Unreferenced date December 2009 Historical languages are languages that were spoken in a historical period. See Historical linguistics List of languages by first written accounts List of extinct languages Classical language Proto language See also Ancient language DEFAULTSORT Historical Language Category Languages H ... more details
Wikify date August 2010 Historical Research is a scholarly journal published by the Institute of Historical Research at the University of London . It was first published in 1923 under the title Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research . Beginning with Vol. 60, no. 141 Feb. 1987 , the journal appeared under its present name Historical Research . External links http www.history.ac.uk historical research Historical Research page at the Institute of Historical Research http www.wiley.com bw journal.asp?ref 0950 3471 Historical Research page from Wiley Blackwell publisher Category History journals Category Publications established in 1923 Category Wiley Blackwell academic journals Category English language journals humanities journal stub ... more details
Image Nelson Aldrich House edit1.jpg 300px thumb right The Nelson W. Aldrich House , headquarters of the Rhode Island Historical Society in Providence, Rhode Island, USA A historical society is an organization that collects, researches, interprets and preserves information or items of History historical interest. Generally, a historical society focuses on a specific geographical area, such as a county or town or subject, such as aviation or Rail transport rail . Many historical societies publish Magazine journals or maintain museum s to showcase their field of study. See also List of historical societies Category Historical societies Hist stub Organization stub ... more details
A historical editorial is an editorial written by a person contemporary to a historical event. To those studying history , a historical editorial may offer insight into commonly held views about historically important events from a first hand or eye witness perspective. External links Houghton Mifflin Company. http www.eduplace.com kids socsci ca books bkd sources bkd template.jsp?name transconrail2 Editorial in Favor of the Transcontinental Railroad Historical Editorial. Last retrieved Aug 1, 2007. References reflist history stub Category Historical documents Category Primary sources ... more details
Historical theology is a branch of theological studies that investigates the socio historical and cultural mechanisms that give rise to theological idea s, System systems , and statements . Research and method in this field focus on the relationship between theology and context as well as the major theological influences upon the figures and topics studied. Historical theologians are thus concerned with the historical development of theology. External links http www.thetheologyprogram.com The Theology Program Historical Systematic Theological Studies Program featuring audio and video aids http www.slu.edu x14943.xml Doctoral Study in Historical Theology at Saint Louis University Christian theology Category Theology Category Christian theological movements es Teolog a hist rica nl Historische theologie ja pt Teologia hist rica sv Historisk teologi zh ... more details
, historical atlases have been made available online. See also Category Old maps Timeline Portal Atlas Commons Historical atlas External links http yalepress.yale.edu yupbooks book.asp?isbn 9780300086935 ... with historical animated maps http www.maproom.org 00 04 index.php Richard Andree Professor G. Droysens Allgemeiner Historischer Handatlas , 1886 http www.maproom.org 00 36 index.php R. Lane Poole Historical ..., A Historical Atlas of South Asia, second impression. http ccat.sas.upenn.edu rs143 map.html ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Historical tale rekishi monogatari is a category of Japanese literature . Notable historical tales are A Tale of Flowering Fortunes Eiga monogatari The Great Mirror Okagami Today s Mirror Imakagami The Water Mirror Mizukagami The Clear Mirror Masukagami Rokudai Shojiki written in the Kamakura period . DEFAULTSORT Historical Tale Category Japanese literature ja ... more details
Historical Records is a record label set up in 1965 by Arnold S. Caplin . Historical Records re issued rare Blues , Gospel , Jazz and Country recordings of the 1920s. See also List of record labels External links http www.wirz.de music historic.htm Illustrated Historical Records discography Category American record labels Category Defunct record labels Category Blues record labels US record label stub ... more details
Historical determinism is the stance in explaining history or advocating a political position that events are historically predetermined and or currently constrained by various forces. Since such explanation is the norm, it may be better understood in contrast to its negation, i.e. the rejection of historical determinism. The italicized alternation and or is significant because some political philosophies e.g. Marxism assert a historical materialism form of the one and reject the other. Used as a pejorative, it is normally meant to designate an overdetermination of present possibilities by historical conditions. See also Bad faith existentialism Determinism Economic determinism False Consciousness Free Will Geographic determinism Human nature Marxism Self determination External links http weekly.ahram.org.eg 2005 764 op3.htm Al Ahram Terror and Historical Determinism http www.ismbook.com historicaldeterminism.html Definition at isms.com br Category Theories of history Category Political theories Category Determinism Philosophy stub nl Historisch determinisme ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2010 Macro historical analysis seeks out large, long term trends in world history, searching for ultimate patterns through a comparison of proximate details. For example, a macro historical study might examine Japanese feudalism and European feudalism in order to decide whether feudal structures are an inevitable outcome given certain conditions. Macro historical studies often assume that macro historical processes repeat themselves in explainable and understandable ways http parallelism.org 13949 WELL layout2.pdf . Examples of macro historical analysis include Karl Marx s assertion that all history can be explained through economics and class struggle , and Arnold J. Toynbee s historical synthesis in explaining the rise and fall of civilizations. Another example is the Battle of Ain Jalut which is considered by many historians to be of great macro historical importance, as it marked the highwater point of Mongol conquests, and the first time they had ever been decisively defeated. See also The Fifteen Decisive Battles of the World Cliometrics Category History history stub ... more details
Historical pragmatics is the study of language use especially in spoken language in its historical dimension. State of the Art Since the late 1970s, historical linguists have discovered their growing interest in pragmatic questions first in German, then in Romance linguistics. Especially thanks to Andreas Jucker this field has also been attracting more and more colleagues from English linguistics over the past ten years. ref Cf. especially Jucker 1995 and Jucker Fritz Lebsanft 1999a for an overview on the development of this discipline. ref Meanwhile there is also a Journal of Historical Pragmatics , which is edited by Andreas Jucker and Irma Taavitsainen. Methodology Historical pragmatics has to rely exclusively on written corpora. This leads to the question how can we find out about the ways people talked to each other in medieval and early modern times? The difficulty of unmasking spoken language in earlier periods has been discussed several times for medieval times there are practically no reflexes of or on spoken language, and a majority of studies on historical pragmatics do not delve into text prior to the 17th century. ref Cf., e.g, the overviews in Jucker et al. 1999b and Jucker 2000. ref See also historical linguistics pragmatics speech act text linguistics References Jucker, Andreas H. 1995 , Historical Pragmatics Pragmatic Developments in the History of English , Amsterdam Philadelphia Benjamins. Jucker, Andreas H. Fritz, Gerd Lebsanft, Franz eds. 1999a , Historical Dialogue Analysis , Amsterdam Benjamins. Jucker, Andreas H. Fritz, Gerd Lebsanft, Franz 1999b , Historical Dialogue Analysis Roots and Traditions in the Study of the Romance Languages, German and English , in Jucker Fritz Lebsanft 1999a eds. , 1 33. Jucker, Andreas H. 2000 , English Historical Pragmatics ... on historical pragmatics , compiled by Andreas Jucker, with over 450 entries http www.onomasiology.de ... Sch ner, that also includes works on historical pragmatics Notes references DEFAULTSORT Historical ... more details
and copy permitted historical texts presented cleanly without advertising or excessive layout for educational ... Historical documents http www.bartleby.com 43 American Historical Documents from the Harvard Classics ... local safrhdd.html historic document collection http www.archives.gov historical docs Some of America s historical documents from the National Archives and Records Administration NARA http www.gilderlehrman.org ..., an organization of scholars publishing historical documents Category Historical documents ca Font ... more details
Cleanup date April 2009 Historical simulation in finance s value at risk VaR analysis is a procedure for predicting value at risk by simulating or constructing the cumulative distribution function CDF of assets returns over time. Unlike most parametric VaR models, Historical Simulation does not assume any distribution on the asset returns. Also, it is relatively easy to implement. However, there is a couple of shortcomings of historical simulation, and first of all is that it imposes a restriction on the estimation assuming asset returns are independent and identically distributed random variable independent and identically distributed iid which is not the case. From empirical evidence, it is known that asset returns are clearly not independent as they exhibit certain patterns such as volatility clustering . Therefore it can be unrealistic to assume iid asset returns. Second restriction relates to time. Historical simulation, it applies equal weight to all returns of the whole period and this is inconsistent with the nature where there is diminishing predictability of data that are further away from the present. These two shortcomings leads economists and financial experts to further develop other non parametric, semi parametric and parametric models. Weighted historical simulation Like the traditional historical simulation technique, weighted historical simulation applies decreasing weights to returns that are further away from the present, which overcomes the inconsistency of historical simulation with diminishing predictability of data that are further away from the present. However, weighted historical simulation still assumes iid asset returns. ref cite journal last Boudoukh first J. coauthors Richardson, M., Whitelaw, R. title The Best of Both Worlds journal Risk year 1998 volume 11 pages 64 67 url http pages.stern.nyu.edu rwhitela papers hybrid 20risk98.pdf ref Filtered historical simulation Filtered historical simulation is a semi parametric technique in forecasting ... more details
historical marker with biography of Carter G. Woodson located in Huntington, West Virginia shows ... right These historical markers indicate the location of Francis Parkman Francis Parkman House , a National ... . File Mine La Motte historical marker 1.jpg thumb 222px right An example of a marker set in native stone, this in a granite boulder at Mine La Motte, Missouri A historical marker or historic marker ... North ref Description Many historical markers are put on display by national agencies concerned with historic ... in Republic of Ireland Ireland , and the National Trusts of other countries. Other historical markers ... of historical markers that fit a certain theme. ref cite web url http www.newsobserver.com 105 story ... The criteria and circumstances through which a party administers the distribution of historical ... or historical nature of the local neighborhood . One then pays a fee 185 to 225 to receive the historical ... own local association to administer historical markers. ref http www.charlestownpreservation.org historicmarkers.html Charlestownpreservation.org ref Other historical markers in and around Boston are administered ... of mostly locally generated historical markers in the United States include the plaque outside the Alaska Governor s Mansion made by the Alaska Centennial Commission s historical markers program, ref ... Markers ref the historical markers of State Historic Marker Council in Florida , ref http www.flheritage.com ... historical markers ref name george , in Indiana , where it is illegal to create a historical marker in the state format without first getting official approval from that state s historical bureau, ref http www.in.gov history 7363.htm Historical Marker FAQs ref historical markers in Kansas erected by the Kansas Historical Society and the Kansas Department of Transportation , ref http www.kshs.org tourists markers.htm Kansas Historical Markers ref the Roadside Historic Marker Program in Maryland administered by the Maryland Historical Trust, ref http mht.maryland.gov marker.html Maryland Historical ... more details
Image GFCI england.jpg frame right A historical album is a collection of songs around a unified theme with a basis in the documented history of a person or place. This differs from a concept album , which may have a unified theme, but is usually composed of fictional stories not linked with actual historical facts even though the subject could be a real person or place. Historical albums are often considered concept albums due to the broad nature of that more recognizable category. Examples of historical albums include Ch vez Ravine by Ry Cooder , Greetings From Cairo, Illinois by Stace England , and The Glorious Burden by Iced Earth . The Illinois album Illinois DO NOT CHANGE THE NAME OF THE ALBUM the album is Illinois , one track is Come on Feel the Illinoise see the Talk Sufjan Stevens page by Sufjan Stevens could also be associated with the historical album category. Ch vez Ravine album tells the story of an actual town in Ch vez Ravine demolished in the 1950s to lure the Brooklyn Dodgers to Los Angeles . Greetings From Cairo, Illinois tells the story of Cairo, Illinois from 1858 to 2005 citing numerous documented historical references. Illinois uses actual Illinois towns and subjects as jumping off points to more universal subjects such as family and faith. Historical albums are not associated with The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences s Grammy Award for Best Historical Album category, which comprises reissues of previously released musical recordings. Category Albums unreferenced date August 2007 ... more details
Infobox journal title The Historical Journal cover File The Historical Journal.jpg editor Clare Jackson, Julian Hoppit discipline History former names The Cambridge Historical Journal abbreviation publisher Cambridge University Press country United Kingdom frequency Quarterly history 1958 present openaccess license impact impact year website http journals.cambridge.org his link1 link1 name link2 link2 name JSTOR OCLC 301165981 LCCN 62052664 CODEN ISSN 0018 246X eISSN 1469 5103 boxwidth The Historical Journal is a Peer review peer reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press . It publishes approximately thirty five articles per year on all aspects of History of the British Isles British , History of Europe European , and World History world history since the fifteenth century. In addition, each issue contains numerous review articles covering a wide range of historical literature. Contributing authors include historians of established academic reputation as well as younger scholars making a debut in the historical profession. The journal was originally founded in 1923 as The Cambridge Historical Journal and obtained its present title in 1958. Despite choosing to omit the Cambridge label from the latter date, it remained under the editorial leadership of the History Faculty at the University of Cambridge , as it does to this day. Its current editor in chief editors are Clare Jackson Trinity Hall, Cambridge and Julian Hoppit University College London . External links Official http journals.cambridge.org his DEFAULTSORT Historical Journal, The Category History journals Category Publications established in 1923 Category English language journals Category Cambridge University Press academic journals Category Quarterly journals ... more details
The term devised by historian Frederic L. Paxson , one of the founders of the National Board for Historical Service established by U.S. historians to serve the state by explaining the issues of the war that we might the better win it. See also Agitprop Necessary Illusions External links http books.zcommunications.org chomsky ni ni contents.html Necessary Illusions , full book philo stub Category Historical revisionism ... more details
Quote box width 246px align right quote Historical archaeology is the most expensive way in the world to learn something we already know. source Deetz, 1991 Historical archaeology is a form of archaeology dealing with sites about written records exist. These records can both complement and conflict with the archaeological evidence found at a particular site. Studies tend to focus on literate, historical period societies as opposed to illiterate, prehistory prehistoric societies. While they may not have generated the records, the lives of people for whom there was little need for written records, such as the working class , slaves, indentured labourers, and child ren but who live in the historical period can also be the subject of study. The sites are found on land and underwater. Industrial archaeology , unless practised at industrial sites from the prehistoric era, is a form of historical archaeology concentrating on the remains and products of industry and the Industrial era. Notable historical archaeology sites in the United States and Canada African Burial Ground , New York City Annapolis, Maryland Jamestown, Virginia Monticello , Virginia Mount Vernon plantation Mount Vernon , Virginia ... web title Australasian Society for Historical Archaeology url http www.asha.org.au cite web title Contemporary and Historical Archaeology in Theory CHAT Conference Group url http www.contemp hist arch.ac.uk index.html cite web title The Society for Historical Archaeology url http www.sha.org cite web ... Anchor year 1996 cite book last Orser first Charles E. title Historical Archaeology location ... eds 2006. Historical Archaeology. Oxford Blackwell. cite book last Hicks first Dan and Mary C. Beaudry eds title The Cambridge Companion to Historical Archaeology location New York publisher Cambridge ... Method and Theory in Historical Archaeology publisher Academic Press year 1977 cite book last Majewski first Teresita last Gaimster first David title International handbook of historical archaeology ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2009 Historical subject is in itself an oxymoron . If, in philosophy , a subject philosophy subject supposes a non historical presence, an eternity eternal substance, then how could the subject be historicized without keeping the ahistorical, essential core of this subject on which change occurs? Nietzsche s critique of the subject is based in the rejection of an existing substance in favor of forces and wills combining to form combinations, sometimes in the form of a consciousness . Heidegger later traced the concept of subject to the metaphysical concept of Substance philosophy ousia to demonstrate the impossibility of eliminating the subject by simply historicizing it. The modern definition of subjectivity, according to Heidegger, recovered Kant s definition of the substance in the Critique of Pure Reason and Aristotle s definition of ousia in Metaphysics . The term historical subject is also used by Michel Foucault , as a concept opposed to the eternal and transcendence philosophy transcendent subject of the juridical and philosophical discourse , yet still identified as an object. Foucault proposes a Philosophy of history Michel Foucault s analysis of historical and political discourse historical and political discourse . See also Subject philosophy Portal Philosophy Category Historiography Category Political philosophy Category Continental philosophy ... more details
Historical fiction tells a story that is set in the past. That setting is usually real and drawn from history, and often contains actual historical persons, but the principal characters tend to be fictional ... detail and fidelity. ref name britannica http www.britannica.com search?query historical fiction&ct Search Results for historical fiction Encyclopedia Britannica Online Encyclopedia Bot generated title ref Historical fiction is found in historical novel books , magazines, ref See, e.g. , Paradox magazine Paradox Magazine , which publishes short stories in the historical fiction sub genre. ref art , television , film , theater , and other media. Definition Historical fiction presents readers with a story ... in that period. Historical fiction often presents actual events from the point of view of fictional people living in that time period. In some historical fiction, famous events appear from points of view ... events. Historical figures are also often shown dealing with these events while depicting them in a way that has not been previously recorded. Other times, a historical event is used to complement ... or otherwise wholly unrelated to that historical event. Sometimes, the names of people and places ... history , which is known for speculating on what could have happened if a significant historical event had occurred differently. On a similar note, events occurring in historical fiction must adhere to the laws of physics. Stories that extend into the magical or fantastic are considered historical fantasy . Literature details historical novel Historical literature includes the works of authors that epitomize a specific period in history. Historical literature has been written since at least the 11th ... 1973 Booker Prize Winner and The Singapore Grip Ken Follett most of his books are historical fiction ... century England, and other works. W.E.B. Griffin The Corps Series Historical fiction series taking place shortly before WWII, through to Korea. Cynthia Harrod Eagles The Morland Dynasty Historical ... more details
era. In the early modern period, historical demographers rely heavily on ecclesiastical records ... in the rest of the world historical demographers make use of data collected by governments, including ... topic historical demography Historical Demography in Encyclopedia of Public Health , Retrieved on 3 May 2005 ref History Historical analysis has played a central role in the study of population ... of historical demography as a distinct subfield of demography. ref name Rosental Paul ... 301 0097 The Novelty of an Old Genre Louis Henry and the Founding of Historical Demography , Population English edition , Volume 58 2003 1, Retrieved on 3 May 2007 ref In recent years, new research in historical ..., Retrieved on 3 June 2009 ref , the Historical Sample of the Netherlands ref http www.iisg.nl hsn , Retrieved on 3 June 2009 ref , and the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series IPUMS . Historical population ... indigenous peoples Historical demography of Poland Population reconstruction References See http ... of Historical Demography , New York Academic Press, 1982. An Introduction to English Historical ... Eversley, Population in History Essays in Historical Demography , London Edward E. Arnold, 1965 Irena ... International Commission for Historical Demography http www.h net.msu.edu demog H Demog , an international ... STATISTICS in historical perspective Category Demography Category Fields of history Demography ... more details
Use dmy dates date September 2010 Historical astronomy is the science of analysing historic astronomy astronomical data. The American Astronomical Society AAS , established 1899, states that its Historical Astronomy Division ...shall exist for the purpose of advancing interest in topics relating to the historical nature of astronomy. By historical astronomy we include the history of astronomy what has come to be known as archaeoastronomy and the application of historical records to modern Astrophysics astrophysical problems. http www.aas.org had hadhist.html Historical and ancient observations are used to track theoretically long term trends, such as eclipse patterns and the velocity of nebular clouds. http star www.dur.ac.uk jms group.html Conversely, utilizing known and well documented phenomenological activity, historical astronomers and apply computer models to verify the validity of ancient observations, as well as Astronomical chronology dating such observations and documents which would otherwise be unknown. Examples One example of such study would be the Crab Nebula , which is the remains of a supernova of July 1054, the SN 1054 . During the Northern Sung dynasty in China, a historical Chinese astronomy astronomical record was written, which lists unusual phenomena observed in the night sky. The event was also recorded by Japanese and Astronomy in medieval Islam Arab astronomers . Scholar often associate this with the creation of the Crab Nebula. 3 Secondly, The astronomer Edmond Halley employed this science to deduce that three comet s that appeared roughly 76 years apart were in fact the Comet Halley same object . Similarly, the dwarf planet Pluto was found to have been photographed as early as 1915 although it was not recognized until 1930. Quasar s have been photographed since the late 19th centuries although they were not known to be unusual objects until ... Katherine Bracher, THE HISTORICAL ASTRONOMY DIVISION http star www.dur.ac.uk jms group.html ... more details
Use dmy dates date October 2010 The historical whodunnit is a sub genre of historical fiction which bears elements of the classical mystery novel , in which the central plot involves a crime almost always a murder and the setting has some historical significance. One of the big areas of debate within the community of fans is what makes a given setting historical. Most but not all agree that it should involve a time before the book was published. But how much before? 25 years? 50 years? 100 years? All have their proponents. Others think the setting should be X number of years before the author s lifetime, or before the readers lifetime. There s also a lot of debate over how much historical accuracy is required to make a given setting historical rather than fantasy or alternate history or really just a modern story in fancy dress. While there has to be some elements of real life history to the setting under most definitions, the detective may be a real life historical figure, eg. Socrates ... as historical whodunnit s, although both also wrote mysteries with contemporary settings as well. Melville Davisson Post Post is best known for his historical detective Uncle Abner , who appeared ... in ancient Egypt, possibly the first full length historical whodunnit. In 1950, John Dickson Carr ... full length historical whodunnit. Josephine Tey brought out The Daughter of Time , in which ... and the Princes in the Tower , a year later. While it is not strictly speaking a historical whodunnit ... novels, but a number of her books, such as The Talisman Ring 1936 , can be considered historical ... for historical whodunnits only really beginning in the late 1970s with the success of Ellis Peters ... of stories, which are not considered historical whodunnit s by everyone in the genre, is driven ... histmyst.org The Detective and the Toga DEFAULTSORT Historical Whodunnit Category Mystery fiction Category Historical novels Whodunnit it Giallo storico sv Historisk deckare ... more details
Refimprove date March 2010 According to Encyclop dia Britannica, a historical novel is cquote a novel ... fidelity to historical fact. The work may deal with actual historical personages...or it may contain a mixture of fictional and historical characters. ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 267395 historical novel Brittanica.com . Retrieved 08 2010. ref Overview An early example of historical ... successful writers in this genre. Defoe works such as Robinson Crusoe 1719 used historical settings ... 50 historical novels. Her technique of focusing attention on a person of minor historical significance .... The historical novel was further popularized in the 19th century by writers classified as Romanticism ... historical novel as does Leo Tolstoy s War and Peace . In the United States, Nathaniel Hawthorne and James Fenimore Cooper were prominent. Many early historical novels played an important role ... for historic preservation . Historical fiction has also served to encourage movements of romantic nationalism ... for Literature 1928 . The genre of the historical novel has also permitted some authors, such as the Poland Polish novelist Boles aw Prus in his sole historical novel, Faraon Pharaoh , to distance ... condition , or to escape the depredations of the Censorship censor . In some historical ... . In some works, the accuracy of the historical elements has been questioned, as in Alexandre Dumas ... and Thomas Pynchon operate with even more freedom, mixing historical characters and settings with invented .... A few writers create historical fiction without fictional characters. One example is I, Claudius , by 20th ... scales in historical novels vary widely. While many focus on a particular event or series of events ... to accepted historical presumptions. In I, Claudius , by 20th century writer Robert Graves ... processes and American history. Historical fiction can also serve satire satirical purposes . An example ... character bounder Sir Harry Paget Flashman . The historical novel remains popular with authors and readers ... more details
Historical thinking is defined by many education resources as a set of reasoning skills that students of history should learn as a result of studying history . Sometimes called historical reasoning skills, historical thinking skills are frequently described in contrast to history content such as names, dates, and places. This Dichotomy dichotomous presentation is often misinterpreted as a claim for superiority of one form of knowing over the other. In fact, the distinction is generally made to underscore the importance of developing thinking skills that can be applied when individuals encounter any history content. Most educators agree that together, history content or facts about the past and historical thinking skills enable students to interpret, analyze and use information about past events. U.S. Standards for Historical Thinking in Schools In the United States, the National Center for History in the Schools at the University of California , Los Angeles has developed history standards that include Specification technical standard benchmark s for both content in U.S. and world history and historical thinking skills in grades Kindergarten 4 and 5 12. In both of these age ranges, the Center defines historical thinking in five parts Chronological Thinking Historical Comprehension Historical Analysis and interpretation logic Interpretation Historical Research Capabilities Historical Issues Analysis and Decision Making As part of the national assessment effort called The Nation ... basic dimensions major historical themes, chronological periods, and ways of knowing and thinking about history. The third dimension is further divided into two parts historical knowledge and perspective, and historical analysis and interpretation. The Role of the History Textbook in Learning to Think ... in the Schools. National Standards for History. 1996. http nchs.ucla.edu Standards historical .... Wineburg, Sam. Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts . Philadelphia, PA Temple University ... more details
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