File 2008 09 Nijmegen st stevens beeldenstorm.JPG thumb upright 1.5 Reformation iconoclasm in the 16th ... . Iconoclasm ref Literally, image breaking , from lang grc wikt and wikt . Iconoclasm ... Greek word for iconoclasm is eikonoklasia . ref is the deliberate destruction ..., following Akhenaten s death in Ancient Egypt . People who engage in or support iconoclasm ... . Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian ..., iconoclasm has generally been motivated by a literal interpretation of the Ten Commandments ... a major act of iconoclasm to Abraham . This is not attested in the Biblical account of the Partriarch ... periods of iconoclasm against images of other religions e.g., Christianity, Buddhism, ref http www.rawa.org ... toppled during the 18th century in the iconoclasm of civil wars. During the French Revolution ... Worker accessdate 13 January 2011 ref Byzantine iconoclasm Main Byzantine Iconoclasm File Seventh ... over iconoclasm was not restricted to the clergy, or to arguments from theology. The continuing cultural ... of both sides. Iconoclasm seems to have been supported by many from the East of the Empire and refugees ... in both beginning and ending imperial support for iconoclasm. citation needed date December 2010 The use of images had probably been increasing in the years leading up to the outbreak of iconoclasm. One ... C Mango, Historical Introduction , in Bryer & Herrin, eds., Iconoclasm , pp. 2 3., 1977, Centre for Byzantine ... Iconoclasm , Chludov Psalter , 9th century. ref http www.usu.edu markdamen 1320Hist&Civ slides 14islam iconoclasm.JPG Byzantine iconoclasm ref Sometime between 726 730, the Byzantine Emperor Leo ... convoked a synod in 730 and formally condemned iconoclasm as heretical and excommunicated its promoters ... . She decided that an ecumenical council needed to be held to address the issue of iconoclasm and directed ... Issues in Byzantine iconoclasm Accounts of iconoclast arguments are largely found in iconodule ... more details
other uses Iconoclasm Image Irenekirken.jpg thumb A simple cross example of iconoclast art in the Hagia Irene Church in Istanbul. File Clasm Chludov detail 9th century.jpg thumb Byzantine Iconoclasm, Chludov ... Byzantine iconoclasm ref The Byzantine Iconoclasm lang el Polytonic , Eikonomach a encompasses ... Iconoclasm , as it is sometimes called, lasted between about 730 and 787, when a change on the throne reversed the ban. The Second Iconoclasm was between 814 and 842. Iconoclasm , Greek for image ... in or support iconoclasm are called iconoclasts , a term that has come to be applied figuratively ... . Iconoclasm may be carried out by people of a different religion, but is often the result of sectarian disputes between factions of the same religion. In Christianity, iconoclasm has generally been ... of graven images , see also Biblical law in Christianity . The two serious outbreaks of iconoclasm ... probably had a bearing on the attitudes of both sides. Iconoclasm seems to have been supported ... may have been important factors in both beginning and ending imperial support for iconoclasm. According ... of images had probably been increasing in the years leading up to the outbreak of iconoclasm. One notable ... of the debate. ref C Mango, Historical Introduction, in Bryer & Herrin, eds., Iconoclasm ... of Jews and Muslims. ref name Oxford1 The Oxford History of Byzantium Iconoclasm, Patricia Karlin ... of Damascus , a Syrian monk living outside of Byzantine territory, became the major opponent of iconoclasm ... called the Seventh Ecumenical Council, the first supporting iconoclasm, the second supporting ... reigns after his. Byzantine iconoclasm also had consequences in Western Europe . Charlemagne himself ... the Feast of Orthodoxy Triumph of Orthodoxy under the Byzantine empress Theodora over iconoclasm ... Leo V the Armenian instituted a second period of Iconoclasm in 815 , again possibly motivated by military ..., Leo V began to discuss the possibility of reviving iconoclasm with a variety of people, including ... more details
span class dablink For other uses, see Lazarus disambiguation . span Saint Lazarus Zographos died 867 was a monk and Painting painter from Constantinople who opposed the iconoclasm The second iconoclastic period 814 842 iconoclasm during the reign of Theophilus emperor Theophilus . His Calendar of saints feast day is 23 February. External links http www.catholic forum.com saints saintl1b.htm Lazarus at Patron Saints Index http www.saintpatrickdc.org ss 0223.htm laza 23 February saints at St. Patrick s Church DEFAULTSORT Zographos, Lazarus Category Year of birth missing Category 867 deaths Category 9th century Byzantine people Category 9th century Christian saints Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Byzantine painters Byzantine bio stub saint stub ca Ll tzer el Pintor ru tr Lazarus Zografos ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 The Council of Constantinople of 815 was held in the Byzantine capital, in the Hagia Sophia , and initiated the second period of the Byzantine Iconoclasm . Shortly before it convened, the iconophile Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople Nikephoros I was deposed by Emperor Leo V the Armenian in favour of the iconoclast Theodotos I of Constantinople Theodotos I . Theodotos presided over the council, which reinstated iconoclasm, repudiating the Second Council of Nicaea and reaffirming the decisions of the Council of Hieria of 754. Although the meeting had been convened at the behest of the iconoclast Emperor, much of the Iconoclast effort was driven by other clerics, including the later patriarchs Antony I and John VII. In the aftermath of this synod Theodotos is represented as torturing by starvation more than one iconodule abbot in an attempt to force them into agreement with his ecclesiastical policy. Sources citation editor first Alexander editor last Kazhdan title Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium publisher Oxford University Press year 1991 isbn 978 0 19 504652 6 pages 513 514 DEFAULTSORT Council of Constantinople 815 Category 9th century Christian church councils Constantinople 815 Category Eastern Orthodox Church councils Constantinople 815 Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Church councils in Constantinople 815 ... more details
John of Constantinople died 813 was abbot of Cathares Monastery , in Constantinople . He clashed with Emperor Leo the Armenian , who was instituting a policy of iconoclasm . John survived torture. He is a Catholic ref http www.saintpatrickdc.org ss 0427.htm Saint Patrick s Church Saints of April 27 Bot generated title ref and Orthodox ref http www.orthodoxengland.org.uk johns.htm Orthodox Holiness Around the Church Year With St John Bot generated title ref saint, celebrated on April 18 or April 27 ref http www.pomog.org index.html?http www.pomog.org saintlist.shtml POMOG Protection of the Mother of God Church, Rochester NY Bot generated title ref . Notes references Category 813 deaths Category 9th century Christian saints Category 9th century Byzantine people Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Byzantine bio stub sr ... more details
Refimprove date November 2009 An iconodule Greek eikono doulos One who serves images also iconodulist or iconophile is someone who espouses iconodulism , i.e. who supports or is in favor of religious images or icons and their veneration , and is in opposition to an Iconoclasm iconoclast , someone against the use of religious images. The term is usually used in relation to the iconoclastic controversy in the Byzantine Empire the most famous iconodules of that time being the Saints Theodore the Studite and John of Damascus . The controversy was instigated by Byzantine Emperor Leo III the Isaurian Leo III in 726, when he ordered the destruction of icons throughout the empire. St. John of Damascus argued successfully that to prohibit the use of icons was tantamount to denying the incarnation Christianity incarnation , the presence of the Word of God in the material world. Icons reminded the church of the physicality of God as manifested in Jesus Christ . Veneration of icons was restored by the Second Council of Nicaea Seventh Ecumenical Council in 787. However this was met with opposition, in particular of Charlemagne . The last outburst of iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire was overcome in 843, in an event celebrated as the Feast of Orthodoxy . References citebook title The Graeco Roman and oriental background of the iconoclastic controversy volume 5 first Leslie William last Barnard publisher BRILL year 1974 ISBN 9004039449 See also Iconoclasm Iconography Idolatry Iconolatry Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Christian terms Orthodoxy stub cs Ikonodulie de Bilderverehrung es Iconodulia eo Idolanismo fr Iconodulie it Iconodulia nl Iconenverering sl Ikonodulstvo ... more details
Lead too short date September 2009 Main aniconism Byzantine iconoclasm Main Byzantine iconoclasm There were two periods of iconoclasm, or icon destruction, in the Byzantine Empire , in the mid eighth and early ninth centuries. The political aspects of the conflicts are complex, dealing with the relationship between the Byzantine Emperors, the Eastern Orthodox Church Orthodox Church councils, and the Pope. Theologically, the debate, as with most in Orthodox theology at the time, revolved around the two natures of Jesus . Iconoclasts believed that icons could not represent both the divine and the human natures of the Messiah at the same time, but separately. Because an icon which depicted Jesus as purely physical would be Nestorianism , and one which showed Him as both human and divine would not be able to do so without confusing the two natures into one mixed nature, which was Monophysitism , all icons were thus heretical. Reference was also made to the prohibitions on the worship of graven images in the Ten Commandments Mosaic Law . During the Protestant Reformation Aniconism was also prevalent during the Protestant Reformation , when some Protestants began to preach rejection of what they perceived as idolatrous Catholic practices which filled its churches with pictures, statues, or relics of saints. The Reformed Calvinist churches and certain sects most notably the Puritans and some of the Baptist churches began to prohibit the display of religious images. Among Christians today The Amish continue to avoid photographs or any depictions of people their children s dolls usually have blank faces. ref http www.amishnews.com amisharticles amishand 20photos.htm The Amish & Photographs Amish Country News Article by Brad Igou, 1991, 2001 ref Notes div class references small references div See also Iconoclasm Censorship , Censorship by organized religion References General Jack Goody, Representations and Contradictions Ambivalence Towards Images, Theatre, Fiction, Relics and Sexuality ... more details
For the archbishop of the same name, see Andrew of Crete . Saint Andrew of Crete is a martyr of the Christian Church . A fervent iconophile , he was killed at the orders of Emperor Constantine V in 766 or 767, during the Byzantine Iconoclasm . His feast day is October 20. The monastery of St Andrew in Krisei, currently the Koca Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Constantinople Istanbul , was dedicated to him. Citation needed date October 2010 References Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints . 3rd edition. New York Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0 140 51312 4. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Crete, Andrew Of ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION Byzantine iconophile martyr DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 766 767 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Crete, Andrew Of Category Year of birth missing Category 760s deaths Category Christian martyrs of the Middle Ages Category 8th century Christian saints Category 8th century Christian martyrs Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category 8th century Byzantine people Byzantine bio stub saint stub de Andreas von Kreta M rtyrer ru ... more details
Non free use rationale Article Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen Berne Description Photograph of the vandalism committed on the Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen Berne Gerechtigkeitsbrunnen , an important historical monument and work of art in Berne Switzerland , on 14 November 1986. Source Taken from Gamboni, Dario 1997 , The destruction of art iconoclasm and vandalism since the French Revolution, Reaktion Books, ISBN 0 948462 94 9, p. 100. Original photographer not cited, presumably a Bernese police officer or journalist. Portion All Low resolution Yes. Purpose To illustrate the extent of the vandalism committed on the statue. Replaceability No, the image shows an irreproducible historical event. other information Non free historic image ... more details
Antony I Kassymatas, lang el , Ant nios I Kassymatas , Patriarch of Constantinople from January 821 to January 837. Life Antony was of undistinguished background but received a good education, becoming a lawyer in Constantinople in c. 800. He later became a monk and advanced to the position of abbot. By 814 he had become the bishop of Syllaion in Anatolia . Although Antony was an Iconodule , he became an iconoclasm Iconoclast in 815, when Emperor Leo V the Armenian Leo V reinstituted Iconoclasm. The reason for Antony s change of heart is said to have included his hope for attaining the patriarchate. The emperor appointed him a member of the committee headed by the future Patriarch Patriarch John VII of Constantinople John Grammatikos to find patristic support for Iconoclasm. In 821 the new Emperor Michael II appointed Antony patriarch, disappointing the Stoudios Stoudites , who were hoping that icons would be restored. When the patriarch of Antioch crowned Thomas the Slav rival emperor, Antony had him excommunicated in 822. The iconodule historians record that Antony was stricken with a wasting disease as divine punishment for his participation in Iconoclast councils. The patriarch died early in 837 and was later anathema tized in the Orthodox synodika . See also Eastern Orthodoxy start box succession box before Patriarch Theodotus I of Constantinople Theodotos I title Patriarch of Constantinople years 821&ndash 837 after Patriarch John VII of Constantinople John VII end box References The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium , Oxford University Press, 1991. DEFAULTSORT Antony 01 Of Constantinople Category 837 deaths Category Patriarchs of Constantinople Antony I Category 9th century archbishops Antony I Category 9th century Byzantine people cs Antonios I. patriarcha el mk I pl Antoni I Kassimates ru I ... more details
St Theodore Russian language Russian lang ru died 820 was a hieromonk of the Orthodox Church known as a strong opponent of Byzantine Iconoclasm . Theodore was born in Constantinople to a family with strong connections to the Orthodox Church . Ordained in 787, in 794 he became abbot of the Symboleon monastery in Bithynia , and later escaped from Saracen raids to Constantinople where he became an abbot again. He clashed with successive List of Byzantine Emperors emperors Constantine VI , Nicephorus I , Leo V the Armenian , and Michael II Michael II the Stammerer on the issue of Byzantine Iconoclasm iconoclasm then for the second time in ascendancy in the Empire but strongly opposed by St Theodore . For this he suffered imprisonment and exile he is the author of many works in which he defends Orthodoxy. He died in exile in Bithynia in the Akrita Monastery which he had founded. His feast days are 11 November Catholic Church and 27 December Orthodox Church , Sources Catholic Online http www.catholic.org saints saint.php?saint id 736 http www.pravoslavie.uz Jitiya 12 27FeodorNachertanniy.htm DEFAULTSORT Theodore Category 8th century births Category 820 deaths Category 9th century Byzantine people Category 9th century Christian saints Category Eastern Orthodox saints Category Constantinopolitans Byzantine bio stub saint stub ... more details
coord 40 58 22.7 N 29 2 36.7 E The Byzantine Iconoclasm iconoclast Council of Hieria was a Christianity Christian council which viewed itself as ecumenical councils ecumenical , but was later rejected by the Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholic Churches. It was summoned by the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Constantine V in 754 in the palace of Hieria opposite Constantinople . The council supported the iconoclasm iconoclast position of the emperors of this period. 338 bishops attended. No patriarchs or representatives of the five patriarchs were present Constantinople was vacant while Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria were controlled by Saracens. It styled itself as the Seventh Ecumenical Council , though its opponents described it as the Mock Synod of Constantiople or the Headless Council . Its rulings were overturned almost entirely by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 , which supported the veneration of icons . Legitimacy of the Council After the later triumph of the Iconodule s, this council became known as a Latrocinium robber council , i.e. as canonical uncanonical . Edward J. Martin writes, ref name martin1 Edward J. Martin, A History of the Iconoclastic Controversy , p.46 ref On the ecumenical character of the Council there are graver doubts. Its president was Theodosius, archbishop of Ephesus, son of the Emperor Apsimar. He was supported by Sisinnius, bishop of Perga, also known as Pastillas, and by Basil of Antioch in Pisidia, styled Tricaccabus. Not a single Patriarch was present. The see of Constantinople was vacant. Whether the Pope and the Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were invited or not is unknown. They were not present either in person or by deputy. The Council of Nicaea II considered this was a serious flaw in the legitimacy of the Council. It had not the co operation of the Roman Pope ... century Christian church councils Hieria Category 754 Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Church ... more details
Stephen II died 799 was the duke of Naples during an important transitionary period in its history, from 755 to his death. He was styled eminentissimus consul and was the leader of the local aristocracy when he was appointed by the patrikios patrician of Sicily . By the end of his reign, through a rupture with the Byzantine Empire, Naples was practically independent. After his abdication, Naples experienced a period of crisis until the election of Sergius I of Naples Sergius I in 840. At the beginning of his reign, Naples was still a loyal dukedom of the Byzantines, her dukes appointed by the emperor. In 761, therefore, she denied entry to the papal envoy, the Paul I, Bishop of Naples Bishop Paul , an opponent of the iconoclasm then gripping the Byzantine world. Stephen was no less a supporter of the iconoclasm than the emperor himself. At that time, Stephen addressed Antiochos, the patrician of Sicily and his technical overlord, as our lord and most excellent patrikios and strategos Byzantine use protostrategos 763 . By 764, however, Naples had thrown off iconoclasm and Paul was able to take up his see. After twelve years of peaceful government, during which he gained much popularity with the people, a plague hit the city of Naples and decimated the citizenry and the clergy, including the bishop himself. The people acclaimed Stephen as bishop. He immediately sought out the pope in Rome and was consecrated. Though he ceased to be duke, he continued to act as bishop for thirty three years and he transferred the duchy to his son Gregory II of Naples Gregory . He had two other sons, named Caesar, who died in the flower of youth, and Theophylactus. Sources Gay, Jules. L Italie m ridionale et l empire Byzantin Livre I . Burt Franklin New York, 1904. Chalandon, Ferdinand. Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicilie . Paris, 1907. s start s bef before Gregory I of Naples Gregory I s ttl title Duke of Naples years 755 766 s aft after Gregory II of Naples Greg ... more details
wiktionarypar iconoclast An iconoclast is someone who performs iconoclasm destruction of religious symbols, or, by extension, established dogma or conventions. Iconoclast may also refer to Iconoclasts TV show Iconoclasts TV show , featuring celebrity interviews, shown on the Sundance Channel Iconoclast Part 1 The Final Resistance , album by the metalcore band Heaven Shall Burn Iconoclast , Texas newspaper edited by William Cowper Brann in the 1890s, critical of powerful institutions Iconoclast , album by goth rock band Ascension of the Watchers Iconoclast Nazxul album , album by black metal band Nazxul Iconoclasts , a BBC Radio 4 series interviewing different iconoclasts Iconoclast , an album by hip hop artist Ivan Ives Iconoclast , a 2008 book by the neuroscientist Gregory Berns Swansea Devil The Swansea Devil , a Wales Welsh sculpture. See also Lisa the Iconoclast , an episode of the animated TV series The Simpsons disambig nl Iconoclast ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 March 11 Eastern Orthodox liturgics March 11 Eastern Orthodox Church calendar March 13 Eastern Orthodox liturgics March 13 2006 Sunday of the Feast of Orthodoxy Triumph of Orthodoxy commemoration of the restoration of icon s after the defeat of the iconoclasm iconoclast heresy in 843 1st Sunday of Great Lent Fixed commemorations All commemorations below are observed on March 25 by Old Calendarists Saints Venerable Theophanes the Confessor Theophanes of Sigriane the Confessor Saint Gregory Dialogus , Pope of Rome 604 Venerable Simeon the New Theologian 1021 Rightous Phinehas, son of Eleazar Phineas , grandson of Aaron 1500 BC Holy Abba Cyrus Other commemorations Repose of schema monk Anthony the gorge dweller of Zelenchug Monastery in Kuban 1908 DEFAULTSORT March 12 Eastern Orthodox Liturgics Category Eastern Orthodox liturgical days ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 Constantine II was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 754 to 766. He was deposed and jailed after the discovery of an iconophile plot against Emperor Constantine V in June 766. In autumn 767, he was paraded through the Hippodrome of Constantinople , and finally beheaded. Start box Succession box before Ecumenical Patriarch Anastasius of Constantinople Anastasius title List of Constantinople patriarchs Patriarch of Constantinople years 754 &ndash 766 after Ecumenical Patriarch Nicetas I of Constantinople Nicetas I End box Patriarchs of Constantinople DEFAULTSORT Constantine 02 Of Constantinople, Patriarch Category 767 deaths Category 8th century Byzantine people Category 8th century archbishops Category Patriarchs of Constantinople Category Executed Byzantine people Category People executed by the Byzantine Empire Category People executed by decapitation Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Byzantine bio stub EasternOrthodoxy bishop stub el ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Shapeless Type studio Artist Buck Tick Cover Released August 24, 1994 Recorded Genre Length Label Producer Reviews Last album Darker Than Darkness style93 br 1993 This album Shapeless br 1994 Next album Six Nine br 1995 Shapeless is the twelfth album by Japanese rock band Buck Tick released in 1994. Track listing Jupiter Silver Moon Mix D.T.D Air Liquide Mix In the Glitter Part 1 Glitter Mix Brain, Whisper, Head, Hate Is Noise Remix Iconoclasm Don t X Ray Da DAT Mix In the Glitter Part 2 Aphex Mix Killing Urb Mix Evil Flowers Neutron 9000 Mix Dress Spicelab Mix Hyper Love Hardfloor Remix Category 1994 albums japan album stub ... more details
Michael of Synnada Michael the Confessor died 826 was a bishop of Synnada from 784 ref Steven Bigham editor , Heroes of the Icon People, Places, Events 2000 , p. 111. ref . Much influenced by Patriarch Tarasios of Constantinople , he carried out diplomatic missions for him and Byzantium. He clashed with the Emperor Leo the Armenian over Leo s policy of iconoclasm , and was exiled, returning under his successor. He is a Catholic ref http www.saintpatrickdc.org ss 0523.htm Saints of May 23 Bot generated title ref and Orthodox saint. His feast day is May 23 . Notes references External links http www.serbianorthodoxchurch.net cgi bin saints.cgi?view 160963075888 At SerbianOrthodoxChurch.net http www.stnicholas billings.org Saints Hierarchs michaelsynnada.htm http www.goarch.org en Chapel saints.asp?contentid 64 Category 826 deaths Category 8th century bishops Category 9th century bishops Category Saints sr ... more details
Tradition teaches that Saint Phosterius the Hermit dwelt on a high mountain most likely in the wilderness of modern day Turkey . He is said to have been fed by an angel which serves as a testament to his holiness. Phosterius gained renown amongst his contemporaries during the Iconoclastic Controversy in the seventh century. Due to the testimony to the truth of the Christian faith given by the witness of his holy life many people left the heresy of Iconoclasm . Saint Phosterius is commemorated 5 January in the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches. See also Portal Saints Christian monasticism Stylites References http ocafs.oca.org FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID 4&ID 1&FSID 100102 Orthodox Church in America Category Byzantine hermits Category Eastern Orthodox saints Category Eastern Catholic saints Category 7th century Christian saints Category 7th century Byzantine people sr ... more details
File Nicetas of Chalcedon.jpg right thumb Saint Nicetas the Confessor , ref In the Orthodox Church, a Confessor is one who has suffered for the faith, but not endured martyrdom. ref commemorated on 28 May , was the bishop of Chalcedon in Bithynia . References to St. Nicetas have been found in old manuscripts originating from the Greek Orthodox Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem Patriarchate of Jerusalem , and in menaion menaia from the Orthodox Patriarchates of Patriarch of Serbia Serbia and Patriarch of Russia Russia . A church, first constructed in 18th century, was dedicated to him on the Greek island of Lefkas . According his Canon hymnography Canon , written by the Constantinopolitan Hieromonk , Saint Joseph the Hymnographer , ref http www.anastasis.org.uk jo hym.htm www.anastasis.org.uk ref Saint Nicetas life could be described as ascetic, God pleasing, and full of charity. He courageously opposed the Iconoclasm iconoclastic heresy, and was exiled as a result. According the Russian and Serbian Synaxarion Synaxars he suffered at the beginning of 9th century, during the reign of Leo V the Armenian in Byzantium. ref For more details see Perdikaris A.G. Nicetas the confessor, bishop of Chalcedon in Domus Byzantinus , vol.14, p.131 9 2004 5 ref References Reflist External links http www.westsrbdio.org prolog my.html?month May&day 28&Go.x 13&Go.y 6 Saint Nicetas Prologue from Ochrid DEFAULTSORT Nicetas Of Chalcedon Category 9th century Christian saints Category Byzantine Iconoclasm Category Byzantine saints Category Eastern Orthodox monks Category Eastern Orthodox saints Category Saints from Anatolia Category Wonderworkers ka sr ... more details
the character of the feast. Originally commemorating only the defeat of Iconoclasm , the commemoration ..., one of a very few icons to survive Iconoclasm Encaustic tile encaustic on panel. Saint Catherine ... , Monophysites , Monothelites , iconoclasm Iconoclasts and so on. Then comes again Eternal ... is due to God alone. Since Iconoclasm was the last of the great christology Christological controversies ... Byzantine Iconoclasm el fr Dimanche de l Orthodoxie ru ... more details
Infobox Former Country native name conventional long name Roman Empire common name Byzantium p1 Byzantium under the Isaurians flag p1 Simple Labarum.svg s1 Byzantium under the Macedonians flag s1 Simple Labarum.svg year start 820 year end 867 date start date end event start ascension of Michael II the Amorian event end death of Michael III image map image map caption capital Constantinople continent Europe common languages Medieval Greek Greek government type Autocracy title leader List of Byzantine Emperors Emperor leader1 Michael II the Amorian year leader1 820 829 leader2 Michael III year leader2 842 867 The Amorian or Phrygian dynasty ruled the Byzantine Empire East Roman or Byzantine Empire from 820 until 867. It succeeded from the non dynastic rule of Leo V the Armenian and the short lived dynasty of Nikephoros I , and was ended by the usurpation of the imperial throne by Basil I the Macedonian , who started the Macedonian dynasty . This period was marked by important changes within Byzantium, such as the end of the Byzantine Iconoclasm Iconoclasm dispute as well as a series of internal reforms, military victories and cultural revival that would bear fruit under the Macedonian emperors. Michael II Empty section date July 2010 Theophilus Empty section date July 2010 Michael III Empty section date July 2010 References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Byzantium Under The Amorian Dynasty Category 9th century in the Byzantine Empire Category Phrygian dynasty Byzantine stub bg es Dinast a frigia fr Dynastie amorienne it Dinastia Amoriana pl Dynastia amoryjska ro Dinastia Frigian ... more details
nofootnotes date January 2011 William Dowsing 1596 1668 was an England English iconoclasm iconoclast who operated at the time of the English Civil War . Dowsing was a puritan soldier who was born in Laxfield , Suffolk . He was Provost Marshall of the armies of the Eastern Association Cambridgeshire, Essex, Suffolk, Norfolk, Hertfordshire, Huntingdonshire, and Lincolnshire , responsible for supplies and administration. In 1643 he was appointed by their Captain General, the Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester Earl of Manchester as Commissioner for the destruction of monuments of idolatry and superstition to carry out a Parliamentary Ordinance of the 28th of August 1643 which stated that all Monuments of Superstition and Idolatry should be removed and abolished , specifying fixed altars, altar rails, chancel steps, crucifixes, crosses, images of the Virgin Mary and pictures of saints or superstitious inscriptions. In May 1644 the scope of the Ordinance was widened to include representations of angels a particular obsession of Dowsing s , rood lofts, holy water stoups, and images in stone, wood and glass and on plate. Dowsing carried out his work in 1643 4 by visiting over 250 churches in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk, removing or defacing items that he thought fitted the requirements outlined in the Ordinance. He recruited assistants, apparently among his friends and family, and where they were unable to perform the work themselves he left instructions for the work to be carried out. Sometimes the local inhabitants assisted his work, but often he was met by resistance or non co operation. His commission, backed up by the ability to call on military force if necessary, meant that he usually got his way. He charged each church a noble a third of a pound for his services. When ... is unique amongst those who committed iconoclasm during this period because he left a journal recording ... Trevor Cooper, ed. The Journal of William Dowsing Iconoclasm in East Anglia during the English Civil ... more details
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