pp move indef Chembox verifiedrevid 464362231 ImageFile Hydrochloricacid 30 percent.jpg ImageFile Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageSize 150px ImageName Sample of hydrochloricacid in a bottle IUPACName Hydrochloricacid Citation needed date May 2011 OtherNames Muriatic acid br Spirit of salt Section1 ... br Hydroiodic acidHydrochloricacid is a solution of hydrogen chloride Hydrogen H Chlorine Cl in water ... naturally in gastric acid . Historically called muriatic acid , and spirits of salt , hydrochloric ... production starting in the Industrial Revolution , hydrochloricacid is used in the chemical industry ... food additive s, descaling , and leather processing. About 20 million tonne s of hydrochloricacid are produced annually. Etymology Hydrochloricacid was known to European alchemists as spirits of salt ... index.cfm?mode grades&pp num EB7C4476 A4F6 7AE6 7CD78F4E6C60AA44&o num 3 title HydrochloricAcid accessdate 16 September 2010 ref History Aqua regia , a mixture consisting of hydrochloricacid and nitric ... chapter HydrochloricAcid publisher SRI International year 2001 pages 733.4000A 733.3003F ref ... century. ref name Forbes1970 The earliest suggested discovery of hydrochloricacid is attributed ... 1854 ref Free hydrochloricacid was first formally described in the 16th century by Libavius , who ... Publications isbn 978 0 486 61053 5 pages 99 ref Other authors claim that pure hydrochloricacid ... replaced by the Solvay process without a hydrochloricacid by product. Since hydrochloric ..., hydrochloricacid is mostly made by absorbing by product hydrogen chloride from Hydrochloricacid ... pages 946 48 ref Since 1988, hydrochloricacid has been listed as a Table II precursor ... H sup sup ion a single proton . In aqueous hydrochloricacid, the H sup sup joins a water molecule ... chloride ion . Hydrochloricacid can therefore be used to prepare salts called chlorides , such as sodium chloride . Hydrochloricacid is a strong acid , since it is essentially completely dissociated ... more details
valign left valign left Spoken Wikipedia Hydrochloricacid intro.ogg 2005 04 23 br clear all This is a spoken version of the lead section to Hydrochloricacid , recorded April 23, 2005, by User Steinsky Steinsky , as part of the Wikipedia WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia Spoken Wikipedia Project . Duration 1 12 File size 562 KB Bitrate variable, 60kbit s max To listen to the entire article, see Image Hydrochloric acid.ogg Hydrochloric acid.ogg . Wikipedia Spoken articles More spoken articles GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
nofootnotes date January 2011 Hydrochloricacid regeneration or HCl regeneration refers to a chemical process for the reclamation of bound and unbound HCl from metal chloride solutions such as hydrochloricacid . Field of application The commercially most relevant field of application for HCl regeneration ... composition, amount Basic process flow diagram of spray roaster hydrochloricacid regeneration plant Image Spray Roaster Acid Regeneration Plant Basic PFD.jpg Process description of spray roaster hydrochloricacid regeneration plant Preconcentration The metal chloride solution in the most common ... http www.youtube.com watch?v TrmCPkYF4Jg 3D Animation of Spray Roaster HydrochloricAcid Regeneration ... Bed HydrochloricAcid Regeneration Plant by SMS Siemag Process Technologies http www.youtube.com watch?v NNR 26Okvco 3D Animation of Hydrothermal HydrochloricAcid Regeneration Plant by SMS Siemag Process Technologies DEFAULTSORT HydrochloricAcid Regeneration Category Inorganic reactions ... air permit policies render it increasingly difficult to establish new pyrohydrolysis based acid ... of hydrochloric SPL from carbon steel pickling lines is a hydrometallurgical reaction which takes place ... low energy consumption approx. 300 kcal per litre waste acid no gaseous emissions wide operating ..., under construction . Pyrohydrolysis of spent pickle liquor Pyrohydrolysis of hydrochloric spent ... of pyrohydrolytic acid regeneration Furnace Type Spray Roaster, Fluidised Bed or Combined ... m2 g Energy Consumption between 600 and 1200 kcal l Fuel Type Concentration of regenerated acid typically approx. 18 wt wt Purity of regenerated acid remaining Fe content, Cl content Recovery Efficiency .... approx. 25 to 30 of the waste acid H sub 2 sub O, HCl are evaporated roast gas is cooled down ... acid from the preconcentrator III IV is injected into the reactor I by means of one or more spray ... duct . In the reactor the conversion of droplets of preconcentrated waste acid into iron oxide powder ... more details
To obtain a blank version of this page, type nowiki subst chembox supplement nowiki and save the page This page provides supplementary chemical data on Hydrochloric acid . Material Safety Data Sheet KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet Material safety data sheet MSDS for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions. http www.sciencestuff.com msds C1810.html Science Stuff http www2.siri.org msds index.php SIRI Structure and properties KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on the main article page border 1 cellspacing 0 cellpadding 3 style margin 0 0 0 0.5em background FFFFFF border collapse collapse border color C0C090 chembox header Structure and properties Index of refraction , n sub D sub ? Please omit if not applicable Abbe number ? Please omit if not applicable Dielectric constant , &epsilon sub r sub ? &epsilon sub small 0 small sub at ? C Please omit if not applicable Bond strength ? Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable Bond length ? Specify which bond. Please omit if not applicable Bond angle ? Specify which angle, e.g. Cl P O. Please omit if not applicable Magnetic susceptibility ? Please omit if not applicable References http webbook.nist.gov chemistry NIST Standard Reference Database Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure . wikipedia Chemical infobox Disclaimer applies. Category Chemical data pages ... more details
Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name This Is Acid Cover Cover size Caption Artist Maurice Joshua Maurice with Hot Hands Hula from Album A side B side Released 1988 Format Gramophone record 12 Recorded 1987 citation needed date February 2011 Genre Electronic dance music Electronica Acid House Length 4 38 Radio edit version ref It was the Les Adams K&T Remix that was the hit the radio edit of this mix was 4 38 and the 12 version was 6 22. ref Label A&M Records Vendetta A&M Records Writer Hula Mahone , Lidell Townsell Producer Hot Hands Hula, Les Adams Certification Last single This single Next single Misc This Is Acid , also known by its full title, This Is Acid A New Dance Craze , is the name of a 1 Billboard magazine Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart single by Chicago house music DJ and producer Maurice Joshua , who recorded the track under his first name Maurice. It reached the top spot in April 1989 and stayed there for two weeks. ref Joel Whitburn Whitburn, Joel 2004 . Hot Dance Disco 1974 2003 , Record Research Inc. ref The song contains spoken lyrics performed by male singer Hot Hands Hula Mahone. The lyrics introduce the listener to the acid house sound. Versions ... cite web url http www.discogs.com Maurice This Is Acid master 85253 title This Is Acid master release .... Legacy This Is Acid A New Dance Craze was Joshua s only hit single, but he did go on to be a Grammy Award winning producer and remixer. This Is Acid was cover version covered by Germany German ... Records TX169 A1 I Gotta Big Dick 6 20 A2 I Gotta Big Dick Instrumental 5 23 B1 This Is Acid 4 56 B2 Feel the Mood 4 15 12 Maxi US on Maurice This Is Acid A New Dance Craze Vendetta Records VE 7016 A1 This Is Acid A New Dance Craze S & T Mix 7 22 A2 This Is Acid A New Dance Craze Deep Dub 5 58 B This Is Acid ... Hot Dance Club Songs number one singles Category Acid house songs Category Electronic songs Category House music songs Category Spoken word Category Techno songs it This Is Acid ... more details
Other uses Acid disambiguation Refimprove date March 2008 Expert subject Computer science date August 2009 In computer science , ACID Atomicity database systems atomicity , Consistency database systems consistency , Isolation database systems isolation , Durability database systems durability is a set of properties that guarantee database transaction s are processed reliably. In the context of database s, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, even though that might involve multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another , is a single transaction. Jim Gray computer scientist Jim Gray defined these properties of a reliable transaction system in the late 1970s and developed technologies to automatically achieve them. ref cite web url http www.microsoft.com presspass features 1998 ... ACID to describe them. ref cite journal first Theo last H rder first2 Andreas last2 Reuter title ... properties, atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability ACID , describe the major highlights of the transaction ... of ACID is often relaxed i.e. partly respected because of the huge speed decrease this type ... to further explain the ACID properties. In these examples, the database has two fields, A and B ... rely upon locking to provide ACID capabilities. Locking means that the transaction marks the data ... ACID properties in a distributed transaction across a distributed database where no single ... , 1993. ISBN 1 55860 190 2. refend Databases DEFAULTSORT Acid Category Database management systems Category Transaction processing Category Concurrency control ar ACID ca ACID da ACID Transaktion de ACID el ACID es ACID fr Propri t s ACID ko ACID it ACID he ACID hu ACID nl ACID ja ACID pl ACID pt ACID ru ACID simple ACID fi ACID ta , , , uk ACID vi ACID zh ACID ... more details
Acids and bases A mineral acid or inorganic acid is an acid derived from one or more inorganic chemistry inorganic compounds. A mineral acid is not organic and all mineral acids release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Characteristics Commonly used mineral acids are sulfuric acid , hydrochloricacid and nitric acid They are also known as bench acids . Mineral acids range from acids of great strength example sulfuric acid to very weak boric acid . Mineral acids tend to be very soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents. Mineral acids are used in many sectors of the chemical industry as feedstocks for the synthesis of other chemicals, both organic and inorganic. Large quantities of these acids, especially sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloricacid are manufactured for commercial use in large plants. Mineral acids are also used directly for their corrosive properties. For example, a dilute solution of hydrochloricacid is used for removing the deposits from the inside of boilers, with precautions taken to prevent the corrosion of the boiler by the acid. This process is known as descaling. Examples Hydrochloricacid Nitric acid Phosphoric acid Sulfuric acid Boric acid Hydrofluoric acid Hydrobromic acid Perchloric acid External links http www.epa.gov oppsrrd1 REDs factsheets 4064fact.pdf Mineral Acids Reregistration Eligibility Decision Fact Sheet United States Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Category Mineral acids ar ca cid mineral de Minerals uren fr Acide min ral ko id Asam mineral it Acido minerale he nl Anorganisch zuur ja pl Kwasy mineralne pt cido mineral ru sv Mineralsyra ta th vi Ax t v c zh ... more details
wiktionarypar acid test Acid test or acid tests may refer to Acid test gold , a chemical or metallurgical test which uses acid, now also used as a general term for verified , approved , or tested in a large number of fields Quick ratio , also known as acid test ratio or acid test liquidity ratio, a measure of a company s cash liquidity Acid Test band , a Canadian alternative rock band ACID TEST, a Japanese band headed by singer Kazutoshi Sakurai The Acid Tests , parties conducted by the Merry Pranksters, centered on the use of LSD acid The Acid Test , a science quiz from 1994 7 on BBC Five Live hosted by Kate Bellingham Acid1 , Acid2 and Acid3 , test suites for web browsers within a Petrocalcic Horizon , the use of hydrochloricacid to test rock or soil for carbonates See also Litmus disambiguation Acid disambiguation disambig ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 385460638 Name Propiolic acid ImageFile Propiolic acid.png ImageSize 180px ImageFile1 Propiolic acid 3D balls B.png IUPACName 2 Propynoic acid OtherNames Acetylene carboxylic acid br Propargylic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 471 25 0 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1213530 SMILES C CC O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 3 sub H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub MolarMass 70.05 g mol Density 1.1325 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 9 C BoilingPt 144 C decomp. Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass Hazchem T ExternalMSDS http msds.chem.ox.ac.uk PR propiolic acid.html External MSDS Propiolic acid , or acetylene mono carboxylic acid , is an saturation chemistry unsaturated organic acid prepared by boiling acetylenedicarboxylic acid , obtained by the action of alcoholic potash on dibromosuccinic acid , or its acid potassium salt with water. It forms silky crystals which melt at 9 C, and boil at about 144 C with decomposition. It is soluble in water and possesses an odor resembling that of acetic acid . Exposure to sunlight converts it into trimesic acid benzene 1,3,5 tricarboxylic acid . Bromine converts it into dibromoacrylic acid , and it gives with hydrochloricacid O chloracrylic acid. It forms a characteristic explosive silver salt on the addition of ammoniacal silver nitrate to its aqueous solution , and an amorphous precipitate which explodes on warming with ammoniacal cuprous chloride . Its ethyl ester condenses with hydrazine to form pyrazolone . File Propiolic acid synthesis 01.svg 555px References Citation style date September 2007 reflist Merck Index , 11th Edition, 7833 . 1911 DEFAULTSORT Propiolic Acid Category Carboxylic acids Category Alkynes interwiki de Propiols ure lv Propiolsk be ja zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 440609265 ImageFile mucic acid structure.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 S ,3 R ,4 S ,5 R 2,3,4,5 tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid OtherNames Galactaric acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 526 99 8 PubChem 3037582 SMILES C C C C O O O O C C O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 6 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 8 sub MolarMass 210.1388 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Mucic acid , C sub 6 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 8 sub or HOOC CHOH sub 4 sub COOH, also known as galactaric or meso galactaric acid is obtained by nitric acid oxidation of galactose or galactose containing compounds like lactose , dulcite , quercite , and most varieties of natural gum gum . It forms a crystalline powder which melts at 213 C. It is insoluble in alcohol , and nearly insoluble in cold water. Due to the symmetry in the molecule, it is Optical rotation optically inactive even though it has Chirality chemistry chiral carbon atoms i.e., it is a meso compound . When heated with pyridine to 140 C, it is converted into allommic acid . When digested with fuming hydrochloricacid for some time it is converted into a furfural dicarboxylic acid while on heating with barium sulfide it is transformed into thiophene athiophene carboxylic acid. The ammonium salt yields on dry distillation carbon dioxide , ammonia , pyrrol and other substances. The acid when fused with caustic alkalis yields oxalic acid . With potassium bisulfate mucic acid forms 3 hydroxy 2 pyrone by dehydration and decarboxylation. Image 3 hydroxy 2 pyrone.gif frame left Reaction of mucic acid to 3 hydroxy 2 pyrone with a potassium bisulfate 160 C 4 hrs. b hydrochloricacid to pH 7 br style clear left Use Mucic acid can be used to replace tartaric acid in self rising flour or fizzies . References 1911 Category Sugar acids Category Monosaccharides bg de Schleims ure es cido m cico gl cido m cico ... more details
Acid maceration is a technique to extract organic matter organic microfossil s from a surrounding rock geology rock matrix geology matrix using acid . Hydrochloricacid or acetic acid may be used to extract phosphatic fossil s, such as the small shelly fossil s, from a carbonate matrix. Hydrofluoric acid is also used in acid macerations to extract organic fossils from silicate rocks. Fossiliferous rock may be immersed directly into the acid, or a cellulose nitrate film may be applied Dissolution chemistry dissolved in amyl acetate , which adheres to the organic component and allows the rock to be dissolved around it. ref name Edwards1982 citation last Edwards first D. year 1982 title Fragmentary non vascular plant microfossils from the late Silurian of Wales journal Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society volume 84 issue 3 pages 223 256 doi 10.1111 j.1095 8339.1982.tb00536.x ref See also Schultze reagent References reflist DEFAULTSORT Acid Maceration Category Geology geology stub ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 414434896 ImageFile Docosanedioic acid.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName Docosanedioic acid OtherNames Felogenic acid Phelogenic acid Phellogenic acid 1,22 Docosanedoic acid 1,20 Eicosanedicarboxylic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChIKey StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 505 56 6 PubChem ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID SMILES OC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC O O O InChI Section2 Chembox Properties C 22 H 42 O 4 Appearance White solid Density 0.972 g cm sup 3 sup MeltingPt 130 131 C BoilingPt 527 C Solubility Insoluble in water Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt 286.6 C Autoignition Docosanedioic acid is a chemical compound with the linear formula HOOC CH sub 2 sub sub 20 sub COOH. Uses Docosanedioic acid finds uses in organic chemistry and is a starting material for ultrasound contrast agents. It also used to produce the fluffy white solid 1,22 docosanediol which in turn is a precursor to 1,22 bis 2 trimethylammonium ethylphospatyldocosane which is a phosphocholine derivative with antifungal activity. Synthesis Disodium 7,16 diketodocosanedioate is reacted with triethanolamine , hydrazine hydrate, potassium hydroxide and a little hydrochloric acid to afford docosanedioic acid via a Wolff Kishner reduction . clarify KOH and HCl at the same time? Or perhaps sequentially? date February 2011 Alternately, 2,5 bis carboyoctyl thiophene is desulfurized with Raney nickel to afford docosanedioic acid. Also, oxidative coupling of 10 undecynoic acid to docosa 10,12 diynedoic acid and reduction of this intermediate with a palladium catalyst provides docosanedioic acid. References Unreferenced date February 2011 Reflist Category Dicarboxylic acids organic compound stub ... more details
Casamino acids is a mixture of amino acids and some very small peptide s obtained from acid hydrolysis of casein ref name jimmunol Cite journal last Mueller first J. Howard coauthors Johnson, Everett R month 1 Jan year 1941 . title Acid Hydrolysates of Casein to Replace Peptone in the Preparation of Bacteriological Media journal The Journal of Immunology volume 40 issue 1 pages 33 38 issn 1550 6606 ref It is typically used in microbial growth media . It has all the essential amino acids except tryptophan which becomes almost completely destroyed when digested with sulfuric acid sulfuric or hydrochloricacid . ref name jimmunol Casamino acids are similar to tryptone , the latter differing by being an incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis with some oligopeptides present, while casamino acids predominantly free amino acids . Uses Casamino acids are either found in the Daptacel brand DTaP vaccine or used in its manufacture. ref http www.cdc.gov vaccines pubs pinkbook downloads appendices B excipient table 2.pdf ref Reference references Portal Molecular and Cellular Biology DEFAULTSORT Casamino Acids Category Peptides Category Microbiological media ingredients Microbiology stub ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 415530257 ImageFile Diphenolic acid.svg ImageSize 200px ImageAlt IUPACName 4,4 Bis p hydroxyphenyl pentanoic acid OtherNames 4,4 Bis 4 hydroxyphenyl valeric acid br 4 hydroxy &gamma 4 hydroxyphenyl &gamma methylbenzenebutanoic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 126 00 1 PubChem 67174 SMILES CC CCC O O C1 CC C C C1 O C2 CC C C C2 O Section2 Chembox Properties C 17 H 18 O 4 Appearance White to brown crystals Density MeltingPtCL 168 MeltingPtCH 171 BoilingPtC 507 Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards ExternalMSDS http www.chemadvisor.com SymyxMSDS ohsdoc.pl?OHSNUMBER OHS35446&DOCTYPE SUMMARY MSDS MainHazards Fire and explosion hazard with strong oxidisers br Incompatible with bases FlashPt 274.5 C Autoignition Diphenolic acid is a carboxylic acid with molecular formula C sub 17 sub H sub 18 sub O sub 4 sub . Its IUPAC name is 4,4 bis p hydroxyphenyl pentanoic acid, and it can be prepared by the condensation reaction of phenol with levulinic acid in the presence of hydrochloric acid . The equation for this chemical synthesis synthesis is 2 C sub 6 sub H sub 5 sub OH CH sub 3 sub C O CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub COOH &rarr CH sub 3 sub C p C sub 6 sub H sub 4 sub OH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub COOH H sub 2 sub O Diphenolic acid is a solid at room temperature, melting at 168 171 C and boiling at 507 C. According to its Material Safety Data Sheet MSDS , diphenolic acid is soluble in ethanol , isopropanol , acetone , acetic acid , and methyl ethyl ketone , but insoluble in benzene , carbon tetrachloride , and xylene . Diphenolic acid may be a suitable replacement for bisphenol A as a plasticizer . ref http ntp.niehs.nih.gov ntp htdocs Chem Background ExSumPdf DiphenolicAcid.pdf Diphenolic acid , National Toxicology Program ref References reflist External Links Material Safety Data Sheet for http www.chemadvisor.com SymyxMSDS ohsdoc.pl?OHSNUMBER OHS35446&DOCTYPE SUMMARY diphenolic acid Category Article ... more details
Merge from Acid radical date March 2011 Unreferenced date December 2009 Within the Br nsted Lowry acid base theory proton physics protonic , a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton. A conjugate acid can also be seen as the chemical substance that releases, or donates, a proton in the forward chemical reaction, hence, the term acid. The base produced, X sup sup , is called the conjugate base , and it absorbs, or gains, a proton in the backward chemical reaction. In aqueous solution, the chemical reaction involved is of the form HX H sub 2 sub O Eqm X sup sup H sub 3 sub O sup sup This principle is discussed in detail in the article on acid base reaction The protonic Br nsted Lowry definition acid base reaction theories . The position of the equilibrium is measured as an acid dissociation constant K sub a sub Tabulated below are several examples of conjugate acid base pairs. Acid strength decreases and base strength increases down the table. cellpadding 4 Acid Base HFSbF sub 5 sub Fluoroantimonic acid SbF sub 6 sub sup sup Antimony pentafluoride Hexafluoroantimonate ion HCl Hydrochloricacid Cl sup sup Chloride ion H sub 2 sub SO sub 4 sub Sulfuric acid HSO sub 4 sub sup sup Hydrogen sulfate ion HNO sub 3 sub Nitric acid NO sub 3 sub sup sup Nitrate ion H sub 3 sub O sup sup Hydronium ion H sub 2 sub O water molecule Water HSO sub 4 sub sup sup Hydrogen sulfate ion SO sub 4 sub sup 2 sup Sulfate ion H sub 3 sub PO sub 4 sub Phosphoric acid H sub 2 sub PO sub 4 sub sup sup Dihydrogen phosphate ion CH sub 3 sub COOH Acetic acid CH sub 3 sub COO sup sup Acetate ion H sub 2 sub CO sub 3 sub Carbonic acid HCO sub 3 sub sup sup Hydrogen carbonate ion H sub 2 sub S Hydrosulfuric acid HS sup sup Hydrogen sulfide ion H sub 2 sub PO sub 4 sub sup sup Dihydrogen phosphate ion HPO sub 4 sub sup 2 ... sup Hydroxide ion See also protonation buffer solution DEFAULTSORT Conjugate Acid Category Acid base ... more details
M hydrochloricacid solution. Reversible addition of H sup sup leads to free rotation about ...Distinguish Malic acid malonic acid chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 411796196 Name Maleic acid OtherNames Z butenedioic acid, cis butenedioic acid, malenic acid, maleinic acid, toxilic acid ImageFile Maleic acid 2D skeletal A.png ImageSize 200px ImageName Skeletal formula of maleic acid ImageFile1 Maleic acid 3D balls A.png ImageSize1 200px ImageName1 Ball and stick model of the maleic acid molecule ImageFile2 Maleic acid 3D vdW A.png ImageSize2 200px ImageName2 Space filling model of the maleic acid molecule IUPACName Maleic acid br Z Butenedioic acid Section1 ... acid s OtherFunctn fumaric acid br succinic acid br crotonic acid OtherCpds maleic anhydride br maleimide Maleic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid , a molecule with two carboxyl groups. Maleic acid is the Cis trans isomerism cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer. It is mainly used as a precursor to fumaric acid, and relative to its parent maleic anhydride , maleic acid has few applications. Physical properties Maleic acid is a less stable molecule than fumaric acid. The difference in heat of combustion is 22.7 kJ mol sup &minus ... felthouse.pdf Maleic Anhydride, Maleic Acid, and Fumaric Acid , Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation ref Maleic acid is more soluble in water, than fumaric acid . The melting point of maleic acid 139&ndash 140 C is also much lower than that of fumaric acid 287 C . Both properties of maleic acid can be explained on account of the intramolecular hydrogen bond ing ref cite journal author M. N. G James, G. J. B Williams title A Refinement of the Crystal Structure of Maleic Acid journal Acta ... that takes place in maleic acid at the expense of intermolecular interactions, and that are not possible in fumaric acid for geometric reasons. Production and industrial applications In industry, maleic ... more details
, S45 FlashPt Non flammable Section8 Chembox Related OtherAnions Hydrofluoric acid br Hydrochloricacid br Hydroiodic acid OtherCpds Hydrogen bromide Hydrobromic acid HBr is a strong acid strong acid ...chembox verifiedrevid 447182371 Name Hydrobromic acid ImageFile Hydrobromic acid.svg ImageSize 150px ImageName Hydrobromic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 255 InChI 1 BrH h1H ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 47266 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S BrH h1H StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey CPELXLSAUQHCOX UHFFFAOYSA N SMILES Br InChIKey CPELXLSAUQHCOX UHFFFAOYAZ CASNo 10035 10 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS RTECS MW3850000 EINECS 233 113 0 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula HBr ... acid is an aqueous solution that distills at 124.3 C and contains 47.6 HBr by weight, which is 8.89 mol L. Hydrobromic acid has a Acid dissociation constant pK sub a sub of 9, making it a stronger acid than hydrochloricacid , but not as strong as hydrogen iodide hydroiodic acid . Hydrobromic acid is one of the strongest mineral acid s known. Uses Hydrobromic acid is mainly used for the production ... prepared from hydrobromic acid include allyl bromide, tetrabromobis phenol , and bromoacetic acid ... ref Syntheses Hydrobromic acid can be prepared in the laboratory via the reaction of bromine Br sub ... hydrogen bromide HBr , which is then dissolved in water. Hydrobromic acid has commonly been ... Preparation of pure hydrobromic acid journal J. Chem. Soc., Trans. pages 648 650 doi 10.1039 ct9007700648 ... or acetic acids. Hydrobromic acid is available commercially in various concentrations and purities ... Bromides Category Mineral acids DEFAULTSORT Hydrobromic Acid cs Kyselina bromovod kov cy Asid ... bromidrico pl Bromowod r Kwas bromowodorowy pt cido brom drico ro Acid bromhidric simple Hydrobromic acid sk Kyselina bromovod kov sl Bromovodikova kislina sr Bromovodoni na kiselina th ... more details
chembox Name Chloric acid ImageFile Chloric acid 2D.png ImageName Chloric acid ImageFile1 Chloric acid 3D vdW.png ImageName1 Chloric acid OtherNames Chloric V acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID ... Chembox Related OtherAnions bromic acid br iodic acid OtherCations ammonium chlorate br sodium chlorate br potassium chlorate OtherCpds hydrochloricacid br hypochlorous acid br chlorous acid br perchloric acid Chloric acid , Hydrogen H Chlorine Cl Oxygen O sub 3 sub , is an oxoacid of chlorine , and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acidAcid dissociation constant p K sub a sub 1 and oxidizing agent . It is prepared by the reaction of sulfuric acid with barium chlorate ... sub SO sub 4 sub 2HClO sub 3 sub BaSO sub 4 sub Another method is the heating of hypochlorous acid , of which productions include chloric acid and hydrogen chloride 3HClO HClO sub 3 sub 2 HCl It is also produced by the reaction of sulfuric acid with potassium chlorate in the combustion of sugar using potassium chlorate, sulfuric acid, and sugar. It is stable in cold aqueous solution up to a concentration ... reduced pressure. Above these concentrations, and on warming, chloric acid solutions decompose to give ... by kinetic factors indeed, chloric acid is never thermodynamically stable with respect to disproportionation . Chloric acid is a dangerously powerful oxidizing agent and will cause most organics ... when concentrated sulfuric acid is added due to chloric acid production. Because sulfur tends ... acid being produced. Chloric Acid produced from the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid can ... See also Hypochlorous acid Chlorous acid Perchloric acid Bromic acid Iodic acid Oxidizing acid Chlorate ... Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry title Chloric acid year 1994 publisher Wiley volume 2 location ... Acid Category Chlorates Category Oxidizing agents Category Oxidizing acids Inorganic compound ... ro Acid cloric ru simple Chloric acid sr fi Kloorihappo sv ... more details
chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 462091509 Name Levulinic acid Reference ref Merck Index , 11th Edition, 5352 ref ImageFile Levulinic Acid Structural Formulae.svg ImageSize 180px ImageName Skeletal formula ImageFile1 Levulinic acid 3D balls.png ImageName1 Ball and stick model IUPACName 4 Oxopentanoic acid OtherNames Levulinic acid, Laevulinic acid, Acetylpropionic acid, 3 Acetopropionic acid, acetylpropionic acid, ketovaleric acid, 4 oxopentanoic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 11091 ChEMBL Ref ebicite changed EBI ChEMBL 1235931 PubChem 11579 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII RYX5QG61EI InChI 1 C5H8O3 c1 4 6 2 3 5 7 8 h2 3H2,1H3, H,7,8 InChIKey JOOXCMJARBKPKM UHFFFAOYAR StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H8O3 c1 4 6 2 3 5 7 8 h2 3H2,1H3, H,7,8 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey JOOXCMJARBKPKM UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 123 76 2 DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank DrugBank DB02239 ChEBI Ref ebicite correct ... 246 C Levulinic acid , or 4 oxopentanoic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula formula CH sub 3 sub C O CH sub 2 sub CH sub 2 sub CO sub 2 sub H. It is a keto acid . This white crystalline ... der Chemie volume 175, pp. 181 204 1875 . DOI 10.1002 jlac.18751750113 ref levulinic acid is prepared in the laboratory by heating sucrose with concentrated hydrochloricacid . ref OrgSynth author B. F. McKenzie title Levulinic acid collvol 1 collvolpages 335 year 1941 prep cv1p0335 ref The process ... acid s can be used. Levulinic acid is a potential precursor to nylon like polymers, synthetic ..., gamma Valerolactone valerolactone , and ethyl levulinate. Levulinic acid is also a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy . Levulinic acid is used in cigarette s to increase nicotine ... of Public Health Practice Tobacco Research Program, August 2005. ref Safety Levulinic acid is relatively ... more details
Chembox IUPACName Pertechnetic acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers PubChem 11805084 PubChem Ref Pubchemcite correct pubchem ChemSpiderID 9979749 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider SMILES O Tc O O O StdInChI 1S H2O.3O.Tc h1H2 q 1 p 1 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey UTQISYNNAQMRBN UHFFFAOYSA M StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider Section2 Chembox Properties H 1 O 4 Tc 1 ExactMass 162.99 g mol sup 1 sup Pertechnetic acid HTcO sub 4 sub is a compound chemistry compound of technetium that is produced by reacting technetium VII oxide Tc sub 2 sub O sub 7 sub with water or oxidizing acid s, such as nitric acid , concentrated sulfuric acid , aqua regia , or a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. ref harvnb Schwochau 2000 p 127 ref The resulting dark red, Hygroscopy hygroscopic water attracting substance is a strong acid and easily donates protons. ref cite book url http books.google.com books?id BHjxH8q9iukC&pg PP1 author Schwochau, K. title Technetium chemistry and radiopharmaceutical applications publisher Wiley VCH year 2000 isbn 3527294961 ref CITEREFSchwochau2000 ref In the concentrated sulfuric acid Tc VII tetraoxidotechnetate pertechnetate anion is unstable and undergo conversion to octahedral form of technetic VII acid TcO sub 3 sub OH H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub 30 References Reflist Technetium compounds Category Mineral acids Category Technetium compounds ja pl Kwas nadtechnetowy ru zh ... more details
cleavage.piperic acid index.html ref . Piperonal has many uses in industry and is itself ... Sesamol Piperonyl butoxide Cinnamic acid References references Category Organic acids de Piperins ure ... more details
235 C. When subject to pyrolysis , it decomposes to hydrochloricacid and various chlorinated .... Chemistry and uses Chlorendic acid is industrially produced in high volumes by Diels Alder reaction ... and amine salts of chlorendic acid are used as extreme pressure additive s in synthetic lubricant ... , endrin , and isodrin . Its half life in soil is 140 280 days. In Europe, 80 of chlorendic acid .... External links http www.inchem.org documents ehc ehc ehc185.htm Chlorendic acid and anhydride EHC ... more details
hydrochloricacidhydrochloric and hydroiodic acid s, respectively. The salts of angelic acid are called ...chembox verifiedrevid 443390598 Name Angelic acid ImageFile Angelic acid.png ImageSize 120px ImageName Chemical structure of angelic acid ImageFile1 Angelic acid 3D balls.png ImageSize1 145px ImageName1 Ball and stick model of angelic acid IUPACName Z 2 methylbut 2 enoic acid OtherNames Section1 Chembox ... O 2 Density MeltingPtC 45.5 BoilingPtC 185 Angelic acid is a Carboxylic acid monocarboxylic Saturated and unsaturated compounds unsaturated organic acid . It is mostly found in the plants of the family Apiaceae . German pharmacist Ludwig Andreas Buchner isolated angelic acid in 1842 from the roots of garden angelica Angelica archangelica which gave the acid its name. Angelic acid is a volatile solid ... 2 butenoic acid, which easily converts to the cis isomer, tiglic acid , upon heating or reaction with inorganic ... acid are called angelates . Angelic acid ester s are the active components of herbal medicine used .... Name and discovery Angelic acid was first isolated by the German pharmacist Ludwig Andreas Buchner 1813 1897 in 1842 from the roots of the garden plant angelica Angelica archangelica that gave the acid ... 42 pages 226 233 doi 10.1002 jlac.18420420211 ref Occurrence Angelic acid occurs in the roots of many ... acid. ref name carrot cite journal last1 Sonobe first1 Hiromi last2 Kamps first2 Laverne R. last3 ... conjugated carbofuran metabolite in carrots angelic acid ester of 3 hydroxycarbofuran journal Journal ... jf00108a006 ref Sumbul plants might contain not angelic acid itself, but a larger complex which breaks into angelic acid upon processing. ref J. O. Braithwaite http books.google.com books?id 2PQ3AAAAMAAJ&pg PA14 Year book of pharmacy , J. & A. Churchill, 1887, p. 14 ref The acid can also be extracted ... The acid content is highest in Angelica archangelica ref name b1 William Allen Miller, Herbert McLeod ... Angelic acid is a volatile solid with a biting taste and pungent sour odor. It crystallizes ... more details
, 11th Edition, 5599 . ref Name Mandelic acid ImageFile kwas migda owy.svg ImageSize 120px ImageName IUPACName 2 Hydroxy 2 phenylacetic acid OtherNames Mandelic acid br Phenylglycolic acid Section1 ... acid , vanillylmandelic acid Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula ... mixture, known as paramandelic acid . Isolation and synthesis Mandelic acid was discovered while heating amygdalin , an extract of bitter almond s, with diluted hydrochloricacid . The name is derived from the German language German Mandel for almond . Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed ... catechol O methyl transferase . Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid catalysed hydrolysis of mandelonitrile ..., J. S. title Mandelic Acid collvol 1 collvolpages 336 year 1941 prep cv1p0336 ref Image Preparation of mandelic acid.png 400px Alternatively, it arises by base hydrolysis of phenylchloroacetic acid ... Dorsky title Mandelic Acid collvol 3 collvolpages 538 year 1952 prep cv3p0538 ref It also arises by heating phenylglyoxal with alkalis. Uses Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community ... doi 10.1007 BF00403669 title Mandelic acid and urinary tract infections year 1979 author Putten, P ... antibiotic. In skin care, it is also an alternative to glycolic acid in skin care products. Mandelic acid is also advantageous in that it possesses antibacterial properties. Its use as a skincare modality was pioneered by Dr James E. Fulton, who developed vitamin A acid tretinoin, Retin A in 1969. ref cite journal author Taylor, MB. year 1999 title Summary of mandelic acid for the improvement of skin ..., dermatologists now suggest mandelic acid for a wide variety of skin concerns, from acne to wrinkles ... needed date July 2011 Mandelic acid products have been used as an alternative treatment for rosacea sufferers, as it reduces inflammation and redness. Citation needed date July 2011 Mandelic acid ... caused by laser resurfacing. The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are ester s of mandelic acid. References ... more details
very low pH and high concentration of chloride ion, e.g. in concentrated hydrochloricacid , iodic acid is reduced to iodine trichloride, a golden yellow compound in solution and no further reduction ...chembox verifiedrevid 443875409 Name Iodic acid ImageFile Iodic acid 2D.png ImageSize 200px ImageName Iodic acid ImageFileL1 Iodic acid 3D balls.png ImageSize 1 100px ImageNameL1 Ball and stick model of iodic acid ImageFileR1 Iodic acid 3D vdW.png ImageSizeR1 100px ImageNameR1 Space filling model of iodic acid OtherNames Iodic V acid Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 22761 PubChem 24345 InChI 1 HIO3 c2 1 3 4 h H,2,3,4 InChIKey ICIWUVCWSCSTAQ UHFFFAOYAT ChEBI Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEBI 24857 SMILES O I O O ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 1161636 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S HIO3 c2 1 3 4 h H,2,3,4 StdInChIKey ... iodate br Potassium iodate OtherFunctn Chloric acid br Bromic acid Function halogen oxoacid s OtherCpds Hydroiodic acid br Iodine pentoxide br Periodic acid Iodic acid , HIO sub 3 sub , can be obtained ... to chloric acid or bromic acid . Iodic acid contains iodine in the oxidation state 5 and it is one of the most stable oxo acids of the halogens in its pure state. When iodic acid is carefully ..., giving a mix of iodine, oxygen and lower oxides of iodine. Preparation Iodic acid can be produced ... Properties Iodic acid is a relatively strong acid with a Acid dissociation constant p K sub a sub of 0.75. It is strongly oxidizing in acidic solution, less so in basic solution. When iodic acid acts ... is converted to iodine. Uses Iodic acid is used as a strong acid in analytical chemistry . It may ... orange as the pH indicator indicator . Use in salt industry Iodic acid can be used to synthesize ... hu J dsav nl Waterstofjodaat ja pl Kwas jodowy pt cido i dico ro Acid iodic ru simple Iodic acid fi Jodihappo uk zh ... more details
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