dablink This article concerns ontology in philosophy. For the concept in information science, see Ontology ... characterization of the fundamental nature of reality. Ontology from wiktionary onto onto ... listed as a part of the major branch of philosophy known as metaphysics , ontology deals with questions ..., related within a hierarchy , and subdivided according to similarities and differences. Overview Ontology ... a variety of Moderate realism other positions but any ontology must give an account of which words ... , ontology becomes fundamental to many branches of philosophy. Some fundamental questions Principal questions of ontology are What can be said to exist? , Into what categories, if any, can we sort ... categorical schemes that ontology relates to such fields as library and information science ... object concrete objects Essence and existence Determinism and indeterminism History of ontology ... of word formation. The first occurrence in English of ontology as recorded by the OED Oxford ... ontology as an Account of being in the Abstract though, of course, such an entry indicates the term ... in general, Metaphysicks or Ontology, Dynamilogy or a Discourse of Power, Religio Philosophi or Natural ... section date September 2009 only 1 source? does it relate to ontology? Schools of metaphysical ..., the locus of our way of being in a historical epoch is the communicative event of language in use ... Neske, Pfullingen 1959. ref Even the focus of traditional ontology on the whatness or quidditas ... Social Ontology Recasting Political Philosophy Through a Phenomenology of Whoness ontos, Frankfurt 2008 ... Ernst Cassirer multicol end See also col begin col break width 33 Applied ontology Foundation ontology Geopolitical ontology Holism Mereology Meta ontology Metamodeling col break width 33 Modal ... of space and time Physical ontology col break Quantum ontology Solipsism Speculative realism Structure and agency Taxonomy Upper ontology col end References reflist External links wiktionary Commons ... more details
ID codes for territories and groups. Moreover, the FAO geopolitical ontology tracks historical changes ...A geopolitical ontology is a mechanism to describe, manage and exchange data related to geopolitical entities such as countries, territories, regions and other similar areas. Definitions and examples An Ontology information science Ontology is a kind of dictionary that describes information in a certain domain using concepts and relationships. It is often implemented using Web Ontology Language OWL Web Ontology Language , an XML based standard language that can be interpreted by computers. A Concept is defined as abstract knowledge. For example, in the geopolitical ontology a United Nations list ... group are concepts. Concepts are explicitly implemented in the ontology with individuals and classes ... center Figure 1. An example of concepts and relationship in the geopolitical ontology. The advantage of describing information in an ontology is that it enables to acquire domain knowledge by defining ..., and assigning restrictions. FAO ontology The geopolitical ontology, developed by the FAO ... country area, land area, agricultural area, GDP or population . The FAO geopolitical ontology ... purl.org dc elements 1.1 description . In summary, the main objectives of the FAO geopolitical ontology ... To track historical changes in geopolitical information To improve information management and facilitate ... ontology to improve interoperability of corporate information systems It is possible to download the FAO geopolitical ontology in http aims.fao.org geopolitical.owl OWL and http www.fao.org .... Features of the FAO ontology The geopolitical ontology contains Area types ref When an area territory or group changed but kept the same name, the ontology differentiates the two areas by sub fixing ... ontology traces back historic changes only until 1985. Therefore if an area has a validSince 1985 ... ontology is implemented in Web Ontology Language OWL . It consists of classes, properties, individuals ... more details
The Disease Ontology is a formal ontology information science ontology of human disease . It was originally developed at Northwestern University and is associated with the Open Biomedical Ontologies Foundry . External links http do wiki.nubic.northwestern.edu index.php Main Page DO Wiki Category Ontology information science ... more details
his pursuit of ontology from the kinds that previous researches of essence had conducted under ... room for new development in phenomenology bringing ontology into phenomenology with a new force. For Heidegger ... concerned with consciousness , and they had to be thrown back into the historical, external ... fundamental ontology of Heidegger. For a variety of reasons, recently, the majority of philosophers ... to understand Fundamental Ontology. See also Foundation ontology Meta ontology Being and Time Dasein References references Philosophy topics continental philosophy Category Ontology Category 20th ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 The MOD Ontology is the name given to the upper ontology intended to support the UK Ministry of Defence s Enterprise Architecture Programme, specifically MODAF . The ontology project is at an early stage and is being led by DG Info ICAD . The current plan as of March 2008 is to investigate potential applications for ontology in the MOD. Wherever possible, MOD is seeking to re use existing ontology standards, an obvious candidate therefore is the ontology being developed by the IDEAS Group . Implementations GeoPolitical Ontology Demonstrator this uses the IDEAS naming pattern for de confliction of country codes, etc. , the whole part pattern for geopolitical structure and the overlaps pattern for borders . It can be downloaded from http www.modaf.com News 69 mod ontology demonstrator released Category Ontology ... more details
Guerrilla ontology is a practice inspired by guerrilla warfare , described by Robert Anton Wilson as an ontological method of dealing with people with extremely fixed worldview s. Citation needed date November 2009 In The Illuminati Papers , Wilson defines guerrilla ontology as The basic technique of all my books. Ontology is the study of being the guerrilla approach is to so mix the elements of each book that the reader must decide on each page How much of this is real and how much is a put on? The use of guerrilla ontology is to present through mainstream media conflicting worldviews to dissuade the populace from ascertaining underlying realities. Citation needed date June 2011 DEFAULTSORT Guerrilla Ontology Category Ontology Category Discordianism Philo stub ... more details
formal ontology in philosophy. In information science, a formal ontology is an ontology information science that is defined by axiom s in a formal language , typically an ontology language . Those formal ontologies may or may not be based on the kind of formal Upper ontology information science upper level ontology described here. In philosophy, the term formal ontology is used to refer to an ontology ... help the modeler of Problem domain domain or application specific ontology information science ontologies ... large scale ontologies. By maintaining an independent view on reality a formal upper level ontology gains the following properties indefinite expandability the ontology remains consistent with increasing ... and Aristotle . Existing formal upper level ontologies foundational ontologies main Upper ontology information science Basic Formal Ontology BFO Basic Formal Ontology Upper ontology computer science DOLCE and DnS DOLCE Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering General Formal Ontology GFO General Formal Ontology Object centered high level reference ontology OCHRE Object Centered High level REference ontology Suggested Upper Merged Ontology SUMO Suggested Upper Merged Ontology ... Upper ontology computer science DOLCE and DnS DOLCE . Others classify qualities as a subsection of endurants, e.g. the dependent endurants example Basic Formal Ontology BFO . Others consider property instances or tropes that are single characteristics of individuals to be the atoms of the ontology ... or bundles of tropes example Object centered high level reference ontology OCHRE . Formal versus nonformal In information science an ontology is formal if it is specified in a formal language , otherwise ..., which does not relate to the use of a formal language . Example An ontology might contain a concept representing mobility of the arm . In a nonformal ontology a concept like this can often be classified ... is a quality from entangling or knotting. In a formal ontology, there is an optimal way to properly ... more details
Plant ontology PO is a set of controlled vocabularies ontology ontologies , developed by the Plant Ontology Consortium . These ontologies describe plant structures and growth and developmental stages, providing a semantic framework for cross species queries across databases. Core members of the Plant Ontology Consortium Gramene The Arabidopsis Information Resource TAIR MaizeGDB University of Missouri at St. Louis Missouri Botanical Garden See also Generic Model Organism Database Open Biomedical Ontologies http obofoundry.org OBO Foundry External links http www.plantontology.org Plant Ontology Consortium http www.gramene.org Gramene http www.Arabidopsis.org TAIR http www.maizeGDB.org MaizeGDB http www.Arabidopsis.info NASC DEFAULTSORT Plant Ontology Category Botany botany stub ... more details
2010 no footnotes date June 2010 Ontology versioning Introduction cause of ontology change 1 change ... is not a static process, but is changed over time. Specially ontology is used for new tasks, then the modification of model is required changes in the specification what languages does ontology represent such as Resource Description Framework RDF , OR Web Ontology Language OWL ? It actually doesn t matter. consequences of the change 1 incompatibility with the data that confirms to the ontology i.e. some contents of web page s annotated with concepts from the ontology incompatibility with other ontologies i.e. ontologies built from the source ontology or ontologies importing the source ontology incompatibility with applications Current researches on the ontology versioning there are no overall ... approach for ontology versioning . class wikitable approach pros cons Purely syntactic versioning ... two ontology by comparing two images of graph using heuristics to find structural difference semi automatically basic idea is ok. But, for now, it is ok to describe manually change of ontology inside the ontology. Semantic Extensions of the Syntactic Versioning SemVersion in Protege? not only ... representation used pure RDF, RDF S, OWL, F logic, etc. Requirements for ontology versioning mechanism in FAO geopolitical ontology Both the new version and the previous version are accessible. There is explicit .... Only change of conceptualization structural difference is in the scope of ontology versioning ... of properties in each instances such as GDP values or country names is not considered as change on the ontology ... should be specified The explicit specification should be inside the ontology and is implemented in the same ... versioning, instead of creating new terms Design for ontology versioning Reuse of existing OWL terms .... This statement does not contribute to the logical meaning of the ontology other than that given ... ontology. This identifies the specified ontology as a prior version of the containing ontology ... more details
The Bibliographic Ontology BIBO is an ontology for the semantic Web to describe bibliographic things like books or magazines. ref cite web url http bibliontology.com specification title Bibliographic Ontology Specification author Bruce D Arcus, Fr d rick Giasson date 4 November 2009 accessdate 13 June 2010 ref It is written in Resource Description Framework RDF and can be used as a citation ontology, as a document classification ontology, or simply as a way to describe any kind of document in RDF. It has been inspired by many existing document description metadata formats, and can be used as a common ground for converting other bibliographic data sources. The http chroniclingamerica.loc.gov Chronicling America website at the Library of Congress uses BIBO to model newspaper pages and issues in the Linked Data views. ref cite web url http chroniclingamerica.loc.gov about api title About the Chronicling America API accessdate 13 June 2010 ref External links http bibliontology.com specification Bibliographic Ontology Specification http bibotools.googlecode.com svn bibo ontology trunk doc index.html Bibliographic Ontology Documentation References references Category Semantic Web ... more details
infobox biodatabase title SO logo File Database.png description Biological sequence ontology scope organism center WormBase , FlyBase , the Mouse Genome Informatics group, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Sanger Institute laboratory author pmid released standard format url http www.sequenceontology.org download webservice sql sparql webapp standalone license versioning frequency curation bookmark version The Sequence Ontology , or SO , is an ontology information science ontology suitable for describing sequence biology biological sequences . ref name pmid20226267 cite journal author Mungall CJ, Batchelor C, Eilbeck K title Evolution of the Sequence Ontology terms and relationships journal J Biomed Inform volume 44 issue 1 pages 87 93 year 2011 month February pmid 20226267 doi 10.1016 j.jbi.2010.03.002 ref References Reflist External links cite web url http www.sequenceontology.org title The Sequence Ontology author work publisher Sequence Ontology accessdate 2011 09 19 Category Bioinformatics Category Ontology information science Category Biological databases ... more details
In computer science and artificial intelligence , ontology languages are formal language s used to construct ontology information science ontologies . They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific Field of study domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually declarative language s, are almost always generalizations of frame language s, and are commonly based on either first order logic or on description logic . Classification Traditional ontology languages Common Logic and its dialects CycL DOGMA Developing Ontology Grounded Methods and Applications F Logic Frame Logic Knowledge Interchange Format KIF Knowledge Interchange Format Ontolingua based on KIF KL ONE KM programming language LOOM ontology OCML Operational Conceptual Modelling Language OKBC Open Knowledge Base Connectivity PLIB Parts LIBrary RACER system RACER By syntax Markup ontology languages These languages use a markup language markup scheme to encode knowledge, most commonly with XML . DAMLplusOIL DAML OIL Ontology Inference Layer OIL Web Ontology Language OWL Resource Description Framework RDF RDF Schema Simple HTML Ontology Extensions SHOE By structure Frame based FLogic F Logic , OKBC , and KM programming language KM are completely or partially frame data structure frame based languages. Description logic based Description logic provides an extension of frame language s, without going so far as to take the leap to first order logic and support for arbitrary predicates. Examples include KL ONE , RACER system RACER , and Web ontology language OWL . Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description ... A Roadmap to Ontology Specification Languages 2000 http www.inf.unibz.it franconi dl ..., Free University of Bolzano, Italy logic compu sci stub Category Ontology information science Category Knowledge representation languages Category Ontology languages uk zh ... more details
About the application of philosophical ontology the term in computer science ontology computer science Applied ontology involves the practical application of ontological resources to specific domains, such as biomedicine or geography . Much work in applied ontology is carried out within the framework of the semantic web . See foundation ontology and ontology computer science . Applying ontology to Interpersonal relationship relationship s The challenge of applying ontology is ontology s emphasis ... perspective is one of the driving forces behind relationship oriented applied ontology. ref ... ontology can also involve looking at the relationship between a person s world and that person ... ontology Applied philosophy Martin Heidegger John Searle Fernando Flores Bertrand Russell Citation ... ontologist with a focus on biomedicine Nicola Guarino , researcher in the formal ontology of information systems References Reflist External references http www.applied ontology.org Applied Ontology journal , abstracted in the ACM Guide to Computing Literature http www.formalontology.org Formal Ontology in Information Systems interdisciplinary conference on Applied Ontology http www.iaoa.org International Association for Ontology and its Applications , focusing on the applications of ontological ... http www.loa cnr.it Laboratory for Applied Ontology LOA ISTC CNR , researching the use of ontologies ... Web http ncor.us National Center for Ontological Research , covering applications in fields such as ontology of the sciences, spatial and cognitive ontology, terminological systems, enterprise ontology and in a variety of defense and homeland security related projects http www.ecor.uni saarland.de European Center for Ontological Research , applying ontology to a variety of problems in information science and related areas http www.ncgia.buffalo.edu i21 i21report.html Ontology applied to geography http bioontology.org Ontology applied to biomedicine Process Specification Language , ontology ... more details
Ontology merging defines the act of bringing together two conceptually divergent ontology computer science ontologies or the instance data associated to two ontologies. This is similar to work in database merging schema matching . This merging process can be performed in a number of ways, manually, semi automatically, or automatically. Manual ontology merging although ideal is extremely labour intensive and current research attempts to find semi or entirely automated techniques to merge ontologies. These techniques are statistically driven often taking into account similarity of concepts and raw similarity of instances through textual string metrics and semantic knowledge. These techniques are similar to those used in information integration employing string metrics from open source similarity libraries such as SimMetrics . See also ontology mapping data integration Category Ontology information science Category Data management ... more details
Refimprove date August 2007 Expert subject Philosophy date November 2008 In philosophy , a core ontology is a basic and minimal ontology consisting only of the minimal concepts required to understand the other concepts. It must be based on a core glossary in some human language so humans can comprehend the concepts and distinctions made. Each natural language tends to rely on its own conceptual metaphor structure, and so tends to have its own core ontology according to W. V. Quine . It could be said also to represent the moral core of a human linguistics linguistic culture , and to self correct so as to better represent core cultural ideas. Such a core ontology is a key pre requisite to a more complete foundation ontology , or a more general philosophical sense of ontology. Most applicable to education teaching , e.g. the Longmans defining dictionary of the simplest meanings of 2,000 English words is used to define the 4,000 most basic English idiom s this is a core glossary of the English language , which permits access to the core ontology the idioms . Core ontologies is a concept that is used in information science as well. For example the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model CIDOC CRM is referred to as a core ontology. References reflist http rdfs.org sioc spec SIOC Core Ontology Specification at rdfs.org http www.w3.org 2005 04 FSWS Submissions 25 paper html.html Semantic Management of Web Services using the Core Ontology of Services at w3.org Category Ontology Category Lexicography philo stub ... more details
Cognitive ontology is ontology study of being which begins from features of human cognition directly, as opposed to its collective summary which is reflected in language . The more radical forms of it challenge also the central position of mathematics as just another language which bias es human cognition. Perceptual psychology is a very closely related field, as it studies the limits of what humans can perceive. Barry Smith is perhaps the principal developer of this field,,, ref Smith, B. 1995 Formal Ontology, Common Sense and Cognitive Science. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, Vol. 43, p. 641 66 http cogprints.org 309 available at Cogprints ref ref Cognitive ontology and NP form K Fraurud Pragmatics & beyond. New series, 1996 ref ref Belief in Psychology A Study in the Ontology of Mind JL Garfield 1988 MIT Press ref and has also developed the related topic of na ve physics . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Cognitive Ontology Category Ontology Philo stub ... more details
External links date August 2010 Ontology editors are applications designed to assist in the creation or manipulation of ontology computer science ontologies . They often express ontologies in one of many ontology language computer science ontology languages . Some provide export to other ontology languages ... an ontology editor are the degree to which the editor abstracts from the actual Ontology language computer science ontology representation language used for persistence and the visual navigation possibilities ... facilities, and the support of Upper ontology computer science upper ontologies such as OWL S , Dublin ... languages for ontology matching . br Ontologies are developed for a specific purpose and application ... can be used i.e. that the tool has an API or appropriate export capability to plug the ontology into the desired application s . Example editors http www.a k a.com.au ?page id 43 a.k.a. software Ontology ... products anzo for excel Anzo for Excel Includes an RDFS and OWL ontology editor within ... Other web service by Stanford http coe.ihmc.us CmapTools Ontology Editor COE Java based ontology ... Architect , along with Unified Modeling Language UML modeling, supports OMG OMG s Ontology Definition MetaModel which includes Web Ontology Language OWL and Resource Description Framework RDF ... Natural Language Controlled English . Supports Web Ontology Language OWL , Resource Description ... joe joeBeta jar.html Java Ontology Editor JOE 1998 KAON single user and server based solutions possible, open source, from FZI AIFB Karlsruhe http www.algo.be ref projects.htm KMgen KMgen Ontology editor ... www.knoodl.com Knoodl Free web application service that is an ontology editor, wiki , and Digital repository ontology registry . Supports creation of communities where members can collaboratively import, create, discuss, document and publish ontologies. Supports Web Ontology Language OWL , Resource ..., downloadable, open source, developed by the Gene Ontology Consortium for editing biological ontologies ... more details
Image MBED Top Level Ontology.jpg thumb 360px Example of a constructed MBED Top Level Ontology based ... Space Systems Architectures . NASA, JPL. ref Ontology engineering in computer science and information science is a new field, which studies the methods and methodologies for building Ontology information ... date May 2010 Overview Quote Ontology engineering aims at making explicit the knowledge contained within .... Ontology engineering offers a direction towards solving the inter operability problems brought about ... classes. Ontology engineering is a set of tasks related to the development of ontologies for a particular domain. Line Pouchard , Nenad Ivezic and Craig Schlenoff Ontology Engineering for Distributed ... http www.mel.nist.gov msidlibrary doc AISfinal2.pdf Ontology Engineering for Distributed Collaboration in Manufacturing . In Proceedings of the AIS2000 conference , March 2000. ref Ontology information ... field of study concerning the ontology development process, the ontology life cycle, the methods ... A software engineering approach to ontology building year 2009 last1 Denicola first1 A last2 Missikoff ... suites and languages that support them. Ontology languages See ontology language An ontology language is a formal language used to encode the ontology. There are a number of such languages for ontologies ... for a family of ontology languages that can be accurately translated into each other. The Cyc project has its own ontology language called CycL , based on first order predicate calculus with some higher ... an ontology with an ontology language. IDEF5 is a software engineering method to develop and maintain ... s. Rule Interchange Format RIF and F Logic combine ontologies and rules. Web Ontology Language ... Framework RDF and RDFS , as well as earlier ontology language projects including Ontology Inference ... Business Reporting Language is a syntax for expressing business semantics. Ontology Engineering In Life ... optimally against the knowledge base they represent. The structure of an ontology needs to be changed ... more details
Ontology learning ontology extraction , ontology generation , or ontology acquisition is a subtask of information extraction . The goal of ontology computer science ontology learning is to semi automatically extract relevant concepts and relations from a given Text corpus corpus or other kinds of data sets to form an ontology. The automatic creation of ontologies is a task that involves many disciplines. Typically, the process starts by extracting terms and concepts or noun phrases noun phrase from plain text using a method from terminology extraction . This usually involves linguistic processors e.g. Part of speech tagging part of speech tagging , phrase chunking . Then statistical ref A. Maedche and S. Staab. http citeseer.ist.psu.edu maedche01learning.html Learning ontologies for the semantic web . In Semantic Web Worskhop 2001. ref or symbolic ref Marti A. Hearst. http citeseer.ist.psu.edu hearst92automatic.html Automatic acquisition of hyponyms from large text corpora . In Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 539 545, Nantes, France, July 1992. ref ref Roberto Navigli and Paola Velardi. http www.mitpressjournals.org doi abs ... is commanded by the knowledge based on instances of concepts and relations on the basis of ontology ... extracts a domain taxonomy i.e., the backbone of an ontology from scratch ref R. Navigli, P. Velardi ... Semantic Web Computational linguistics Natural language processing Ontology computer science Domain ontologies and upper ontologies Domain Ontology Taxonomy Glossary Text simplification Text mining References reflist 2 Bibliography P. Buitelaar, P. Cimiano Eds. . Ontology Learning and Population Bridging ... and Applications , IOS Press, 2008. P. Buitelaar, P. Cimiano, and B. Magnini Eds. . Ontology Learning ..., W. & Bennamoun, M. In Press , http goanna.cs.rmit.edu.au e87368 paper 233282242.pdf Ontology Learning ... Category Natural language processing Category Artificial intelligence Category Ontology learning computer ... more details
Citations missing article date April 2008 The term weak ontology has unrelated meanings in computer science and political theory . Once the political science meaning is expanded a little more, this article can be split into two and given a disambiguation page. Computer science In computer science, a weak ontology computer science ontology is one that is not sufficiently rigorous to allow software to infer new facts without an intervention by human beings the end users of the software system . This distinction does not apply to the ontology philosophical term , because in philosophy all inference is performed by human beings. Accordingly, from the point of view of computer science , philosophers do only weak ontology, except to the degree that their work converges with mathematics , Boolean logic , and other subfields in which automatic reasoning is known to be possible. By this standard which evolved as artificial intelligence methods became more sophisticated, and computers were used to model high human impact decisions most database s use weak ontologies. A weak ontology is adequate for many purposes, including education , where one teaches a set of distinctions and trying to induce the power to make those distinctions in the student. Stronger ontologies only tend to evolve as the weaker ones prove deficient. This phenomenon of ontology becoming stronger over time parallels observations in folk taxonomy about taxonomy as a society practices more labour specialization , it tends to become intolerant of confusions and mixed metaphors, and sorts them into formal profession s or practices. Ultimately, these are expected to reason about them in common, with mathematics, especially ... in such schemes as microformats as more and more forums agree. These weak ontology ... than is possible with Index term keyword ing. Political theory Weak ontology has a different, unrelated ... of politics at the University of Virginia . DEFAULTSORT Weak Ontology Category Ontology information ... more details
notability Music date February 2010 The Ontology of Noise is a work of conceptual art conceptual sound art , by Nana April Jun , released by UK based audio visual label, Touch Music Touch . The Ontology of Noise consists of five minimalist compositions with a sound situated between white noise and black metal . The album researches the hallucinogenic qualities of noise ref cite web url http www.nanaapriljun.com title official web site publisher date accessdate 2011 09 29 ref exploring all digital noise timbres as continuous, evolving streams. The Ontology of Noise has been described as grey . ref cite web url http www.factmagazine.co.uk index.php?option com content&task view&id 2223&Itemid 105 title Fact Magazine article publisher FACT magazine date accessdate 2011 09 29 ref br br The Ontology of Noise is mastered by Denis Blackham . Track listing The One Substance Process Philosophy Space Time Continuum Semantic Shift Sun Wind Darkness Eye References references DEFAULTSORT Ontology of Noise Category Contemporary works of art Category 2009 albums Category Swedish contemporary art ... more details
Ontology alignment , or ontology matching , is the process of determining correspondences between concept ... s, concepts are expressed as labels for data. Historically, the need for ontology alignment ... providing their own ontology information science ontologies , ontology matching has taken a critical place for helping heterogeneous resources to interoperate. Ontology alignment tools find classes ... Euzenat and Pavel Shvaiko. 2007. http book.ontologymatching.org Ontology matching , Springer Verlag ... from Cognitive Science and some independently. Ontology alignment tools have generally been .... http www.dit.unitn.it p2p RelatedWork Matching COMA SIGMOD05.pdf Schema and ontology matching with COMA ..., aligning ontologies is sometimes referred to as ontology matching . The problem of Ontology Alignment ... A. Curino and Giorgio Orsi and Letizia Tanca title X SOM A Flexible Ontology Mapper url http www.polibear.net ... Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative aims to evaluate, compare and improve the different ... j langle C j , R j , I j , A j rangle math we can define different type of inter ontology relationships ... about the semantic similarity similarity of ontology terms , and mappings logical axiom s, typically expressing logical equivalence or inclusion among ontology terms atomic vs complex whether ... a well defined semantics in every Description Logic. Let s now introduce more formally ontology ... , s rangle math , where math t i math and math t j math are homogeneous ontology terms, math s math ... ontology terms. Cognitive Science For cognitive scientist s interested in ontology alignment, the concepts ... 84, pp. 295 320. ref Ontology alignment is closely related to analogy formation , where concepts are variables in logic expressions. Ontology alignment methods Philosophy For philosophers, much like ... 718 6964 file ITM ALIGN en.pdf ITM Align semi automated ontology alignment http cs.uga.edu uthayasa Optima Optima.html Optima A Visual Ontology Alignment Tool http www.stanford.edu sfalc cogz cogz.html ... more details
The notion of ontology modularization refers to a methodological principle in ontology engineering . The idea is that an ontology is built in a modular manner, i.e. developed as a set of small modules and later composed to form, and be used as, one modular ontology. One of the major research meetings on ontology modularization is the International Workshop on Modular Ontologies series. See also Ontology double articulation principle. References http www.springer.com computer database management & information retrieval book 978 3 642 01906 7 Modular Ontologies, Concepts, Theories and Techniques for Knowledge Modularization Stuckenschmidt, Heiner Parent, Christine Spaccapietra, Stefano Eds. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNCS Vol. 5445. 2009. Springer. ISBN 978 3 642 01906 7 External Links to Past and Future Workshops http www.informatik.uni bremen.de okutz womo5 Fifth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WoMO 11 , Ljubljana, Slovenia, August 2011 co located with ESSLLI 2011 . http www.informatik.uni bremen.de okutz womo4 Fourth International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WOMO 10 , held at Toronto, Canada, May 11, 2010 co located with FOIS 2010 . http dkm.fbk.eu worm08 International Workshop on Ontologies Reasoning and Modularity WORM 08 . Tenerife, Spain, June 2, 2008. co located with ESWC 2008. http ftp.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications CEUR WS Vol 348 Proceeding http webrum.uni mannheim.de math lski WoMO07 Second International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WOMO 07 , October 28, 2007. Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. co located with K Cap 2007 http ftp.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications CEUR WS Vol 315 Proceeding http www.cild.iastate.edu events womo.html First International Workshop on Modular Ontologies WOMO 06 , November 5, 2006, Athens, Georgia, USA, co located with ISWC 2006 http ftp.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications CEUR WS Vol 232 Proceeding Category Ontology information science Category Holism ... more details
The Gene Ontology , or GO , is a major bioinformatics initiative to unify the representation of gene and gene product attributes across all species . ref cite journal author The Gene Ontology Consortium year 2008 month Jan title The Gene Ontology project in 2008. journal Nucleic Acids Research volume ... Ontologies OBO . GO terms and ontology There is no universal standard terminology in biology ... research group. This makes communication and sharing of data more difficult. The Gene Ontology project provides an Ontology computer science ontology of defined terms representing gene product properties. The ontology covers three domains cellular component , the parts of a Cell biology cell or its ... the ontology has a term name, which may be a word or string of words a unique alphanumeric identifier ... or usage. The GO ontology is structured as a directed acyclic graph , and each term has defined ... s and eukaryote s, Single cell organism single and multicellular organism s. The GO ontology ... of the ontology may be revised with the help of community experts e.g. ref cite journal author Diehl AD, Lee JA, Scheuermann RH, Blake JA year 2007 title Ontology development for biological ... btm029 accessdate 2009 01 09 issue 7 ref . Suggested edits are reviewed by the ontology editors, and implemented where appropriate. The GO ontology file is freely available from the http ... http amigo.geneontology.org AmiGO . The Gene Ontology project also provides downloadable http www.geneontology.org ... Data source ref cite web url http www.geneontology.org ontology obo format 1 2 gene ontology.1 ... of capturing data about a gene product, and GO annotations use terms from the GO ontology to do ... www.obofoundry.org cgi bin detail.cgi?id evidence code Evidence Code Ontology , a controlled vocabulary ..., where, how and why of gene ontology a primer for bioinformaticians Brief Bioinform cite web doi 10.1093 bib bbr002 title The what, where, how and why of gene ontology a primer for bioinformaticians ... more details
GOLD G eneral O ntology for L inguistic D escription is an ontology computer science ontology for descriptive linguistics . It gives a formalized account of the most basic categories and relations used in the scientific description of human language. br GOLD was first introduced by Farrar and Langendoen 2003 . Originally, it was envisioned as a solution to the problem of resolving disparate markup schemes for linguistic data, in particular data from endangered language s. Meanwhile, GOLD is much more general and can be applied to all languages. It is a work in progress, currently carried out by the LINGUIST List , among others. External links http www.linguistics ontology.org gold.html GOLD linguistics stub Category Linguistics Category Information science Category Semantic Web Category Ontology information science ... more details
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