White Cross Weisskreuz is a World War I chemical warfare agent consisting of one or more lachrymatory agent s bromoacetone BA , bromobenzyl cyanide Camite , bromomethyl ethyl ketone homomartonite, Bn stoff , chloroacetone Tonite, A stoff , ethyl bromoacetate , and or xylyl bromide . During World war I, White Cross was also a generic code name used by the German Army German Empire German Army for artillery shells with an irritant chemical payload affecting the eyes and mucous membranes. ref cite web url http www.cbwinfo.com History WWI.html title Chemical Weapons in World War I accessdate 29 August 2010 ref References reflist See also Blue Cross chemical warfare Green Cross chemical warfare Yellow Cross chemical warfare Category Lachrymatory agents Category World War I chemical weapons weapon stub pl Bia y krzy bro chemiczna ... more details
Lacrymatory from the Latin Lat. lacrima , a tear is a class of small Bowl vessel vessel s of terra cotta or, more frequently, of glass , found in Rome Roman and late Greece Greek tombs, and supposed to have been bottles into which mourners dropped their tears. They contained unguent s, and the finding of so many of these vessels in tombs is due to the use of unguents at funeral ceremonies . They are shaped like a spindle, or a flask with a long small neck and a body in the form of a bulb. The name of these small tear bottles is derived from the lacrymatory glands that secrete tears. Also commonly spelled Lachrymatory . ref http www.lachrymatory.com Lachrymatory Tear Bottle information site ref The Unguents referred to in the Encyclop dia Britannica reference were likely fragrant ointments or pastes similar to solid perfume or perfumed cream today. There is evidence that people have collected their tears in mourning and as a symbol of deep love throughout history, but not as the common practice once attributed to the Romans. ref http www.lachrymatory.com roman.htm lachrymatory.com The Roman period ref References reflist 1911 Category Funerals AncientRome stub es Lacrimatorio it Lacrimatoio ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 399922687 Name Ethyl iodoacetate ImageFile Ethyl iodoacetate 2D skeletal.svg ImageSize 180px ImageName Skeletal formula ImageFile1 Ethyl iodoacetate 3D balls.png ImageName1 Ball and stick model IUPACName ethyl 2 iodoacetate Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 11683 PubChem 12183 InChI 1 C4H7IO2 c1 2 7 4 6 3 5 h2 3H2,1H3 InChIKey MFFXVVHUKRKXCI UHFFFAOYAB StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C4H7IO2 c1 2 7 4 6 3 5 h2 3H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey MFFXVVHUKRKXCI UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 623 48 3 SMILES CCOC O CI Section2 Chembox Properties C 4 H 7 I 1 O 2 Density 1.808 g mL MeltingPt BoilingPt 179 180 ° C Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass Hazchem T Ethyl iodoacetate is a chemical compound that is a derivative of ethyl acetate . It is a lachrymatory agent . Like many alkyl iodide s, ethyl iodoacetate is an alkylating agent , which makes it useful in organic synthesis, yet toxic. Chemical warfare Category Lachrymatory agents Category Organoiodides Category Ethyl esters nl Ethyljoodacetaat ja pl Jodooctan etylu ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 399695775 ImageFile 2 bromo 2 phenylacetonitrile 2D skeletal.png ImageSize 100 IUPACName RS 2 bromo 2 phenylacetonitrile OtherNames bromobenzyl cyanide Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 27535 InChI 1 C8H6BrN c9 8 6 10 7 4 2 1 3 5 7 h1 5,8H InChIKey XUHFBOUSHUEAQZ UHFFFAOYAJ InChI1 1 C8H6BrN c9 8 4 2 1 3 7 8 5 6 10 h1 4H,5H2 InChIKey1 BVCOJESIQPNOIF UHFFFAOYAH SMILES1 Brc1ccccc1CC N StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C8H6BrN c9 8 4 2 1 3 7 8 5 6 10 h1 4H,5H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey BVCOJESIQPNOIF UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 5798 79 8 PubChem 29625 SMILES N CC Br c1ccccc1 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 8 sub H sub 6 sub BrN MolarMass 196.04 g mol sup 1 sup Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Bromobenzyl cyanide BBC is an obsolete lachrymatory agent introduced World War I as a harassing gas by the Allies of World War I Allied Powers . See also CS gas CR gas Chloroacetophenone Lachrymatory agent External links http www.nj.gov health eoh rtkweb 0259.pdf New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet PDF http www.fas.org nuke guide usa doctrine dod fm8 9 3ch7.htm FAS.org NATO Handbook On the Medical Aspects of NBC Operation Chapter VII http www.cbwinfo.com History WWI.html CBWInfo.com Major Chemical Weapons Introductions in World War I weapon stub aromatic stub Category aromatic compounds Category Lachrymatory agents Category Nitriles de Brombenzylcyanid el pl Bromocyjanek benzalu ru uk ... more details
seealso Whitecross disambiguation White Cross is a punk band from Virginia, USA White Cross may also refer to Placenames in the United Kingdom White Cross, Cornwall White Cross, Devon White Cross, Herefordshire White Cross, Somerset White Cross, Wiltshire Other White Cross organization , formally the Irish White Cross , a relief organization for victims on both sides of the Irish War of Independence and the Irish Civil War not otherwise compensated. Most funds sourced in USA through American Committee for Relief in Ireland White Cross International Anti Narcotic Society an anti drug organization active in the 1920s and 1930s White Cross chemical warfare a World War I set of lachrymatory agents White cross drug , slang name for methamphetamine given to German soldiers in World War II. disambig de Wei es Kreuz Begriffskl rung pl Bia y krzy ... more details
related lachrymatory compound, syn butanethial S oxide, C sub 4 sub H sub 8 sub OS, has ... References references Allium Category Organosulfur compounds Category Lachrymatory agents Category ... more details
Chemical Mace is a tear gas in the form of an aerosol spray which propels a lachrymatory agent mixed with a volatile solvent. It is sometimes used as a self defense device. This form of Mace is legal in very few countries, thus its use is becoming uncommon. The original formulation consisted of 1 CN gas in a solvent of 2 Butanol 2 butanol , propylene glycol , cyclohexene , and Propylene glycol dipropylene glycol methyl ether . Some formulations now also include capsaicin oleoresin capsicum the active ingredient in pepper spray . Chemical Mace was originally invented in 1965 by Allan Lee Litman, founder and co owner of Pittsburgh based General Ordnance Equipment Corporation GOEC , after his wife, Doris, was threatened on the street. In 1987, Chemical Mace was sold to Smith & Wesson and manufactured by their Lake Erie Chemical division. Smith & Wesson subsequently transferred ownership to Jon E. Goodrich along with the rest of the chemical division in what is now Mace Security International . Most Mace branded products sold today by Mace Security International are pepper spray rather than tear gas , though it is still possible to buy Chemical Mace. Many other companies now manufacture similar products. Training Most law enforcement agency law enforcement agencies require that their personnel become certified on similar aerosol spray devices such as pepper spray. External links http www.mace.com Official site of manufacturer Mace Security International cite web url http pa.findacase.com research wfrmDocViewer.aspx xq fac SAC PA 1976 19760422 0040898.PA.htm qx title Klages v. General Ordnance Equipment Corporation 04 22 76 publisher FindACase DEFAULTSORT Mace Spray Category Lachrymatory agents Category Self defense ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 399713689 ImageFile Chloromethyl chloroformate.png ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 56498 InChI 1 C2H2Cl2O2 c3 1 6 2 4 5 h1H2 InChIKey JYWJULGYGOLCGW UHFFFAOYAF SMILES1 ClC O OCCl StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C2H2Cl2O2 c3 1 6 2 4 5 h1H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey JYWJULGYGOLCGW UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 22128 62 7 PubChem 62754 SMILES ClC OCCl O Section2 Chembox Properties C 2 H 2 Cl 2 O 2 Appearance Colorless liquid Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Chloromethyl chloroformate CClO sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub Cl is a chemical compound developed for use in chemical warfare in World War I . It is a tearing agent designed to cause temporary blindness . It is a colorless liquid with a penetrating, irritating odor. Industrially, chloromethyl chloroformate is used to manufacture other chemicals. Chemical warfare Category Lachrymatory agents Category Chloroformates organic compound stub ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 444046123 ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFile Omega Bromacetophenon.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2 Bromo 1 phenylethanone OtherNames 2 Bromoacetophenone Bromoacetophenone Bromomethyl phenyl ketone Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 6023 InChI 1 C8H7BrO c9 6 8 10 7 4 2 1 3 5 7 h1 5H,6H2 InChIKey LIGACIXOYTUXAW UHFFFAOYAV ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 102953 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C8H7BrO c9 6 8 10 7 4 2 1 3 5 7 h1 5H,6H2 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey LIGACIXOYTUXAW UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 70 11 1 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 6259 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 51846 SMILES O C c1ccccc1 CBr Section2 Chembox Properties C 8 H 7 Br 1 O 1 Appearance Colorless solid Density MeltingPt 50 C ref name TCI http www.tciamerica.com catalog A5508.html Phenacyl Bromide , TCI America ref BoilingPt 136 C 18mmHg ref name TCI Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards Toxic T FlashPt Autoignition Phenacyl bromide is the organic compound with the chemical formula formula C sub 6 sub H sub 5 sub C O CH sub 2 sub Br. This colourless solid is a powerful lachrymatory agent lachrymator as well as a useful precursor to other organic compounds. It is prepared by bromination of acetophenone ref OrgSynth author R. M. Cowper and L. H. Davidson collvol 2 collvolpages 480 prep CV2P0480 title Phenacyl bromide ref C sub 6 sub H sub 5 sub C O CH sub 3 sub Br sub 2 sub C sub 6 sub H sub 5 sub C O CH sub 2 sub Br HBr The compound was first reported in 1871. ref cite journal doi 10.1002 cber.18710040149 author A. Emmerling and C. Engler title Ueber einige Abk mmlinge des Acetophenons journal Chemische Berichte Ber. volume 4 issue 1 pages 147 149 year 1871 ref References references Category Lachrymatory agents Category Organobromides organohalide stub de Bromacetophenon ... more details
result in burns. Acryloyl chloride should be handled carefully since it is also a lachrymatory agent ... Acyl chlorides Category Monomers Category Lachrymatory agents ja ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 File 009.jpg thumb 200px Italian Champion gas revolver A gas pistol is a non lethal weapon for self defense . It is typically a close to exact replica or conversion of a real handgun made to be able to fire lachrymatory gas cartridges only. Effective range is up to 4,5 metres depending caliber . For legal purposes various techniques are used during manufacture conversion to prevent the use of live ammunition , such as using calibers exclusive to gas cartridges, welding obstacles into a non removable gun barrel barrel and using Malleability mellable metal alloys. Gas pistols are prevalent in Europe an countries with strict gun control laws. Other uses include starting pistol , flare gun , Theatrical property movie prop and weapons training . Calibers Most popular calibers are the 9 mm Knall 9x17 mm R K, 9 mm R K, .380 Knall for revolvers and the 9 mm PAK 9x22 mm for semi automatic. Other types include the .315 Knall, 8 mm Knall 8x20 mm , .22 Lang Knall, .45 Short Knall .45 Knall and the 6 mm percussion cap, loaded with 20 120 mg of CN gas , CS gas , CR gas available only in Russia , OC Pepper spray pepper agents, or Blank cartridge blanks . External links Cite web url http www.gazpisztoly.hu title Gaz Pisztoly gas pistols language Hungarian Weapon stub Category Non lethal weapons Other languages bg hu G zpisztoly ko ru uk ... more details
Petre M. Andreevski lang mk . June 25, 1934 September 25, 2006 was a famous Macedonian people Macedonian poet, novelist, short story writer and playwright. ref http www.pen.org.mk publications members tekst.asp?lang eng&id 5 ref He was born in 1934 in the village of Sloestica, Demir Hisar . Attended elementary school in his native village, high school in Bitola , studied at the Faculty of Philosophy now Philology in Skopje . Worked as an editor with the Macedonian Radio Television Macedonian National Television . He was also an editor of the periodical Razgledi . Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts since May 2000. Member of the Macedonian Writers Association. Several selections of his literary opus have been published. In 1984 his selected works were published in four volumes. He has been included in all anthologies of Macedonian poetry both at home and abroad. His works, in separate books, have been presented in many languages outside Macedonia. He died in Skopje in September 2006. Literary output Poetry Knots 1960 , Both on Heaven and Earth 1962 , Denicija 1968 , Dalni nakovalni 1971 , Praises and Complaints 1975 , Eternal House 1987 Lachrymatory 1999 . Short story collections The Seventh Day 1994 , Years of Treason 1974 , All Faces of Death 1994 . Novels Pirey novel Pirey 1980 , Locusts 1983 Nebeska Timjanovna 1988 and Last Villagers 1987 . Plays Plays 1987 includes Time for Singing and Bogunemili . Books for children Scribble Riddle , Eat and Grow . Awards Awards include 11 October , Miladinov Brothers twice , Ko o Racin and Stale Popov twice . References reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Andreevski, Petre M. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH June 25, 1934 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH September 25, 2006 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Andreevski, Petre M. Category 1934 births Category 2006 deaths Category People from Demir Hisar Category Macedonian poets bg mk . ... more details
was used as a lachrymatory agent and tear gas agent for chemical warfare under the German code White ... Organobromides Category Lachrymatory agents Category World War I chemical weapons Category Reagents ... more details
takes place with production of hydrochloric acid . This explains why benzyl chloride is a lachrymatory ... name benzyl chloride id 100447 Category Organochlorides Category Aromatic compounds Category Lachrymatory ... more details
chemical warfare vert A chemical weapon agent CWA is a chemical substance whose toxin toxic chemical property properties are used to kill, injure or incapacitate. About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century. These agents may be in liquid, gas or solid form. In general, chemical weapon agents are organized into several categories according to the physiological manner in which they affect the human body. Division may also be by tactical purpose or chemical structure. The names and number of categories varies slightly from source to source, but in general, types of chemical warfare agents are as follows Harassing agents These are substances that are not intended to kill or injure. They are often referred to as Riot Control Agents RCAs and may be used by civilian police forces against criminals and rioters, or in the military for training purposes. These agents also have tactical utility to force combatants out of concealed or covered positions for conventional engagement, and preventing combatants from occupying contaminated terrain or operating weapons. In general, harassing agents are sensory irritants that have fleeting concentration dependent effects that resolve within minutes after removal. Casualty effects are not anticipated to exceed 24 hours nor require medical attention. Tear agents main Lachrymatory agent These sensory irritants produce immediate pain to the eyes and irritate mucous membranes aka lachrymatory agent or lachrymator . a Chlorotoluene Benzyl bromide Bromoacetone BA Bromobenzylcyanide CA Bromomethyl ethyl ketone Capsaicin OC CN gas Chloracetophenone MACE CN Chloromethyl chloroformate CR gas Dibenzoxazepine CR Ethyl iodoacetate CS gas Ortho chlorobenzylidene malononitrile Super tear gas CS Trichloromethyl chloroformate Xylyl bromide Vomiting agents These sensory irritants are also termed sternators or nose irritants. They irritate the mucous membranes to produce congestion, coughing, ... more details
common data given in Table is for the E isomer . This lachrymatory liquid is moderately soluble ... Aldehydes Category Alkenes Category Lachrymatory agents cs Krotonaldehyd de Crotonaldehyd es ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
