Unreferenced date March 2011 Notability date March 2011 File Section through railway track and foundation.png 520px thumb right Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub grade. Grading in civil engineering and construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified Grade slope slope , for a construction work such as a Foundation architecture foundation , the base course for a road or a Rail tracks railway , or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage. The earthworks created for such a purpose are often called the sub grade or finished contouring see diagram . Transportation In the case of gravel road s and Earthworks engineering earthworks for certain purposes, grading forms not just the base but the cover and surface of the finished construction, and is often called finished grade . File Motoniveladora 01.jpg 300px thumb right Modern road grader Environmental design In the environmental design professions grading is a specifications and construction component in landscape design , landscape architecture , and architecture projects. It is used for buildings or outdoor amenities regarding Foundation architecture foundations and footings , Grade slope slope Terrace agriculture terracing and stabilizing, aesthetic contouring, and directing surface runoff drainage of stormwater and domestic irrigation runoff flows. clear See also Subgrade Grader machine Grade slope civil engineering and geographical treatment Slope mathematical treatment br Category Road infrastructure Category Gardening aids Category Landscape architecture Category Construction road stub rail stub ... more details
Standards based test s use holistic grading to establish scoring of a paper. It can also be used to assess classroom based work. Rather than counting errors, a paper is judged holistically if it has too many or too few errors to merit a 1, 2 or 3, compared to an anchor paper , or if it meets a writing standard. Projects using holistic grading National Certificate of Educational Achievement New Zealand graduation certificate is based on controversial holistic grading. Graduate Record Examination uses holistic grading. North Carolina Writing project uses holistic grading. Washington Assessment of Student Learning uses holistic grading External links http www.ets.org portal site ets menuitem.c988ba0e5dd572bada20bc47c3921509 ?vgnextoid ef5caf5e44df4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD&vgnextchannel 2b167f95494f4010VgnVCM10000022f95190RCRD What Is Holistic Grading? Standards based Education Reform Category School terminology Category Standards based education Category Standardized tests Category Student assessment and evaluation ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Dablink For other senses of this word, see Grade disambiguation . Pattern grading is the scaling of a pattern to a different size by incrementing important points of the pattern using an algorithm in the clothing and footwear industry. See also Shoe size DEFAULTSORT Pattern Grading Category Shoemaking Fashion stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Contract Grading is a form of grading which results from an instructor to student ... to specific letter grades. Contract grading may be contrasted with other Grade education grading methods, such as grading on a curve or percentile systems. Basis of Contract Grading In traditional grading ... are expected to follow a path that reflects the syllabus. However, the contract grading system allows ... between the student and the professor. With contract grading, students have a say in their curriculum, as well as how their grade is ultimately assessed. For some students this grading system requires ... parties, confirming the agreement for a particular grade. However, the contract grading system ... Grading date no date accessdate September 28, 2007 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070529075603 ... contract grading in a few of the courses he teaches, including his Junior Interdisciplinary Seminar .... Student Reaction to Contract Grading A study published in 1990 received opinions about the contract grading system from 51 undergraduate education majors and 28 graduate students majoring in education ... grading system in a positive manner. They agreed that the grading system and assignments were .... When asked to rank the effectiveness and importance of the various aspects of contract grading ... 0 ED328196&ERICExtSearch SearchType 0 no&accno ED328196 title Student Reaction to Contract Grading date November 2, 1990 accessdate March 7, 2008 ref Advantages Contract grading can enable the student ... of the student, contract grading can also emphasize learning and reduce grade competition. Systems .... According to Bucknell University, contract grading facilitates the development of a partnership ... Contract grading could be viewed as threatening to students who have relied upon structured grading processes. Increased responsibility may cause anxiety for students expecting more common approaches. In addition to concerns for the individual student, contract grading is largely dependent ... more details
In pathology , grading is a measure of the progress of tumor s and other neoplasm s. Some pathology grading systems apply only to malignant neoplasms cancer others apply also to benign neoplasms. The neoplastic grading is a measure of cell anaplasia lack of differentiation in the sampled tumors arising from the hyperplasia of normal tissue. Pathology grading systems classify the microscopic cell appearance abnormality, deviations in their rate of growth, degree of invasiveness and dissemination with the goal of predicting developments at tissue level see also the 4 major histological changes in dysplasia . Cancer is a disorder of cell cycle cell life cycle alteration that leads non trivially to excessive cell proliferation rates, typically longer cell lifespans and poor wikt differentiated ... from see Grading tumors Categories Categories below . Tumors may be graded on four tier, three ... The most commonly used system of grading is as per the guidelines of the American Joint Commission on Cancer. Citation needed date July 2007 As per their standards, the following are the grading categories ... Intermediate grade G3 Poorly differentiated High grade G4 Undifferentiated High grade Systems Grading systems are also different for each type of cancer. The Gleason Grading System Gleason system ref ... histological grading and clinical staging. 1974 journal J. Urol. volume 167 issue 2 Pt 2 pages ... uses a grading score ranging from 2 to 10. Lower Gleason scores describe well differentiated less ... system kidney cancer . Examples of grading schemes border 1 cellspacing 0 Four tier grading scheme Grade ... grade Poorly differentiated Grade 4 Anaplastic Anaplastic border 1 cellspacing 0 Three tier grading ... differentiated border 1 cellspacing 0 Two tier grading scheme Grade 1 Low grade Well differentiated ... Other parameters Tumor kinds that have their own grading system Teratoma Gleason score References references ... en intro.html unice.fr Tumors Category Oncology Category Pathology de Grading fr Grade histologique ... more details
The term high grading in forestry , fishing and mining relates to selectively harvesting goods, to cut the best and leave the rest . In mining, it can also be a term for theft. Forestry In forestry , high grading is a selective type of selection cutting timber harvesting that removes the highest grade of Lumber timber i.e, the most merchantable stems in an area of forest. The stunted, slow growing or poorly formed trees that are left as residuals will, if ecological conditions permit, reseed the space that has been created. Over time the practise of high grading can therefore give rise to forest stands containing stems of less value in terms of timber quality. The opposite of this practice is low grading , where the lower quality trees are periodically harvested, making the genetic stock faster growing and of better timber quality. Fishing High grading is a practice of selectively harvesting fish so that only the best quality fish are brought ashore. The practice is popular in situations under IFQ individual fishing quotas where only a limited number of fish are allowed to be harvested. Following the letter, but not the spirit of the law, fish are caught, and if not considered optimal, thrown back into the ocean. The practice of high grading allows fishers to get high prices for their limited catch but is environmentally destructive because many of the fish returned to the water die. Mining In mining, high grading refers to mining out the portions of the orebody that has the highest grade of material to be mined, however it may also refer to the concealment and theft of valuable gold or silver ore by miner s for personal profit. Common in the United States in the late 19th ... after their shift in the mines, making it easier to foil attempts at theft. blockquote HIGH GRADING AT Tonopah, Nevada TONOPAH . The arrest of four men for high grading took place at Tonopah last ... History of highgrading in California mining DEFAULTSORT High Grading Category Underground mining ... more details
In coin collecting coin grading is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its value as a collector s item. The grading of a coin includes the analysis ..., and the liquidity factor. Overview Coin grading has evolved over the years to a system of finer and finer ... to the letter grading system beginning with the lowest grade Basal State also Poor PO , then continuing ... BU . Gem Uncirculated was roughly equivalent in usage to BU at that time. The British grading system ... a coin under the British grading system is usually an indication that it is at the higher end of its grading classification, e.g. a Good Fine coin will be in a better condition than a coin that is merely ... a very specialized part of numismatics that often has its own ideas about quality and grading compared ..., scarred, and bent copper. Components of coin grading A grade is a shorthand devised by numismatists ... first Doug title The Five Components of Coin Grading year 2001 url http www.coinresource.com articles coin grading criteria.htm ref Quality grading Early grading systems The quality of all coins is not equal ... their value. Rims, nicks, polishing, scratches and other forms of wear are considered factors in grading a coin. Also, if coins have been in some form of jewelry also affects the grading. In the early ... approaching the state of the coin at the mint. . ref cite web title Coin Grading Standards url http www.fleur de coin.com articles coingradehistory.asp ref The Sheldon grading system As the collector ... apparent that a more precise grading standard was needed. Some coins were simply more fine than others ... uncirculated and very fine began to see use, as more precise grading descriptions allowed for more .... William Herbert Sheldon attempted to standardize coin grading by proposing what is now known as the Sheldon ... year 1990 ISBN 0942666623 ref European grading system European countries use various different, roughly equivalent, grading systems. The main features of their systems are presented in the following ... more details
No footnotes date March 2010 Original research date March 2010 In education , grading on a curve also known as curved grading or simply curving is a statistical method of assigning grades designed to yield a pre determined distribution of grades among the students in a class. The term curve refers to the bell curve, the graphical representation of the probability density of the normal distribution also called the Gaussian distribution , but this method of grading does not necessarily make use of any specific frequency distribution such as the bell shaped normal distribution. One method of applying a curve uses these three steps First, numeric scores or possibly scores on a sufficiently fine grained ordinal scale are assigned to the students. The actual values are unimportant as long as the ordering of the scores corresponds to the ordering of how good the students are. In the second step these scores are converted to percentile s or some other system of quantile s . Finally, the percentile values are transformed to grades according to a division of the percentile scale into intervals, where the interval width of each grade indicates the desired relative frequency for that grade. For example, if there are three grades, A, B and C, where A is reserved for the top 10 of students, B for the next 20 , and C for the remaining 70 , then scores in the percentile interval from 0 to 70 get grade C, scores from 71 to 90 get grade B, and scores from 91 to 100 get grade A. The grading method can thus be tuned to determine the frequency distribution of the grades in advance, and if the intervals ... each grade. Benefits and shortcomings Curved grading is essentially normative. It can be used ... graded students may be failing to meet standards. Thus, curved grading makes it difficult to compare ... a grade margin. Another downfall of grading on a curve is the influence of study groups. When individuals ... a bell curve in Excel http support.microsoft.com kb 213930 DEFAULTSORT Grading On A Curve Category ... more details
Is a procedure that rates testability by relating the number of fabrication defects that can in fact be detected with a test vector set under consideration to the total number of conceivable faults. It is used for refining both the Design For Test test circuitry and the Automatic test pattern generation test patterns iteratively, until a satisfactory fault coverage is obtained. ref citation title Digital Integrated Circuit Design From VLSI Architectures to CMOS Fabrication first Hubert last Kaeslin page 24 publisher Cambridge University Press url http books.google.com books?id gdRStcYgf2oC&pg PA24&dq 22fault grading 22 ref See also Automatic test pattern generation Design for Test References references Category Hardware testing ... more details
wiktionarypar landLand may refer to The part of the Earth that is not covered by water Terrestrial ecoregion , an ecoregion based on soil instead of water Landscape Landform , physical feature comprises a geomorphological unit Land economics , a factor of production comprising all naturally occurring resources Land law Real estate , a legal term for land, used in regard to ownership Real property , a legal term similar to real estate In music Land band , American rock band LandLand album LandLand album , the first album by the band Land T r album Land T r album , an album by T r Land 1975 2002 , an album by Patti Smith Land The Comsat Angels album Land The Comsat Angels album , an album by The Comsat Angels Lands band , Japanese rock band Dah band , a former Yugoslav Belgian rock band, known as Land during 1975 1976 period People Edwin H. Land 1909 1991 , American scientist and inventor Frank Land , British information systems researcher Frank S. Land 1890 1959 , Americal founder of Order of DeMolay Frank William Land b. 1961 , British mathematician Greg Land b. 1965 , American comic book artist Harold Land 1928 2001 , American tenor saxophonist Michael Land b. 1961 , American composer and musician Michael F. Land , British neurobiologist As a synonym for a region belonging to a people Country Nation Motherland Fatherland Homeland land , a suffix used in the names of several countries and other regions As a geographical place Land, California Land, Norway Land Glacier , Antarctica As a division of a country Lands of Denmark Lands of Finland Lands of Germany Lands of Norway Lands of Sweden Ziemia , Polish for land , a unit of administration in Poland Other usages Land Instruments ... equipment LAND , a type of denial of service attack Landing , the end of a flight In Rifling ... Tir da Land flertydig de Land fr Land ko id Land it Land ka nl Land nds nl Laand ja nb Land nn Land pl Land ru sk Krajina sv Land olika betydelser zh ... more details
The Land may refer to The Land fiction , the setting for novels by Stephen R. Donaldson The Land Mildred D. Taylor The Land Mildred D. Taylor , a novel by Mildred D. Taylor The Land 1942 film The Land 1942 film , a documentary film directed by Robert J. Flaherty The Land 1969 film The Land 1969 film , a 1969 Egyptian film The Land 1974 film , a 1974 South Korean film The Land song , a protest song, traditionally sung by the Georgist movement in pursuit and promotion of land value taxation The Land Epcot , a pavilion at Walt Disney World s Epcot theme park Haaretz , an Israeli newspaper whose name means The Land as in the Land of Israel The Land, the Michigan Women s Music Festival women only venue The Land , a long narrative poem by Vita Sackville West The Land , a rural newspaper in Australia owned by Rural Press The Land magazine , a Minnesota farm and rural life newspaper owned by CNHI See also Land disambiguation disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2010 Orphan date December 2008 The suffix land which can be found in several countries name and country subdivisions indicates a toponymy &mdash a Terrestrial ecoregion land . The word came via Germanic languages Germanic wikt landland . Below is the list of places that ends with land or Land . Expand list date February 2011 Country level Ascension Island Holland Netherlands Finland England Iceland sland Deutschland Poland New Zealand Northern Ireland Republic of Ireland Scotland Swaziland Switzerland Thailand Country subdivision Places in Norway main Lands of Norway class wikitable Vestlandet stlandet S rlandet Tr ndelag Nord Norge Antarctica valign top Rogaland Haugaland Hjelmeland Hordaland Meland Sunnhordland Midthordland Nordhordland Akershus H land valign top Oppland Land, Norway Land S ndre Land Nordre Land Telemark Grenland valign top Aust Agder Iveland valign top S r Tr ndelag rland valign top Nordland Helgeland Vester len Sortland Troms Sk nland valign top Continental Antarctica Queen Maud Land Dronning Maud Land Insular Antarctica Bouvet Island ... Pfalz Saarland Burgenland Jerichower Land Mansfelder Land Weimarer Land Altenburger Land Saale Holzland Berchtesgadener Land Dingolfing Landau Landsberg Landshut N rnberger Land Leipziger Land Zwickauer Land Chemnitzer Land Hochsauerland Places in the Netherlands Province level Flevoland ... Zuid Beveland Landerd , Landgraaf , Landsmeer Places in Poland main Ziemia Che mno Land Che m land Dobrzy Land K odzko Land Lauenburg and B tow Land Lubusz Land Lw w Land Lviv Land Micha w Land Sanok Land Sieradz Land Silesian Lusatian Land Wielu Land Places in the USA U.S. state State ... Other common names Headland Midland etc. See also List of islands which technically ends with the land from the word island Land disambiguation Land as surnames DEFAULTSORT Land Category Suffixes Category Placename element etymologies id land ... more details
otheruses This Land was a Canada Canadian television series, which aired from 1970 to 1982 on CBC Television . Evolving from the earlier series This Land of Ours , a documentary series about Canada s agriculture agricultural and natural resources , This Land expanded its focus to include natural environment environmental and conservation biology conservation issues. Hosts of the show included E.Jon Hopkins Canadian journalist Jon Hopkins , Phyllis Gorman, Laurie Jennings, Mary Chapman, John Foster Canadian journalist John Foster , Mike Halleran and Don Francks . External links Refimprove date June 2008 CBC Series Dir This Land Thi Category Canadian documentary television series Category CBC network shows Category Environmental television Canada tv prog stub ... more details
Other uses Land disambiguation Orphan date February 2009 A LAND Local Area Network Denial attack is a Denial of service attack DoS Denial of Service attack that consists of sending a special poison Spoofing attack spoofed packet information technology packet to a computer, causing it to lock up. The security flaw was actually first discovered in 1997 by someone using the alias m3lt , and has resurfaced many years later in operating system s such as Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP SP2. How it works The attack involves sending a spoofed Transmission Control Protocol TCP SYN TCP SYN packet connection initiation with the target host s IP address to an open port as both source and destination. The reason a LAND attack works is because it causes the machine to reply to itself continuously. Definition A LAND attack involves IP packets where the source and destination address are set to address the same device. Citation needed date August 2010 Other land attacks have since been found in services like SNMP and Windows 88 tcp kerberos global services which were caused by design flaws where the devices accepted requests on the wire appearing to be from themselves and causing replies repeatedly. Citation needed date August 2010 Vulnerable systems Below is a list of vulnerable operating systems discovered by testing on various machines AIX operating system AIX 3.0 AmigaOS AmiTCP 4.2 Kickstart 3.0 BeOS Preview release 2 PowerMac BSD OS BSDi 2.0 and 2.1 OpenVMS Digital VMS FreeBSD 2.2.5 RELEASE and 3.0 Fixed after required updates HP External JetDirect Print Servers IBM AS 400 OS7400 3.7 Irix 5.2 and 5.3 Mac OS MacTCP, 7.6.1 OpenTransport 1.1.2 and 8.0 NetApp NFS server 4.1d and 4.3 NetBSD 1.1 to 1.3 Fixed after required updates NeXTSTEP 3.0 and 3.1 Novell 4.11 OpenVMS 7.1 with UCX 4.1 7 QNX 4.24 Rhapsody operating system Rhapsody Developer Release SCO Group SCO OpenServer 5.0.2 SMP ... Category Denial of service attacks de Land Attacke el LAND ja Land ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Ambient 4 On Land Type Album Artist Brian Eno Cover Brian Eno On Land.jpg Released March, 1982 Recorded September 1978 January 1982, NYC Genre Ambient music Ambient , Dark ambient Length 44 35 Label EG Records, small re released on Astralwerks small Producer Brian Eno Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r82990 review pure url yes link PopMatters Neutral http www.popmatters.com music reviews e enobrian ambient4.shtml link Pitchfork Media 9.7 10 http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 17480 Brian Eno Discreet Music Ambient 1 Music for Airports A link Last album My Life in the Bush of Ghosts album My Life in the Bush of Ghosts br 1981 This album Ambient 4 On Land br 1982 Next album Apollo Atmospheres and Soundtracks br 1983 Ambient 4 On Land released April 1982 is an album by the United Kingdom British Ambient music ambient musician Brian Eno . It was the final edition in Eno s ambient series, which began in 1978 with Music for Airports . Track listing All songs written by Brian Eno unless otherwise noted. Lizard Point Eno, Michael Beinhorn , Axel Gros, Bill Laswell 4 34 The Lost Day 9 13 Tal Coat 5 30 Shadow ... 7 13 Overview On Land is arguably the darkest of Eno s 4 as titled Ambient albums, and could be said ... albums and the sessions which created them. As Eno explained ... the making of records such as On Land ... aural qualities, said On the whole On Land is quite a disturbed landscape some of the undertones ... Britain, close to Land s End in South West England. Tal Coat refers to Pierre Louis Jacob 1905 1985 ... because it was abstract, not figurative. In contrast, my intention in On Land was to make music that was like ... Liner notes from On Land http music.hyperreal.org artists brian eno interviews troup82a.html Interview ... sos1.html On Land Interview Sound On Sound Vol 4 Issue 3, Jan 1989 http music.hyperreal.org artists ... Category Albums produced by Brian Eno Category E.G. Records albums es On Land fr Ambient 4 On Land ... more details
Infobox film name At Land image image size caption director Maya Deren producer writer Maya Deren narrator starring Maya Deren br Alexander Hammid br John Cage br Parker Tyler music cinematography Hella Heyman br Alexander Hammid editing distributor released 1944 runtime 15 min country USA language budget preceded by followed by At Land 1944 is a 15 minute silent experimental film written, directed by and starring Maya Deren . It has a dream like narrative in which a woman, played by Deren, is washed up on a beach and goes on a strange journey encountering other people and other versions of herself. Deren once said that the film is about the struggle to maintain ones personal identity. Citation needed date March 2007 The composer John Cage and the poet and film critic Parker Tyler were involved in making the film, and appear in the film, which was shot at Amagansett , Long Island . Synopsis At the beginning of the film, a woman is lying on a beach as if she has been washed up by the ocean. She climbs a tree with some difficulty, but when she finally reaches the top, she finds herself at the end of a long dining room table during a bourgeois dinner party. All the guests ignore her as she drags herself on top of the table and pulls herself across it, trying to reach a man at the opposite end who looks deeply concentrated on a chess game. When she finally gets to the man, he stands up and leaves the table she looks disappointed and hopeless. The chess pieces begin to move by themselves, and one of the pawn s falls on the floor. It floats down a waterfall and down a river. The woman chases it, climbing down the hill she had already passed. She then finds herself walking down a forest path she begins talking and walking with a man, who in total is replaced four times by four different men the first one is the American surrealist poet, Philip Lamantia at age 17 the second man ... www.imdb.com title tt0036618 At Land at IMDB Category Avant garde and experimental films Category ... more details
unref date July 2010 Grading In Iceland a grade point average ranges from 0 up to 10. It s very common also to grade simply in percentage s. See also Grade education Grade education stub Europe topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Iceland Category Education in Iceland ... more details
grading The Iranian grading system is similar to that of Academic grading in France France s in secondary schools and universities the passing grade is 10. Graduate programs require 12 and 14 as passing grades for master and Ph.D. level programs, respectively. Iranian grades are not convertible to 4.0 grade GPA directly, and should be used according to destination university regulations. Usually a grade of more than 16 20.00 is considered Excellent class wikitable Grade Scale 1 Scale 2 16 20 A 4 14 15 B 3 12 13 C 2 10 11 D 1 0 9 F 0 Asia topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Iran Category Education in Iran Grading ... more details
grading In Nepal the grade system is divided into 3 divisions Division I with Dist 80 or higher Division I 60 or higher Division II 45 or higher Division III 32 or higher Fail less than 32 The above grading system refers to the School leaving Certificate SLC examinations held at the end of at grade 10. It is administered by the Department of Education Nepal Department of Education under the Ministry of Education and Sports, Nepal. Different grading systems are currently being implemented by different universities and education boards. Asia topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Nepal Category Education in Nepal Grading ... more details
grading The Tunisian grading system is mostly a 20 point grading scale it is used in secondary schools and universities. For primary schools, a new system has been introduced, based on a letter grade scale the old system uses a 10 point grading scale for the first term and a 20 point scale for the second and third terms. Currently, most Tunisian universities use a traditional 20 point grading scale, but after the introduction of the new National Higher Education Reform, a new grading scale, similar to that of the ECTS grading scale , is becoming more and more common. Most of the time, the formal grades used in Tunisia are not considered in graduate programs acceptance. A grade of 12 which is actually a passable grade in Tunisia but equivalent to 60 in the US where it is considered a below average is generally a good starting grade to apply for graduate studies and financial aids or scholarships. This is due to a severe testing and evaluation system employed in most Tunisian universities. Generally, at the national level, a grade of 12 or above is considered a good grade. This is why some European universities use a different admission requirement for Tunisian students. Tunisia s neighboring countries, Algeria & Morocco , have a very similar grading system. Unreferenced date May 2008 Africa topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Tunisia Category Education in Tunisia Grading ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 grading Academic grading in Costa Rica works on a 100 point scale and sometimes in an analog 10 point scale . For primary school level, a 65 is good enough to pass, while in high school and further levels the pass grade is 70. Students who attain from 60 to the pass grade get the chance to take on one extra test that reviews the whole year s topics, and in which a 70 is needed to achieve a pass grade. North America topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Costa Rica Category Education in Costa Rica Grading edu stub CostaRica stub ... more details
grading Schools and universities in Vietnam use a 10 point grading scale, with 10 being the highest and 0 being the lowest. Often, 5 is the lowest passing grade. The grading may vary from school to school. It depends on the difficulty of each. There are usually six levels in the classification of a Vietnamese GPA. class wikitable Point Standing Grade 9.0 10.0 Excellent A 8.0 8.9 Good A 7.0 7.9 Fair B 6.0 6.9 Above Average B 5.0 5.9 Average C 0 4.9 Failing F The distribution of grades differs from standards in western countries and strongly depends on the university. Before around 2000, all universities which are not private just give the grade C to the majority of students who can pass examinations. Asia topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Vietnam Category Education in Vietnam Grading ... more details
unref date July 2010 grading In Hungary , a 5 point grade system is used. There are only whole numbers in report cards, but for grading exams, there are also fractions such as 3 4, which is between 3 and 4 . Some teachers use lines above rarely or under more commonly the numbers to draw a clearer distinction e.g., 4, 4 is worse than a 4 but better than a 3, a 3 3 plus , or a 3 4 3 3 3 4 4, 4 sometimes they even use multiple lines, such as 5,,. For unusually good performance, the grade 5 can be awarded, but is less frequently used in secondary schools. 1 is the only failing grade. When grading a student s attitude or diligence, only the grades 2 5 are used. Europe topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Hungary Category Education in Hungary Grading ... more details
grading In Portuguese middle schools, a five point grading scale is used, where 5 very good or excellent is the best possible grade 90 100 , 4 good 75 89 , 3 satisfactory indicates average performance 50 75 , 2 unsatisfactory 20 49 , 1 poor is the lowest possible grade 0 19 . In high schools and universities, a 20 point grading scale is used. When it is the case of the final grade of an academic degree, each grade is assigned a qualitative mark by degree ref Decreto lei n 42 2005 22 February 2005 ref class wikitable Grade Qualification 20 br unicode br 18 Excellent 17 br 16 Very good 15 br 14 Good 13 br unicode br 10 Sufficient References references Europe topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Portugal Category Education in Portugal Grading ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2010 grading In Luxembourg , a grade system from 01 to 60 is used in primary and secondary schools. A grade of at least 30 is required to pass. An insufficient mark 01 29 is called a Datz in Luxembourgish language Luxembourgish . The grades are distributed in the following way Dubious date March 2011 50 60 very good 40 49 good 30 39 satisfactory sufficient 20 29 insufficient 10 19 poor 01 09 very poor Europe topic Academic grading in Category Academic grading by country Luxembourg Category Education in Luxembourg Grading ... more details
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