Hormonal IUD Infobox Birth control image IUDCPCopperT380A.gif width 150 caption Photo of a common IUD Paragard T 380A bc type Intra uterine date first use 1909 1929 rate type Failure perfect ... IUD Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System ATC ATC G02 BA also intrauterine device , IUD , copper T , or coil is a type of intrauterine device . Most IUDs have a plastic T or U ... the entire time pregnancy is not desired. The IUD is a long acting reversible contraceptive ... T 380A has 380 square millimeters of exposed copper . The IUD is the world s most widely used ... year 2002 title The intrauterine device IUD worth singing about url http www.who.int reproductive ... by the medical community. ref name slides cite web last Lynch first Catherine M. title History of the IUD ... meetings IUD lynch presentation text.cfm?cme activityid 47&showmenu 1 accessdate 2006 07 09 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060127085615 http www.contraceptiononline.org meetings IUD lynch ... in 1909, although the author appears to have never marketed his product. ref name IUD cite ... published a report on an IUD made of silk suture. He had found a 3 pregnancy rate among 1,100 women ... with 26 copper. Copper s role in increasing IUD efficacy would not be recognized until nearly ... that contained a supportive structure in the center. The addition of this central disc lowered the IUD ... the war ended. ref name IUD The first plastic IUD, the Margulies Coil or Margulies Spiral , was introduced .... ref name slides The stainless steel single ring IUD was developed in the 1970s ref cite web last Bradley first Jeff title Ultrasound Interactive Case Study Ring IUD work OBGYN.net month August year ... of various IUD designs. ref and widely used in China because of low manufacturing costs. The Chinese ... first J. title The cost of IUD failure in China journal Studies in Family Planning volume 24 issue ... Dr. Howard Tatum, in the USA, conceived the plastic T shaped IUD in 1968. Shortly thereafter Dr. Jaime ... more details
medical notes As for IUD s when control heavy periods also required. The IUD with progestogen , intrauterine ... IUD . ref http www.plannedparenthood.org birth control pregnancy birth control intrauterine .... ref cite journal author Nijhuis J, Schijf C, Eskes T title The lost IUD don t look too far for it journal .... ref cite journal author Kaplan N title Letter Lost IUD journal Obstet Gynecol volume 47 issue ... IUD expulsion rate with delayed postpartum insertion Current deep vein thrombosis deep vein ... children, and when an IUS is inserted immediately after childbirth or abortion. ref name IUD update ... pr b6 b6chap2 7.shtml top ref ref name IUD update Postpartum cite web author IUDs An Update title ... IUD update Postabortion cite web author IUDs An Update title Chapter 3.4 Postabortion Insertion url ... IUD insertion but if an infection is found after the insertion, the patient needs to be treated. The IUD ... postpartum. ref name IUD update Postpartum Special considerations apply to women who plan to Nursing ... four weeks. ref name pp Post abortion IUD is safe and effective and has only a slightly increased ... childbirth or abortion. ref name IUD update Postpartum ref name IUD update Postabortion Hormonal ... IUD users 79 . ref name FDAp37 FDA Medical Review p.37 ref When using Mirena sup sup , about 0.1 ... mothers used a copper IUD. ref cite journal author Schiappacasse V, D az S, Zepeda A, Alvarado ... during the second trimester these increased risks end if the IUD is removed after pregnancy ... year. ref name wyoming cite web title Birth Control Options The Progestasert Intrauterine Device IUD ... device IUD , is developing a lower dose 14 micrograms levonorgestrel per day T frame IUS named Femilis ... more details
Summary A diagram showing a copper intrauterine device IUD in place in uterus. Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
IUD In 1934, Japanese physician Tenrei Ota developed a variation of the Gr fenberg ring that contained a supportive structure in the center. The addition of this central disc lowered the IUD s expulsion ... community. ref name slides cite web last Lynch first Catherine M. title History of the IUD ... meetings IUD lynch presentation text.cfm?cme activityid 47&showmenu 1 accessdate 2006 07 09 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060127085615 http www.contraceptiononline.org meetings IUD lynch presentation ... and Ota until well after the war ended. ref name IUD References reflist treatment stub birth control ... more details
In medicine , sounds are instruments for probing and dilating passages within the body, the best known examples of which are urethra urethral sounds and uterus uterine sounds. Some people enjoy using them for urethral play . Urethral sounds main Urethral sounding Urethral sounds are designed to be inserted into the male or female urethra, for the purpose of stretching or unblocking a Urethral stricture stricture . There are a number of different types of urethral sounds Bakes sounds, also known as rosebud or bullet sounds, have a long thin metal rod with a bulbous bud on the end. Dittel sounds have a flat end and a rounded end. Henk sounds have a more pronounced curve at the ends, as well as a metal rib on each end. Pratt sounds are longer urethral dilators double ended ones are usually almost a foot long with rounded and slightly bent ends. Van Buren sounds have a very pronounced tips and applicators Uterine sounds These sounds or dilators are intended for probing a woman s uterus through the cervix , to measure the length and direction of the cervical canal and uterus, to determine the level of dilation, or to induce further dilation. Uterine sounding may be performed prior to embryo transfer to determine the uterine depth and how easily an embryo transfer catheter can be passed through the cervix. In this case, it may also be called a trial transfer . ref http www.resolve.org site PageServer?pagename lrn wamo deg resolve.org The Medical Aspects Of Egg Donation by Owen K. Davis, MD. Retrieved on Feb 14, 2010 ref It is performed prior to insertion of an intrauterine device IUD in order to measure the length and direction of the cervical canal and uterus. This reduces the risk of perforating the uterus with the IUD. This may occur when the IUD is inserted too deeply or at the wrong angle. ref http contraception.about.com od iud ss iudinsertion 4.htm About.com What To Expect During an IUD Insertion ParaGard IUD or Mirena IUD By Dawn Stacey M.Ed. Updated December 22, ... more details
Image IUDCPCopperT380A.gif thumb Copper IUD Paragard T 380A Image Mirena IntraUterine System.jpg thumb Hormonal IUD Mirena The intrauterine device IUD is a form of birth control it is an object placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. ref DorlandsDict nine 220000023 intrauterine device ref Among modern IUDs, the two types available are copper containing devices, and a hormone containing device that releases a progestogen . Currently, there are over 10 different kinds of copper IUD available in different ... types of intrauterine contraceptive available the copper Paragard and the hormonal IUD with progestogen ..., the term IUD only refers to inert or copper containing devices. Hormonal intrauterine contraceptives ... first Annik M. ref The WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System ATC name is IUD for both copper and hormonal devices. Copper IUDs ATC code G02 links here Main Copper IUD File IUD.png thumb An IUD as seen on X ray Copper IUDs work by impairing the mobility of sperm and preventing ... of the wire. Following that line there s a new improvement in a Spanish device Gold T IUD replacing ... 2007 04 27 ref The arms of the frame hold the IUD in place near the top of the uterus. Other shapes of IUD include the so called U shaped IUDs, such as the Load and Multiload. These are similar .... Another shape of IUD is the frameless IUD. It does not have a hard plastic shape of any ... area of copper in square millimeters the IUD provides. citation needed date September 2011 Hormonal IUD Mirena Main Hormonal IUD newsrelease section date November 2011 Deleted image ... s ring , an early IUD designed by Ernst Gr fenberg, a German gynecologist in whose honor the G spot was named. Another historical IUD is the Dalkon Shield . Produced in the 1970s, the Dalkon Shield ... Control Options The Progestasert Intrauterine Device IUD work Wyoming Health Council year 2004 url ... uterus fundus of the uterus as the GyneFix IUD is. Although a number of trials have shown positive ... more details
Grafenberg may mean D sseldorf Grafenberg , a borough of D sseldorf Ernst Gr fenberg , doctor known for developing the intrauterine device IUD , and for his studies of the role of the woman s urethra in orgasm. Grafenberg Baden W rttemberg Grafenberg , a town in Baden W rttemberg , Germany Grafenberg Strengberg Grafenberg , a village in Austria Grafenberg Wolfsbach Grafenberg , a village in Austria See also Gr fenberg disambiguation disambig de Grafenberg it Grafenberg nl Grafenberg pl Grafenberg ujednoznacznienie ... more details
mergeto Vasovagal episode date April 2010 Unreferenced date June 2007 The vagus nerve plays a role in amongst other things controlling the pulse. The vagus reflex is a reaction which can reduce the pulse rate. Intentionally inducing a vagus reflex is sometimes used to treat tachycardia racing pulse . The following stimuli may produce the vagus reflex tensing the lower abdomen similar to straining at stool gentle pressure on the closed eyes a gulp of ice cold water splashing ice cold water on the face immersing the arms in ice cold water finger stuck down the throat the insertion of an IV needle cough or sneeze involuntary or autonomic works best holding breath after exhaling see Valsalva manoeuvre insertion of an object into the uterus such as an IUD Category Reflexes medicine stub ... more details
distinguish IUD IED may stand for Improvised Electronic Device , the 2010 album by Canadian electro industrial band Front Line Assembly . Improvised explosive device , an explosive device often used in unconventional warfare. Individual educational development, a name for a special education class. Indogermanisches etymologisches W rterbuch Indo European Etymological Dictionary , by Julius Pokorny. Infliction of Emotional Distress , a tort cause of action , falling under intentional torts Information Engineering Directorate , now the Information Technology Directorate of the United Kingdom government Department of Trade and Industry United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry . Instantaneous electrical detonator . Institute for education in democracy , the professional body based in kenya that deals with election observation and issues of governance. Institute for Educational Development , at the Aga Khan University. Institute of Economic Development , the professional body for economic development practitioners. Institution of Engineering Designers , a UK Engineering Council ECUK registered professional society. Intelligent electronic device . Inter ictal Epileptiform Discharge , a characteristic of epileptic seizures. Interlingua English Dictionary , the first major presentation of Interlingua to the public. Intermittent explosive disorder , a mental health disorder. International Endowment for Democracy , a U.S. non profit organization. Istituto Europeo di Design , the European Institute of Design. disambig Category Acronyms de IED es IED fr IED it IED ... more details
Infobox Birth control name Paragard image IUDCPCopperT380A.gif width 150 caption Photo of a common IUD Paragard T 380A bc type Intrauterine date first use 1984 rate type Failure failure measure first year for EC, specify per use perfect failure 0.6 typical failure 0.6 duration effect 10 years reversibility yes user reminders Check thread position after each period. Have removed shortly after menopause, if not before. clinic interval STD protection YesNo No periods weight gain loss No effect benefits Unnecessary to take any daily action. br Emergency contraception if inserted within 5 days risks medical notes The ParaGard T 380A is an IUD with copper , manufactured and marketed in the United States by Barr Pharmaceuticals Duramed Pharmaceuticals . It is the only copper containing intrauterine device approved for use in the U.S. a hormonal uterine device, the IntraUterine System Mirena , is also approved . The ParaGard consists of a T shaped polyethylene frame wound with copper wire, along with two Monofilament line monofilament threads to aid in removal of the IUD. The ParaGard is typically inserted and removed under local anesthesia in a gynecologist s office. The ParaGard is currently approved for 10 years use, however the newest data show it actually remains effective for at least 12 years, and perhaps beyond, after which it should be removed and replaced if desired. The ParaGard can be used as a form of emergency contraception if inserted within three to five days after unprotected Sexual intercourse intercourse , and it can be inserted directly after childbirth . Like all non hormonal IUDs, the ParaGard prompts the release of leukocytes and prostaglandins by the endometrium . These substances are hostile to both sperm and eggs the presence of copper increases this spermicide spermicidal effect. Although the only experimentally demonstrated effect is spermicidal ovicidal, it is possible the IUD may rarely prevent the development of embryos. ref cite web title Mechanisms ... more details
foreignchar Ernst Graefenberg Ernst Gr fenberg September 26, 1881 in Adelebsen near G ttingen , German Empire Germany 28 October 1957 in New York City was a Germans German born physician medical doctor and scientist . He is known for developing the intrauterine device IUD , and for his studies of the role of the woman s urethra in orgasm . Career Gr fenberg studied medicine in G ttingen and Munich , earning his doctorate on 10 March 1905. He began working as a doctor of ophthalmology at the university of W rzburg , but then moved to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Kiel , where he published papers on cancer metastasis the Gr fenberg theory , and the physiology of egg implantation. In 1910 Gr fenberg worked as a gynaecologist in Berlin , and by 1920 was most successful, with an office on the Kurfurstendamm . He was chief gynecologist of a municipal hospital in Britz, a working class Berlin district, and was beginning scientific studies of the physiology of human reproduction at Berlin University. During the World War I First World War , he was a medical officer, and continued publishing papers, mostly on human female physiology. In 1929 he published his studies of the Gr fenberg ring , the first Intrauterine device IUD for which there are usage records. ref name IUD cite journal year 2000 month February title Evolution and Revolution The Past, Present, and Future of Contraception journal Contraception Online Baylor College of Medicine volume 10 issue 6 url http www.contraceptiononline.org contrareport article01.cfm?art 93 format dead link date June 2010 ref When Nazism assumed power in Germany, Gr fenberg, a Jew , was forced in 1933 to resign as head of the department of gynaecology and obstetrics in the Berlin Britz municipal hospital. In 1934, Hans Lehfeldt attempted to persuade him to leave Nazi Germany he refused, believing that since his practice included wives of high Nazi officials, he would be safe. He was wrong, and was arr ... more details
one of the researchers heading a 1991 study that showed that IUD birth control does not cause ... study challenges federal research on risks of iud s.html journal New York Times date April 15, 1991 first Lawrence K. last Altman title Study challenges federal research on risks of IUD s . ref References ... more details
Blues Band, Malkuth, Dream Aktion Unit Sadie Laska I.U.D. Alan Licht Text of Light Travis Harrison ... Gang Gang Dance , I.U.D. Andrew W.K. Adee Connors Ticwar, A Minor Forest , Lumen Mike Pride MDC ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Metrorrhagia Image Caption DiseasesDB 6847 ICD10 ICD10 N 92 1 n 80 , ICD10 N 92 4 n 80 ICD9 ICD9 626.6 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D008796 Metrorrhagia , also known as breakthrough bleeding or spotting, is uterine bleeding at irregular intervals, particularly between the expected menstrual period s. ref http www.medterms.com script main art.asp?articlekey 4367 MedicineNet.com Definition of Metrorrhagia Last Editorial Review 3 17 2003 ref In some women, menstrual spotting between periods occurs as a normal and harmless part of ovulation . Some women experience acute mid cycle abdominal pain around the time of ovulation sometimes referred to by the German term for this phenomenon, mittelschmerz . This may also occur at the same time as menstrual spotting. The use of hormonal contraceptive s, such as IUD s or oral contraceptives , can lead to breakthrough bleeding as well. If spotting continues beyond the first three cycles of oral contraceptive use, a woman should have her prescription changed to a pill containing either more estrogen or more progesterone . ref cite book last Carlson, Karen J., MD Eisenstat, Stephanie A., MD Ziporyn, Terra, PhD title The New Harvard Guide to Women s Health year 2004 publisher Harvard University Press isbn 0674013433 pages 385 ref Metrorrhagia may also be a sign of an underlying disorder, such as hormone imbalance, endometriosis , uterine fibroids , or cancer of the reproductive organs. Due to repeated bleeding, it may cause significant anemia . Cause Intermittent spotting between periods can result from any of numerous reproductive system disorders. Div col 3 Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Endometriosis Adenomyosis Ectopic pregnancy Hormone imbalance Endometrial hyperplasia Polyp medicine Polyp s Endometritis Cervicitis Vaginitis Diets which induce ketosis , such as the Atkins diet Use of progestin only contraceptives, such as Depo Provera Cervical cancer Uterine cancer Vaginal cancer ... more details
GeoGroupTemplate This is a list of airport s in Qatar , sorted by location. TOC Airports Airport names shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled service on commercial airlines. class wikitable sortable valign baseline style text align left white space nowrap List of cities in Qatar City served style text align left Municipalities of Qatar Municipality style text align left ICAO airport code ICAO style text align left IATA airport code IATA style text align left white space nowrap Airport name style text align left Geographic coordinate system Coordinates style font weight bold background CCCCCC Civil airports valign top Al Khor Al Khor Municipality Al Khor OTBK Al Khor Airport small coord 25 37 46 N 051 30 24 E region QA type airport name Al Khor Airport small valign top Doha Ad Dawhah OTBD DOH Doha International Airport small coord 25 15 40 N 051 33 54 E region QA type airport name Doha International Airport small style font weight bold background CCCCCC Military airport valign top Doha Ad Dawhah OTBH IUD Al Udeid Air Base small coord 25 07 02 N 051 18 53 E region QA type airport name Al Udeid Air Base small See also Old Airport Doha , a city district Transport in Qatar List of airports by ICAO code O OT Qatar Wikipedia WikiProject Aviation Airline destination lists Asia Qatar References cite web url http www.icao.int anb aig Taxonomy R4CDLocationIndicatorsbystate.pdf title ICAO Location Indicators by State format PDF publisher International Civil Aviation Organization date 2006 01 12 cite web url http www.unece.org cefact locode qa.htm title UN Location Codes Qatar work UN LOCODE 2007 publisher United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNECE date 2008 03 25 includes IATA codes http gc.kls2.com cgi bin gclookup?Q country QA Great Circle Mapper Airports in Qatar IATA and ICAO codes http www.worldaerodata.com countries Qatar.php World Aero Data Airports in Qatar ICAO codes Navigation boxes br Asia in topic List of airports in state expanded Cat ... more details
Image Red Triangle.svg thumb 150px right The Red Triangle indicates family planning products and services Commented out because image was deleted Image Rt lifechoices01.PNG thumb right The Life Choices variant of the Red Triangle used in Ghana An inverted Red Triangle is the symbol for family planning health and contraception services, much as the red cross is a symbol for medical services. It is especially prevalent in many developing nations such as India , Ghana , Gambia , Zimbabwe , Egypt and Thailand , where it can be seen outside shops and clinics that offer family planning products, as well as commercial and government messages that promote reproductive health services and population control. It is also frequently placed on contraceptive products, such as condoms , Diaphragm contraceptive diaphragms , spermicide spermicidal gel and IUD s for instance, on the government subsidized Nirodh condoms in India and Sultan condoms in Gambia . Family Planning Origins and variations The red triangle was invented by Deep Tyagi , an Family planning in India Indian family planning official and activist in the 1960s ref cite book title From government to grass roots reform the Ford Foundation s population programmes in South Asia, 1959 1981 author Kathleen D. McCarthy publisher Voluntas International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, Volume 6, Number 3, Springer Netherlands year 1995 ref . Several variations on the basic symbol have since been developed ref cite web title National family planning logos url http www.coreinitiative.org Resources Materials index.php?sp CORE HCM search&adv mat&step results&key Family Planning accessdate 2007 12 23 ref , such as the Life Choices and Family Planning better life logos used to promote birth control and reproductive health in Ghana , and the Naissances Desirables logo used in Zaire Zaire Congo . The Men Too shortened from Family Planning is for Everybody ... Men Too campaign in Australia used a hollow red triangle. T ... more details
pregnancy, unlike with vasectomy or Intrauterine device IUD . Of those failures, 15 20 are likely ... World Health Organization year 2002 title The intrauterine device IUD worth singing about url http ... like IUD or implant. Continued method costs or costs from unintended pregnancies make many other ... more details
wiktionary shield shielding A shield is a hand held protective device meant to intercept attacks. Shield may also refer to TOCright People Shield surname Forms of protection From attack Riot shield , used by police forces around the world for crowd control purposes Human shield , the use of civilians to deter an attack in warfare From radiation Cold shield , used to protect an object from radiative heating Electromagnetic shielding , the use of conductive material to block electromagnetic fields Shielded cable , electrical conductors enclosed by a conductive layer Radiation shield , protection against ionizing radiation Lead shielding , the use of lead as a form of radiation protection Other Dalkon Shield , a contraceptive intrauterine device IUD Heat shield , which protects a spacecraft or ballistic missile Tunnelling shield , used in excavation through soft soil Geography and geology Shield Nunatak , a prominent nunatak in Antarctica Shield geology , a large area of exposed rocks that is tectonically stable Entertainment and fiction Shield , a 1963 science fiction novel by Poul Anderson The Shield , a television police drama The Shield video game The Shield video game , based on the television series S.H.I.E.L.D. , a fictional agency in the Marvel comics universe Shield Archie Comics , one of several fictional patriotic superheroes Shield Artemis Fowl , in the Artemis Fowl novel series, a magical ability possessed by fairies Scyld Scefing or Shield Sheafson , a legendary Danish king in the epic poem Beowulf Shield song Shield song , a song by Deep Purple on the album The Book of Taliesyn Sports Baskerville Shield , a trophy awarded to the winner of rugby league test series between Great Britain and New Zealand County Antrim Shield , a Northern Irish football competition County Championship Shield , formed in 2008 and originally played for by second tier teams in the RFU County Championship FA Community Shield , a British soccer trophy IFA Shield , an annual footba ... more details
Vas occlusive contraception is an Experiment experimental male contraceptive method that is not yet approved for general use. Proposed methods of vas occlusive contraception attempt to prevent Spermatozoon sperm from traveling down the vasa deferentia . Potential methods include wiktionary clip clips , wiktionary plug plug s, valve s, and other devices. The intra vas device IVD , analogous to the intrauterine device IUD for women, is meant to be a reversible alternative to a vasectomy . The device consists of a set of flexible, hollow silicone plugs, each about a millimetre in diameter and 2.5 cm long. The IVDs are inserted into the vas deferens and block the flow of sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicle s. Progress As of 2005 , human clinical trial s are being performed to evaluate its effectiveness as a contraceptive. One version is currently in research and development by Shepherd Medical in Vancouver . Another version currently being researched in China is an elastomer plug device, using medical grade polyurethane MPU and silicone rubber MSR injected as a liquid. ref http www.malecontraceptives.org methods mpu.htm malecontraceptives.org ref The Food and Drug Administration United States U.S. Food and Drug Administration FDA approved human clinical trials for the intra vas device in 2006. ref http www.obgynnews.com article PIIS0029743707703956 fulltext Full text http download.journals.elsevierhealth.com pdfs journals 0029 7437 PIIS0029743707703956.pdf PDF cite journal title Male Contraceptive Methods Are in the Pipeline author Robert Finn journal Ob.Gyn. News 42 28, May 1, 2007 ref Side effects The procedure is expected to have similar side effects to vasectomy, such as formation of sperm antibody antibodies . See also Male contraceptive References reflist External links Not sure how many of these are just parrots of the same press release... US patent 6513528 http www.pollockclinics.com post.html Press release on Dr. Pollock s website http www.pollockclin ... more details
About degree awarded by Pontifical Lateran University traditional JUDr. degree awarded by Czech law schools Juris Utrisque Doctor in the Czech Republic A Doctor of Canon and Civil Law , from the Latin doctor utriusque juris , or juris utriusque doctor , or doctor juris utriusque doctor of both laws abbreviations include JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID is a scholar who has acquired a doctorate in both Civil law legal system civil law and Canon law church law . The degree was common among Roman Catholic Church Catholic and German scholars ref Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Ross, G. 1980 . http www.philosophy.leeds.ac.uk GMR articles leibsup.html Leibniz and Superstition . Delivered to the Northern Association for Philosophy, 26th January 1980. Accessed May 29, 2008. ref of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded only by the Pontifical Lateran University in the State of the Vatican City after a period of six years study. The ex President of the U.S., Grover Cleveland , was given the J.U.D. as an honorary degree by the Augustinian College of St. Thomas of Villanova Villanova University in 1902. ref New York Times 1902 . http query.nytimes.com mem archive free pdf? r 1&res 9401E3DA1330E733A25754C1A9609C946397D6CF&oref slogin To Honor Mr. Cleveland . New York New York Times. ref Doctors of Civil and Canon Law Antonio Agliardi Agliardi, Antonio , Cardinal Catholicism Cardinal , Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals Antonio Arregui Yarza Arregui Yarza, Antonio , Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil , Ecuador Nicholas P. Cafardi Cafardi, Nicholas P. , Dean emeritus and Professor of Law of the Duquesne University School of Law USA Pierluigi Carafa Carafa, Pierluigi iuniore , Cardinal Catholicism Cardinal , Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals , Dean of the Colle ... more details
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