wiktionary loss lose Loss may refer to A negative difference between retail price and cost of production Loss leader a deliberate commercial loss made in the expectation of recouping it by profitable sales of other lines An event in which the team or individual in question did not win Loss baseball , a pitching statistic in baseball Attenuation , a reduction in amplitude and intensity of a signal In telecommunications, loss is a decrease in signal in a communications system Angular misalignment loss , power loss caused by the deviation from optimum angular alignment Bridging loss , the loss that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line Coupling loss , the loss that occurs when energy is transferred from one circuit, optical device, or medium to another Insertion loss ... line or optical fiber Path loss , the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit from a transmitter to a receiver Free space path loss , the loss in signal strength that would result if all influences were sufficiently removed having no effect on its propagation Return loss , the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave Round trip loss in laser physics refers to energy lost due to scattering or absorption Loss function , in statistics, a function representing the cost associated with an event A fagget named Luna Arts Loss film Loss film , a 2008 film by Maris Martinsons Joe Loss 1909 1990 , founder of The Joe Loss Orchestra Loss Mull Historical Society album Loss Mull Historical Society album , 2001 Loss Bass Communion album Loss Bass Communion album , 2006 Loss comics , a mutant comic book character Lord Loss character , the Demon Lord from Darren Shan s 10 book series The Demonata The Loss , a 1990 fourth season episode of Star ... Stop loss disambiguation Grief , an emotional response to loss Animal loss , grief over the loss of an animal disambiguation de Verlust fr Perte io Perdajo nds Loss pt Derrota ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name At a Loss Type album Artist Buzzov en Cover Buzzov en At a Loss album cover.jpg Released May 5, 1998 Recorded September 1997 br Tapeworm Studios br Miami, Florida Genre Sludge metal Length 77 59 Label Off the Records, Emetic Records Producer Billy Anderson Last album Useless br 1997 This album At a Loss br 1998 Next album Revelation Sick Again br 2001 Album ratings rev1 Allmusic rev1score Rating 4 5 ref cite web url Allmusic class album id r351460 pure url yes title ...At a Loss Buzzov en publisher Allmusic ref At a Loss is the third album by sludge metal band Buzzov en , released on May 5, 1998 by Off The Records. Reissued in 2010 on vinyl and CD through Emetic Records. Track listing Track listing title1 ...At a Loss length1 2 32 title2 A Lack of length2 3 56 title3 Kakkila length3 3 28 title4 Loricet length4 3 55 title5 Flow length5 1 48 title6 Crawl Away length6 6 19 title7 Whiskey Fit length7 2 39 title8 Don t Bring Me Down length8 4 39 title9 Dirtkickers length9 2 53 title10 Red Green length10 2 49 title11 Useless length11 5 08 title12 Heal length12 1 33 title13 Left Behind length13 36 20 Left Behind ends at 7 34 with the final half hour ending in one droning, vibrating guitar effect with the main riff playing very softly in the background. Personnel Reverend Dirtkicker Vocalist Vocals , Electric guitar guitar Dixie Bass guitar Bass , vocals Simple Man Drum kit Drums Billy Anderson Record producer Producer , Audio engineer engineer Jeremy Dubois Additional engineer Arik Moonhawk Roper Cover art References Reflist DEFAULTSORT At A Loss Category Buzzoven albums Category 1998 albums 1990s metal album stub ... more details
Infobox television episode Title The Loss Image Caption Series Star Trek The Next Generation Season 4 Episode 10 Production 184 Airdate Start date 1990 12 31 Teleplay Hilary J. Bader br Alan J. Adler br Vanessa Greene Story Hilary J. Bader Director Chip Chalmers Music Dennis McCarthy composer Dennis McCarthy Guests Kim Braden Janet Brooks Mary Kohnert Tess Allenby Whoopi Goldberg Guinan Star Trek character Guinan Prev Final Mission Next Data s Day Episode list List of Star Trek The Next Generation episodes List of Star Trek The Next Generation episodes NOTOC The Loss is a fourth season episode of Star Trek The Next Generation . Overview In this episode, the USS Enterprise NCC 1701 D USS Enterprise becomes trapped within a field of two dimensional lifeforms, while Deanna Troi Counselor Troi struggles with the sudden unexpected loss of her telepathic abilities. Plot Traveling through deep space, the USS Enterprise NCC 1701 D Enterprise stops to investigate an odd phenomenon that appears like phantom images. Meanwhile, ship s counselor Deanna Troi experiences disorientation as her empathic abilities suddenly cease to work. They discover they cannot resume course as the Enterprise is caught up in a group of two dimensional lifeforms. Without her powers, Troi suffers a tremendous sense of loss, and goes through several classic psychological stages including denial , fear and anger . Ultimately, despite the reassurances of her friends, she resigns as ship s counselor, believing that without her empathic abilities, she cannot perform her duties. Data Star Trek Commander Data and William ... s loss and the ship s predicament are somehow linked, Jean Luc Picard Captain Picard pleads with her ... 4, disc 3, selection 2. External links wikiquote Star Trek The Next Generation The Loss .5B4.10.5D The Loss imdb title id 0708805 TV.com episode 19070 memoryalpha StarTrek.com link TNG 68474 Star Trek TNG S4 Star Trek TNG Star Trek DEFAULTSORT Loss, The Category Star Trek The Next Generation episodes ... more details
Stop loss may refer to, Order exchange Stop orders Stop loss order , stock or commodity market order to close a position if when losses reach a threshold Stop loss policy , US military requirement for soldiers to remain in service beyond their normal discharge date Stop loss policy insurance , an insurance policy that goes into effect after a set amount is paid in claims Personal Stop Loss , a type of insurance through Lloyd s of London Stop Loss film Stop Loss film , a 2008 film about soldiers subject to the Stop loss policy disambig de Stop Loss pl Stop loss tr Stop loss ... more details
Loss of heterogeneity not to be confused with loss of heterozygosity may be a disappearance of heterogeneity of Ion channels see Heterogeneity Biology Genetic variation in a species see Ecological extinction disambig ... more details
Profit and Loss may refer to Profit & Loss , monthly business magazine founded in July 1999 especializing in Foreign exchange market and derivative markets Profit and Loss DS9 episode Profit and Loss DS9 episode , the eighteenth episode of the second season of the television series Star Trek Deep Space Nine Profit and loss statement , statement that indicates how net revenue is transformed into net income disambig ... more details
Win loss may refer to Win loss analytics , analysis of the reasons why a visitor to a website was or wasn t persuaded to engage in a desired action Win loss record pitching , the number of wins and losses a pitcher has accumulated either in his career or a single season disambig ... more details
In telecommunications , insertion loss is the loss of Signalling telecommunication signal power physics power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber and is usually expressed in decibel s dB . If the power transmitted to the load before insertion is P sub T sub and the power received by the load after insertion is P sub R sub , then the insertion loss in dB is given by, math 10 log 10 P mathrm T over P mathrm R math Electronic filters Insertion loss is a figure of merit for an electronic filter and this data is generally specified with a filter. Insertion loss is defined as a ratio of the signal level in a test configuration without the filter installed V sub 1 sub to the signal level with the filter installed V sub 2 sub . This ratio is described in decibel dB by the following equation math mbox Insertion loss dB 10 log 10 left V 1 right 2 over left V 2 right 2 20 log 10 left V 1 right over left V 2 right math Link with Scattering parameters In case the two measurement ports use the same reference impedance, the insertion loss math IL math is defined as ref Pozar, David M. Microwave Engineering, Third Edition ref ref Collin, Robert E. Foundations For Microwave Engineering, Second Edition ref math IL 20 log 10 left S 21 right , text dB math and not, as often mistakenly thought, by math IL 10 log 10 frac left S 21 right 2 1 left S 11 right 2 , math dB. It is the extra loss produced by the introduction of the DUT between the 2 reference planes of the measurement. Notice that the extra loss can be introduced by intrinsic loss in the DUT and or mismatch. In case of extra loss the insertion loss is defined to be positive. For more detail, see the main article on Scattering parameters Insertion loss Scattering Parameters . See also Mismatch loss Return loss References references FS1037C Category Telecommunications engineering de Einf ged mpfung es P rdidas por inserci n id Kehilangan sisipan ja ... more details
Expert subject Statistics date March 2011 In statistics and decision theory a loss function is a function ... that, while it is tempting to think of loss functions as necessarily parametric since they seem ... math scriptstyle mathcal X math A . A loss function is a real lower bounded ... of action X under parameter &theta . ref SpringerEOM title Loss function id L l060900 first M.S. ... commonly used criteria are Minimax Choose the decision rule with the lowest worst loss that is, minimize the worst case maximum possible loss math underset delta operatorname arg ,min max theta in Theta ... an invariance requirement. Minimize the expected value of the loss function. Expected loss The value of the loss function itself is a random quantity because it depends on the outcome of a random ... a decision based on the expected value of the loss function however this quantity is defined differently under the two paradigms. Frequentist risk main risk function The expected loss in the frequentist ... x big , operatorname d P theta x . math Bayesian expected loss In a Bayesian approach, the expectation ... minimises the expected loss. Although this will result in choosing the same action as would be chosen .... Selecting a loss function Sound statistical practice requires selecting an estimator consistent with the actual loss experienced in the context of a particular applied problem. Thus, in the applied use of loss functions, selecting which statistical method to use to model an applied problem depends ... loss experienced under the Taguchi methods Taguchi or least squares squared error loss function, while the median is the estimator that minimizes expected loss experienced under the absolute difference loss function. Still different estimators would be optimal under other, less common circumstances. In economics, when an agent is risk neutral , the loss function is simply expressed in monetary ... agents, loss is measured as the negative of a utility utility function , which represents satisfaction ... more details
merge Machine learning date October 2011 Hinge loss is a loss function in machine learning . The hinge loss function is the following math l y, f x max 0, 1 y cdot f x math Hinge loss works well for its purposes in Support vector machine SVM as a classifier ref cite journal last Rosasco first Lorenzo coauthors Ernesto De Vito, Andrea Caponnetto, Michele Piana, Alessandro Verri title Are loss functions all the same? journal Neural Computation year 2004 month May volume 16 issue 5 doi 10.1162 089976604773135104 url http web.mit.edu lrosasco www publications loss.pdf accessdate 8 October 2011 ref , since the more you violate the margin, the higher the penalty is. However, hinge loss is not well suited for regression based problems as a result of its one sided error. Various other loss functions are more suitable for regression. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Machine learning ... more details
In insurance , the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses paid out in claims plus adjustment expenses divided by the total earned premiums. ref Harvey Rubin, Dictionary of Insurance Terms, 4th Ed. Baron s Educational Series, 2000 ref For example, if an insurance company pays out 60 in claims for every 100 in collected premiums, then its loss ratio is 60 . Loss ratios for Property insurance property and casualty insurance e.g. vehicle insurance motor car insurance , typically range from 40 to 60 . ref http www.propertyandcasualtyinsurancenews.com cms NUPC Templates Breaking 20News standard.aspx?NRMODE Published&NRNODEGUID 7B6C941448 1A7B 4219 B5F7 733B08C9025B 7D&NRORIGINALURL 2Fcms 2Fnupc 2FBreaking ... high loss ratios may be in poor financial health. They may not be collecting enough premium to pay claims, expenses, and still make a reasonable profit. Loss ratios for health insurance called the medical loss ratio , or MLR generally range from 60 to 110 . ref http content.healthaffairs.org cgi reprint 16 4 176.pdf James C. Robinson, Use And Abuse Of The Medical Loss Ratio To Measure Health Plan ... point , or expected loss ratio are used interchangeably to refer to the loss ratio necessary ... considered as part of the loss ratio. When calculating a rate change, the insurer will typically divide the incurred or actual experienced loss ratio AER by the permissible loss ratio. ref Brown RL. 1993 . http books.google.com books?id 1j4O50JENE4C Introduction to Ratemaking and Loss Reserving .... In banking, a loss ratio is the total amount of unrecoverable debt when compared to total outstanding debt. For example, if 100 was loaned, but only 90 was repaid, the bank has a loss ratio of 10 ... loss ratio on a class of loans is 2 , then the financing fees for loans of that class must be greater than 2 to recover the normal loses and return a profit. A loss ratio is in effect a numerical ... loss ratio 4946945 1.html title Loss Ratio definition accessdate 2010 03 23 ref References references ... more details
In telecommunications , return loss or reflection loss is the loss of Signalling telecommunication signal ... 10 P mathrm i over P mathrm r math where RL dB is the return loss in dB, P sub i sub is the incident ... loss is high. A high return loss is therefore desirable as it results in a lower insertion loss . Return loss may be given a minus sign, see below. NOTOC Sign Properly, loss quantities, when expressed ... resistance Amplifiers tunnel diode amplifier . ref However, return loss has historically been ... of Return Loss , IEEE Antennas & Propagation Magazine , vol.51 , iss.2, pp.166 167, April 2009. ref Taking the ratio of reflected to incident power results in a negative sign for return loss math RL mathrm ... when discussing increasing or decreasing return loss since these terms strictly have the opposite meaning when return loss is defined as a negative quantity. Electrical In metallic conductor ... is the impedance toward the Electrical load load . Return loss is the negative of the magnitude of the reflection coefficient in dB. Since power is proportional to the square of the voltage, return loss ... vertical bars indicate magnitude mathematics magnitude . Thus, a large positive return loss indicates ... i.e. through measurements and or calculations , then the return loss in dB can be calculated as the difference ... , math RL mathrm dB P mathrm i mathrm dBm P mathrm r mathrm dBm , math Return loss is identified with the S parameter ... fiber , the loss that takes place at any discontinuity of refractive index , especially at an air ... is also called Fresnel reflection loss, or simply Fresnel loss. Fiber optic transmission systems use laser s to transmit signals over optical fiber, and a high optical return loss ORL can cause ... math is the incident, or input, power. See also Hybrid balance Insertion loss Signal reflection Standing wave ratio Time domain reflectometer Optical time domain reflectometer Mismatch loss Notes Reflist ... appnotes anote044 ang.pdf Optical Return Loss Testing Ensuring High Quality Transmission ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Data loss is an error condition in information systems in which information ... backup and disaster recovery equipment and processes to prevent data loss or restore lost data. Data loss is distinguished from data unavailability , such as may arise from a network outage . Although the two have substantially similar effects, data unavailability is temporary, while data loss may be permanent. Data loss is also distinct from data spill , although the term data loss has been sometimes used in those incidents. Citation needed date July 2011 Data loss incidents can, however ... side. Types of data loss Intentional Action Intentional deletion of a file or program Unintentional ... to be two most common causes of data loss, accounting for roughly three quarters of all incidents. ref ... from data loss due to a natural disaster is to store backup data in a physically separate location. Cost of data loss The cost of a data loss event is directly related to the value of the data ... responsibility Recent statistics show the number of publicized data loss events involving ..., including the landmark California SB 1386 , requiring the notification of data loss. This and other ... compromised. Prevention Data loss prevention can rarely be guaranteed. However, the frequency of data loss and the impact can be greatly mitigated by taking proper precautions. The different types of data loss demand different types of precautions. For example, multiple power circuits with battery ... to recover after a data loss event, but they don t do much to prevent user errors or system failures. A well rounded approach to data protection has the best chance of avoiding data loss events. Such an approach ... data loss. Nothing else will prevent users from making mistakes that jeopardize data security . Data ... be easily reversed. Successful recovery from a data loss generally requires an effective backup ... to the Data Loss Event is extremely difficult. Some level of compromise between granularity of recoverability ... more details
Contract law Risk of loss is a term used in the law of contract s to determine which party should bear the burden of risk for damage occurring to goods after the sale has been completed, but before delivery has occurred. Such considerations generally come into play after the contract is formed but before buyer receives goods, something bad happens. Under the Uniform Commercial Code UCC , there are four risk of loss rules, in order of application Agreement the agreement of the parties controls Breach the breaching party is liable for any uninsured loss even though breach is unrelated to the problem. Hence, if the breach is the time of delivery, and the goods show up broken, then the breaching rule applies risk of loss on the seller. Delivery by common carrier other than by seller. Risk of loss shifts from seller to buyer at the time that seller completes its delivery obligations If it is a destination contract FOB shipping FOB buyer s city , then risk of loss is on the seller. If it is a delivery contract standard, or FOB seller s city , then the risk of loss is on the buyer. If the seller is a merchant, then the risk of loss shifts to the buyer upon buyer s receipt of the goods. If the buyer never takes possession, then the seller still has the risk of loss. ref Uniform Commercial Code 2 509 3 ref In bankruptcy law , the risk of loss rule under a contract can be abrogated by a Collateral finance secured interest . ref In re H.S.A., II, Inc. GMAC Business Credit, L.L.C. v. Ford Motor Co. , 271 B.R. 534, 47 UCC Rpt.Serv. 747 Banktcy. E.D. Mich. 2002 . ref References reflist Category Contract law law stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Parasitic loss is that which a parasite consumes from its host, for whom the loss may or may not be beneficial. Citation needed date August 2009 Parasitic loss in internal combustion engines Expert subject Automobiles date November 2008 The term parasitic loss is often applied to devices that take energy from the engine in order to enhance the engine s ability to create more energy. In the internal combustion engine , almost everything, including the drive line, causes parasitic loss. Bearing mechanical Bearings , oil pumps, piston ring s, valve springs, flywheel s, transmission mechanics transmissions , driveshaft s, and differential mechanics differential s also rob the system of power. An oil pump, being used to lubricate the engine, is a necessary parasite that consumes power from the engine its host . Another example is a supercharger , which derives its power from the engine and creates more power for the engine. The power that the supercharger consumes is parasitic loss and is usually expressed in horsepower HP . While the HP that the supercharger consumes in comparison to what it generates is small, it is still measurable or calculable. One of the desirable features of a turbocharger over a supercharger is the lower parasitic loss of the former. Citation needed date August 2009 Another common use of the term parasitic loss is where a new or different design reduces parasitic loss, such as the use of a dry sump over a wet sump . The reason may be less friction or many other variables that cause the design to be more efficient. Citation needed date August 2009 DEFAULTSORT Parasitic Loss Category Engines engineering stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Coupling loss also known as connection loss is the loss that occurs when energy is transferred from one electrical circuit circuit , circuit element, or medium to another. Coupling loss is usually expressed in the same units of measurement units such as watt s or decibel s as in the originating circuit element or medium. Coupling loss in optical fiber fiber optics refers to the power loss that occurs when coupling light from one optical device or medium to another. See also Optical return loss . Coupling losses can result from a number of factors. In electronics see Coupling electronics , impedance mismatch between coupled components results in a Signal reflection reflection of a portion of the energy at the interface. Likewise, in optical systems, where there is a change in index of refraction most commonly at a fiber air interface , a portion of the energy is reflected back into the source component. Another major source of optical coupling loss is geometrical. As an example, two fibers coupled end to end may not be precisely aligned, with the result that the two cores overlap somewhat. Light exiting the source fiber at a portion of its core that is not aligned with the core of the receiving fiber will not in general be coupled into the second fiber. While some such light will be coupled into the second fiber, it is not likely to be efficiently coupled, nor will it generally travel in an appropriate mode in the second fiber. Similarly, even for two perfectly aligned cores, where there is a gap of any significant distance between the two fibers, there will be some geometric loss due to spread of the beam. Some percentage of the light rays exiting the source fiber face will not intersect the second fiber within its entrance cone. DEFAULTSORT Coupling Loss Category Electronics terms Category Fiber optics Electronics stub ... more details
Copper loss is the term often given to heat produced by electrical current s in the Electrical conductor conductor s of transformer windings, or other electrical devices. Copper losses are an undesirable transfer of energy , as are core loss es, which result from induced current s in adjacent components. The term is applied regardless of whether the windings are made of copper or another conductor, such as aluminium . Hence the term winding loss is often preferred. A related term, load loss closely related but not identical, since an unloaded transformer will have some winding loss. Copper losses result from Joule heating and so are also referred to as I squared R losses , in deference to Joule s first law Joule s First Law . This states that the energy lost each second , or Power physics power , increases as the square algebra square of the current through the windings and in proportionality mathematics proportion to the electrical resistance of the conductors. math mbox Copper Loss I 2 R math where I is the current flowing in the conductor and R the resistance of the conductor. With I in ampere s and R in ohms, the calculated power loss is given in watt s. With high frequency currents, winding loss is affected by Proximity effect electromagnetism proximity effect and skin effect , and cannot be calculated as simply. For low frequency applications, the power lost can be minimized by employing conductors with a large cross sectional area, made from low resistivity metals. See also iron loss External links http www.articleworld.org index.php Copper loss Reduction of copper losses Category Transformers electrical Category Electrical engineering electric stub de Kupferverluste hi nl Koperverliezen ja ... more details
Infobox scientist name Daniel Loss image caption Daniel Loss birth date February 25, 1958 ref http quantumtheory.physik.unibas.ch loss CV2.pdf CV ref birth place Winterthur death date death place residence Basel , Switzerland Image Flag of Switzerland.svg 20px nationality Swiss Image Flag of Switzerland.svg 20px field Physicist work institution University of Basel alma mater University of Zurich doctoral advisor Armin Thellung doctoral students known for Proposing, with David P. DiVincenzo, the Loss DiVincenzo quantum computer prizes The Humboldt Prize 2005 , Marcel Benoist Prize 2010 ref http www.marcel benoist.ch index.php?option com content&task view&id 163&Itemid 71 http www.marcel benoist.c ref religion footnotes Daniel Loss is a professor of Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics at the University of Basel . With David P. DiVincenzo at IBM Research , he proposed the Loss DiVincenzo quantum computer in 1997, ref D. Loss and D. P. DiVincenzo, Quantum computation with quantum dots , Phys. Rev. A 57 , p120 1998 http arXiv.org cond mat 9701055 on arXiv.org in Jan. 1997 ref which would use electron spins in quantum dots as qubits . References reflist External links http theorie5.physik.unibas.ch loss University of Basel biography & publications list Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Loss, Daniel ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1958 PLACE OF BIRTH Winterthur DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Loss, Daniel Category Living people Category Swiss physicists switzerland scientist stub physicist stub de Daniel Loss ... more details
Mismatch loss in transmission line theory is the amount of power expressed in decibels that will not be available on the output due to impedance mismatches and reflections. A transmission line that is properly ... of the transmission line, will have no reflections and therefore no mismatch loss. Mismatch loss ... design however, in practice there will likely be some degree of mismatch loss. ref Daniels, David J ... 0 86341 360 5 ref In real systems, relatively little loss is due to mismatch loss and is often on the order of 1dB. Calculation Mismatch loss ML is the ratio of incident power to the difference between ... Z sub L sub Z sub o sub , and there is no mismatch loss. math ML mathrm dB 10 log 10 bigg frac P i ... loss Any component of the transmission line that has an input and output will contribute to the overall mismatch loss of the system. For example, in mixers mismatch loss occurs when there is an impedance ... in mixers. Likewise, a large amount of the loss in amplifiers comes from the mismatch between ... loss in the transmitting and receiving antenna directly contributes to the losses the system including ... , attenuator s, splitters , and combiner s will generate some amount of mismatch loss. While completely eliminating mismatch loss in these components is near impossible, mismatch loss contributions ... as is often the case, the resultant mismatch loss is not only due to the mismatches from the individual .... The overall mismatch loss cannot be calculated by just adding up the individual loss contributions from each component. The difference between the sum of the mismatch loss in each component and total mismatch loss due to the interactions of the reflections is known as mismatch error. Depending on how the multiple reflections combine, the overall system loss may be lower or higher than the sum of the mismatch loss from each component. Mismatch error occurs in pairs as the signal reflects off of each ... phase change due to the second reflection See also VSWR Insertion loss Return loss Reflection coefficient ... more details
orphan date August 2009 In contract law or tort law , the term heads of loss or heads of claim refers to categories of damage that a party may incur. It uses the term head in its sense of category each head of loss refers to the damages that correspond to a particular category of duty. Contract law When used in the context of contracts, loss is the equivalent of damages at common law. The measure of such damages can be complex, but the starting position is to put the injured party in the same position so far as money can accomplish as if the contract had been correctly performed ref Robinson v. Harman 1848 1 Ex 850. ref For example, a book on Building Contract Claims lists the following more common heads of loss ref http books.google.com books?id RMR1RiHGSEkC&pg PA101&lpg PA101&dq 22heads of loss 22&source bl&ots FpC9khVJ F&sig nKHA0 hzBekrFRX 3bZIlSEMSa4&hl en&ei IDBaSoyhOKWEmQe37I3yAg&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 3 Building contract claims By David Chappell, Vincent Powell Smith, John Sims ref On site establishment costs Head office overheads Loss of profit Inefficient or increased use of labour and plant Winter working Plant Increased costs Financing charges and interest See also Duty of care Reliance damages References references Category Contract law Category Tort law ... more details
Bone loss may refer to a number of entities Osteoporosis , a condition in which overall bone density decreases Periodontitis , a condition in which the supporting bone around teeth exhibits resorption disambig ... more details
Path loss or path attenuation is the reduction in power density attenuation electromagnetic radiation attenuation of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss is a major component ... used in wireless communications and Wiktionary signal signal wave propagation propagation . Path loss may be due to many effects, such as free space loss , refraction , diffraction , Reflection physics reflection , aperture antenna aperture Transmission medium medium coupling loss , and absorption optics absorption . Path loss is also influenced by terrain contours, environment urban or rural, vegetation ..., and the height and location of antennas. Causes Path loss normally includes propagation ... signal amplitude in a short period of time or travel distance. Loss exponent main Log distance path loss model In the study of wireless communications, path loss can be represented by the path loss ... and other indoor environments, the path loss exponent can reach values in the range of 4 to 6. On the other hand, a tunnel may act as a waveguide , resulting in a path loss exponent less than 2. Path loss is usually expressed in decibel dB . In its simplest form, the path loss can be calculated using the formula math L 10 n log 10 d C math where math L math is the path loss in decibels, math n math is the path loss exponent, math d math is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, usually ... transmission equation for the path loss between two isotropic antennas in free space Path loss in decibel dB math L 20 log 10 left frac 4 pi d lambda right math where math L math is the path loss in decibels ... in the same units as the wavelength. Prediction Calculation of the path loss is usually called prediction ... propagation or the flat earth model . For practical cases the path loss is calculated using a variety ... , W.C.Y. Lee , and Erceg . For FM radio and TV broadcasting the path loss is most commonly predicted ... loss than the empirical methods however, they are significantly more expensive in computational effort ... more details
Image Gap loss en .svg right thumb 350px Gap loss in action Gap loss is a type of signal strength loss that occurs in Optical fiber fiber optic transmission when the signal is transferred from one section of Optical fiber fiber or cable to another. ref name dicdef cite book title Communications Standard Dictionary author Martin H. Weik year 1996 publisher Springer isbn 0412083914 ref The three basic types of gap loss are angular misalignment loss, lateral offset loss, and longitudinal displacement loss. The losses tend to be proportional to the ratio of the core radius to the size of the gap or displacement. Formulas, examples and graphs can be found at http www.engr.sjsu.edu kghadiri EE164 Lecture Notes Lecture 2017 20 20Fiber 20Optic 20Communication 20 20Coupler 20and 20Connector.pdf Fiber Optic Communication Couplers and Connectors Gap loss can be reduced by filling the gap with a gel that matches the index of refraction of the fiber as closely as possible. Definition Specifically, gap loss happens when the signal from one end of a piece of cable is transferred to another, but there is a space, breakage, or gap between them. Since fiber optics transmit data via light the light can cross this gap, but spreads out and is weakened and diffused when it does so. The light that crosses the gap and enters the next section of cable is broken up. Some of it reflects off, and some will hit the covering of the cable and not enter into the cable. If the gap is small, the gap loss will be small, but if the gap is very large, it may totally corrupt the signal. ref name interest cite book ... coauthors Baksheesh Ghuman year 2001 publisher Sams Publishing isbn 067232248X ref Gap loss can be caused ... be a loss of signal. ref name mneh cite book title Technician s Guide to Fiber Optics author Donald ... of gap loss As a result of signal strength and cohesion being lost due to the scattering of the light , a fiber optic signal suffering from gap loss is degraded in both quality and throughput. See ... more details
Refimprove date May 2007 Vision loss or visual loss is the absence of Visual perception vision where it existed before, which can happen either Acute medical acutely i.e. abruptly or chronic medicine chronically i.e. over a long period of time . Ranges of vision loss Various scales have been developed to describe the extent of vision and vision loss based on visual acuity . ref name ICO International Council of Ophthalmology. http www.icoph.org pdf visualstandardsreport.pdf International Standards Visual Standards Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss with Emphasis on Popular Surveys. April 2002. ref ..., Geneva, 1977. ref Acute visual loss Acute visual loss may be dramatic in presentation. It may ... of chronic visual loss. Media opacity Opacities of the clear refractive media of the human ... visual loss as manifested by blurry vision or reduced visual acuity . While pupillary reflex es may ... Retinal diseases may cause sudden visual loss. Because the retina is being affected, there is usually ... which affect the optic nerve may cause acute visual loss. Sign medicine Sign s include an abnormal pupillary .... A dimming of vision a brownout or Greyout medical greyout accompanied by loss of peripheral perception ... are any problems that may impede the visual pathway . Rarely, acute visual loss is caused by homonymous ... Loss. Functional disorder The term functional disorder is now used where Hysteria hysterical and malingering ... for people with vision loss http www.cdc.gov ncbddd autism actearly vision loss.html CDC s Learn ... disabilities such as vision loss http www.afb.org visionloss.asp Living with Vision Loss American Foundation for the Blind http www.visionaware.org VisionAWARE Self Help for Vision Loss Independence ... with sight loss RNIB http www.icoph.org standards visionres.html International Standards Visual Standards Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss International Council of Ophthalmology http www.accdv.org en ... Services for people with vision loss Category Blindness Category Diseases of the eye and adnexa fr ... more details
Bridging loss is the loss, at a given frequency , that results when an Electrical impedance impedance is connected across a transmission line . It is expressed as the ratio, in decibel s, of the signal information theory signal power physics power delivered to a given point in a system downstream from the bridging point prior to bridging, to the signal power delivered to the given point after bridging. Source from Federal Standard 1037C and from MIL STD 188 Category Electrical parameters electronics stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
