Infobox IPA ipa number 184 decimal 11377 ipa image Labiodentalflap Gentium small version.png xsampa n a kirshenbaum n a The labiodentalflap is a speech sound found primarily in languages of Central Africa , such as Kera language Kera and Mangbetu . It has also been reported in the Austronesian languages Austronesian language Sika language Sika . ref Harvcoltxt Olson Hajek 2003 pp 162 164 ref It is one ... p 261 ref Image Labiodentalflap Gentium .svg 50px This symbol is a combination of IPA v IPA the letters for the voiced labiodental fricative and the alveolar flap . As of version 5.1.0, the Unicode ... The labiodentalflap is found primarily in Africa, in perhaps a couple hundred languages in the Chadic ... as IPA b The bilabial flap is a variant of the labiodentalflap in several languages, including Mono ... , the flap is heard in careful pronunciation, but it may also be realized as a voiced labiodental plosive , IPA b , or an affricate. It contrasts with both a bilabial and a labiodental fricative ref ... of the Labial Flap small has video & sound files small http www.sil.org sil news 2005 labiodental flap.htm ... Kenneth S. Olson s research website small has information on the labiodentalflap small IPA navigation ... of the flap IPA . Transcription When described in the literature, it is often transcribed by a v modified ... with IPA v and IPA w . In free variation with bilabial flap colspan 2 align center Sika language ... sounds are not known to contrast in any language the term labial flap can be used as a broader ... Flap References reflist Bibliography citation doi 10.1017 S0025100300003868 author International Phonetic ... Kenneth S last2 Hajek first2 John year 1999 title The phonetic status of the labial flap journal ... insights on the labial flap journal Linguistic Typology volume 7 issue 2 pages 157 186 citation last ... flap journal Linguistic Discovery volume 2 issue 2 pages 21 57 citation doi 10.1017 S0025100304001744 ... labiodentaler Flap fr Consonne battue labio dentale vois e nl Labiodentale flap ja ... more details
Wiktionarypar flapFlap may refer to Flap aircraft , a hinged surface on the trailing edge of an airplane wing Roof flap , an aerodynamic feature of race cars Flapping, one of the Bird flight Basic mechanics of bird flight basic mechanics of flight in birds Flap, any hinged plate often used as a cover or a simple one way valve Cat flap , a hinged flap that allows a cat to enter or leave a room or building Butt flap , a separately removable part of underwear un covering the buttocks Sluice or flap gate, a pressure driven water flow control device between a channel and other water body Flap consonant , a sound produced by brief contact between the tongue and the roof of the mouth Intervocalic alveolar flapping , a process by which a t phoneme before an unstressed vowel is pronounced as a flap consonant Flap surgery , a surgical technique involving movement of vascularized tissue Free flap , a specific kind of surgical flapFlap, a minor character from Little Nemo Adventures in Slumberland Route flapping , when a router alternately advertises a destination network first via one route then another Brouhaha , a general state of social agitation 5 lipoxygenase activating protein FLAPFlap a boss character in Gaiapolis Flap , an alternative title for the film The Last Warrior 1970 film directed by Carol Reed See also Flapper disambiguation disambig de Klappe eo Klapo it Flap sk Klapka ... more details
font weight bold IPA span IPA cheek Image Labiodentalflap Gentium small version.svg labiodentalflap Mono language Congo Mono span style color 700000 font weight bold vw span a IPA span style ... x , but one dialectal variant is a rounded, velarized labiodental, less ambiguously rendered as IPA f . Occurrence The only common labiodental sounds to occur phoneme phonemically are the fricatives and the approximant. The labiodentalflap occurs phonemically in over a dozen languages, but it is restricted ... of articulation articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth . Labiodental consonant in IPA The labiodental consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are class wikitable rowspan ... 140 IPA p voiceless labiodental plosive style font size 140 IPA b voiced labiodental plosive style font size 140 IPA p f voiceless labiodental affricate Tsonga language Tsonga N A IPA ti span style color 700000 font weight bold IPA p f span IPA u u hippos style font size 140 IPA b v voiceless labiodental affricate voiced labiodental affricate Tsonga language Tsonga N A IPA ile span style color 700000 font weight bold IPA b v span IPA u chin style font size 140 IPA labiodental nasal English ... font weight bold IPA span IPA f ni symphony style font size 140 IPA f voiceless labiodental ... color 700000 font weight bold IPA f span IPA n fan style font size 140 IPA v voiced labiodental fricative ... 700000 font weight bold IPA v span IPA n van style font size 140 IPA labiodental approximant ... languages in which it occurs, it occurs only as an allophone of IPA m before labiodental consonants ... bilabial labiodental affricate pf , which commences with a voiceless bilabial plosive bilabial ... Olson, Kenneth S. & John Hajek. 2003. Crosslinguistic insights on the labial flap. Linguistic Typology 7 2 . 157 186 IPA navigation DEFAULTSORT Labiodental Consonant Category Labial consonants af Labiodentaal als Labiodentaler Konsonant ar bn bar Labiodental br Kensonenn ... more details
Labiodental fricative may refer to Voiced labiodental fricative Voiceless labiodental fricative Labio Dental Fricative , a song by Vivian Stanshall & The Sean Head Showband, included on the Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band album The History of the Bonzos See also Fricative consonant disambiguation ... more details
Infobox IPA ipa symbol2 m ipa number 115 decimal 625 ipa image Xsampa F.png xsampa F kirshenbaum M The labiodental nasal is a type of consonant al sound, used in some Speech communication spoken language s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is IPA . The IPA symbol is a lowercase letter m with a leftward hook protruding from the lower right of the letter. Occasionally it is instead transcribed as an em with a dental consonant dental diacritic IPA m . It is pronounced very similarly to the bilabial nasal IPA m , except instead of the lips touching each other, the lower lip touches the upper teeth. The position of the lips and teeth is generally the same as for the production of the other labiodental consonant s, like IPA f and IPA v , though closure is obviously incomplete for the fricatives. Although commonly appearing in languages, it is overwhelmingly present non phonemically, largely restricted to appear before labiodental consonant s like IPA f and IPA v . A phonemic IPA has been reported for the Kukuya Kukwa dialect of Teke language Teke , where it contrasts with IPA m, mpf, mbv and is accompanied by strong protrusion of both lips . It is IPA ..., as it is a typical allophone of IPA m and IPA n before the labiodental fricatives IPA f and IPA ... as an allophone of IPA m before IPA . Features Features of the labiodental nasal nasal stop labiodental voiced nasal central lateral pulmonic Occurrence class wikitable colspan 2 Language Word ... Latin alphabet n wis align center IPA u s align center unsure Allophone of IPA n before labiodental ... br Kensonenn gweuz dent dre fri mouezhiet ca Nasal labiodental sonora cs Labiodent ln naz la de Stimmhafter labiodentaler Nasal es Nasal labiodental fr Consonne occlusive nasale labio dentale ... Labiodentale nasaal ja pl Sp g oska nosowa wargowo z bowa pt Nasal labiodental ro Consoan nazal labiodental ru sv Labiodental nasal uk ... more details
infobox IPA ipa number 184 413 ipa symbol imagesize 17px imagefile Labiodentalflap with diacritic.png decimal1 11377 decimal2 799 The bilabial flap is an uncommon non Rhotic consonant rhotic flap. It is usually, and perhaps always, an allophone of the labiodentalflap , though it is the preferred allophone in a minority of languages such as Banda people Banda and some of its neighbors. In the literature it has often been transcribed by a w modified by the extra short phonetics extra short diacritic, IPA w . ref Harvcoltxt International Phonetic Association 1989 p 70 ref ref Harvcoltxt Olson Hajek 2003 p 158 ref Since flaps are similar to brief plosives, it could alternatively be transcribed as IPA b , but this could lead to interference between the diacritic and the ascender of the base character. In 2005 the International Phonetic Association adopted the right hook v symbol to represent the labiodentalflap. ref Harvcoltxt International Phonetic Association 2005 p 261 ref Since then, the received transcription of the bilabial flap involves employing the labiodentalflap symbol modified by an advanced phonetics advanced diacritic IPA . ref Harvcoltxt Olson Hajek 1999 p 112 ref Occurrence class wikitable colspan 2 Language Word International Phonetic Alphabet IPA Meaning Notes colspan 2 align center Mono language Congo Mono ref Harvcoltxt Olson 2004 p 233 ref align center Latin alphabet vw a align center IPA a align center send Contrasts with IPA v and IPA w . In free variation with labiodentalflap References reflist External links Olson and Hajek, 2001. http www.sil.org silewp 2001 002 silewp2001 002.pdf The Geographic and Genetic Distribution of the Labial Flap Bibliography ... Olson first Kenneth S last2 Hajek first2 John year 1999 title The phonetic status of the labial flap ... insights on the labial flap journal Linguistic Typology volume 7 issue 2 pages 157 186 ... phonetics stub br Kensonenn diweuz dre stlakat nl Bilabiale flap ja ru ... more details
style font size 24px text align center IPA alveolar lateral flap Japanese language Japanese IPA a me ramen style font size 24px text align center IPA retroflex flap Warlpiri language Warlpiri d upa small ? small IPA upa windbreak style font size 24px text align center Image Labiodentalflap Gentium .svg 15px labiodentalflap Karang language Karang IPA v ara animal The IPA recommends ... consonant coronal flap is the labiodentalflap , found throughout central Africa in languages such as Margi language Margi . In 2005, the IPA adopted a right hook v, Image Labiodentalflap Gentium ... a bilabial flap in Banda languages Banda , which may be an allophone of the labiodentalflap ...Manner of articulation In phonetics , a flap or tap is a type of consonant al sound, which is produced ... another. Contrast with stops and trills The main difference between a flap and a stop consonant is that in a flap, there is no buildup of air pressure behind the place of articulation , and consequently no release phonetics release burst. Otherwise a flap is similar to a brief stop. Flaps also contrast ... may be realized as a single contact, like a flap, but are variable, whereas a flap is limited to a single contact. Tap vs. flap Many linguists use the terms tap and flap indiscriminately. Peter Ladefoged ... brief Stop consonant plosive , whereas a flap strikes the point of contact tangentially Flaps are most ..., and preferred the term flap in all cases. ref Spaji , Ladefoged & Bhaskararao 1996 , The Trills ... , while the flap is transcribed as a small capital dee, IPA , which is not recognized by the IPA ... . No language is known to contrast a tap and a flap at the same place of articulation. IPA symbols The flap and tap consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are border 1 cellspacing ... another example, because the nasal flap is typically transcribed . ref Report on the Kiel Convention ... main Alveolar flap Spanish language Spanish features a good illustration of an alveolar flap, contrasting ... more details
unref date July 2010 A lateral flap is a family of consonant al sounds, used in some Speech communication spoken language s. There are four attested or claimed lateral flaps in the world s languages The alveolar lateral flap IPA is quite common. A retroflex lateral flap IPA is found in the Iwaidja language of Australia. A palatal lateral flap IPA may also occur in Iwaidja, but is uncertain. A velar lateral flap IPA occurs allophonically in Melpa language Melpa and a few other languages of New Guinea. Features Features of lateral flapflap lateral SIA Category Lateral consonants no Lateral flapp ... more details
A rotation flap is a semicircular skin flap that is rotated into the defect on a fulcrum point . The flap must be adequately large, and a large base is necessary if a back cut will be needed to lengthen the flap. If the flap is too small, the residual defect can be covered by mobilizing the surrounding tissue. A drawback of rotation flaps is the extended cutting and undermining needed to create the flap, thus increasing the risk of hemorrhage and nerve damage . References cite book title Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery A Problem Solving Manual last Weerda first Hilko year 2001 publisher Thieme Medical Publishers isbn 1588900762 External links http www.emedicine.com derm topic861.htm Rotation flap eMedicine http www.accessmedicine.com search searchAMResultImg.aspx?rootterm local rotation flap&rootID 44357&searchType 1 Images on rotation flap Surgery stub Category Plastic surgery ... more details
A DIEP flap is a type of breast reconstruction in which blood vessels called deep inferior epigastric perforators DIEP , and the skin and fat connected to them are removed from the lower abdomen and transferred to the chest to reconstruct a breast after mastectomy without the sacrifice of any of the abdominal muscles. The DIEP flap is similar to the muscle sparing free TRAM flap but only requires the removal of skin and fat. Unlike with the TRAM procedure no muscle is sacrificed. The blood vessels, or perforators, required to keep the tissue alive lay just beneath or within the abdominal muscle. Therefore, a small incision is made in the abdominal muscle in order to access the vessels. After the skin, tissues and perforators collectively known as the flap have been dissected, the flap is transplanted and connected to the patient s chest using microsurgery. The plastic surgeon then shapes the flap to create the new breast. As no abdominal muscle is removed or transferred to the breast patients experience less pain post operatively and a faster recovery compared to TRAM flap patients. Abdominal strength is also maintained long term following the DIEP flap procedure. Many women who undergo this form of reconstruction enjoy the added benefit of a flatter abdomen, with results that mimic a tummy tuck procedure. The risk of abdominal complications such as bulging and hernia is also very small, much smaller than with the TRAM flap method of breast reconstruction. As with all types of breast reconstruction however, 2 or 3 stages performed a few months apart are often required to complete the reconstruction process and to obtain the best cosmetic result. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of the surgery few breast centers offer DIEP flap breast reconstruction despite the many advantages the procedure offers over the TRAM flap. It appears equally unfortunate that despite such stated ... External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 44496 DIEP flap entry in the public ... more details
beefbox name Beef image Bottom Sirloin beef cuts .svg caption beefcut Bottom Sirloin steaktype Flap steak footnotes Flap steak , or Flap meat http www.ams.usda.gov LSG stand imps.htm IMPS NAMP 185A, UNECE 2203 is a beef steak cut. It comes from a bottom sirloin butt cut of beef, ref cite book title Field Guide to Meat How to Identify, Select, and Prepare Virtually Every Meat, Poultry, and Game Cut last Green first Aliza publisher Quirk Books year 2005 pages 320 isbn 9781594740176 ref and is generally a very thin steak. The flap steak is sometimes confused with hanger steak IMPS NAMP 140, UNECE 2180 as they both are thin and come from similar parts of the cow . The item consists of the Abdominal internal oblique muscle obliquus internus abdominis muscle from the bottom sirloin butt. Sometimes mistakenly sold as Skirt steak . References reflist External links http www.sfgate.com cgi bin article.cgi?f chronicle archive 2005 03 16 FDG2BBNBS01.DTL San Francisco Chronicle Article about Flap Steak Cuts of beef Beef Category Cuts of beef meat stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Orphan date February 2009 Flap back or blowback is a phenomenon affecting the rotor of a helicopter as it overcomes dissymmetry of lift through flapping. In forward flight, rotor blades experience more lift as they rotate forward. This increased lift is a result of an increased relative speed causing the blade to flap up and decrease its angle of attack. As the blade continues to rotate, it achieves its maximum upflapping displacement over the nose of the aircraft and maximum downflapping displacement over the tail. This results in the rotor disk being tilted to the rear and is referred to as flap back, as if the rotor disk had flapped or tilted back, or as if it had been blown back by the relative wind. The effect is more pronounced at higher airspeeds but more easily recognized as the aircraft accelerates to translational lift airspeeds from a hover. Flap back results in a slowing of the aircraft and the pilot counters the effect by applying forward input to the Helicopter flight controls Cyclic cyclic control . DEFAULTSORT Flap Back Category Helicopter aerodynamics ... more details
No footnotes date June 2011 Expert subject Medicine date November 2008 The terms free flap and free tissue ... to a pedicled flap in which tissue is left attached to the donor site and simply transposed to a new ... may be transferred as a free flap including skin and fat, muscle, nerve, bone, or any combination ... using microsurgery to reconnect the artery blood into the flap and vein allows blood to flow out of the flap . The free flap requires microsurgery microsurgical techniques and is utilised during reconstructive ... or at a later date. Free flaps are usually only done if a TRAM flap is not possible. Plastic surgery ... jaw Human mandible mandible then often the fibula will be transplanted as a free flap for reconstruction ... it is removed. An incision is made over the area identified where the flap will be taken from. The flap is dissected and freed from the surrounding tissue. The blood supply including at least ... vascular pedicle are divided, separating the flap from the rest of the body. Before the pedicle is divided, the area the flap will be attached to is prepared by identifying a recipient artery and vein to which the free flap s vascular pedicle can be attached. The free flap is brought up to the defect area, and the vein and artery from the flap vascular pedicle are anastomosed connected to the vein ... microsurgery The free flap is sutured to the defect area while it is monitored to ensure the blood ... site. The most common serious complication of a free flap is loss of the venous outflow e.g. a clot forms in the vein that drains the blood from the flap . Loss of arterial supply is serious too and both will cause necrosis death of the flap. Close monitoring of the flap both by nurses and by the surgeon ... surgery are also possible including infection and pain. Free flap vs. Pedicled flap Pedicled flaps ... blood supply to the flap are not cut. Instead the pedicle is dissected so that the flap can be moved ... free flap surgeries are performed every day. See also Flap surgery Rotation flap TRAM flap Microsurgery ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 infobox IPA ipa symbol imagefile Epiglottal flap.svg ipa number 173 432 decimal1 673 decimal2 815 An epiglottal flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language. However, it exists as a voiced consonant voiced allophone of the voiceless epiglottal plosive IPA , found between vowels in Dahalo language Dahalo and perhaps other languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA , but it can be transcribed by adding a short or Semivowel non syllabic diacritic to the symbol for the plosive, IPA . The diacritic is here placed under rather than above the letter to avoid the ascender. IPA navigation DEFAULTSORT Epiglottal Flap Category Epiglottal consonants Phonetics stub br Kensonenn ankoue dre stlakat fr Consonne battue piglottale vois e nl Epiglottale flap ... more details
a useful side effect of flap deployment is a decrease in aircraft pitch angle which improves the pilot ... cause pitchup, depending on the type of flap and the location of the wing. There are many different ... jet airliners are called Krueger flaps . The Fowler, Fairey Youngman and Gouge types of flap increase ... easyjet a319 wing g ezav arp.jpg thumb left The three orange pods are flap track fairings streamlining the flap mechanisms. The flaps two on each side, on the Airbus A319 lie directly above these. Extending ... of flap used on takeoff is specific to each type of aircraft, and the manufacturer will suggest limits ... . At higher speeds a negative flap setting is used to reduce the nose down pitching moment . This reduces ... reduces the trim drag associated with keeping the glider in longitudinal trim. Negative flap ... of flaps File ILA 2008 PD 750.JPG thumb left Plain flap at nearly full deflection on an Akaflieg M nchen Mu 30 Schlacro aerobatic aircraft visible anchor Plain flap the rear portion of airfoil rotates downwards on a simple hinge mounted at the front of the flap. ref Gunston, Bill, The Cambridge ... year 2003 isbn 1 902207 61 0 1 ref Due to the greater efficiency of other flap types, the plain flap is normally only used where simplicity is required. A modern variation on the plain flap exploits ... supporting structure, allowing such a surface to be used either as a flap or as an aileron ... manner as on a plain flap. visible anchor Split flap the rear portion of the lower suface of the airfoil hinges downwards from the leading edge of the flap, while the upper surface stays immobile. ref ... 978 0 521 84140 5 ISBN 0 521 84140 2 p.584 ref Like the plain flap, this can cause large changes in longitudinal ... but was quickly superseded. The Douglas DC 3 Douglas DC 3 & C 47 used a split flap. File Airfoil lift improvement devices flaps .png thumb upright 1.65 Flaps and high lift devices. Gurney flap exaggerated for clarity. Blown flap skipped as it is modified from any other type. Pale lines indicate ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 Image Heavy butt flap.jpg thumb right Heavy butt flap The bum or butt flap is a piece of removable material that hangs from the waist to cover the rear end. The flap is of ambiguous origin, but probably was originally intended to reduce abrasive wear to pants. Road surface Pavement can rapidly wear the seat of pants, and flaps act as replaceable buffer material. They also provide some protection from damp or cold surfaces. The freely swinging flap dries faster than wet pants, and can be easier to clean. Bum flaps are often worn as a superfluous fashion fashion statement , usually emblazoned with Punk subculture punk iconography. Flaps are usually constructed by hand with the most suitable material available, often canvas or denim of discarded clothing. Water resistant and thermally insulating flaps are desirable for long distance Freighthopping rail travel and camping. Flaps may be stitched to clothing, or suspended from the belt. Category Punk fashion Category 2000s fashion Category Fashion accessories ... more details
merge to pet door discuss pet door Merge dog door and cat flap date November 2011 File Cat flap.jpg thumb 200px A cat flap in action File Gatera de ademuz.jpg thumb 200px Gatera in Rinc n de Ademuz Image wall mounted catflap.jpg thumb 200px A Integrated circuit microchip enabled selective access cat flap mounted in a wall. A cat flap or cat door is a hinged flap set into a door, wall or window to allow cat s to enter and exit a house on their own without needing to solicit help from a human, while offering a degree of protection against wind, rain, and larger bodied intruders entering the dwelling. Dog door s similarly exist for dogs. Cat flaps are popular in some countries, particularly the United Kingdom where it is believed that about 90 of cats have access to the outdoors. ref cite web url http www.messybeast.com indooroutdoor.htm title Indoor Outdoor publisher Messy Beast date accessdate 2009 08 15 ref In the rural areas, cat doors were set into doors, walls or roofs of houses to welcome cats and thus keep away rodents from flour and corn storage spaces. Nowadays, this function is mostly .... Etymology The Oxford English Dictionary records the first use of cat flap in 1957 and the first ... flap is attributed to Isaac Newton in a story by a Country Parson to the effect that Newton ... be blown open or may rattle in the wind. A magnet on the flap can hold the door in place and allow access. Some flaps also have adjustable catches to restrict the opening of the flap in one direction ... that will unlock the flap as the cat approaches, thus preventing any other animals from using the flap ... the correct code to the flap, allowing cat owners to have multiple flaps that different cats ... 07 01 accessdate 2009 08 15 ref Some cats can circumvent one way flap mounted in flap designs by pulling at the bottom of the inner flap. References reflist Commons category Cat doors DEFAULTSORT Cat Flap Category Door furniture Category English inventions Category Pet equipment de Haustierklappe es ... more details
Flap endonucleases FENs, also known as 5 nucleases in older references are a class of nucleolytic enzymes that act as both Directionality molecular biology 5 3 exonucleases and structure specific endonucleases on specialised DNA structures that occur during the biological processes of DNA replication , DNA repair and DNA recombination. Flap endonucleases have been identified in eukaryotes , prokaryotes , archaea and some virus es. Organisms can have more than one FEN Homology biology homologue , this redundancy may give an indication of the importance of these enzymes. In prokaryotes, the FEN enzyme is found as an N terminus N terminal domain of DNA polymerase I, but some prokaryotes appear to encode a second homologue. ref Sayers JR 1994 J Theor Biol, 170 4 415. PMID 7996866 ref The endonuclease activity of FENs was initially identified as acting on a DNA duplex which has a single stranded 5 overhang on one of the strands termed a 5 flap , hence the name flap endonuclease ref Harrington JJ and Lieber MR 1994 EMBO J., 13 , 1235 1246. PMID 8131753 ref . FENs catalyse hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphodiester bond at the junction of single and double stranded DNA. FENs can also act as 5 3 exonucleases on the 5 terminus of the flap strand and on nicked DNA Substrate biochemistry substrate s. Protein structure models based on X ray crystallography data suggest that FENs have a flexible arch created by two helices through which the single 5 strand of the 5 flap structure can thread ref Ceska TA et al., 1996 Nature, 382 , 90 93. PMID 8657312 ref . Flap endonucleases have been used in biotechnology , for example the Taqman PCR assay ref http www.med.unc.edu anclinic Tm.htm Taqman Principles Bot generated title ref and the Invader single nucleotide polymorphism SNP assay ref Olivier M 2005 Mutat. Res. 573 , 103 110. PMID 15829241 ref . For a more detailed reviews of FENs see ... External links External link http www.sayers.staff.shef.ac.uk fen index.html Flap endonucleases ... more details
infobox IPA ipa number 112 505 decimal1 610 decimal2 774 ipa symbol The uvular flap is a type of consonant al sound, used in some Speech communication spoken language s. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA . It can be transcribed by adding a short diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive or trill, IPA or IPA , but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill , IPA , since the two have never been reported to contrast. The uvular flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language. However, it has been reported as an allophone of other sounds in various languages, including an initial glottal stop in Southern Okanagan language Okanagan , ref Harvcoltxt Kinkade 1967 pp 228 234 ref IPA in unstressed syllables in Supyire language Supyire , ref name Harvcoltxt Carlson 1994 p 10 Harvcoltxt Carlson 1994 p 10 ref the velar lateral fricative IPA in Wahgi language Wahgi . ref Harvcoltxt Phillips 1976 p ? ref More commonly, it is said to vary with the much more frequent uvular trill , and is most likely a single contact trill rather than an actual flap in these languages. The primary difference between a flap and a trill is that of the airstream, not the number of contacts. Features Features of the uvular flapflap uvular voiced oral central articulation pulmonic Occurrence class wikitable colspan 2 Language Word International Phonetic Alphabet IPA Meaning Notes colspan 2 align center Supyire language Supyire ref name Harvcoltxt Carlson 1994 p 10 align center tadu g u g o align center IPA tadu u o align center place to go up may also be pronounced IPA tadu u o , as IPA and IPA may be in free variation References Reflist Bibliography cite book last Carlson first Robert year 1994 title ... Wahgi Phonology and Morphology IPA navigation DEFAULTSORT Uvular Flap Category Uvular consonants phonetics stub nl Uvulaire flap ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Orphan date August 2011 File Photo of Flip Flap car ornament.jpg thumb Photo of Q type Flip Flap car ornament Image Flip Flap.JPG right thumb Flip Flap is a solar powered ornament that resembles a plant. The small solar panel powers two leaves that bounce up and down continuously until the light source to the solar panel is stopped. The leaves can be stopped from bouncing by a switch on the underside of the device. The Flip Flap has a large cult following in Japan , but popularity of the ornamental gadget is growing in the UK being marketed under the Tomy brand. Flip Flaps come in different models like the Q which is round and F which has the shape of a flower pot . The big Flip Flaps depends on the number usually have three movements. Once you turn it on, the leaves begin to move up and down. If you tap one of the leaves, it shall begin to move seesaw to the direction in which the leaf was tapped. As with other Tomy manufactured solar powered toys, there are fake Flip Flaps being sold in stores. These are often cheaply made in China and are limited to only an up and down motion, and are incapable of the 3 different movements characteristic of authentic Flip Flaps. The fake and real versions look extremely similar, but consumers can differentiate between the two by looking for the Tomy logo, almost entirely Japanese characters on the box limited English , and dark green leaves fake Flip Flaps have light green leaves, as opposed to the darker, real ones of slightly better quality . According to the EU patent database ref http v3.espacenet.com publicationDetails biblio?adjacent true&KC A&date 20090128&NR 101352268A&DB EPODOC&locale en EP&CC CN&FT D ref , the original patent was actually registered to a small Chinese company called SHENZHEN LONGGANG ... Flap in EU or infringed the patent of the Chinese company Citation needed date April 2011 . References reflist Category Toys of the 2000s Category Takara Tomy ru zh Flip Flap ... more details
Interventions infobox Name Flap surgery Image Erichsen Flap.jpg Caption A flap used to cover an amputation stump ICD10 ICD9 86.7 MeshID OtherCodes Flap surgery is a technique in plastic surgery plastic and reconstructive surgery where any type of tissue is lifted from a donor site and moved to a recipient site with an intact blood supply. This is similar to but different from a medical grafting graft ... blood supply is important in flap surgery because part of the supply will be cut off. The remaining ... the location, size, and shape of a flap. ref name Guyuron8 Classification Flaps can be fundamentally ... Advancement flap width1 150 image2 Rotation flap.svg caption2 Rotation flap width2 expr 150 250 325 round 0 image3 Transposition flap.svg caption3 Transposition flap width3 expr 150 545 640 round ... layer to fill a defect. This is the least complex type of flap and includes advancement flaps, rotation flaps, and transposition flaps, in order from least to most complex. With an advancement flap, incisions ... the wound. The flap is disconnected from the body except for the uncut edge which contains the blood supply which feeds in horizontally. A rotation flap is similar except instead of being stretched in a straight line, the flap is stretched in an arc. The more complex transposition flap involves rotating ... complex class of flap. Direct or tubed flaps involve having the flap connected to both the donor ... flap has the blood supply cut and then reattached microsurgery microsurgically to a new blood supply ... Vascular Classification based on blood supply to the flap Axial flaps are supplied by a named artery ... only a small pedicle containing the vessels. Reverse flow flaps are a type of axial flap in which ... site via a pedicle that contains the blood supply, in contrast to a free flap as described under Complexity ... Empty section date June 2011 See also Rotation flap DIEP flap z plasty Breast reconstruction References ... overview Flap surgery at eMedicine Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category ... more details
The Gouge flap , invented by Arthur Gouge of Short Brothers in 1936, allowed the pilot to increase both .... This type of flap, in spite of its use on highly successful aircraft such as the Short Sunderland and the Short Stirling , was superseded by other designs, notably the Fowler flap . TOC Development The Gouge flap was patented in 1936, British Patent no. 443,516 being awarded jointly to Short Bros ... Cassidy, Flying Empires, 2009, p.9. ref blockquote The Gouge flap consists of a sharp nosed aerofoil, which in the closed position, forms part of the wing profile . The flap tapers with the wing, i.e. the width of the flap at any point is a constant proportion of the wing chord at that point when ... are similar in shape and proportion. The flap moves on tracks, rotating conically about an imaginary axis below the wing, nearly parallel to the trailing edge. When open the flap increases the wing ... photographs of the fully extended flap, taken from obliquely above and below the wing, are given in the British ... No. 1753 ref name rm1753p8 ARC R&M 1753, 1936, p.8. ref Among the conclusions of that report were that flap ... Short Brothers first installed the Gouge flap on a Short Scion Scion fitted with the scaled down wings ... Magazine described the Fowler flap in 1942 ref name Flight p.353 Flight Magazine, Vol. XLI, Issue 1737 ... Fairey Youngman flaps were all given equal mention. The Gouge flap, although widely used on Shorts ... Characteristics of Flaps dated 1947 compared many variants but merely mentions the Gouge flap in a footnote on p.10, where it is described as being rather like the Blackburn flap ... but with no slot between the flap and wing. ref ARC R&M 2622, 1947, p.10. ref The advantage of the additional lift generated by a slot acted in the Fowler flap s success relative to the Gouge flap, as did its natural ... flap on their next project, the Short Shetland Shetland , preferring the use of slotted flaps ... Flap aircraft High lift device References Notes Reflist 2 Bibliography refbegin cite book last Barnes ... more details
Image Gurney flap.PNG thumb right A gurney flap shown on the underside of a Newman airfoil from NASA Technical Memorandum 4071 . The Gurney Flap or wickerbill is a small flat tab projecting from the trailing ... Gurney flap experiments on airfoil and wings journal Journal of Aircraft 0021 8669 volume 36 issue ... title Lift Enhancement of an Airfoil Using a Gurney Flap and Vortex Generators journal Journal of Aircraft ... accessdate 2007 07 05 quote One candidate technology is the Gurney flap, which consists .... year 1995 title Gurney flap effects and scaling for low speed airfoils conference booktitle AIAA ... Re19412 . It is a movable microflap, similar to the fixed Gurney flap. Image Andretti 962 HR7 gurney.jpg thumb right A Gurney flap on the trailing edge of the rear wing of a Porsche 962 . The original ..., M. Heron, I. year 1998 title Gurney flap experiments on airfoils, wings, and reflection plane model ...?gID 2309&gTable japaperimport accessdate 2007 07 05 quote Race car driver Dan Gurney used this flap ... 1998 title Numerical investigation of an airfoil with a Gurney flap journal Aircraft Design volume ... cornering and straight away speeds when the flap was installed on the rear wing. doi 10.1016 S1369 8869 ... of the flap was in 1971, ref cite conference booktitle 13th Int. Symp. on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics site Lisbon, Portugal, date 2006 06 26 title The Effect of Gurney Flap .... Sure enough, that was the beginning of the Gurney flap. ref The device was fabricated and fitted ... journal title Gurney Flap url http www.allamericanracers.com gurney flap.html first Keith last Howard ... the flap downwards, which actually hurt performance. ref name Houghton cite book last Houghton ... tested the device, which he later named the Gurney flap, and confirmed Gurney s field test results using a 1.25 chord flap on a Newman symmetric airfoil. ref name Myose1996 cite journal author Myose, R ... flap. He used a Newman type airfoil, which had an elliptic nose and a straight line wedge for the rear ... more details
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