Latgalians allied with German mainly Saxon crusade rs and their lands were incorporated in unclear ... that the Latvian term latgalie i Latgalians , in the sense of Eastern Latvians , dates only to the early 20th century . Image Baltic Tribes c 1200.svg thumb 200px left Latgalians in the context ... accurate source of information about the ancient Western Latgalians comes from archaeology . In the lands of the Western and the Eastern Latgalians, about 80 flat cemeteries of Western Latgalian ... called Eastern Latgalians migrated to the territory of present day Latgale in the 7th and 10th ... also believe, that the Eastern Latgalians formed from the most ancient East Baltic inhabitants ... have been traditionally used as synonyms describing both the ancient and contemporary Latgalians as a part ... in Latvia and from 1940 to 1988 in exile. Since the cultural revival of Latgalians in 1988, there is a tendency ... more details
in Latvia and from 1940 to 1988 in exile. Since the cultural revival of Latgalians in 1988, there is a tendency ... history Modern Latgalians developed as a result of two main factors 1 Latgalians having preserved more ... promoted a united Latvian culture, fostering assimilation of Latgalians, especially after the coup ..., the Latgalians were scheduled for genocide complete extermination , while only half of the Latvian ... Latgalian emblem Latgalians continued to publish books and periodicals abroad. Publishing in Latgalian ... language. Some Latgalians consider themselves to be an ethnic group separate from Latvians. The majority opinion is, however, that present day Latgalians are a subgroup of the Latvians. The number of people ... does not identify Latgalians as a separate group in census data. Additionally, the majority view is that Latgalians appeared because Latgale was part of Poland for 100 years and later under Russian ... Latgalians Modern Category Ethnic groups in Latvia ru uk ... more details
from latga i , which refers to the ancient tribe, though some modern Latgalians prefer latga i latgal i in Latgalian, sometimes latgali Latgalians, Latgallians, or Lettigalls in English, and are sometimes referred to as anga i sometimes derogatory the reference is to a novel, and Latgalians ... that Latgalians modern Latgalians were long refrred to as Vitebsk Latvians or Inflantians Latgalian ... language Latvian . Many Latgalians still speak the local dialect, which has a standardized written ... Latgalians inhabited parts of modern Pskov Oblast in Russia and Vitsebsk Voblast in Belarus. In the first ... Latgalians modern LatgaliansLatgalians ancient Latgalian language Latgale in foreign languages lang ... more details
Infobox Military Conflict conflict Livonian Crusade image caption date 1210 place just south from Valmiera , Latvia result Estonian tribes victory combatant1 Image Cross livonia.png 13px Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brothers combatant2 Estonians commander1 ? commander2 ? strength1 Unknown strength2 Unknown casualties1 Heavy casualties casualties2 Low casualties Battle of mera lang et mera lahing , lang lv Kauja pie Imeras recorded by Henry of Livonia was fought near Valmiera lang et Volmari on the mera river in 1210 , during the Livonian Crusade between Estonians and Crusaders. The Estonians won the battle. ref cite book title Estonia Identity and Independence last Subrena first Jean Jacques authorlink coauthors year 2004 publisher Rodopi location isbn 9042008903 pages 301 url http books.google.com books?id ZVhpAAAAMAAJ&q Umera&pgis 1 search ref The Estonian troops moved across the Gauja Koiva river and stopped at its tributary the next day for an ambush. The chasing Livonians and Latgalians assumed that their enemy was escaping with their head over heels which also had been confirmed by their scouts. The German squad was moving in front with the Livonians and Latgalians behind them. The hidden Estonians in the forest around mera charged the enemy unexpectedly. The attack was a success. Many Germans, Livonians and Latgalians were killed. The Germans had tried to regroup around their banner, but as soon as their reinforcements escaped, they too fled the battlefield. The Estonians chased them and some were captured and killed on the scene. According to the Livonian Chronicle , out of 14 prisoners some were burned alive and others had been made a cross on their backs with a sword before executing them as well. A victory over the Livonian Order was a huge morale booster for the Estonians. A message of this feat was sent to all counties and they promised to be as one heart and one soul against the Christian name . ref cite book title Eesti ajalugu 1. osa last ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Battle of C sis 1210 partof Livonian Crusade place C sis , Latvia date 1210 result Estonian retreat combatant1 Counties of Ancient Estonia combatant2 Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brethren , vends br Livonians br Latgalians strength1 ? strength2 ? casualties1 ? casualties2 Heavy casualties The Battle of Cesis was fought between native Estonian forces and the Germanic knights known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and their allies during the Livonian Crusade . In 1210 the Estonian counties launched several raids on the strongholds in Latvia , guarded by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brethren . A large number of Estonian troops began besieging the stronghold of C sis , which had become a very important strongpoint for the Livonian Order. The Estonians attempted to set the stronghold on fire by building a large turret . Attacking from above and below, the defenders were put in a difficult situation. The stronghold was attacked for three days and the defenders probabaly wouldn t have been able to keep defending it, if on the fourth day the besiegers hadn t unexpectedly left. The Estonians had received a message from their scouts that a large number of enemy troops was heading towards C sis to relieve the army trapped inside the stronghold. Without waiting for the whole relief army, the besieged troops began chasing the retreating Estonian army with some of the newly arrived Livonians and Latgalians. ref cite book title Eesti ajalugu 1. osa last M esalu first Ain authorlink coauthors year 1997 publisher Avita location isbn 9985200438 pages 168 url http www.raamatukoi.ee cgi bin raamat?277 ref In the Battle of mera which followed, the Estonians turned on their pursuers and soundly defeated them. References reflist coord missing Latvia Category C sis Category 1210 in Europe Category Battles of the Livonian Crusade Category Battles involving Estonia Category Battles involving the Livonian Order Category Conflicts in ... more details
rai i lake dwelling site is a popular tourist location with original and reconstructed remnants of Latvia n prehistory . It is a unique nationally important archaeological site remains of the 9th 10th centuries Latgalians Latgalian settlement on the island of rai i lake. File Araisi.jpg thumb rai i lake dwelling site in 2010 Today the lake dwelling is partially reconstructed and visitors can see rebuilt prehistoric Latgalian wooden buildings. During the excavations remains of 151 wooden buildings were discovered, with 3700 Artifact archaeology artefacts , and about a hundred thousand fragments of pottery were found. Using collected data, ethnographic parallels and replicas of ancient tools, today there are 14 reconstructed buildings of the first period of the construction of the fortress. External links http www.ltg.lv araisu.ezerpils lv icon http www.vietas.lv index.php?p 2&id 7507 lv icon coord 57 15 5 N 25 16 58 E source lvwiki region LV type landmark display title DEFAULTSORT Araisi Category Archaeological sites in Latvia Category Former populated places in Latvia Vidzeme geo stub et rai i j rvelinnus ltg Uorai u azara pi s lv rai u ezerpils ... more details
Infobox military structure name R zekne Castle partof location Latgale , R zekne , Latvia coordinates image Image Rezekne castle.JPG 300px right caption Biggest remnant of R zekne Castle ruins image2 caption2 type Castle code built 1285 builder Livonian Order materials height used demolished 17th. century condition Ruins ownership open to public controlledby garrison current commander commanders occupants battles events unreferenced date January 2009 R zekne Castle ruins are located in the centre of R zekne , Latvia , a city in the centre of Latgale . History Archeological excavations shows, that in the ninth to twelfth century, a Latgalians Latgalian wooden fortress was situated in the place where the castle ruins are now located. When the Latgalian fortress was destroyed is unknown. However in 1285 , the Livonian Order built a two storey stone castle with towers in the same location. Until the sixteenth century, the castle served as a base of the local Livonian order landlord . It was also the main military support base for battles with Russians and Lithuanians . The castle was ravaged and rebuilt many times. When it was destroyed in the middle of seventeenth century it was not rebuilt. Today on the ancient castle hill some fragments of stone walls and basics can be seen. Castles in Latvia coord missing Latvia DEFAULTSORT Rezekne Castle Category R zekne Category Castles in Latvia Category Castles of the Livonian Order lv R zeknes pilskalns ... more details
For the 20th century battle in Belfast Battle of St. Matthews Infobox military conflict conflict Battle of St. Matthew s Day partof Northern Crusades image caption date September 21, 1217 place Near Viljandi , Estonia result Crusaders victory combatant1 Counties of Ancient Estonia combatant2 Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brethren br Livonians br Latgalians commander1 Lembitu of Lehola commander2 Volquin br Caupo of Turaida strength1 6000 strength2 3000 casualties1 1000 1400 casualties2 ? The Battle of St. Matthew s Day lang et Madisep eva lahing was fought near Viljandi on September 21, 1217 ref Battle of St. Matthew s Day on September 21, 1217 Cite book title Eastern Europe last Frucht first Richard authorlink coauthors year 2005 publisher ABC CLIO location isbn 9781576078006 pages url http books.google.com books?id lVBB1a0rC70C&pg PA69&dq 22Battle of St. Matthew 27s Day 22&as brr 3&sig ACfU3U0GDcbGx p3uPTO7 7WF m5yjJ8uA ref ref Battle of St. Matthew s Day September 21 Cite book title Historical Dictionary of Estonia last Miljan first Toivo authorlink coauthors year 2004 publisher Scarecrow Press location isbn 9780810849044 pages url http books.google.com books?id XKWRct15XfkC&pg PA2&dq 22Battle of St. Matthew 27s Day 22&as brr 3&sig ACfU3U2nNmOrTYWc6pc L9MFgvcf9ejYgA PPA2,M1 ref during the Livonian Crusade . The adversaries were the German crusading order the Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brethren with their recently converted Livonians Livonian and Latgalians Latgalian allies and an army of 6000 Estonia n men from different counties, led by Lembitu , who had attempted to unify the Estonians. The Germans won, Lembitu and Caupo of Turaida converted Livonian chieftain, fought on the order s side were killed. Also many others were forced to convert. References Reflist coord missing Estonia Use mdy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT St. Matthew s Day, Battle Of Category Battles of the Livonian Crusade Category Battles involving Estonia Category Battle ... more details
Infobox military conflict conflict Livonian Crusade image caption date 1215 place Riga , Latvia result Crusaders victory combatant1 Image Cross livonia.png 13px Livonian Brothers of the Sword Sword Brothers combatant2 Estonians commander1 ? commander2 ? strength1 Unknown strength2 Unknown casualties1 Unknown casualties2 Unknown The Battle of Riga was an attempt by native Estonian forces to repel the Germanic knights known as the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and their allies during the Livonian Crusade . In 1215 , after the raid of Ridala Parish Ridala and the loss of the L havere Leole stronghold, Estonians Estonian forces agreed to co operate for a large scale counter offensive. A strategic plan was formed, with the hoped for result of the complete destruction of the nearby German colonies . According to the plan, the Oeselians were to close the Daugava River estuary and besiege the city of Riga , the L ne County Rotalians were to attack the Livonians in Turaida , and the Sakala County Sackalians and Ungannians were to harass the Latgalians , preventing them from coming to the assistance of Riga. At the end of April or beginning of May 1215, the Oeselians closed the estuary of the Daugava River. Old ships and wooden obstacles built on the spot were filled with rocks and sunk to prevent German Cog ship cog s from escaping to sea, and Oeselian troops took up positions in a field just outside of Riga. When a strong enemy force charged out of the city, they pulled back to the estuary to await reinforcements. Unexpectedly for the besiegers, two German cogs arrived from the sea. Threatened with being caught between two armies, the Oeselian fleet decided to break out to the sea. In the meantime, Malev military unit malevs from other counties were engaging in the areas of Livonians and Latgalians . They didn t achieve much success because the villagers had been able to take shelter in the strongholds. The hoped for cooperative attack didn t bring any results due to the ... more details
Infobox Coat of arms name Coat of arms of Vidzeme image Coat of Arms of Vidzeme.svg image width 120 middle middle width lesser lesser width armiger year adopted shield crest supporters other elements earlier versions use Vidzeme lang liv Vidum is one of the cultural regions of Latvia historical and cultural regions of Latvia . Literally meaning the Middle Land it is situated in north central Latvia north of the Daugava River . Sometimes in German language German it is also known as Livland German form from Latin Livonia , though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half Latvian part of Swedish Livonia . Vidzemes guber a Livland Governorate is also bigger than Vidzeme, since it corresponds roughly to Swedish Livonia . History In ancient times the territory of Vidzeme was inhabitated by Latgalians and Livonians Livs near the coast of the Gulf of Riga and along the lower reaches of the Daugava River Daugava and Gauja rivers . Until the Livonian Crusade German conquest in the 13th century the Daugava, which now forms the south east border of Vidzeme, was the boundary between the lands of the Livs and Latgalians on the right bank and those of the Semigallians and Selonians on the left bank of the river. The most notable Latgalian region in today s Vidzeme was T lava . After the Livonian War part of the Livonian Confederation on the right bank of the Daugava river and the Patrimony of Riga was ceded to the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Duchy of Livonia the left bank forming the Duchy of Courland and Semigalia . After the Polish Swedish War 1600 1629 Polish Swedish War concluded by the Truce of Altmark in 1629 Sweden acquired the western part of the Duchy of Livonia roughly as far as the Aiviekste River , since then forming Vidzeme s eastern border. During the course of the Great Northern War Swedish Livonia was conquered by the Russian Empire and ceded to Russia at the Treaty of Nystad in 1721. In place of Livonia the Russians created t ... more details
are Latvians . There is a culturally and linguistically distinct subgroup, the Latgalians modern Latgalians , who inhabit the Latgale region in eastern Latvia. Another indigenous group are the Livonians ... more details
Infobox Former Country native name T lava conventional long name Eldership of T lava common name T lava continent Europe region Latvia year start before 1180 year end 1224 date start date end event start event end p1 flag p1 s1 Bishopric of Riga flag s1 Archbishopric of Riga.svg s2 Livonian Brothers of the Sword flag s2 SwordBrothers.svg image flag image coat image map image map caption religion Latgalians Latgalian paganism , Eastern Orthodox Church capital Bever na municipality Bever na stat area1 stat pop1 stat year1 stat area2 stat pop2 stat year2 government type Eldership title leader Elder administrative title Elder leader1 T livaldis year leader1 leader2 year leader2 common languages Ancient Latgalian currency T lava was a Latgalians Latgalian county in the northern Vidzeme and northern Latgale region of today s Latvia . It was bordered by the Latgalian principality of Jersika to the south, the Livonian counties of Metsepole and Idumeja to the west, the Estonia Estonian counties of Sakala and Ugandi to the north and the Russian Novgorod Republic to the east. T lava was first mentioned in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia in 1207 as the Christian county of Tholowa . ref http www.columbia.edu cu cup catalog data 023112 0231128886.HTM The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia translated and edited by James A. Brundage, Columbia University, 1961 revised 2003 288 pages ISBN 0231128886 ref Russian chronicles refer to the county of Atzele which was probably the eastern part of T lava. History After Mstislav Rostislavich The Brave , prince of Novgorod , rode against the Chud during the winter of 1179 1180, T lava was forced to pay tribute to Novgorod. The leader of T lava, T livaldis and his sons were baptized in the Eastern Orthodox faith. In 1208 T livaldis, together with the Latgalian leaders R si of Satekle and Varidots of Autine , established a military alliance with the Livonian Brothers of the Sword . The Sword Brothers promised their help against the Novgorod ... more details
Infobox language name Selonian nativename Selian altname Selsko kalba states Latvia and Lithuania region Europe extinct 16th century familycolor Indo European fam2 Balto Slavic languages Balto Slavic fam3 Eastern Baltic languages Eastern Baltic iso3 sxl notice IPA Selonian was a language appertaining to the Baltic languages group of the Indo European language s family. It was spoken by the Balts Eastern Baltic tribe of the Selonians , who until the 15th century lived in Selonia , a territory in South Eastern Latvia and North Eastern Lithuania . During the 13th 15th centuries the Selonians lost their language after being assimilated by the Latgalians and partly by the Lithuanians . It is considered that the Selonian language retained the proto Baltic phonemes an , en , in , un like the Lithuanian language , but like the Latvian language the proto Baltic IPA k , IPA changed to c , dz , and the proto Baltic , changed to s , z . Traces of the Selonian language can still be found in the territories the Selonians inhabited, especially in the accent and phonetics of the so called Selonian dialect of the Latvian language . There are some traces of the Selonian language in the North Eastern sub dialects of the Auk taitian dialect of Lithuanian language , mostly in the lexicon. Baltic languages DEFAULTSORT Selonian Language Category Baltic languages Category West Baltic languages Category Medieval languages Category Extinct Baltic languages Ie lang stub ca Seli da Selisk sprog de Selonische Sprache fa fr S lonien ko it Lingua selonica lv S u valoda lt S li kalba mk no Selisk pl J zyk selo ski ru ... more details
S lpils or S pils or Selpils lang la castrum Selonum , the castle of the Selonians , German language German Selburg was the military and political center of ancient Selonia , a Balts Baltic land that lay in what is now northern Lithuania and in southern Latvia east of the Semigallians Semigallian lands and mostly on the left bank of the Daugava river. Archaeological evidence shows that S lpils, 17 km northwest of modern J kabpils , was a major settlement between the 10th and 13th centuries. Used as a base for raids by the Selonians and their Lithuanians Lithuanian allies into Latgalians Latgalian and Livonians Livonian lands, S lpils was first mentioned in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia , which describes its capture by the Livonian Brothers of the Sword Livonian Order and their Christianity Christianized ethnic Livonian allies in 1208. S lpils was briefly the seat of a Selonian diocese 1218 1226 , and then came under the rule of the Livonian Order, which constructed fortifications there for the Advocate lang de Vogt of the Order. These were destroyed by the Sweden Swedes in 1704, during the Great Northern War , and only traces of the foundations are visible at the site today. References Arveds v be, ed. Latvju enciklop dija . Stockholm Tr s Zvaigznes, 1952 1953. Edgars Andersons, ed. Latvju enciklop dija 1962 1982 . Lincoln American Latvian Association, 1983 1990. Entry S lija available at http www.historia.lv alfabets S Se selija encik selija le 1962.htm historia.lv . Retrieved 26 February 2006. Vytautas Kazakevi ius http www.istorija.lt la arch20 01engKazok.htm Selonian archaeological sites in Lithuania Retrieved 26 February 2006. coord 56 31 38 N 25 36 50 E source lvwiki region LV type city display title DEFAULTSORT Selpils Category History of Latvia Category Destroyed cities Category Archaeological sites in Latvia Category Former populated places in Eastern Europe Category Castles of the Livonian Order Latvia geo stub de S lpils lv Vecs lpils lt S lpil ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2009 Infobox military structure name Ludza Castle partof location Ludza, Latvia coordinates image Image Ludza.JPG 307px caption Part of the castle ruins image2 caption2 type Castle code built 14th c. builder Livonian Order materials brick, stone height used demolished 1654 condition ruins up to 3 floors high ownership open to public yes controlledby garrison current commander commanders occupants battles events Ludza Castle is located in the centre Ludza , Latvia , a small town in eastern Latgale . History Once largest and strongest fortress in Latgale built by the Livonian Order in 14th century. This stone and brick structure replaced the wooden fortress built by the ancient Latgalians . The Ludza stone castle had three stories, six towers, three gates and two foreparts. It served as the eastern outpost for the Livonian order, mainly to guard trade routes from Russia . In 1481 castle was devastated by Russians. However it was rebuilt in 1525 , only to be destroyed in 1654 by Russian troops on order by the Russian tsar Aleksey. Since then the castle was abandoned and left in ruins. Nowadays impressive fragments of castle walls including a three floors high fragment remain. Main tourist attraction and symbol of the town and entire Ludza District . Castles in Latvia coord missing Latvia Category Ludza Category Castles in Latvia Category Castles of the Livonian Order lv Ludzas pils ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Dr. Valdis Juris Zeps May 29, 1932 in Daugavpils , Latvia July 25, 1996 in Riga , Latvia was a Latvian American linguist and college professor. Early life and family His parent s, Jazeps and Anna Zeps, were World War II refugee s. In 1944, he fled the Occupation of Latvia 1940 1945 Russian occupation of Latvia with his parents and sibling brother , Aivars Zeps. They arrived first in the displaced persons camp of Lubeck, Germany , then, after receiving sponsorship, arrived in the United States in 1949. Valdis marriage married Betty Reel Shuford, a costume designer , in 1957. Their child ren are Dace, Valdis, Barbara, and William grandchildren, Sandra, Andrew, Guntis, Monika, and Leo great grandchild, William. Career Valdis studied at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio and received his doctorate in linguistics and sociology from Indiana University Bloomington Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana Bloomington in 1961. He became a professor of linguistics at the University of Wisconsin Madison in 1963. In addition to writing K ves Dels Kurbads partial text at http www.zagarins.net JG jg19 JG19 Turbads.htm , under the Pen name pseudonym J nis Turbads, he was widely published, in over 130 publications and journals, on such topics as Latvian folksong Meter music metrics , the Latvian language, and Latgalians Latgalian exile literature. In 1994, he published The placenames of Latgola A dictionary of East Latvian toponyms . Bibliography Articles Folk Meter and Latvian Verse http www.lituanus.org 1972 72 2 03.htm in Lituanus . 18 2 1972 pg. 10 26. What s Instant Coffee in Latvian? http www.lituanus.org 1987 87 3 03.htm in Lituanus 33 3 1987 pg. 25 36. Books Phoneme subsystems and correspondences in Cheremis dialects, 1960 Concordance and Thesaurus of Cheremis Poetic Language Janua Linguarum with Thomas A. Sebeok , 1961 Latvian and Finnic linguistic convergences Indiana University publication. Uralic and Altaic series , 1962 The placenames of ... more details
. History File Rezekne galv iela 20gads sakums.jpg thumb 200px left R zekne early 20th century A Latgalians ... included Poles, Germans, Russians, and an extreme minority of native Latgalians modern Latgalians ... influence over Latgalia in the 17th and 18th centuries strengthened Catholicism among the native Latgalians modern Latgalians . Incoming populations of Russian Old Believers introduced Russian Orthodox ... more details
. The cultures of the Lithuanians and Latgalians Latvians survived and became the ancestors of the populations ... region Dniepr Balts Dnieper basin rowspan 4 Eastern Middle Balts Latvians Latgalians rowspan 3 Lithuanians ... more details
Infobox language name Latgalian nativename latgal u vol da no capitalization of proper names states Latvia , Russia region Latgalia , Selonia , Vidzeme , Siberia , Bashkiriya speakers 150,000 familycolor Indo European fam2 Balto Slavic languages Balto Slavic fam3 East Baltic languages Eastern Baltic iso3 ltg notice IPA Latgalian language can mean one of the following It was a language spoken by Latgalians in a great part of the area which is now Latvia . Latgalian was a member of the Baltic languages Baltic group of the Indo European languages Indo European language family . ref name Latg Institute http www.hood.edu academics html latgale latgalians detail.shtml Latgale Research Institute ref Historically the Latvian language is derived from Latgalian with additions from a few other languages, e.g. Curonian language Old Curonian , Semigallians Semigallian and Livonian language Livonian . ref name Balts Balts Tribes of Balts ref Nowadays it normally refers to a language spoken in Latgale , the eastern part of Latvia . Sometimes it is referred to as a distinct separate language, while others consider it to be a dialect of Latvian language Latvian . This modern Latgalian developed as a result of two main factors Latgalians modern Latgalians having preserved more features of the archaic tribal Latgalian language than the other Latvians and Latgale being separated for several centuries from other parts of Latvia . History The Latgalian language developed from the 18th century as a literary tradition based on vernaculars spoken by Latvians in the eastern part of Latvia . The first surviving book published in Latgalian is Evangelia toto anno Gospels for the whole year in 1753. The first systems of orthography were borrowed from Polish language Polish and used Antiqua typeface class Antiqua letters. It was very different from the German influenced orthography, usually written in Blackletter or Gothic script, used for the Latvian language in the rest of Latvia . Many Latgal ... more details
Infobox settlement name Al ksne other name settlement type Town image shield Aluksne.png shield size image flag Bandera Aluksne.png flag size image skyline AluksneNeuesSchloss.png imagesize image caption The New Castle of Al ksne coordinates display inline,title coordinates region LV subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Latvia subdivision type1 Districts of Latvia District subdivision name1 Al ksne municipality established title Town rights established date 1920 pushpin map Latvia pushpin label position above pushpin mapsize 300 pushpin map caption Location in Latvia latd 57 latm 25 latNS N longd 27 longm 3 longEW E coordinates type region LV type city nickname leader title Mayor leader name Viktors Litaunieks blank name sec1 blank info sec1 area total km2 14.2 area water km2 area land km2 area metro km2 elevation m 217 population total 9308 population metro population density km2 655 population density metro km2 postal code type Postal code postal code LV 430 1 2 area code type Telephone numbering plan Calling code area code 371 643 timezone1 Eastern European Time EET utc offset1 2 timezone1 DST Eastern European Summer Time EEST utc offset1 DST 3 webpage http www.aluksne.lv dome turisms en.htm Al ksne Audio de Marienburg Marienburg.ogg is a town on the shores of Lake Al ksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia . It is the seat of Al ksne municipality . History The region around Lake Al ksne was originally settled by Finnic languages Finnic speaking tribes, and from the 8th 12th centuries by Latgalians . The date of settlement at the current location of the town, then known as Olysta , Alyst , and Volyst , is given in the chronicle s of Pskov as 1284. The later name Al ksne comes from the Latgalian language Latgalian word ol ksna , meaning a spring in the forest. there is no sign of forest in that word or is there ? The Latgalian inhabitants of the settlement were conquered by the Germans German crusade rs of the Livonian Order ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2011 Citations missing date July 2008 Infobox Ethnic group group Ludza Estonians image File South Estonian language area.jpg 250px caption Southern Estonian language area, Ludza Estonians in eastern corner of Latvia population possibly none regions flag Latvia languages Estonian language Estonian , Latvian language Latvian religions Catholic related other Finnic peoples The Ludza Estonians in Ludza dialect of the Estonian language Estonian Lutsi maarahvas Lutsi Estonians , in Latvian language Latvian Ludzas igau i were a group of ethnic Estonians living in near Ludza , south eastern Latvia . History Most of the Ludza Estonians probably moved into the area in the 17th century during the Great Northern War , but the settlement may have originated earlier. Throughout the era of feudalism , when life was mostly confined to one s near environment, this ethnic group retained its Estonian identity and ethnographic features. Ludza Estonians were originally Lutheranism Lutherans , but became Catholics and had close contacts with neighbouring Latgalians and Belarusians . As long as the church ceremonies and confessions were held in Estonian, the people had little need to speak Latvian language Latvian or Belarusian language Belarusian . Nevertheless, the local Latgalian language Latgalian dialect of Latvian, Belarusian and Russian were spoken to a certain extent in the areas were those people were their neighbours. In manor house manor s, Polish language Polish was heard in Latgale , it was the administrative language at the time . Language By the 19th century the church had become Latvianised and Russian had become the official language and lingua franca . According to Oskar Kallas , who made a studying trip to area in 1893, there were 4,387 Ludza Estonians of whom some 800 could speak Estonian language. In the 1970 sup s sup and 1980 sup s sup , there were some 20 people left in the area still using the Estonian language, but it is now most likely ... more details
Refimprove date May 2009 Infobox Former Country native name Jersika conventional long name Principality of Jersika common name Gerzike continent Europe region Latvia year start before 1203 year end 1239 date start date end event start event end p1 flag p1 s1 Bishopric of Riga flag s1 Archbishopric of Riga.svg s2 Livonian Order flag s2 LivonianOrder.svg image flag image coat image map Jersika.jpg image map caption Map of Principality of Jersika and it s border speculations. religion Orthodox Church , Paganism capital Jersika stat area1 stat pop1 stat year1 stat area2 stat pop2 stat year2 government type Principality title leader Prince rex leader1 Visvaldis year leader1 leader2 year leader2 common languages Ancient Latgalian currency History of Latvia Unsourced image removed File Jersika.jpg thumb 250px The territory of the Principality of Jersika from different sources. The principality of Jersika lang la Gerzika, terra Lettia , lang de Gerzika, Zargrad , lang ru , also known as Lettia was an early medieval principality in eastern modern Latvia. The capital of Jersika was located on a hill fort convert 165 km mi abbr on southeast of Riga . History Jersika was established in the 10th century as an outpost of the principality of Polotsk on the old trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks . It was ruled by Orthodox Church Orthodox Christan princes from the Latgalians Latgalian Polotsk branch of the Rurik Dynasty ref von Keussler, Fr. 1897 Zur Geschichte Bischof Meinhards und des F rstenthums Gercike . Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft f r Geschichte und Altertumskunde der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands a.d. Jahre 1896. Riga. ref . In 1209 Visvaldis , the prince of Jersika, was militarily defeated by bishop Albert of Riga and the Livonian Brothers of the Sword , and his Lithuanian wife taken prisoner. He was forced to submit his kingdom to Albert as a grant to the Archbishopric of Riga Bishopric of Riga , and received back only a portion of it as a fief . ... more details
by William of Modena . History of war War against Livs and Latgalians 1198 1209 File Baltic ... the wooden castle of the Latgalians. In 1209 Albert, leading the forces of the Order, captured ... and Latgalians in 1208, the crusaders initiated raids into Sakala County Sakala and Ugaunia in Southern ... through Livonia , Latgalia, and different Estonian counties, with the Livs, Latgalians and Russians ... more details
Infobox Military Unit unit name Livonian Brothers of the Sword Fratres militi Christi Livoniae image Image SwordBrothers.svg 100px Image Zakon Kawaler w Mieczowych COA.svg 110px caption 1. Seal of the Swordbrothers br 2.Coat of Arms of the Swordbrothers dates 1204 1237 country Terra Mariana allegiance Roman Catholic Church garrison C sis Wenden C sis , Viljandi Fellin Viljandi , Sigulda Segewold Sigulda . Aizkraukle Ascheraden Aizkraukle , Kuld ga Goldingen Kuld ga , Al ksne Marienburg Al ksne , Tallinn Reval Tallinn , Paide Wei enstein Paide battle honours Livonian Crusade notable commanders Master Wenno , Master Volquin Image Medieval Livonia 1260.svg right 300px thumb The Livonian Confederation in 1260. The Livonian Brothers of the Sword lang la Fratres militi Christi Livoniae , lang de Schwertbr derorden were a military order founded by Bishop Albert of Riga in 1202. Pope Innocent III sanctioned the establishment in 1204. The membership of the order comprised Germans German warrior monk s . Alternative names of the Order include the Christ Knights , Sword Brethren , and The Militia of Christ of Livonia . Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule Battle of Schaulen Saule in 1236, the surviving Brothers merged into the Teutonic Order as an autonomous branch and became known as the Livonian Order . History Image LivoniaKnight.jpg thumb left Swordbrothers Albert, Bishop of Riga or Prince Bishop of Livonia , founded the Brotherhood in 1202 to aid the Bishopric of Riga Bishopric of Livonia in the conversion of the paganism pagan Livonian people Livonians , Latgalians and Selonians living across the ancient trade routes from the Gulf of Riga eastwards. From its foundation, the undisciplined Order tended to ignore its supposed vassal age to the bishops. In 1218 Albert asked King Valdemar II of Denmark Valdemar II of Denmark for assistance, but Valdemar instead arranged a deal with the Brotherhood and conquered the Danish Estonia ... more details
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