Kuznets is a Russian language surname. The word literally means Blacksmith . It may refer to Simon Kuznets Lois Rostow Kuznets smiths surname Category Occupational surnames Category Russian language surnames ru ... more details
Infobox economist name Simon Kuznets school tradition color lightsteelblue image Kuznets portrait.jpg ... prefix repec id Simon Smith Kuznets April 30, 1901 July 8, 1985 was a Russian American economist at the Wharton ... Studies , receiving his B.Sc. in 1923, M.A. in 1924, and Ph.D. in 1926. From 1925 to 1926, Kuznets ... in 1930. From 1930 until 1936, Kuznets was a part time professor at the University of Pennsylvania ... officer in the 1940s. In 1954, Kuznets moved to Johns Hopkins University , where he was Professor of Political Economy until 1960. From 1960 until his retirement in 1971, Kuznets taught at Harvard University . Simon Kuznets died on July 8, 1985, at the age of 84. His work and its impact on economics Kuznets is credited with revolutionising econometrics , and this work is credited with fueling ... work on Gross National Product . His work on the business cycle including his discovery of Kuznets ... also studied inequality over time, and his results formed the Kuznets Curve . Another important development was Kuznets empirical examination of Keynes 1936 Absolute Income Hypothesis . The hypothesis gave birth to what would become the first formal consumption function . However Kuznets shook the economic ... , published by the National Bureau of Economic Research , Kuznets became the first economist to show ... series data . Keynes had predicted that as aggregate income increases, so will marginal savings. Kuznets ... Income Hypothesis . There are two developments at Kuznets time the emergence of econometrics and the Keynesian Revolution, both of which found in Kuznets s data an important resource for their advancement. Kuznets, however, was neither a Keynesian nor an econometrician he took his cues from Wesley ... Mitchell devoted his life to the study of business cycles, Kuznets turned to other fluctuations ... 20 year cycle he identified was later attached to his name, the Kuznets Cycle . These cycles were referred to by Kuznets as long cycles and long swings. Kuznets s life work was the collection and organization ... more details
Economic Waves Kuznets swing is a claimed medium range economic wave with a period of 15 25 years found in 1930 by Simon Kuznets . ref Kuznets S. Secular Movements in Production and Prices. Their Nature and their Bearing upon Cyclical Fluctuations . Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1930. ref Kuznets connected these waves with demographic processes, in particular with immigrant inflows outflows and the changes in construction intensity that they caused, that is why he denoted them as demographic or building Business cycle cycles swings. Kuznets swings have been also interpreted as infrastructural investment cycles. ref See, e.g., Jay Wright Forrester Forrester J. W. New Perspectives on Economic Growth. Alternatives to Growth A Search for Sustainable Futures Ed. by D. L. Meadows. Cambridge, MA Ballinger, 1977. P. 107 121 Korotayev , Andrey V., & Tsirel, Sergey V. http www.escholarship.org uc item 9jv108xp A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008 2009 Economic Crisis . Structure and Dynamics . 2010. Vol.4. 1. P.3 57. ref Kuznet s finding was debunked by Howrey 1968 . ref Howrey, E. A spectrum analysis of the long swing hypothesis. International Economic Review . 9 228 252. 1968. ref Howrey claimed that the apparent business cycle found by Kuznets was an artifact error artifact of the Filter signal processing filter Kuznets used. Howrey suggested that the same cyclical pattern could be found in white noise series when the Kuznets filter was applied. ref Cogley, Timothy and Nason, James M. Effects of the Hodrick Prescott filter on trend and difference stationary time series implications ... of the Kuznets swings in the world GDP dynamics even without the application of the Kuznets ... A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles ... Category Sociocultural evolution Category Business cycle fr Cycle Kuznets ru ... more details
Image Kuznets curve.png 320px right thumb Hypothetical Kuznets curve. Empirically observed curves aren t smooth or symmetrical see reference ref name RIG for examples of real curves. A Kuznets curve is the graphical representation of Simon Kuznets hypothesis ref http homepage.newschool.edu het profiles kuznets.htm Kuznets profile at New School for Social Research ...his discovery of the inverted U ... credit markets. Kuznets curve diagrams show an inverted U curve, although variables along the axes ..., Environmental Kuznets Curves EKC have become standard features in the technical literature of environmental ... in Latin America page xiv year 2003 publisher Routledge London & New York ref Kuznets ratio The Kuznets ... 20 to 20 , perfect equality is expressed as 1 20 to 40 changes this value to 0.5. Kuznets had two ... This section is linked from Economics Critics of the Kuznets Curve theory argue that its U shape ... between countries. For instance, many of the middle income countries used in Kuznets data ... 2001 considers the Kuznets hypothesis refuted. ref cite book author Fields G year 2001 title Distribution ... to long term stability or to collapse. This neo Malthusian model incorporating Kuznets work, yields ... Kuznets work, yields a helix model of the relationships over time rather than just a curve Lempert, David ... Economic Review, Vol. 3 No. 1, 1987. ref Environmental Kuznets Curves The environmental Kuznets ... per capita. The situation where Kuznets curves have purportedly been observed is Environment biophysical ... Kuznets curve journal Ecological Economics volume 68 issue 7 pages 2087 2095 ref For example ..., Kuznets curves have been found for some environmental health concerns such as air pollution ... invalidate the hypothesis the scale of the Kuznets curves may differ for different environmental ... a Kuznets curve. Citation needed date April 2011 Among countries with a per capita GDP of at least ... of environmental Kuznets curves EKC Critics argue that even the US is still struggling to attain ... more details
Lois Rostow Kuznets is a professor emeritus of English at San Diego State University , specializing in children s literature . Her best known book, When Toys Come Alive , studies narratives featuring living toys such as Calvin and Hobbes and Winnie the Pooh , arguing that the toys function as transitional objects that mediate between childhood and adult desires. The book won multiple awards. http childlit.sdsu.edu faculty kuznets.htm . She was also President of the Children s Literature Association . Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Kuznets, Lois Rostow ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Kuznets, Lois Rostow Category American academics of English literature Category Living people US English academic bio stub ... more details
Non free fair use in Simon Kuznets from http cepa.newschool.edu het profiles kuznets.htm, scanned by them from American Economic Review see http cepa.newschool.edu het references.htm Fair use rationale no equivalent free photo was found it is a photo of a famous individual Nobel prize winner it is used in the article on the individual for identification the photo is only being used for informational purposes. Category Soviet emigrants to the United States ... more details
EKC may refer to Environmental Kuznets Curve , see Kuznets curve Endurance Kart Championship , The UK s premier Prokart Championship East Kansas City Aviation , an airline which has ICAO airline designator E ICAO airline designator EKC Ekchari , an Indian railway station with List of railway stations in India E station code EKC Edmund Kerchever Chambers , a prominent early 20th century William Shakespeare Shakespeare scholar. disambig de EKC sv EKC ... more details
Inverted U may refer to Calmfors Driffill hypothesis , an economic theory describing the relationship between collective bargaining and employment Kuznets curve , an economic theory describing the relationship between income per capita and wealth inequity Yerkes Dodson law , a concept in Psychology, describing the relationship between arousal and performance Disambig ... more details
Cleanup date June 2008 Economic Waves There has been some confusion between the terms long cycle and long waves . Long waves date back to Nikolai Kondratieff , the Russian economist whose name now represents the cycles that he expounded on, that is the Kondratieff Waves . Long cycles properly belongs to Simon Kuznets , the second American to win the Nobel Prize in economics , the first being Paul Samuelson . Long cycles, also known as long swings, originally referred to the cycles that Kuznets expounded on, now known as Kuznets cycles or simply Kuznets. With much confusion about these terms over the last 30 years, long cycles is used almost interchangeably to refer to long waves by economists, sociologists and writers alike and few really know the difference. While Kondratieff s long waves were thought to be about 50 to 60 years long, Kuznets cycles are much shorter, based on his work with mid 19th and early 20th century demographics. Edward Cheung, author of Baby Boomers, Generation X and Social Cycles , suggests that both these cycles are based on demographics and that they do not contradict each other, but complement each other. References Cheung, Edward, http www.longwavepress.com Baby Boomers Generation X SCv1a.pdf Baby Boomers, Generation X and Social Cycles, Volume 1 North American Long waves , Toronto Longwave Press pp. 253 278 Category Economic theories Category Demographic economics Category Theories of history Category Business cycle ... more details
The Robin Hood effect is an economic occurrence where income is income redistribution redistributed so that economic inequality is reduced. The effect is named after Robin Hood , said to have stolen from the rich to give to the poor. Causes of a Robin Hood effect A Robin Hood effect can be caused by a large number of different policies or economic decisions, not all of which are specifically aimed at reducing inequality. This article lists only some of these. Natural national development Image Kuznets curve.png right 320px thumb A Kuznets curve main Kuznets curve Simon Kuznets argued that one major factor behind levels of economic inequality is the stage of economic development of a country. Kuznets described a curve like relationship between level of income and inequality, as shown. That theory prescribes that countries with very low levels of development will have relatively equal distributions of wealth. As a country develops, it necessarily acquires more capital, and the owners of this capital will then have more wealth and income, which introduces inequality. However, eventually various possible redistribution mechanisms such as trickle down effect s and social welfare programs will lead to a Robin Hood effect, with wealth redistributed to the poor. Therefore, more developed countries move back to lower levels of inequality. Non proportional income tax Many countries have an income tax system where the first part of a worker s salary is taxed very little or not at all, while those on higher salaries must pay a higher tax rate on earnings over a certain threshold, known as progressive taxation . This has the effect of the better off population paying a higher proportion of their salary in tax, effectively subsidising the less well off, leading to a Robin Hood effect. Specifically, a progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable base amount increases. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary Progressive Webster 4b increasing in rate a ... more details
Image Kuznets curve.png 160px right thumb Idealized hypothetical Kuznets curve. Economic inequality ... is attained. This trend is commonly known as the Kuznets curve after Simon Kuznets . However, a May ... more details
strong inequalities again. A critic of the Kuznets curve The analyses of Piketty can be seen as a critical continuation of the pioneering work of Simon Kuznets in the 1950s. ref See particularly, The Kuznets curve, yesterday and tomorrow , in A.Banerjee, R.Benabou et D.Mookerhee eds. , Understanding poverty , Oxford university press, 2005. ref According to Kuznets, the evolution of earnings inequalities was to be shaped, in the long run, as a bell curve Kuznets Curve , growing at the beginning .... According to Piketty, the tendency observed by Kuznets in the early 1950s is not necessarily ... more details
Economic Waves Juglar cycle is a fixed investment cycle of 7 to 11 years identified in 1862 by Clement Juglar . ref http gallica.bnf.fr ark 12148 bpt6k1060720 Des Crises commerciales et leur retour periodique en France, en Angleterre, et aux Etats Unis . Paris Guillaumin, 1862. fr icon ref Within the Juglar cycle one can observe oscillations of investments into fixed capital and not just changes in the level of employment of the fixed capital and respective changes in inventories , as is observed with respect to Kitchin cycle s. The recent research employing spectral analysis has confirmed the presence of Juglar cycles in the world GDP dynamics up to the present time. ref See, e.g. Korotayev , Andrey V., & Tsirel, Sergey V. 2010 . http www.escholarship.org uc item 9jv108xp A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and Kitchin Cycles in Global Economic Development, and the 2008 2009 Economic Crisis . Structure and Dynamics . Vol.4. 1. P.3 57. ref See also Fixed investment Business cycle References Reflist External links http www.unil.ch webdav site cwp users neyguesi public D. Besomi Clement Juglar and the transition from crises theory to business cycle theories Category Business cycle Category Economic theories Category Sociocultural evolution Category Theories of history fr Cycle Juglar ru ... more details
The Absolute Income Hypothesis is theory of consumption proposed by English economist John Maynard Keynes 1883&ndash 1946 , and has been refined extensively during the 1960s and 1970s, notably by American economist James Tobin 1918&ndash 2002 . ref http www.economyprofessor.com economictheories absolute income hypothesis.php EconomyProfessor.com , Retrieved 2008 05 29 ref Background Keynes General Theory in 1936 identified the relationship between income and Consumption economics consumption as a key macroeconomic relationship. Keynes asserted that real consumption is a function of real disposable income, total income net of taxes. As income rises, the theory asserts, consumption will also rise but not necessarily at the same rate. ref http www.economyprofessor.com economictheories absolute income hypothesis.php EconomyProfessor.com , Retrieved 2008 05 29 ref When applied to a cross section of a population, rich people are expected to consume a lower proportion of their income than poor people Marginal propensity to consume is present in Keynes consumption theory and determines by what amount consumption will change in response to a change in income. While this theory has success modeling consumption in the short term, attempts to apply this model over a longer time frame have proven less successful. This has led to the absolute income hypothesis falling out of favor as the consumption model of choice for economists. ref Kuznets, S. 1946 National Income A Summary of Findings , New York National Bureaus of Economic Research. ref Model math C t lambda Y t math Where br math C t math is consumption at time t. math lambda math is the Marginal propensity to consume math 0 lambda 1 math math Y t math is income at time t. Notes Reflist References Keynes, John M. The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London Macmillan, 1936. Consumption Category Macroeconomics econ theory stub pl Hipoteza dochodu absolutnego ... more details
. The Kuznets area has excellent coal for coke, chemical and gas production. Production in 1913 was 774,000 ... tonnes. The other sources are in Stalinsk Kuznets , Lenin Kuznets, Kemerovo, Anzhero Sudzhensk ... the deposits in Kuznets began to be exploited, in 1930 recent discovered the Mountainous Shoria iron ... of USSR iron production in the USSR was obtained in the Kuznets zone in 1937. Iron deposits Urals sources ... more details
28196104 299 3A3 3C225 3ATNASOK 3E2.0.CO 3B2 P The Nature and Significance of Kuznets Cycles, 1961 ... sici?sici 0013 0427 28196811 292 3A35 3A140 3C349 3ATPOTKC 3E2.0.CO 3B2 K The Passing of Kuznets Cycles ... more details
Orphan date December 2009 Infobox company company name Marketcetera company logo File Marketceteralogo.PNG company type Trading platform foundation 2006 location San Francisco , CA, USA key people Graham Miller CEO , Toli Kuznets Chief technical officer CTO , Roy Agostino Chief marketing officer CMO , Yoram Talmor VP of Engineering , Brian Roberti VP of Sales industry Financial services br Trader finance Trading br Hedge fund s products Marketcetera trading platform & support homepage http www.marketcetera.com www.marketcetera.com Marketcetera is a financial software company that has developed the Marketcetera open source trading platform, linking financial exchanges to users through broker services&mdash essentially itself acting as a meta broker&mdash allowing the development of Algorithmic trading automated trading systems. The Marketcetera platform uses the ACTIV Financial data steam services for a real time low latency equity data feed. The open platform uses the open source library QuickFIX to implement the standardized Financial Information eXchange FIX communication protocol. Marketcetera has offices in San Francisco and New York. History Marketcetera was founded in 2006 in San Francisco by Stanford University Stanford computer scientists CEO Graham Miller and CTO Toli Kuznets. Early in 2008, the firm managed to raise 4M through investors Shasta Ventures and Jack Selby, managing director of Clarium Capital . ref http venturebeat.com 2008 04 07 marketcetera gets 4m to bring open source to automated trading VentureBeat reporting on Marketcetera funding ref After a period of testing, version 1.0 of the software was released on 14 January 2009 for windows. On 17 February, with the release of v1.1, Marketcetera became additionally compatible with Linux, increasing its potential market reach. In March 2009, Marketcetera appointed W. Brennan Carley to its board of directors. Carley was the founder of BT Radianz , and has held C level positions at such financial ins ... more details
Kuznets . In his autobiography Kuznets acknowledges his great intellectual debt to Mitchell. Mitchell ... National Bureau of Economic Research, 1952. Simon Kuznets 1949 Wesley Clair Mitchell, 1874 1948 An Appreciation ... more details
The Golden Age is a collection of reminiscences of childhood, written by Kenneth Grahame and originally published in book form in 1895 in literature 1895 , in London by The Bodley Head , and in Chicago by Stone & Kimball. The Prologue and six of the stories had previously appeared in the National Observer, the journal then edited by William Ernest Henley . ref Lois R. Kuznets, Kenneth Grahame, Boston, Twayne, 1987 p. 59. ref Widely praised upon its first appearance &mdash Algernon Charles Swinburne , writing in the Daily Chronicle , called it one of the few books which are well nigh too praiseworthy for praise &mdash the book has come to be regarded as a classic in its genre. Typical of his culture and his era, Grahame casts his reminiscences in imagery and metaphor rooted in the culture of Ancient Greece to the children whose impressions are recorded in the book, the adults in their lives are Twelve Olympians Olympians, while the chapter titled The Argonauts refers to Perseus , Apollo , Eros and Psyche Psyche , and similar figures of Greek mythology . Grahame s reminiscences, in The Golden Age and in the later Dream Days 1898 in literature 1898 , were notable for their conception of a world where children are locked in perpetual warfare with the adult Olympians who have wholly forgotten how it feels to be young &mdash a theme later explored by J. M. Barrie and other authors. ref Anita Silvey, Children s Books and Their Creators, Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1995 p. 87. ref The original English and American editions of the book were printed without illustrations. A later edition, published in Britain and America in 1899 in literature 1899 by The Bodley Head , featured black and white artwork by Maxfield Parrish &mdash nineteen full page illustrations and twelve tailpieces. The full page pictures accompany the eighteen chapters of the book, plus a Book frontispiece frontispiece . ref Coy Ludwig, Maxfield Parrish, New York, Watson Guptill, 1973 pp. 28 9, 205 6. ref Conte ... more details
Infobox scientist image image size 150px name Gene M. Grossman birth date Birth date and age 1955 12 11 mf y birth place New York City New York USA death place residence flagicon USA United States U.S. nationality flagicon US United States American field Economist work institution Princeton University alma mater Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Ph.D. br Yale University B.A. doctoral advisor Jagdish Bhagwati Jagdish N. Bhagwati doctoral students Pol Antr s br Dani Rodrik known for International trade br Political economy br Economic growth prizes religion footnotes Gene Michael Grossman born December 11, 1955 in New York City New York is currently the Jacob Viner Professor of International Economics at Princeton University . He received his B.A. in Economics from Yale University in 1976 and his Ph.D. in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1980. He became assistant professor at Princeton University in 1980 and full professor of economics in 1988. His research focuses on international trade, in particular on the relationship between economic growth and trade and the political economy of trade policy. He is also known for his work on the Environmental Kuznets Curve . He frequently collaborated with Elhanan Helpman . He is among the http ideas.repec.org top top.person.all.html 100 best economists in the world according to RePEc IDEAS RePEc . Books Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy , with Elhanan Helpman , MIT Press, 1991. Special Interest Politics , with Elhanan Helpman , MIT Press, 2001. External links http www.princeton.edu grossman Gene Grossman s personal homepage at Princeton University http ideas.repec.org e pgr21.html IDEAS RePEc Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Grossman, Gene ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH December 11, 1955 PLACE OF BIRTH New York City New York USA DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Grossman, Gene Category 1955 births Category American economists Category Livin ... more details
Infobox journal title Journal of Environmental Economics and Management cover editor Charles F. Mason discipline Economics abbreviation J. Environ. Econ. Manage. publisher Elsevier country frequency Bimonthly history 1974 present openaccess license impact 2.581 impact year 2009 website http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 622870 description description link1 http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 00950696 link1 name Online access link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 01796173 LCCN 74647870 CODEN JEEMDI ISSN 0095 0696 eISSN The Journal of Environmental Economics and Management is a peer review peer reviewed academic journal of environmental economics published six times per year. It is the official journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists and publishes theoretical and empirical papers concerned with the linkage between economic systems and environmental and natural resources systems. It is generally regarded as the top journal in natural resources and environmental economics. ref Cite web url http www.env econ.net 2008 01 top journals in.html title Top journals in environmental economics ref The current editor in chief is Charles F. Mason University of Wyoming . The previous editor was Joseph Herriges. The journal is differentiated from the Association s other official journal, the Review of Environmental Economics and Policy , in that it has a more technical orientation. Most cited papers According to the Web of Science , the following papers have been cited most often Valuing public goods the purchase of moral satisfaction, Daniel Kahneman Kahneman D , Knetsch JL, Vol. 22 1 57 70, 1992 Hedonic housing prices and demand for clean air, Harrison D, Rubinfeld DL, Vol. 5 1 81 102, 1978 Environmental quality and development is there a kuznets curve for air pollution emissions, Selden TM, Song DQ, Vol. 27 2 147 162, 1994 A new paradigm for valuing non market goods using referendum data maximum likelihood estimation by censored lo ... more details
Economic Waves Kitchin cycle is a short business cycle of about 40 months discovered in the 1920s by Joseph Kitchin . ref name Kitchin cite journal last Kitchin first Joseph authorlink coauthors year 1923 month title Cycles and Trends in Economic Factors journal Review of Economics and Statistics volume 5 issue 1 pages 10 16 id url http www.jstor.org stable 1927031 accessdate quote doi 10.2307 1927031 ref This cycle is believed to be accounted for by time lag s in information movements affecting the decision making of commercial firms. Firms react to the improvement of commercial situation through the increase in output through the full employment of the extent fixed Capital economics capital assets. As a result, within a certain period of time ranging between a few months and two years the market gets flooded with commodities whose quantity becomes gradually excessive. The demand declines, price s drop, the produced commodities get accumulated in inventories, which informs entrepreneurs of the necessity to reduce output. However, this process takes some time. It takes some time for the information that the supply exceeds significantly the demand to get to the businessmen. Further it takes entrepreneur s some time to check this information and to make the decision to reduce production, some time is also necessary to materialize this decision these are the time lags that generate the Kitchin cycles . Another relevant time lag is the lag between the materialization of the above mentioned decision causing the capital assets to work well below the level of their full employment and the decrease of the excessive amounts of commodities accumulated in inventories. Yet, after this decrease takes place one can observe the conditions for a new phase of growth of demand , prices, output, etc. ref See, e.g. Korotayev , Andrey V., & Tsirel, Sergey V. http www.escholarship.org uc item 9jv108xp A Spectral Analysis of World GDP Dynamics Kondratieff Waves, Kuznets Swings, Juglar and ... more details
, statistical measures for capital formation were pioneered by Simon Kuznets in the 1930s and 1940s ... Explained. Kuznets, Simon Proportion of capital formation to national product . American Economic Review , 1952. Kuznets, Simon et al., National income and capital formation, 1919 1935 . National Bureau of Economic Research, 1937. Kuznets, Simon Capital in the American Economy Princeton Princeton University Press, 1961. Kuznets, Simon Commodity flow and capital formation . New York National Bureau of Economic Research, 1938. Kuznets, Simon Gross capital formation, 1919 1933 . New York National ... more details
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