci S, Pelicci PG, Ballabio A title The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments journal EMBO J. volume 20 issue 9 pages 2140 51 year 2001 month May pmid 11331580 pmc 125245 doi 10.1093 emboj 20.9.2140 url accessdate 2009 02 22 ref 1 a RING finger domain RING finger domain 2 one or two B box zinc finger domains when only one B box is present, it is always a type 2 B box when two B boxes are present the type 1 B Box always precedes the type 2 B Box 3 coiled coil region The C terminus of TRIM proteins contain either Group 1 proteins a C terminal domain selected from the following list NHL and IGFLMN domains, either in association or alone PHD finger PHD domain associated with a bromodomain MATH domain in e.g., TRIM37 ARF domain in e.g., TRIM23 EXOIII domain in ... more details
A genetically modified virus is a virus that has gone through genetic modification for various biomedical purposes. General usage Genetic modification involves the insertion or deletion of genes. When genes are inserted, they usually come from a different species, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer . In nature this can occur when exogenous DNA penetrates the cell membrane for any reason. To do this artificially may require attaching the genes to a virus or just physically inserting the extra DNA into the nucleus of the intended host with a very small syringe, or with very small particles fired from a gene gun . ref cite journal author Johnston SA, Tang DC title Gene gun transfection of animal cells and genetic immunization journal Methods in Cell Biology volume 43 Pt A issue pages 353 365 year 1994 pmid 7823871 oclc 31189762 ref However, other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, ref cite journal author Lee LY, Gelvin SB title T DNA binary vectors and systems journal Plant Physiol. volume 146 issue 2 pages 325 332 year 2008 month February pmid 18250230 pmc 2245830 doi 10.1104 pp.107.113001 oclc 1642351 ref or the ability of lentivirus es to transfer genes to animal cells. ref cite journal author Park F title Lentiviral vectors are they the future of animal transgenesis? journal Physiol. Genomics volume 31 issue 2 pages 159 173 year 2007 month October pmid 17684037 doi 10.1152 physiolgenomics.00069.2007 url http physiolgenomics.physiology.org cgi content full 31 2 159 oclc 37367250 ref Lithium ion batteries In materials science, a genetically modified virus has been used to construct a more environmentally friendly lithium ion battery . ref http web.mit.edu newsoffice 2009 virus battery 0402.html New virus built battery could power cars, electronic devices ref ref http www.npr.org templates story story.php?storyId 102647672 Hidden Ingredient In New, Greener Battery A Viru ... more details
FB, Scott ML, and van Parijs L 2003 A lentivirus based system to functionally silence genes in primary ... M, McManus MT, Gertler FB, Scott ML, and van Parijs L 2007 Corrigendum A lentivirus based system ... more details
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