Chart Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups Category Genetic ...genetic genealogy In human genetics , a HumanYchromosomeDNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in the non genetic recombination recombining portions of DNA from the Ychromosome called YDNA . The Ychromosome consortium has established a system of defining YDNA haplogroup s by letters ... 3,000 years ago Britain See also Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations YDNAhaplogroups by groups in Europe YDNAhaplogroups by European populations List of YDNA single nucleotide polymorphisms List of Y STR markers Human mitochondrial DNAhaplogroups haplogroup Molecular phylogeny Genetic genealogy Genealogical DNA test Conversion table for YchromosomehaplogroupsYDNA References Reflist ... 12 2 339 F1 A Nomenclature system for the Tree of HumanY Chromosomal Haplogroups , Genome.org small External links Commons category HumanYDNAhaplogroups http www.isogg.org tree ISOGG YDNA Haplogroup ... of this common ancestor have varied significantly in different studies. Major YDNAhaplogroups Major Ychromosomehaplogroups include Tree view Clade label1 Y chromosomal Adam Y DNA Adam 1 Clade 1 Haplogroup A YDNA Haplogroup A label2 Haplogroup BT YDNA BT 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup B YDNA Haplogroup B label2 Haplogroup CT YDNA CT 2 Clade label1 Haplogroup DE YDNA DE 1 Clade 1 Haplogroup D YDNA Haplogroup D 2 Haplogroup E YDNA Haplogroup E label2 Haplogroup CF YDNA CF 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup C YDNA Haplogroup C 2 Haplogroup F YDNA Haplogroup F label2 Haplogroup F YDNA Haplogroup F 2 Clade 1 Haplogroup F YDNAHaplogroups F1 F4 4 Haplogroup H YDNA Haplogroup H 2 Haplogroup ... MNOPS 3 Clade 1 Haplogroup K YDNAHaplogroups K1 K4 2 Haplogroup M YDNA Haplogroup M label3 ... R YDNA Haplogroup R 5 Haplogroup S YDNA Haplogroup S Groups A and B Haplogroups A is the African ... YDNA The defining mutations separating CT all haplogroups excepting A and B are M168 and M294. These mutations ... more details
File Haplogroups europe.png thumb 300px Yhaplogroups in Europe genetic genealogy The following articles are lists of humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups found in populations and various ethnic groups by regions or continents around the world based on relevant studies, and the samples have been taken from individuals identified by linguistic designation. General YDNAhaplogroups by ethnic groups Europe YDNAhaplogroups in European populations Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus South Asia YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations Far East YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia Central Asia and Siberia YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations Oceania YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations Americas YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas Famous haplotypes List of haplogroups of historical and famous figures See Also Recent African origin of modern humans Archaeogenetics of the Near East Genetics and archaeogenetics of South Asia Genetic history of Europe Genetic history of Italy Genetic history of North Africa Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas Genetic history of the Iberian Peninsula Genetic history of the British Isles YDNA External links Commons category HumanYDNAhaplogroups http www.isogg.org tree ISOGG YDNA Haplogroup Tree http www.scs.uiuc.edu mcdonald WorldHaplogroupsMaps.pdf Map of YHaplogroups http www.eupedia.com europe european ydna haplogroups.shtml Distribution of European YchromosomeDNAYDNAhaplogroups by region in percentage Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups ... more details
Table For YChromosomeHaplogroups Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups ...Out of date article date October 2010 Ychromosome haplogroup s are a frequent topic of discussion in human population genetics and genetic genealogy . Men in the same YDNA haplogroup share a set of differences, or markers, on their Ychromosome, which distinguish them from men in other haplogroups. Often these Unique event polymorphism UEP s, or markers used to define haplogroups, are Single nucleotide polymorphism SNP mutation s. YChromosomeHaplogroups all form family tree s or phylogeny phylogenies , with both branches or sub clade s diverging from a common haplogroup ancestor, and also with all haplogroups themselves linked into one family tree which traces back ultimately to the most recent shared male line ancestor of all men alive today, the so called YChromosome Adam . In 2002, the Ychromosome consortium published a widely used proposal to standardize the naming of all Ychromosomehaplogroups. ref Citation doi 10.1101 gr.217602 author YChromosome Consortium YCC year 2002 title A Nomenclature System for the Tree of HumanY Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups periodical Genome Research volume 12 pages 339 348 url http www.genome.org cgi content abstract 12 2 339 issue 2 pmid 11827954 pmc 155271 ref The below table is mainly based upon this work, but with updates from a later 2007 publication by the same team, as well as the widely cited webpage of the International Society of Genetic Genealogy ISOGG , which keeps an updated summary. ref Citation last Karafet et al. first1 TM last2 Mendez first2 FL last3 Meilerman first3 MB last4 Underhill first4 PA last5 Zegura first5 SL last6 Hammer first6 MF title New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the humanY chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Research volume 18 issue 5 pages 830 8 year 2008 url http www.genome.org cgi content abstract gr.7172008v1 doi 10.1101 gr.7172008 month May pmid 18385274 ... more details
main Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Listed here are notable ethnic groups and native populations from the Oceania Pacific Islands and Australia continent Australia by humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups ... also YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas Oceania Languages of Oceania Demographics of Oceania List of Oceanian countries by population References reflist Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups Oceania ... Genetic Admixture History of Eastern Indonesia as Revealed by YChromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis ... K. title Maori origins, Ychromosome haplotypes and implications for human history in the Pacific ... Population Language n Haplogroup C YDNA C2 Haplogroup C YDNA C Haplogroup K YDNA K Haplogroup M YDNA M Haplogroup O YDNA O Haplogroup S YDNA S Others Reference Australian Aborigines Australians ... ref name Kayser2002 cite journal last1 Kayser first1 M title Reduced YChromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea journal The American Journal of Human ... by Ychromosome and mtDNA analysis journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... M title Balinese Ychromosome perspective on the peopling of Indonesia genetic contributions from pre neolithic hunter gatherers, Austronesian farmers, and Indian traders journal Human biology an international ... Murray P. last2 Miraz n Lahr first2 Marta title Ychromosome diversity is inversely associated ... mtDNA and YChromosome Gradients Across the Pacific journal Molecular Biology and Evolution volume 23 ... more details
Listed here are notable groups and populations from South Asia by humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups ... South Asian ethnic groups YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas References reflist Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups South Asia ... Tricontinental Nexus for YChromosome Driven Migration journal Human Heredity volume 61 issue 3 pages ... style text align center font size 100 Population Language n Haplogroup C YDNA C Haplogroup F YDNA F Haplogroup G YDNA G Haplogroup H YDNA H Haplogroup J YDNA J Haplogroup L YDNA L Haplogroup O YDNA O haplogroup P YDNA P Haplogroup Q YDNA Q haplogroup R1a YDNA R1a Haplogroup R1b YDNA R1b Haplogroup R2 YDNA R2 Haplogroup T YDNA T Reference Burusho people Burusho Pakistan Isolate ... Resolution YChromosome Distributions in India Identify Both Indigenous and Exogenous Expansions and Reveal Minor Genetic Influence of Central Asian Pastoralists journal The American Journal of Human ... Reddy first9 Battini M title Ychromosome evidence suggests a common paternal heritage of Austro Asiatic ... Arthawiguna first7 WA last8 Mayer first8 L last9 Bamshad first9 M title Balinese Ychromosome perspective ... first9 Silvana A title Mitochondrial and Ychromosome diversity of the Tharus Nepal a reservoir ... Qasim title Y chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan journal European Journal of Human Genetics volume 15 issue 1 pages 121 6 year 2006 pmid 17047675 ... first9 Richa last9 Ashma year 2008 chapter High Resolution Phylogeographic Map of Y Chromosomes ... more details
Listed here are notable groups and ethnic groups from Caucasus by humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups ... DNA and YChromosome Variation in the Caucasus , Annals of Human Genetics 2004 ref Svan people ... 2006 See also Caucasus Ethnic groups of the caucasus Languages of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas References Reflist 30em Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups Caucasus ... www.familytreedna.com pdf caucasus.pdf Mitochondrial DNA and YChromosome Variation in the Caucasus ... Zhukova first8 O last9 Sarraf Zadegan first9 N title Mitochondrial DNA and Ychromosome variation in the caucasus ... pdf caucasus.pdf Mitochondrial DNA and YChromosome Variation in the Caucasus ref Akki Chechens ... size 100 Population Language n Haplogroup E1b1b YDNA E1b1b Haplogroup G YDNA G Haplogroup I YDNA big I big Haplogroup J1 YDNA J1 Haplogroup J2 YDNA J2 haplogroup L YDNA L Haplogroup R1a YDNA R1a Haplogroup R1b YDNA R1b Haplogroup R2a YDNA R2a haplogroup T YDNA T Others Reference ... Abkhaz NWC Abkhaz Ubykh 58 1.7 Haplogroup G2a1 YDNA P18 12.1 br Haplogroup G2a3b1 YDNA P303 20.7 ... NWC Adygei 100 1.0 Haplogroup G2a3b1 YDNA P303 86.0 br other 1.0 0 0 6.0 L 2.0 4.0 0 NT 0 Balanovsky ... Cherkess here. ref NWC Adygei 142 1.4 Haplogroup G2a1 YDNA P18 9.2 br Haplogroup G2a3b1 YDNA P303 ... pdf pq010244.pdf The Eurasian Heartland A continental perspective on Ychromosome diversity ref ... last7 Bradman first7 N last8 Thomas first8 MG title Armenian Ychromosome haplotypes reveal strong regional ... more details
main Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations NOTOC Listed here are notable Indigenous peoples of the Americas by humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas ethnic and Indigenous languages of the Americas linguistic designations in the first two columns, the fourth column gives the amount n of total Sample Size studied, and the other columns give the Percentage of the particular haplogroup . class wikitable sortable style text align center font size 100 Group Language Place n Haplogroup C3 YDNA C3 Haplogroup Q YDNA Q Haplogroup R1 YDNA R1 Others Reference Algonquian peoples Algonquian ref group nb Algonquian ethnic groups Ojibwe people Ojibwe , Cheyenne people Cheyenne Arapaho people Arapaho , Shawnee , Mi ... refend External links http www.scs.illinois.edu mcdonald WorldHaplogroupsMaps.pdf YHaplogroups of the World pdf School of Chemical Sciences, University of Illinois Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups Indigenous peoples ... of Ychromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Ychromosome STR databases ref Navajo people Navajo Na Dene languages Na Den Southwestern United States ... Catira et al 2003, http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pmc articles PMC1180678 YChromosome Evidence for Differing ... Haplogroup Q1a3a1 YDNA Haplogroup Q1a3 YDNA Paleo Indians Recent African origin of modern humans Settlement of the Americas Most recent common ancestor Mitochondrial Eve Y chromosomal Adam Notes references ... American Indian Mtdna, YChromosome Genetic Data, and the Peopling of North America url http books.google.com ... Haplotypes Point to a Single, Recent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas ref ... assets 022 10143.pdf Distribution of Y Chromosomes Among Native North Americans A Study ... more details
YchromosomeDNAhaplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified ... haplogroup. Ethnic groups from North Caucasus are considered in its YDNAhaplogroups by populations ... p1023 1034.pdf Origin, Diffusion, and Differentiation of YChromosomeHaplogroups E and J Inferences ..., N. K. Yankovsky, and V. P. Puzyrev, Frequencies of YChromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarussians ... Ychromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic, Annals of Human Genetics 72 ... doi 10.1002 ajpa.21235 suppinfo HumanYchromosome short tandem repeats A tale of acculturation ... in the European Ychromosome Diversity Landscape. available by subscription European Journal of Human ... A YChromosome Perspective. pdf Annals of Human Genetics. Chandrasekar A, Saheb, S Y, Gangopadyaya ... 6. Charoni J, Underhill P, Cavalli Sforza L L, 2009 . YChromosome Diversity, Human Expansion, Drift ... Sforza L L, Underhill P A, 2004 . Excavating Ychromosome Haplotype Strata in Anatolia. pdf Human ... Is Supported by High Resolution Analysis of HumanYChromosome Haplotypes. American Journal of Human ..., Colomb E B, Dugoujon J M, Moral P, Scozzari R 2010a . HumanYChromosome Haplogroup R V88 A Paternal ... within Ychromosome E3b E M215 Haplogroup A Rebuttal. abstract American Journal of Human Biolology ... Ychromosome Evidence. pdf Journal of Human Genetics, 49 339 348. Derenko M, Malyarchuk B, Denisova ... A S, Soodyall H, Zegura S L, 2001 . Hierarchical Patterns of Global HumanYChromosome Diversity ... D, Zhang G, Karafet T, Walsh B, Redd A J, 2005 . Population Structure of YChromosome SNP Haplogroups .... Jobling M A, Tyler Smith C, 2003 . The HumanYChromosome An Evolutionary Marker Comes of Age. Nature ... N, and Stoneking M, 2005 . MtDNA and Ychromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups. abstract Annals of Human ... of Language Replacement in the Caucasus Evidence from the Ychromosome. Human Genetics 112 3 255 61 ... route of the Ychromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. European Journal of Human ... more details
Listed here are notable ethnic groups by YDNAhaplogroups based on relevant studies. The data is presented ... first5 PA title Ethiopians and Khoisan Share the Deepest Clades of the HumanYChromosome Phylogeny ... of Ychromosome variation in Ashkenazi Jewish and host non Jewish European populations, Human Genetics .... Puzyrev, Frequencies of YChromosome Binary Haplogroups in Belarussians, Russian Journal of Genetics ... Ychromosome Anatolian Influences on the Greek and Cretan Neolithic, Annals of Human Genetics ... of Human Genetics 2005 13, 867 876. cf. Appendix A YChromosome Haplotype Frequencies. ref 24 nts 4.2 ... eupedia http www.eupedia.com europe european ydna haplogroups.shtml Distribution of European Ychromosome ... R1b YDNA R1b ref name ReferenceB Second column gives the Percentage of the particular haplogroup among the Sample Size ref n Haplogroup R1a YDNA R1a n Haplogroup I YDNA I n Haplogroup E1b1b YDNA E1b1b n Haplogroup E1b1a YDNA E1b1a n Haplogroup J YDNA J n Haplogroup G G n Haplogroup N YDNA N n haplogroup T YDNA T n haplogroup L YDNA L Abazinians Caucasian Northwest 14 nts 0 ref name ... inferred from the data on Y chromosomal haplogroups journal Genetika volume 43 issue 5 pages 675 ... DNA Variation in North Africa journal American journal of human genetics volume 75 issue 2 pages 338 ... 17909833&cmd showdetailview Analysis of Y chromosomal SNP haplogroups in an Algerian population sample ... first3 Luca L year 2008 last4 Underhill first4 PA last5 Herrera first5 RJ title Ychromosome diversity ... JM last5 Cabrera first5 VM last6 Underhill first6 PA title Saudi Arabian YChromosome diversity ... Khudoyan, Oliver Burbage Hall, Neil Bradman, Mark G. Thomas, Armenian Ychromosome haplotypes reveal ... first6 A title The YChromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle ... ref name Lobov Lobov. Ychromosome analysis in subpopulations of Bashkirs from Russia ref 43 nts ... Levites YChromosome Evidence for Both Near Eastern and European Ancestries url journal American ... more details
Listed here are notable ethnic groups from Central Asia and Siberia by humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals identified with the ethnic and linguistic designations in the first two columns, the third column gives the amount of total Sample ... Asia Indigenous peoples of Siberia YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas References Reflist Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups Central Asia ... sortable style text align center font size 100 Population Language n Haplogroup C YDNA C Haplogroup I YDNA I Haplogroup J YDNA J Haplogroup K YDNA K haplogroup N YDNA N Haplogroup O3 YDNA O3 Haplogroup P YDNA P Haplogroup Q YDNA Q haplogroup R1a YDNA R1a small Haplogroup R1b YDNA R1b Haplogroup R1 YDNA R1 small Haplogroup R2 YDNA R2 Others Reference Altaians Turkic languages ... the Story of Genetic Outliers Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosomes ref Altaians Turkic ... Derenko et al 2005, http www.zgms.cm.umk.pl prace 591 604.pdf Contrasting patterns of Ychromosome ... between Northern and Southern Altaians inferred from the data on Y chromosomal haplogroups journal ... on Ychromosome diversity ref Evens Tungusic languages Tungusic 31 74.2 3.2 12.9 0 6.5 0 Tambets ... al 2011, http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 21412412 YChromosome Variation in Altaian Kazakhs Reveals ... pubmed The Dual Origin and Siberian Affinities of Native American Y Chromosomes ref Dolgans Turkic languages ... genetics.105.054270v1 Male demography in East Asia a north south contrast in human population ... more details
YchromosomeDNAhaplogroups based on relevant studies. class wikitable sortable style text align center font size 100 Population Language n Haplogroup C YDNA C Haplogroup D YDNA D Haplogroup K YDNA K Haplogroup N YDNA N Haplogroup O1 YDNA O1 Haplogroup O2 YDNA O2 Haplogroup O3 YDNA O3 Haplogroup Q YDNA Q Others Reference Ngac ang Achang Lianghe County Lianghe , Yunnan Tibeto Burman ... YChromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea ref South ... Asia References Reflist Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations DEFAULTSORT YDnaHaplogroups By Populations Of East And Southeast Asia Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups East and Southeast Asia ... by YChromosome and Mitochondrial DNA Analysis ref Japan Japonic languages Japonic 118 5.1 46.6 P ... Source s of New World YChromosome Founder Haplotypes, American Journal of Human Genetics 64 817 ... 2004 ref name Katoh2004 See also YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas Far East East Asian languages ... inferred from combined DNA analyses of maternal and paternal lineages journal Journal of Human Genetics ... 2005, http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 16114819 Balinese Ychromosome perspective on the peopling ... Y chromosomal Binary Haplogroups in the Japanese Population and their Relationship to 16 Y STR Polymorphisms ... content 1ud9rcp0vk7paxu8 fulltext.pdf YChromosome multiplexes and their potential ... of Association between Y Chromosomal Haplogroups and Prostate Cancer in the Korean Population ref ... content 2 1 10 High frequencies of Ychromosome haplogroup O2b SRY465 lineages in Korea ... more details
Listed here are the humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups found in various Ethnic groups in Africa ethnic ... groups in Africa African people Languages of Africa YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Near East and North Africa YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas Notes references group nb References reflist Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNA ... pdf 2041 2223 1 6.pdf Development of a single base extension method to resolve Ychromosomehaplogroups ... Is Supported by High Resolution Analysis of HumanYChromosome Haplotypes ref Burkina Faso ref group ... et al 2004, http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 15503146?dopt Abstract&holding npg Ychromosomehaplogroups ... Cruciani 2010 Cruciani et al. 2010, http vizachero.com R1b1 V88.pdf HumanYchromosome haplogroup R ... center font size 100 Population Language group n Haplogroup A YDNA A Haplogroup B YDNA B Haplogroup E1a YDNA E1a Haplogroup E1b1a YDNA E1b1a Haplogroup E1b1b YDNA E1b1b Haplogroup E2 YDNA E2 Haplogroup J YDNA J Haplogroup R1 YDNA R1 Haplogroup T YDNA T Reference Afroasiatic languages Afro ... Contrasting patterns of Ychromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa evidence for sex biased demographic ... 2008 ref name Hassan 2008 Hassan, Hisham Y. et al. 2008 http ychrom.invint.net upload iblock 94d Hassan 202008 20Y Chromosome 20Variation 20Among 20Sudanese.pdf YChromosome Variation Among Sudanese ... of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and YChromosome Genetic Variation ref Hausa people Hausa Sudan Chadic ... Wood 2005 Madagascar Malagasy Malayo Polynesian 35 0 8.6 0 34.3 0 8.6 5.7 0 Haplogroup O YDNA O 34.3 ... High frequencies of Ychromosome lineages characterized by E3b1, DYS19 11, DYS392 12 in Somali males ... more details
by humanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups based on relevant studies. The samples are taken from individuals ... origins of the Turkish people Y chromosomal Aaron YDNAhaplogroups by groups YDNAhaplogroups in European populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of Sub Saharan Africa YDNAhaplogroups by populations of the Caucasus YDNAhaplogroups in South Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Central and North Asian populations YDNAhaplogroups by populations of East and Southeast Asia YDNAhaplogroups in Oceanian populations YDNAhaplogroups in Indigenous peoples of the Americas References reflist 30em Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations Category HumanYDNAhaplogroups Near East and North ... DNA and Ychromosome variation in the caucasus journal Annals of human genetics volume 68 issue ... J title Ychromosome diversity characterizes the Gulf of Oman journal European Journal of Human Genetics ... Underhill first5 P last6 Bertranpetit first6 J title High Resolution Analysis of HumanYChromosome ... of European YchromosomeDNA ref Lebanon 916 0.7 16.2 6.5 4.8 46.0 5.2 0 2.5 8.1 4.7 AbuAmero2009 ... Excavating Ychromosome haplotype strata in Anatolia journal Human Genetics volume 114 issue 2 ... center font size 100 Population Language n Haplogroup E1b1a YDNA E1b1a Haplogroup E1b1b YDNA E1b1b Haplogroup G YDNA G Haplogroup I YDNA big I big Haplogroup J YDNA J haplogroup L YDNA L Haplogroup N YDNA N Haplogroup R1a YDNA R1a Haplogroup R1b YDNA R1b haplogroup T YDNA T Reference ... Tylersmith first9 C title A Predominantly Neolithic Origin for Y Chromosomal DNA Variation in North ... first4 P last5 Faerman first5 M last6 Oppenheim first6 A title The YChromosome Pool of Jews as Part ... first8 C last9 Shen first9 P title Origin, diffusion, and differentiation of Ychromosome ... Vicente M last6 Underhill first6 Peter A title Saudi Arabian YChromosome diversity and its relationship ... first9 A title The Genetic Legacy of Paleolithic Homo sapiens sapiens in Extant Europeans A YChromosome ... more details
Image Chromosome Y.svg 125px right thumb HumanY chromatid The Ychromosome is one of the two Sex determination system sex determining chromosome s in most mammal s, including human s. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY , which triggers testicle testis development if present. The humanYchromosome is composed of about 60 million base pairs . DNA in the Ychromosome is passed from father to son, and Y ... Ychromosome is unable to recombine. Shrinking The humanYchromosome has lost 1,393 of its 1,438 ... that the humanYchromosome has not lost any genes since the divergence of humans and chimpanzees between ... slow down the process of degradation. They found that humanYchromosome is able to recombine with itself ... 2 pages 134 144 doi 10.1007 s00239 008 9189 y pmid 19142680 ref HumanYchromosome In humans, the Y ... 2 of the total DNA in a male cell biology cell . ref http ghr.nlm.nih.gov chromosomeY National Library of Medicine s Genetic Home Reference ref The humanYchromosome contains 86 ref name Chromosome ... that are inherited via the Ychromosome are called holandric traits. The humanYchromosome is unable ..., and butterflies have ZW sex chromosomes, and males have ZZ sex chromosomes. See also HumanYchromosomeDNAhaplogroups List of Y STR markers Genetic genealogy Genealogical DNA test Single nucleotide ... system X chromosomeY chromosomal Adam Y chromosomal Aaron Ychromosomehaplogroups by populations ... Nature focus on the Ychromosome http www.genome.gov 11007628 National Human Genome Research ... Public YDNA database http ycc.biosci.arizona.edu Ychromosome Consortium YCC http www.npr.org blogs ... chromosomes in each cell. Males have one Ychromosome and one X chromosome , while females have two X chromosomes. In mammals, the Ychromosome contains a gene, SRY , which triggers embryonic development ... phenomena see Androgen insensitivity syndrome and Intersex . Origins and evolution Before Ychromosome ... cite journal author Lahn B, Page D title Four evolutionary strata on the human X chromosome journal ... more details
The YChromosome Consortium YCC is a collection of scientists who work toward the understanding of YchromosomeHumanYchromosomehumanY chromosomal phylogenetics and evolution. The consortium has the following objectives web resources that communicate information relating to the non recombinant region of the Ychromosome including new variants and changes in the nomenclature . ref name urlThe YChromosome Consortium cite web url http ycc.biosci.arizona.edu title The YChromosome Consortium format work accessdate ref The consortium sponsors literature regarding updates in the phylogenetics and wikt nomenclature nomenclature . ref name pmid18385274 cite journal author Karafet TM, Mendez FL, Meilerman MB, Underhill PA, Zegura SL, Hammer MF title New binary polymorphisms reshape and increase resolution of the humanY chromosomal haplogroup tree journal Genome Res. volume 18 issue 5 pages 830 8 year 2008 month May pmid 18385274 pmc 2336805 doi 10.1101 gr.7172008 url ref ref name pmid11827954 cite journal author title A nomenclature system for the tree of humanY chromosomal binary haplogroups journal Genome Res. volume 12 issue 2 pages 339 48 year 2002 month February pmid 11827954 pmc 155271 doi 10.1101 gr.217602 url last1 YChromosome first1 Consortium ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT YChromosome Consortium Category Scientific organizations ... more details
Y, Toyoda A, Wain HM, Young SK, Zeng Q, Zimmer AR, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Birren BW, Sakaki Y, Lander ES title DNA sequence and analysis of humanchromosome 18 journal Nature year 2005 pages 551 ...image Chromosome 18.svg 125px right Chromosome 18 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 18 spans about 85 million base pair s the building material of DNA and represents about 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cell biology cells . Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 18 likely contains between 300 and 400 genes. Genes The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 18 FECH ferrochelatase protoporphyria NPC1 Niemann Pick disease, type C1 SMAD4 SMAD, mothers against DPP homolog 4 Drosophila yes, SMAD really does contain mothers against KC6 Keratoconus gene 6, discovery reported in 2005 Diseases & disorders The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 18 erythropoietic protoporphyria hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Niemann Pick disease Type C porphyria Selective Mutism Edwards syndrome Edwards syndrome Trisomy 18 Tetrasomy 18p Monosomy 18p Pitt Hopkins Syndrome Pitt Hopkins Syndrome 18q21 References cite journal author Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Borowsky ML, Kamal M, Kodira CD, Taylor TD, Whittaker ... Y, Sklar P, MacKinnon DF, Potash JB, McMahon FJ, Antonarakis SE, DePaulo JR Jr, Ross CA, McInnis MG title Trapping and sequence analysis of 1138 putative exons from humanchromosome 18 journal Mol Psychiatry ... author Gilbert F title Disease genes and chromosomes disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome ... CH, Itoh T, Jaffe DB, Kuroki Y, Lehoczky J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Mauceli E, Mikkelsen TS, Naylor JW ... es Cromosoma 18 humano fr Chromosome 18 humain it Cromosoma 18 umano hu Hum n 18 as kromosz ma nl ... more details
A human artificial chromosome HAC is a microchromosome that can act as a new chromosome in a population of human cells. That is, instead of 46 chromosomes, the cell could have 47 with the 47th being very small, roughly 6 10 base pair megabases in size, and able to carry new genes introduced by human researchers. Yeast artificial chromosome s and bacterial artificial chromosome s were created before human artificial chromosomes, which first appeared in 1997 in science 1997 . They are useful in expression studies as gene transfer Vector molecular biology vector s and are a tool for elucidating humanchromosome function. Grown in HT1080 cells, they are mitosis mitotically and cytogenetics cytogenetically stable for up to six months. History Harrington et. al . first described human artificial chromosomes ref cite pmid 9090378 ref They were first synthesized by combining portions of alpha satellite DNA with telomere telomeric DNA and genomic DNA into linear microchromosomes. Applications In 2011, a refined human artificial chromosome called 21HAC was reported. 21HAC is based on a stripped copy of humanchromosome 21, producing a chromosome 5 Mb in length ref cite pmid 21085194 ref . This platform was then used to create integration free pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic stem cells ref cite pmid 21998730 ref . See also bacterial artificial chromosome BAC yeast artificial chromosome YAC plasmid cosmid fosmid References references Category Molecular biology Nucleic acids genetics stub biotech stub ca Cromosoma artificial hum es Cromosoma artificial humano fr Chromosome artificiel humain gl Cromosoma artificial humano pl Ludzki sztuczny chromosom zh ... more details
on chromosome 11. More than 40 of the 856 olfactory receptor genes in the human genome are located in 28 single and multi gene clusters along this chromosome. Genes The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 11 ACAT1 acetyl Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 acetoacetyl Coenzyme A thiolase ...image Chromosome 11.svg thumb 150px right Chromosome 11 Chart Chromosome 11000 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 11 spans about 134.5 million base pair s the building material of DNA and represents between 4 and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cell biology cells . It is one of the most gene and disease rich chromosomes in the human genome . Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 11 likely contains between 1,300 and 1,700 genes. A recent study ref cite journal author Taylor TD, Noguchi H, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Kuroki Y, Dewar K, Lloyd C, Itoh T, Takeda T, Kim DW, She X, Barlow KF, Bloom T, Bruford E, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Eichler E, FitzGerald MG, Jaffe DB, LaButti K, Nicol R, Park HS, Seaman C, Sougnez C, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Zody MC, Birren BW, Nusbaum C, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Rogers J, Lander ES, Sakaki Y title Humanchromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification journal Nature year 2006 pages 497 500 ... code The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 11 autism autism neurexin ... Romano Ward syndrome Sickle cell anemia ref http www.ornl.gov sci techresources Human Genome posters chromosome hbb.shtml ref Smith Lemli Opitz syndrome tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency Usher syndrome ... and chromosomes disease maps of the human genome journal Genet Test year 2000 pages 409 26 volume ... stub ca Cromosoma 11 de Chromosom 11 Mensch es Cromosoma 11 humano fr Chromosome 11 humain it Cromosoma ... more details
of mutation is not different for Ychromosome microdeletion. However, the ability to repair it differs from other chromosomes. The humanYchromosome is passed directly from father to son, and is not protected ... mutation, namely complete DNA sequencing of a patient s Ychromosome, is still far too expensive ...Ychromosome microdeletion YCM is a family of genetic disorder s caused by missing gene s in the Ychromosome ... edrv.endojournals.org cgi content full 22 2 226 Ychromosome microdeletions and alterations of spermatogenesis ... repair mechanism for the Ychromosome. Diagnosis Ychromosome microdeletion is currently diagnosed by extracting DNA from leukocytes in a man s blood sample, mixing it with some of the about 300 known genetic marker s for sequence tagged site s STS on the Ychromosome, and then using polymerase chain reaction amplification and gel electrophoresis in order to test whether the DNA sequence corresponding to the selected markers is present in the DNA. Such procedures can test only the integrity of a tiny part of the overall 23 million base pair long Ychromosome, therefore the sensitivity ... pmid16157049 cite journal author Song NH, Wu HF, Zhang W, et al. title Screening for Ychromosome ... testing techniques for the Ychromosome are developed. Much study has been focused upon the azoospermia ... Additional genes associated with spermatogenesis in men and reduced fertility upon Ychromosome deletions ... Acta Med Port year 1998 month April volume 11 issue 4 pages 365 72 title Ychromosome and male infertility ... NCBI NIH UW entry on YChromosome Infertility http cas.bellarmine.edu tietjen Ecology ychromosome as a battle ground .htm Bellarmine College The Ychromosome as a battle ground for sexual selection ... cgi content full 15 7 1431 journal Human Reproduction volume 15 issue 7 pages 1431 1434 month July year 2000 title Prognostic value of Y deletion analysis first Csilla last Krausz coauthors ... only discover certain types of deletions and mutations on a chromosome and give therefore no complete ... more details
F, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Yaspo ML title The DNA sequence of humanchromosome 21 journal Nature ...File Chr 21.jpeg right Chromosome 21 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. The trisomy of the 21st chromosome causes Down Syndrome . Chromosome 21 is the smallest humanchromosome, 47 million nucleotide s the building material of DNA and representing about 1.5 percent of the total DNA in cell biology cells . In 2000, researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced that they had determined the sequence of base pair s that make up this chromosome. Chromosome 21 was the second humanchromosome to be fully sequenced. Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. However, because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 21 likely contains between 300 and 400 genes Genes The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 21 Amyloid precursor protein APP amyloid beta A4 precursor protein peptidase ... of humanchromosome 21 and implications for research into Down syndrome journal Genome Biol year ... DYRK1A dual specificity tyrosine Y phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A RRP1B ribosomal RNA processing ... related to genes on chromosome 21 Alzheimer s disease Alzheimer s disease type 1 Amyotrophic lateral ... conditions are caused by changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 21 Cancer s Rearrangements Chromosomal translocation translocations of genetic material between chromosome 21 and other ... is caused by a rearrangement of chromosomal material between chromosome 21 and another chromosome. As a result, a person has the usual two copies of chromosome 21, plus extra material from chromosome 21 attached to another chromosome. These cases are called translocation Down syndrome. Researchers believe that extra copies of genes on chromosome 21 disrupt the course of normal development ... more details
EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK title The DNA sequence of humanchromosome 7 journal Nature year ... Humanchromosome 7 DNA sequence and biology journal Science year 2003 pages 767 72 volume 300 issue ...Image Chromosome 7.svg 125px right Chromosome 7 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 7 spans more than 158 million base pair s the building material of DNA and represents between 5 and 5.5 percent of the total DNA in cell biology cells . Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 7 is likely to contain between 1,000 and 1,400 genes. It also contains ... to genes on chromosome 7 argininosuccinic aciduria cerebral cavernous malformation Charcot Marie ... are caused by changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 7 Williams syndrome is caused by the deletion of genetic material from a portion of the long q arm of chromosome 7. The deleted ... syndrome is unknown. Other changes in the number or structure of chromosome 7 can cause delayed ... speech, and other medical problems. These changes include an extra copy of part of chromosome 7 in each cell partial trisomy 7 or a missing segment of the chromosome in each cell partial monosomy 7 . In some cases, several DNA building blocks nucleotides are deleted or duplicated in part of chromosome 7. A circular structure called ring chromosome 7 is also possible. A ring chromosome occurs when both ends of a broken chromosome are reunited. References div class references small cite journal author Gilbert F title Chromosome 7 journal Genet Test year 2002 pages 141 61 volume 6 issue 2 pmid ..., Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning ... chromosome 7 mosaicism case report, investigation of the gene content, and delineation of the phenotype ... more details
image Chromosome 16.svg 125px right Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million base pair s the building material of DNA and represents just under 3 of the total DNA in cell biology cells . Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 16 probably contains between 850 and 1,200 genes. In February 2010, a new cause of obesity due to a microdeletion on chromosome 16 was announced. It may explain about 1 of obesity cases. This research was carried out by Professor Froguel, a CNRS researcher, in Lille, and others at Imperial College in London and Vaudois University and was published in Nature on February 4, 2010. This defect was identified using DNA microarrays and it leads to the suppression of about thirty genes in one region of chromosome 16. Research showed that this microdeletion is relatively common in obese people but lacking in most non obese people. Diseases and Disorders Trisomy 16 Familial Mediterranean fever FMF Crohn s disease Thalassemia External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf br.fcgi?book gene&part del16p11 2 GeneReview NCBI NIH UW entry on 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome References cite journal author Gilbert F title Disease genes and chromosomes disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16 journal Genet Test year 1999 pages 243 54 volume 3 issue 2 pmid 10464676 cite journal author Martin J title The sequence and analysis of duplication rich humanchromosome 16 journal Nature year 2004 pages 988 94 volume 432 issue 7020 pmid 15616553 doi 10.1038 nature03187 author separator ... Uffe last9 Chan first9 Yee Man Chromosomes DEFAULTSORT Chromosome 16 Human Category Chromosomes genetics stub ca Cromosoma 16 de Chromosom 16 Mensch es Cromosoma 16 humano fr Chromosome 16 humain it Cromosoma ... more details
KP title The DNA sequence of humanchromosome 22 journal Nature year 1999 pages 489 95 volume 402 ...File NF2.PNG 91px right Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human cell biology cells . Humans normally have two copies of Chromosome 22 in each cell. Chromosome 22 is the second smallest humanchromosome, spanning about 49 million DNA base pair s and representing between 1.5 and 2 of the total DNA in cell biology cells . In 1999 , researchers working on the Human Genome Project announced they had determined the sequence of base pairs that make up this chromosome. Citation needed date February 2009 Chromosome 22 was the first humanchromosome to be fully sequenced. Citation needed date February 2009 Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 22 contains about 693 genes. Citation needed date February 2009 Chromosome 22 was originally identified as the smallest chromosome, but after extensive research, researchers concluded that it was indeed chromosome 21. The chromosomes weren t renamed because of the popularity of chromosome 21 being known as the chromosome that can lead to Down s Syndrome ... disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 22 journal Genet Test year 1998 pages 89 97 ..., Gerstein M, Weissman S, Snyder M title The transcriptional activity of humanChromosome 22 journal ... are some of the genes located on chromosome 22 class wikitable Locus Gene Description Condition ... Y box 10 Locus 22 q 13 .2 EP300 E1A binding protein p300 Locus 22 q 13 .3 WNT7B Wingless type MMTV ... on chromosome 22 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Breast cancer Desmoplastic small round cell tumor ... conditions are caused by changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 22 22q11.2 deletion ... copy of chromosome 22 in each cell. The deletion occurs near the middle of the chromosome at a location ... more details
Image Chromosome 20.svg 125px right Chromosome 20 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 20 spans around 63 million base pair s the building material of DNA and represents between 2 and 2.5 percent of the total DNA in cell biology cells . Chromosome 20 was fully sequenced in 2001 and contained 59,187,298 base pairs representing 99.4 of the euchromatic DNA. ref name Deloukas2001 cite journal author Deloukas P, et al. title The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of humanchromosome 20 journal Nature year 2001 pages 865 871 volume 414 issue 6866 pmid 11780052 doi 10.1038 414865a ref Identifying gene s on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Citation needed date April 2009 Chromosome 20 contains over 900 genes. New discoveries When date February 2011 have recently linked this chromosome to the increasing susceptibility to male pattern baldness. Citation needed date April 2009 Genes The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 20 Adenosylhomocysteinase AHCY S adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase ARFGEF2 ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 brefeldin A inhibited Bone morphogenetic protein 2 BMP2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 osteoblast differentiation DNAJC5 Cysteine string protein EDN3 endothelin 3 Glutathione synthetase GSS glutathione ...,loc&LINKS ON&VERBOSE ON&CHR 20 HumanChromosome 20 Map Viewer &mdash on NCBI Chromosomes DEFAULTSORT Chromosome 20 Human Category Chromosomes genetics stub bg 20 ca Cromosoma 20 de Chromosom 20 Mensch et 20. kromosoom es Cromosoma 20 humano fr Chromosome 20 humain it Cromosoma 20 ... of those related to genes on chromosome 20 ref name Gilbert1997 cite journal author Gilbert F title Disease genes and chromosomes disease maps of the human genome journal Genet Test year 1997 pages ... more details
Image Chromosome 5.svg 125px right Chromosome 5 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosome s in human s. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 5 spans about 181 million base pair s the building blocks of DNA and represents almost 6 of the total DNA in cell biology cells . Chromosome 5 is one of the largest human chromosomes, yet has one of the lowest gene densities. This is partially explained by numerous gene poor regions that display a remarkable degree of Noncoding DNA non coding ... and comparative analysis of humanchromosome 5 journal Nature year 2004 pages 268 74 volume 431 issue ... constrained. ref http genome.jgi psf.org chr5 chr5.home.html ref Identifying gene s on each chromosome ... the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 5 likely contains between 900 and 1,300 genes. Genes The following are some of the genes located on chromosome ... factor Diseases & disorders The following are some of the diseases related to genes located on chromosome ... of copies of chromosome 5 Cri du chat syndrome is caused by a deletion of the end of the short p arm of chromosome 5. This chromosomal change is written as 5p . The signs and symptoms of cri du ... of the short arm of chromosome 5 that are associated with particular features of cri du chat syndrome ... APC tumor suppressor gene on the long q arm of chromosome 5. This chromosomal change results in thousands .... Other changes in the number or structure of chromosome 5 can have a variety of effects, including ... problems. Changes to chromosome 5 include an extra segment of the short p or long q arm of the chromosome in each cell partial trisomy 5p or 5q , a missing segment of the long arm of the chromosome in each cell partial monosomy 5q , and a circular structure called ring chromosome 5. A ring chromosome occurs when both ends of a broken chromosome are reunited. References reflist cite journal author ... Y, Martinez D, Medina C, Morgan J, Nandkeshwar R, Noonan JP, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Priest ... more details
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