acid and D N acetylglucosamine monomers Hyaluronan also called hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate ... Frasher first J.R.E et al title Hyaluronan its nature, distribution, functions and turnover journal ... 9260563 issue 1 ref One of the chief components of the extracellular matrix , hyaluronan contributes ... malignant tumor s. The average 70 kg 154 lbs person has roughly 15 grams of hyaluronan ... journal author Stern R title Hyaluronan catabolism a new metabolic pathway journal Eur J Cell Biol ... ref Functions Until the late 1970s, hyaluronan was described as a wikt goo goo molecule, a ubiquitous ... B.P. year 2000 month August title Hyaluronan is not just a goo journal Journal of Clinical Investigation ... doi 10.1172 JCI10706 pmid 10930435 pmc 314333 ref For example, hyaluronan is a major component of the synovial ... of the fluid s main lubricating components. Hyaluronan is an important component of articular ... to hyaluronan in the presence of link protein , large highly negatively charged aggregates form. These aggregates ... . The molecular weight size of hyaluronan in cartilage decreases with age, but the amount ... in content and size. Biochem J 250 435 441. ref Hyaluronan is also a major component of skin , where ... inflamed sunburn and the Cell biology cells in the dermis stop producing as much hyaluronan, and increase the rate of its degradation. Hyaluronan degradation products then accumulate in the skin after UV exposure. ref Averbeck M et al. 2007 Differential regulation of hyaluronan metabolism in the epidermal .... ref While it is abundant in extracellular matrices, hyaluronan also contributes to tissue hydrodynamics ... is widely accepted as a marker of cell activation in lymphocytes. Hyaluronan s contribution to tumor ... required by tumor cells. Although hyaluronan binds to receptor CD44 , there is evidence hyaluronan ... , TLR4 or both TLR2 , and TLR4 in macrophages and dendritic cells . TLR and hyaluronan play a role in innate immunity . High concentrations of hyaluronan in the brains of young rats, and reduced concentrations ... more details
Hyaluronan synthases HAS are membrane bound enzymes which use UDP N acetyl D glucosamine and UDP D glucuronate as substrates to produce the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan at the cell surface and extrude it through the membrane into the extracellular space. Isoforms There are three mammalian hyaluronan synthases described to date HAS1 , HAS2 and HAS3 . Each of these isoforms resides at a different chromosome location ref Spicer AP et al. 1997 Chromosomal localization of the human and mouse hyaluronan synthase genes. Genomics 41 493 497. ref and has been cloned . ref Itano N and Kimata K 2002 Mammalian hyaluronan synthases. IUBMB Life 54 195 199. ref Two of the main differences between the isoforms are the chain length of the hyaluronan molecules that they produce and the ease with which they can be released from the cell surface. ref Itano N et al. 1999 Three isoforms of mammalian hyaluronan synthases have distinct enzymatic properties. J Biol Chem 274 25085 25092. ref ref Stern R, et al. 2006 Hyaluronan fragments an information rich system. Eur J Cell Biol 85 699 715. ref When mammalian cells are stimulated by changes in their immediate environment cytokines , extracellular matrix proximities , the HAS isoforms respond differently and appear to be under different control mechanisms ... HAS2 knock out mice die at mid gestation , ref Camenisch TD et al. 2000 Disruption of hyaluronan synthase 2 abrogates normal cardiac morphogenesis and hyaluronan mediated transformation of epithelium ... development, ref Bai KJ et al. 2005 The role of hyaluronan synthase 3 in ventilator induced lung ... is promoted by excess hyaluronan synthesis and processing. Am J Path. 2009 174 1027 1036 ref Increased ... migration. ref Park JB, et al. Role of hyaluronan in glioma invasion. Cell Adhesion and Migration. 2008 ... of the metastatic cascade. ref Dunn KM, et al. Inhibition of hyaluronan synthases decreases matrix ... hyaluronan synthase Glycosyltransferases Category EC 2.4.1 ... more details
PBB geneid 3161 Hyaluronan mediated motility receptor RHAMM , also known as HMMR and IHABP is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HMMR gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HMMR hyaluronan ... cell behavior and bound to hyaluronan , ref name pmid6185115 cite journal author Turley EA title ... 10.1016 0006 291X 82 92101 5 url ref RHAMM is less well studied than the main hyaluronan HA receptor ... cite journal author Turley EA, Austen L, Vandeligt K, Clary C title Hyaluronan and a cell associated hyaluronan binding protein regulate the locomotion of ras transformed cells journal J. Cell ... for hyaluronan mediated motility RHAMM characterizes the malignant clone in multiple myeloma identification ... month March pmid 10029598 doi url ref Furthermore, the receptor for hyaluronan mediated motility ... EA title Hyaluronan and the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM promote focal adhesion turnover and transient ... title THE HYALURONAN RECEPTORS CD44 AND RHAMM CD168 FORM COMPLEXES WITH ERK1,2, WHICH SUSTAIN HIGH BASAL ... Savani RC, Cao G, Pooler PM, Zaman A, Zhou Z, DeLisser HM title Differential involvement of the hyaluronan ... 1602151 doi 10.1016 S0163 4453 05 80037 4 cite journal author Hall CL title Overexpression of the hyaluronan ... for hyaluronan mediated motility on human thymocytes and T cells journal J. Immunol. volume ... and mouse receptors for hyaluronan mediated motility, RHAMM, genes HMMR map to human chromosome ... title The characterization of a human RHAMM cDNA conservation of the hyaluronan binding domains journal ... first5 Eva A. cite journal author Assmann V title The human hyaluronan receptor RHAMM is expressed ... role for hyaluronan and the hyaluronan receptor RHAMM in mobilization and trafficking of hematopoietic ... Assmann V, Jenkinson D, Marshall JF, Hart IR title The intracellular hyaluronan receptor RHAMM IHABP ... expression and extracellular regulated kinase association of the hyaladherin RHAMM receptor for hyaluronan ... JI title Subcellular distribution, calmodulin interaction, and mitochondrial association of the hyaluronan ... more details
Hylan may refer to John F. Hylan , notable Democratic Party United States Democrat and Mayor of New York City from 1918 to 1925 hyaluronan also known as hyaluronic acid or hyaluronate disambig ... more details
PBB geneid 3036 Hyaluronan synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS1 gene . ref name ... N, Kimata K, Inazawa J, McDonald JA title Chromosomal localization of the human and mouse hyaluronan ... pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1997.4696 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HAS1 hyaluronan synthase ... ref Structure Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid HA is a high molecular weight unbranched polysaccharide ... P title Hyaluronan export by the ABC transporter MRP5 and its modulation by intracellular cGMP journal ... family encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology ... laevis , and a recently described murine hyaluronan synthase. ref name entrez References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Spicer AP, Nguyen TK title Mammalian hyaluronan synthases ... 3099751 doi pmc 1146992 cite journal author Itano N, Kimata K title Molecular cloning of human hyaluronan ... Functional cloning of the cDNA for a human hyaluronan synthase. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 ... MA, Wilson CM, Furcht LT, et al. title Manipulation of hyaluronan synthase expression in prostate ... of hyaluronan synthase expression and hyaluronan synthesis in bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells predominant expression of HAS1 mRNA and up regulated hyaluronan synthesis in bone marrow cells ..., et al. title Abnormal expression of hyaluronan synthases in patients with Waldenstrom s macroglobulimenia ... cite journal author Suzuki K, Yamamoto T, Usui T, et al. title Expression of hyaluronan ... M, et al. title Intronic splicing of hyaluronan synthase 1 HAS1 a biologically relevant indicator ... K, et al. title Role of hyaluronan and hyaluronan synthase in endometrial cancer. journal Oncol ... journal author Grskovic B, Pollaschek C, Mueller MM, Stuhlmeier KM title Expression of hyaluronan synthase ... Kao JJ title The NF kappaB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate blocks IL 1beta induced hyaluronan ... hyaluronan synthase expression in human skin fibroblasts synergistic effect by concomital treatment ... more details
PBB geneid 3037 Hyaluronan synthase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS2 gene . ref name ... N, Kimata K, Inazawa J, McDonald JA title Chromosomal localization of the human and mouse hyaluronan ... pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1997.4696 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HAS2 hyaluronan synthase ... to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid HA is a high ... are extruded via ABC Transporter ref Schulz,T. Schumacher,U. Prehm,P. Hyaluronan export by the ABC ... encoding putative hyaluronan synthases, and its amino acid sequence shows significant homology to glycosaminoglycan synthetase DG42 from Xenopus laevis, and human and murine hyaluronan synthase 1. ref ... author Spicer AP, Nguyen TK title Mammalian hyaluronan synthases investigation of functional relationships ... hyaluronan synthase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 38 pages 22945 8 year 1996 pmid 8798477 ... of hyaluronan synthase expression in prostate adenocarcinoma cells alters pericellular matrix ..., Yamamoto T, Usui T, et al. title Expression of hyaluronan synthase in intraocular proliferative diseases ... of the promoter region of the human hyaluronan synthase 2 gene journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... title Regulation of hyaluronan synthase 2 expression in human intestinal mesenchymal cells mechanisms ... Saavalainen K, Pasonen Sepp nen S, Dunlop TW, et al. title The human hyaluronan synthase 2 gene is a primary ... H, Spicer AP title Natural antisense mRNAs to hyaluronan synthase 2 inhibit hyaluronan biosynthesis ... Antisense inhibition of hyaluronan synthase 2 in human osteosarcoma cells inhibits hyaluronan retention ... MM, Stuhlmeier KM title Expression of hyaluronan synthase genes in umbilical cord blood stem progenitor ... Sp1 and Sp3 mediate constitutive transcription of the human hyaluronan synthase 2 gene journal J ... cite journal author Selbi W, Day AJ, Rugg MS, et al. title Overexpression of hyaluronan synthase 2 alters hyaluronan distribution and function in proximal tubular epithelial cells journal J. Am. Soc. Nephrol ... more details
PBB geneid 3038 Hyaluronan synthase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS3 gene . ref name pmid9169154 cite journal author Spicer AP, Seldin MF, Olsen AS, Brown N, Wells DE, Doggett NA, Itano N, Kimata K, Inazawa J, McDonald JA title Chromosomal localization of the human and mouse hyaluronan synthase genes journal Genomics volume 41 issue 3 pages 493 7 year 1997 month Jul pmid 9169154 pmc doi 10.1006 geno.1997.4696 ref ref name pmid9083017 cite journal author Spicer AP, Olson JS, McDonald ... hyaluronan synthase journal J Biol Chem volume 272 issue 14 pages 8957 61 year 1997 month May pmid 9083017 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.272.14.8957 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HAS3 hyaluronan ... is involved in the synthesis of the unbranched glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan, or hyaluronic acid ... to be more of a regulator of hyaluronan synthesis. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms ... of human hyaluronan synthases in response to external stimuli. series 348 journal Biochem. J ... cite journal author Simpson MA, Reiland J, Burger SR, et al. title Hyaluronan synthase elevation in metastatic prostate carcinoma cells correlates with hyaluronan surface retention, a prerequisite for rapid ... Y, Shinkai H title Up regulation of putative hyaluronan synthase mRNA by basic fibroblast growth ... author Liu N, Gao F, Han Z, et al. title Hyaluronan synthase 3 overexpression promotes the growth of TSU ... doi cite journal author Simpson MA, Wilson CM, Furcht LT, et al. title Manipulation of hyaluronan ..., et al. title Hyaluronan synthase 3 regulates hyaluronan synthesis in cultured human keratinocytes. journal ... author Bullard KM, Kim HR, Wheeler MA, et al. title Hyaluronan synthase 3 is upregulated in metastatic ... cite journal author Suzuki K, Yamamoto T, Usui T, et al. title Expression of hyaluronan synthase ... MM, Stuhlmeier KM title Expression of hyaluronan synthase genes in umbilical cord blood stem ... TNF alpha, IFN gamma, and IL 1beta modulate hyaluronan synthase expression in human skin fibroblasts ... more details
The Indian blood group system In is named because 4 of the population in India possess it http www.funtrivia.com en subtopics Red Cell Antigens 271070.html . It is a classification of blood based on the presence or absence of Heredity inherited antigen s that reside within the CD44 molecule that is expressed on the surface of blood cell s. ref name pmid8636151 cite journal author Telen MJ, Udani M, Washington MK, Levesque MC, Lloyd E, Rao N title A blood group related polymorphism of CD44 abolishes a hyaluronan binding consensus sequence without preventing hyaluronan binding journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 271 issue 12 pages 7147 53 year 1996 month March pmid 8636151 doi 10.1074 jbc.271.12.7147 url issn ref Most individuals express the In sup b sup antigen that results from an arginine residue at position 46 of CD44 . The In sup a sup blood type results from a substitution proline for arginine at this same position. References Reflist transfusion medicine Category Blood antigen systems ... more details
Hyalobarrier is a substance to keep tissue apart post surgery and therefore prevent adhesions . It contains autocross linked hyaluronan . Highly viscous due to condensation. Hyaluronan is present in cartilage and skin hence there is a natural metabolic pathway for it. This gel is used to separate organs and tissue after surgery. Scientific documentation so far covers the gynaecology speciality. IE Laparoscopic surgery , hysteroscopy hysteroscopic surgery but also open surgery . According to data in a Cochrane collaboration review active action to prevent adhesions needs to be taken to a larger extent. The Cochrane report also states that the incidence of postsurgical adhesions is as high as 60 to 90 . ref cite journal author Ahmad G, Duffy JM, Farquhar C, et al. title Barrier agents for adhesion prevention after gynaecological surgery journal Cochrane Database Syst Rev volume issue 2 pages CD000475 year 2008 pmid 18425865 doi 10.1002 14651858.CD000475.pub2 url http www.cochrane.org reviews en ab000475.html ref In a recent review by C Sutton University of Surrey, Guilford UK , it is stated that Hyalobarrier is the only anti adhesive substance that has published data for intrauterine use. ref cite journal author Sutton C title Adhesions following surgery pathogenesis and current experience with adhesion barriers journal Surg Technol Int volume 18 issue pages 144 56 year 2009 pmid 19579202 ref Additional information Adhesions Hysteroscopy Laparoscopy Asherman s syndrome References cite journal author Mais V, Bracco GL, Litta P, Gargiulo T, Melis GB title Reduction of postoperative adhesions with an auto crosslinked hyaluronan gel in gynaecological laparoscopic surgery a blinded, controlled, randomized, multicentre study journal Hum. Reprod. volume 21 issue 5 pages 1248 54 year 2006 month May pmid 16439505 doi 10.1093 humrep dei488 url http humrep.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 21 5 1248 reflist Medicine date June 2009 Category Surgery Category Medicine ... more details
wiktionary has HAS may refer to Ha il Regional Airport , the IATA code for the airport in Saudi Arabia Hardened Aircraft Shelter s HAS PART , an abbreviation used by the People s Voice Party of Turkey Hastings Amtrak station , Nebraska Amtrak station code HAS Hawaii Audubon Society Hectare s Helium atom scattering Hellenic Actuarial Society H pital Albert Schweitzer Haiti Host Access Server , an IBM product for thin client technology to distribute traditional host access capability to remote users Howard Allan Stern Hubbard Association of Scientologists International Hungarian Academy of Sciences Hyaluronan synthase or HA synthase Has may refer to Has District , Albania Has, Kosovo Has, Serbia Wojciech Jerzy Has disambiguation de HAS fa HAS fr Has it HAS nl Has pt Has ru sk Has sr ... more details
PBB geneid 60484 Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 2 HAPLN2 also known as brain link protein 1 BRAL1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAPLN2 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 60484 accessdate ref HAPLN1 codes for a related link protein that is expressed in cartilage while Bral1 is expressed in brain . Function Bral1 Protein protein interaction interact s with versican and brevican in nodes of Ranvier . In mice with reduced Bralp1 expression the extracellular matrix at nodes of Ranvier is disrupted and action potential conduction is abnormal. ref Cite pmid 20181608 ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Spicer AP, Joo A, Bowling RA title A hyaluronan binding link protein gene family whose members are physically linked adjacent to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein genes the missing links. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 278 issue 23 pages 21083 91 year 2003 pmid 12663660 doi 10.1074 jbc.M213100200 cite journal author K hler AK, Djurovic S, Rimol LM, et al. title Candidate gene analysis of the human natural killer 1 carbohydrate pathway and perineuronal nets in schizophrenia B3GAT2 is associated with disease risk and cortical surface area. journal Biol. Psychiatry volume 69 issue 1 pages 90 6 year 2011 pmid 20950796 doi 10.1016 j.biopsych.2010.07.035 cite journal author Nomoto H, Oohashi T, Hirakawa S, et al. title Human BRAL1 and BCAN genes that belong to the link module superfamily are tandemly arranged on chromosome 1q21 23. journal Acta Med. Okayama volume 56 issue 1 pages 25 9 year 2002 pmid 11873941 doi cite journal author Martins de Souza D, Gattaz WF, Schmitt A, et al. title Alterations in oligodendrocyte proteins, calcium homeostasis and new potential markers in schizophrenia ... expression of the hyaluronan and proteoglycan link proteins in malignant gliomas. journal J. Biol. Chem ... more details
cite journal author Fries E, Kaczmarczyk A title Inter alpha inhibitor, hyaluronan and inflammation ... hyaluronan binding protein, forms a stable complex with the serum protein inter alpha inhibitor. journal ... CJ, Parkar AA, et al. title Solution structure of the link module a hyaluronan binding domain involved ..., Howat SL, et al. title TSG 6 interacts with hyaluronan and aggrecan in a pH dependent manner via ... module from human TSG 6 inhibits neutrophil migration in a hyaluronan and inter alpha inhibitor ... more details
Inter alpha trypsin inhibitors I I are plasma protein s consisting of three of four heavy chains selected from the group ITIH1 , ITIH2 , ITIH3 , ITIH4 and one light chain selected from the group Alpha 1 microglobulin bikunin precursor AMBP or SPINT2 . ref name pmid15151994 cite journal author Zhuo L, Hascall VC, Kimata K title Inter alpha trypsin inhibitor, a covalent protein glycosaminoglycan protein complex journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 279 issue 37 pages 38079 82 year 2004 month September pmid 15151994 doi 10.1074 jbc.R300039200 url issn ref They function as protease inhibitors. I I form complexes with hyaluronan HA , generating a u s u erum derived u h u yaluronan u a u ssociated u p u rotein SHAP HA complex. The SHAP HA complex is found in very high concentration in rheumatoid arthritic synovial fluid suggesting it has a role in the inflammatory response. ref name pmid15151994 References reflist External links MeshName Inter alpha inhibitor Category Protease inhibitors Category Human proteins Category Protein stubs Category Arthritis Category Immunology stubs protein stub ... more details
PBB geneid 3026 Hyaluronan binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HABP2 gene . ref name pmid8827452 cite journal author Choi Miura NH, Tobe T, Sumiya J, Nakano Y, Sano Y, Mazda T, Tomita M title Purification and characterization of a novel hyaluronan binding protein PHBP from human plasma it has three EGF, a kringle and a serine protease domain, similar to hepatocyte growth factor activator journal J Biochem volume 119 issue 6 pages 1157 65 year 1996 month Dec pmid 8827452 pmc doi ref ref name pmid12437095 cite journal author Romisch J title Factor VII activating protease FSAP a novel protease in hemostasis journal Biol Chem volume 383 issue 7 8 pages 1119 24 year 2002 month Nov pmid 12437095 pmc doi 10.1515 BC.2002.121 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HABP2 hyaluronan binding protein 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 3026 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The protein encoded by this gene is an extracellular serine protease which binds hyaluronic acid. It is involved in cell adhesion. The protein is synthesized as a single chain, but then undergoes an autoproteolytic event to form the functional heterodimer. Further autoproteolysis leads to smaller, inactive peptides. Two transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA sites exist for this gene. ref name ... of the plasma hyaluronan binding protein PHBP gene HABP2 journal J. Biochem. volume 122 ... Identification of the substrates for plasma hyaluronan binding protein journal Biol. Pharm. Bull ... protease activity of plasma hyaluronan binding protein journal Biol. Pharm. Bull. volume 24 issue ... Mark D last8 Tsao first8 Ming Sound cite journal author Etscheid M title The hyaluronan binding serine ... N, Dodt J title The hyaluronan binding protease upregulates ERK1 2 and PI3K Akt signalling pathways ... more details
of hyaluronan , a constituent of the interstitial barrier, hyaluronidase lowers the viscosity of hyaluronan, thereby increasing Biological tissue tissue permeability. It is, therefore, used in medicine ... cells escape from primary tumor masses. However, studies show that removal of hyaluronan from tumors ... 8254&date 2000&volume 30&issue 3&spage 203 ref produce hyaluronidase as a means of using hyaluronan ... reached the oocyte , by digesting hyaluronan in the corona radiata , thus enabling Conception biology ... of hyaluronan. When a capacitated sperm reaches the ovum, it is able to penetrate this layer ... more details
PBB geneid 1404 Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAPLN1 gene . ref name pmid2286376 cite journal author Osborne Lawrence SL, Sinclair AK, Hicks RC, Lacey SW, Eddy RL Jr, Byers MG, Shows TB, Duby AD title Complete amino acid sequence of human cartilage link protein CRTL1 deduced from cDNA clones and chromosomal assignment of the gene journal Genomics volume 8 issue 3 pages 562 7 year 1991 month Mar pmid 2286376 pmc doi 10.1016 0888 7543 90 90044 U ref ref name pmid2320422 cite journal author Dudhia J, Hardingham TE title The primary structure of human cartilage link protein journal Nucleic Acids Res volume 18 issue 5 pages 1292 year 1990 month May pmid 2320422 pmc 330454 doi 10.1093 nar 18.5.1292 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene HAPLN1 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 1404 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Interactions HAPLN1 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Versican . ref name pmid12888576 cite journal last Matsumoto first Kazu authorlink coauthors Shionyu Masafumi, Go Mitiko, Shimizu Katsuji, Shinomura Tamayuki, Kimata Koji, Watanabe Hideto year 2003 month Oct. title Distinct interaction of versican PG M with hyaluronan and link protein journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 278 issue 42 pages 41205 12 publisher location United States issn 0021 9258 pmid 12888576 doi 10.1074 jbc.M305060200 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal ... cite journal author Spicer AP, Joo A, Bowling RA title A hyaluronan binding link protein gene family ... interaction of versican PG M with hyaluronan and link protein. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 278 issue ... more details
Christopoulos TA, Papageorgakopoulou N, Theocharis DA, et al. title Hyaluronidase and CD44 hyaluronan ... journal author Nieuwdorp M, Holleman F, de Groot E, et al. title Perturbation of hyaluronan metabolism ... journal author Bharadwaj AG, Rector K, Simpson MA title Inducible hyaluronan production reveals differential ... more details
hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis journal Glycobiology volume 13 issue 5 pages 339 49 year ... of the recombinant human 190 kDa hyaluronan receptor for endocytosis HARE journal J. Biol. Chem ... more details
of myocardial infarction , exists in 3 isoforms. Hyaluronan synthase , the enzyme responsible for the production of hyaluronan, has three isoforms in mammalian cells. UDP glucuronosyltransferase ... more details
The initialism HLA can stand for Biochemistry Human leukocyte antigen , a key part of the human immune system, or the paternity test based upon it Hyaluronan Hyaluronic Acid , an important molecule that plays a role throughout the body s skin and connective tissues. Computing High Level Architecture simulation , a distributed computer simulation standard High Level Assembly , an Intel x86 assembly language 80x86 Assembly Language , originally written as a teaching aide by Randall Hyde . High level assembler , a generic term for assembly language translators that incorporate features found in modern high level programming languages into an assembler. Engineering Hydraulic Lash Adjuster , a device for maintaining zero valve clearance in an internal combustion engine. Hydraulic Launch Assist , a hybrid powertrain used on heavy duty vehicles. Misc Hapag Lloyd Airlines , a German charter airline Hidden Lake Academy , a boarding school HLA radio station , a South Korea n time signal station Hot Lesbian Action , a term used by Eric Bischoff during his tenure in WWE in 2002 People Harvey L. Atwater , a U.S. politician Henry Louis Aaron , a baseball player Politics House of Lords Act , a UK constitutional reform Human Life Amendment , a proposed constitutional prohibition of abortion in the United States Time HLA time service HLA , South Korea s Time signal disambig cs HLA de HLA fr HLA it HLA ja HLA pl HLA ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin GraySubject 17 GrayPage 82 Image Cervical vertebra english.png Caption Cervical vertebra with intervertebral disc. Nucleus pulposus labeled at center right, and is visible at center in light blue. Image2 Disc Herniation.JPG Caption2 Stages of Spinal Disc Herniation System Precursor notochord MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre p 41 DorlandsSuf 12679426 Nucleus pulposus is the jelly like substance in the middle of the spinal disc . It is the remnant of the notochord ref cite journal last McCann first Matthew coauthors Owen J. Tamplin, Janet Rossant and Cheryle A. S guin title Tracing notochord derived cells using a Noto cre mouse implications for intervertebral disc developmen journal Disease Models & Mechanisms date 25 year 2011 month 10 doi 10.1242 dmm.008128 url http dmm.biologists.org content early 2011 11 01 dmm.008128.long ref . It functions to distribute hydraulic pressure in all directions within each Annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis disc under compressive loads. The nucleus pulposus consists of chondrocyte like cells, collagen fibrils, and proteoglycan aggrecan s that aggregate through Hyaluronan hyaluronic chain s. Attached to each aggrecan molecule are the glycosaminoglycan GAG chains of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate . ref See Figure 1 in US patent application 2007 0003525. ref Aggrecan is negatively charged and hydrophilic. This property allows it to draw water into the Nucleus Pulposus. See also Annulus fibrosus disci intervertebralis Spinal disc herniation Additional images gallery Image Gray66.png Sagittal section through an intervertebral fibrocartilage and adjacent parts of two vertebr of an advanced sheep s embryo. gallery References ref http www.google.com patents?id csSXAAAAEBAJ&printsec abstract&zoom 4&dq 2007 0003525 PPA2,M1 Link to referenced patent application. ref references External links http www.spinesource.com images Anatomy3.jpg Image at spinesource.com http www.campoly.com documents pres ... more details
Ground substance is a term for the non cellular components of extracellular matrix which contain the fibers. ref DorlandsDict eight 000109061 connective tissue ref It is usually not visible on slides, because it is removed during the preparation process. ref name urlConnective Tissue cite web url http www.courseweb.uottawa.ca medicine histology English SS BasicTissues Connective Tissue.htm title Connective Tissue format work accessdate 2008 11 27 ref Cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix in tissues, which acts as a support for the cells. Ground substance traditionally does not include collagen but does include all the other proteinaceous components, including proteoglycans , matrix proteins and, most prevalent, water. The non collagenous components of extracellular matrix will vary depending on the tissue in which it is found. Ground substance is amorphous, gel like, and is primarily composed of glycosaminoglycans most notably hyaluronan , proteoglycans , and glycoproteins . It is a connective tissue and along with Collagen Type 1 can be mineralized which is the form found in bone. The meaning of the term has evolved over time. ref name pmid12756276 cite journal author Wheatley DN title Diffusion, perfusion and the exclusion principles in the structural and functional organization of the living cell reappraisal of the properties of the ground substance journal J. Exp. Biol. volume 206 issue Pt 12 pages 1955 61 year 2003 month June pmid 12756276 doi 10.1242 jeb.00238 url http jeb.biologists.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 12756276 ref References reflist External links eMedicineDictionary Ground substance http www.mhhe.com biosci ap histology mh ctprop.html Diagram at mhhe.com KansasHistology ct ct15 Umbilical Cord biology stub Connective tissue Category biochemistry Category Histology ca Subst ncia fonamental amorfa del teixit conjuntiu pt Subst ncia fundamental fr Substance fondamentale ... more details
Drugbox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 407779538 IUPAC name Hyaluronan Sodium Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com MTM sodium hyaluronate Identifiers CAS number Ref cascite correct ?? CAS number 9067 32 7 Chemical data Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronan . The name hyaluronic acid is derived from the Greek language Greek word hyalos meaning vitreous, and uronic acid as it was first isolated from the vitreous humour in the eye and possesses a high uronic acid content. The term hyaluronate also refers to the conjugate base of hyaluronic acid. Because the molecule typically exists in vivo in its polyanionic form, it is most commonly referred to as hyaluronan. It is a Viscoelasticity visco elastic polymer normally found in the Aqueous humour aqueous and vitreous humour. Sodium hyaluronate is a viscous solution consisting of a high molecular weight 500,000 730,000 Atomic mass unit daltons fraction of purified natural sodium hyaluronate in buffered physiological sodium chloride. Hyaluronic acid is a natural complex sugar of the glycosaminoglycan family and is a long chain polymer containing repeating disaccharide units of Na glucuronate N acetylglucosamine. Sodium hyaluronate occurs naturally on the corneal endothelium , bound to specific receptors for which it has a high Affinity pharmacology affinity . Chemically, sodium hyaluronate referred to as Sodium 2S,3S,4R,5R,6R 3 2S,3R,4R,5S,6R 3 acetamido 4 2R,3R,4S,5S,6S 6 carboxy 3,4,5 trihydroxyoxan 2 yl oxy 5 hydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 2 yl oxy 6 2R,3R,4R,5S,6R 3 acetamido 2,5 dihydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 4 yl oxy 4,5 dihydroxyoxane 2 carboxylic acid . It is produced by biological culture of genetic transformed bacteria. ref Yardel Libitec brochure 2011, page 4 ref Verify credibility date July 2011 Medical uses Sodium hyaluronate is used as a viscosupplement, administered through a series ... canal of Schlemm . History Sodium hyaluronate hyaluronan started to be in use to treat osteoarthritis ... more details
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