About proximal femoral fracture s fractures of the hip bone Pelvic fracture Infobox disease Name Hipfracture Image Rt NOF.jpg Caption AP Hip projection demonstrating an Intertrochanteric fracture DiseasesDB ... 198 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 sports 48 MeshID D006620 A hipfracture is a femoral fracture ref http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com hipfracture TheFreeDictionary hipfracture Citing McGraw ... the long bone running through the thigh , near the hip . The term hipfracture is commonly ... of cases, a hipfracture is a fragility fracture due to a fall or minor trauma in someone with weakened ... energy trauma and a dislocation of the hip joint often accompanies this fracture. Femoral neck ... the shaft of the femur. Signs and symptoms The classic clinical presentation of a hipfracture is an elderly ... to the unaffected leg. Risk factors Hipfracture following a fall is likely to be a pathologic fracture ... imperfecta . Stress fracture s may occur in the hip region with metabolic bone disease. Benign or malignant ... deposits in the proximal femur may weaken the bone and cause a pathological hipfracture. Osteomyelitis Infection in the bone is a rare cause of hipfracture. Diagnosis X rays of the affected hip usually ... 9 oclc doi accessdate ref Intertrochanteric fracture Image Cdm hipfracture 343.jpg thumb Intertrochanteric hipfracture in a 17 year old male Image Cdm hip implant 348.jpg thumb Fracture supported by dynamic hip screw An intertrochanteric fracture, below the neck of the femur, has a good chance ... risk of re fracture after implant removal. The most common cause for hip fractures in the elderly is osteoporosis ... 20 in fractures of the neck of the femur, but much more rare with other types of hipfracture. The rate ... be redone, or changed to a total hip replacement . Mal positioning The fracture can be fixed and subsequently ... common after hipfracture as the circulation is stagnant and the blood is hypercoagulable as a response ... following a hipfracture. It usually clears completely, but the disorienting experience of pain ... more details
Other uses Mechanical failure modes Refimprove date September 2010 A fracture is the local separation ... fracture is often applied to bone s of living creatures that is, a bone fracture , or to crystal ... crystals fracture without the body actually separating into two or more pieces. Depending on the substance which is fractured, a fracture reduces strength of materials strength most substances ... of how fracture occurs in materials may be assisted by the study of fracture mechanics . Fracture ... br 1. Ultimate tensile strength br 2. Yield strength br 3. Proportional limit stress br 4. Fracture br 5. Offset strain typically 0.2 Fracture strength , also known as breaking strength , is the stress at which a specimen fails via fracture. ref name degarmo Citation last Degarmo first E. Paul ... recorded point is the fracture strength. Ductile materials have a fracture strength lower than the ultimate tensile strength UTS , whereas in brittle materials the fracture strength is equivalent ... 3 on curve B. Types Brittle fracture This section is linked from Ceramic Image Glass fracture.jpg right thumb 250px Brittle fracture in glass . Image Pedalarm Bruch.jpg right thumb 250px Fracture of an Aluminum Crank Arm. Bright Brittle fracture. Dark Fatigue fracture. In brittle fracture , no apparent plasticity physics plastic deformation takes place before fracture. In brittle crystalline materials, fracture can occur by cleavage crystal cleavage as the result of tensile stress acting normal ..., the lack of a crystalline structure results in a conchoidal fracture , with cracks proceeding normal .... Putting these two equations together, we get math sigma mathrm fracture sqrt frac E gamma rho 4 a r ... math a math both lower the fracture strength of the material. Recently, scientists have discovered supersonic fracture , the phenomenon of crack motion faster than the speed of sound in a material. Citation needed date February 2007 This phenomenon was recently also verified by experiment of fracture ... more details
fracture of the neck of the femur along their course . ref name Thieme Atlas 383 The hip has ...For other uses of the term, see hip disambiguation . Infobox Anatomy Name Hip anatomy Latin coxa GraySubject 92 GrayPage 333 Image Caption Image2 Hip.jpg Caption2 Bones of the hip System Precursor MeshName Hip MeshNumber A01.378.610.400 DorlandsPre h 12 DorlandsSuf 12422739 In vertebrate anatomy , hip or coxa ref name Diab 77 Latin coxa was used by Celsus in the sense hip , but by Pliny the Elder in the sense hip bone Diab, p 77 ref in medical terminology refer to either an anatomical region or a joint. The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region i.e. the buttock , inferior to the iliac ... MediLexicon ref In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint , scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint ... postures. The hip joints are the most important part in retaining balance. The pelvic inclination angle ... gesund.jpg thumb Radiograph of a healthy human hip joint Hip joint redirects here The hip joint ... is attached to the shaft by a thin neck region that is often prone to fracture in the elderly ... Hip transverse angle 000.svg 88 Hip sagittal angle 000.svg 140 Transverse and sagittal angles of acetabular ... Figure 2 in cite journal author Saikia KC, Bhuyan SK, Rongphar R title Anthropometric study of the hip ... rxS9EjeGhrMC&pg PA131 Page 131 in cite book author Whitehouse, Richard title Imaging of the hip & bony ... to the hip joint. Such changes, caused for example by a dislocation, changes the trabecula r patterns ... joint meander and criss cross each other down through the hip bone, the femoral head, neck, and shaft. In the hip bone, one system arises on the upper part of auricular surface to converge onto ... section above On the lateral side of the hip joint the fascia lata is strengthened to form the iliotibial ... part of the femur. ref name Thieme Atlas 367 Capsule Main article Capsule of hip joint The capsule attaches ... more details
at the neck of a metacarpal Pelvic fractureFracture of the hip bone Duverney fracture an isolated pelvic fracture involving only the Ilium bone iliac wing . Femoral fractureHipfracture anatomically a fracture of the femur bone and not the hip bone Patella fracture Crus fracture Tibia fracture Bumper ... or is very likely to fail. With some fractures such as hipfracture s usually caused by osteoporosis ...Infobox disease Name Bone fracture Image Broken fixed arm.jpg Caption Internal and external views of an arm with a compound fracture, both before and after surgery. DiseasesDB 4939 ICD10 http apps.who.int classifications icd10 browse 2010 en XIX S x 2 where x 0 9 depending on the location of the fracture ICD9 ICD9 829 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D050723 A bone fracture ... in the continuity of the bone . A bone fracture can be the result of high force Impact force impact or Stress fracture stress , or trivial injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . Although broken bone and bone break are common colloquialisms for a bone fracture, break is not a formal Orthopedic surgery orthopedic term. Classification ... they are named after the doctor who first described the fracture conditions. However, there are more ... that communicate with the fracture, or where fracture hematoma is exposed, and may thus expose bone to contamination . Open injuries carry a higher risk of infection . Other considerations in fracture care are displacement fracture gap and angulation. If angulation or Displacement orthopedic surgery ... orthopedic surgery displacement or angulation. Compression fracture s usually occurs in the vertebrae ... a medical condition which causes bones to become brittle and susceptible to fracture, with or without trauma . Other types of fracture are Complete fracture A fracture in which bone fragments separate ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Colles& 39 fracture Image Colles fracture.JPG Caption An X ray image of a fractured radius showing the characteristic Colles fracture with displacement and angulation of the distal ... 000002 eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 822 MeshID D003100 A Colles fracture , also Colles fracture , is a fracture bone fracture of the distal radius bone radius in the forearm with dorsal posterior displacement of the wrist and hand. The fracture is sometimes referred to as a dinner fork or bayonet ... radius fracture . Terminology The term Colles fracture is classically used to describe a fracture ... loosely to describe any fracture of the distal radius, with or without involvement of the ulna , that has dorsal displacement of the fracture fragments. Colles himself described it as a fracture ... and the base of metacarpus appears to be thrown backward . ref Colles A 2006 On the fracture ... 7. ref The classic Colles fracture has the following characteristics ref cite web last GP Notebook first authorlink coauthors title Colles fracture work publisher date url http www.gpnotebook.co.uk simplepage.cfm?ID 1584070660 format doi accessdate 2009 02 21 ref Transverse plane Transverse fracture ... orthopedic surgery displacement and angulation Causes The fracture is most commonly caused by people ... would lead to a Smith s fracture . It can also be caused by overuse. Orignally it was described ... dinner fork or bayonet like deformity. Colles fracture is a common fracture in people with osteoporosis , second only to vertebral bone fracture fractures . Diagnosis File Collesfracture.jpg thumb Colles fracture on X ray. File Bayonette p1000740.jpg thumb 150px right A severe Colles fracture ... Radial angulation of the wrist Dorsal displacement of the distal fragment Comminution at the fracture site Associated fracture of the ulnar styloid process in more than 60 of cases. Treatment Management depends on the severity of the fracture. An undisplaced fracture may be treated with a cast alone.The ... more details
wiktionary fracture A fracture is the local separation of a body into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress. Fracture may specifically refer to Bone fracture , a medical condition in which a bone is cracked or broken Fracture geology , a fracture within a geological formation Fracture mineralogy , a term in mineralogy describing the shape and texture of broken surfaces Fracture may also refer to Fracture Transformers , a fictional character. Fracture 2004 film Fracture 2004 film , a New Zealand film directed by Larry Parr Fracture 2007 film Fracture 2007 film , starring Anthony Hopkins and Ryan Gosling Fracture video game Fracture video game Fractures Family Stories , a book by Budge Wilson Fracture Fringe Fracture Fringe , a season 2 episode of the television series Fringe Fractures album Fractures album , an album by the American hardcore band Killing the Dream disambig ca Fractura de Fracture fr Fracture homonymie lv L zums ... more details
A femoral fracture is a bone fracture that involves the femur . It includes hipfracture s. Classification A femoral fracture that involves the femoral head , femoral neck or the shaft of the femur immediately below the lesser trochanter may be classified as a hipfracture , especially when associated with osteoporosis . Three types of femoral shaft fractures Type 1 Spiral or transverse Type 2 Comminuted Type 3 Open Femoral shaft fractures can be classified with the Winquist and Hansen classification, which is based on the amount of comminution ref http books.google.se books?id zSy FzCbWBkC&pg PA612 Page 612 in Title Surgical treatment of orthopaedic trauma. Authors James P. Stannard, Andrew H. Schmidt, Philip J. Kregor. Publisher Thieme, 2007. ISBN 1588903079, 9781588903075 ref Grade I or 1 transverse or short oblique fractures with no comminution or a small butterfly fragment of less than 25 of width of the bone Grade II or 2 a comminuted with a butterfly fragment of 50 or less of the width of the bone Grade III or 3 comminuted with a large butterfly fragment of greater than 50 of the width of bone Grade IV or 4 Segmental comminution Treatment Treatment depends on the part of the femur that is fractured. Traction may be useful for femoral shaft fractures but is contraindicated in femoral neck fractures. ref cite book author Tintinalli, Judith E. title Emergency Medicine A Comprehensive Study Guide Emergency Medicine Tintinalli publisher McGraw Hill Companies location New York year 2010 pages isbn 0 07 148480 9 oclc doi accessdate ref References reflist Fractures Category Bone fractures ru ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 A Transgranular fracture is a fracture that follows the edges of crystal structure lattice s in a granular material , ignoring the grain s in the individual lattices. This results in a fairly smooth looking fracture with less sharp edges than one that follows the changing grains. Transgranular fractures are similar to wooden jigsaw puzzle pieces with the grains showing, but with each piece having grains running in a different direction. An intergranular fracture follows the edges of the puzzle pieces, ignoring the grains in the wood. This is opposed to an intergranular fracture . DEFAULTSORT Transgranular Fracture Category Granular materials Category Fracture mechanics ... more details
Infobox disease Name Pelvic fracture Image Caption DiseasesDB 9739 ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 808 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 203 Pelvic fracture is a disruption of the bony structure of the pelvis , including the hip bone , sacrum and coccyx . The most common cause in elderly is a fall, but the most significant fractures involve high energy forces such as a motor vehicle accident , cycling accidents, or a fall from significant height. Diagnosis is made on the basis of history, clinical features and special investigations usually including X ray and Computed tomography CT . Because the pelvis cradles so many internal organs, pelvic fractures may produce significant internal bleeding which is invisible to the eye. Emergency treatment consists of Advanced Trauma Life Support advanced trauma life support management. After stabilisation, the pelvis may be surgically reconstructed. Pathophysiology The bony pelvis consists of the ilium i.e., iliac wings , ischium, and pubis, which form an anatomic ring with the sacrum. Disruption of this ring requires significant energy. Because of the forces involved, pelvic fractures frequently involve injury to organs contained within the bony pelvis. In addition, trauma to extra pelvic organs is common. Pelvic fractures are often associated with severe hemorrhage due to the extensive blood supply to the region. Pelvic fractures are most commonly described using one of two classification systems. The Tile classification system is based on the integrity of the posterior sacroiliac complex. In type A injuries, the sacroiliac complex is intact. The pelvic ring has a stable fracture that can be managed nonoperatively. Type B injuries are caused by either external or internal rotational forces resulting in partial disruption of the posterior ... posterior iliac crescent fracture on side of impact Grade III Associated contralateral sacroiliac joint injury One specific kind of pelvic fracture is known as an open book fracture. This is often ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Spinal fracture Image Caption ICD10 S 32 0 s 30 ICD10 S 32 1 s 30 ICD9 ICD9 805 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 248236 MeshID D016103 A spinal fracture or vertebral fracture is a fracture affecting the bones of the spinal column . They can affect the cervical vertebrae a cervical fracture , or other parts of the column. Fractures medicine stub Category Spinal cord disorders ru ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Calcaneal fracture Image Calcaneus Fracture.jpg Caption X ray of a fractured calcaneus. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 92 0 s 90 ICD9 ICD9 825.0 ICD9 825.2 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj radio eMedicineTopic 123 MeshID Calcaneal fracture , also known as Lover s fracture and Don Juan fracture , is a fracture bone fracture of the calcaneus . It is usually caused by a fall from height when one lands on his or her feet. These fractures represent approximately 2 of all fractures but 60 of tarsal bone fractures. ref Stoller DW, Tirman PFJ, Bredella M, et al. Ankle and foot, osseous ... 70 74. ref The name lover s fracture is derived from the fact that a lover may jump from great ... types, based on the location of the fracture at the posterior articular surface. Extrarticular ... fracture of the posterior subtalar joint surface. sup 3 sup The B hler s angle, or Tuber Angle .... An angle 20 suggests a depression of posterior facet and possible calcaneal fracture. Clinical Presentation ... to the sole of the foot is called Mondor Sign , and is pathognomonic for calcaneal fracture ... calcaneal fracture is suspected. Recommended x ray views are a axial, b anteroposterior, C oblique ... of a single intrarticular fracture that divides the calcaneus into 2 pieces. Type IIA fracture occurs on lateral aspect of calcaneus. Type IIB fracture occurs on central aspect of calcaneus. Type IIC fracture occurs on medial aspect of calcaneus. Type III fractures consist of two intrarticular fractures that divide the calcaneus into 3 articular pieces. Type IIIAB two fracture lines are present, one lateral and one central. Type IIIAC two fracture lines are present, one lateral and one medial. Type IIIBC two fracture lines are present, one central and one medial. Type IV fractures consist of fractures ... 3 weeks of fracture, before bone consolidation has occurred. Conservative surgery consists of closed ..., 2004 70 74. ref A trauma focused clinical approach should be implemented tibial, knee, femur, hip ... more details
unreferenced date July 2011 Fracture s of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the human pelvis pelvis . This is caused either by a blow on the side or by a blow in the front of the knee , usually in a dashboard injury when the femur also may be fractured. ref Solomon, APLEY S TRAUMA AND ORTHOPAEDICS, EIGHT EDITION, ref Patterns of fracture Tile s classification of acetabular fracture I Simple fracture, anterior wall anterior or posterior wall column II Transverse fracture III T Type fracture involving two columns IV Both columns fractures, floating acetabulum References Reflist Category Bone fractures medicine stub ... more details
dablink This article is about the terminology used to describe fracture surfaces. For fractures in rocks and minerals per se , see Fracture geology In the field of mineralogy , fracture is a term used to describe the shape and texture of the surface formed when a mineral is fracture fractured . Minerals often have a highly distinctive fracture, making it a principal feature used in their identification. Fracture differs from Cleavage crystal cleavage in that the latter involves clean splitting along the cleavage planes of the mineral s crystal structure , as opposed to more general breakage. All minerals exhibit fracture, but when very strong cleavage is present, it can be difficult to see. Terminology Conchoidal fracture Image ObsidianOregon.jpg thumb left 180px Obsidian Conchoidal fracture is a curved breakage that resembles the concentric ripples of a mussel shell. It often occurs in amorphous or fine grained minerals such as flint , opal or obsidian , but may also occur in crystalline minerals such as quartz . Subconchoidal fracture is similar to conchoidal fracture, but not as curved. br clear all Earthy fracture Image Limonite bog iron cm02.jpg thumb left 180px Limonite Earthy fracture is reminiscent of freshly broken soil . It is frequently seen in relatively soft, loosely bound minerals, such as limonite , kaolinite and aluminite . br clear all Hackly fracture Image Cuivre natif1 USA .jpg thumb left 180px Native copper Hackly fracture also known as jagged fracture is jagged, sharp and uneven. It occurs when metals are torn, and so is often encountered in native metal s such as Native copper copper and silver . br clear all Splintery fracture Image Chrysotile 1.jpg thumb left 180px Chrysotile Splintery fracture comprises sharp elongated points. It is particularly ... . br clear all Uneven fracture Image MagnetitaEZ.jpg thumb left 180px Magnetite Uneven fracture ... http www.galleries.com minerals property fracture.htm Mineral identification DEFAULTSORT Fracture ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Patella fracture Image Patella fracture.JPG Caption A vertical patella fracture with the fracture line marked by a black arrow. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 82 0 s 80 ICD9 ICD9 822 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 200 A patella fracture is a bone fracturefracture of the patella kneecap , which is one of the most common knee injuries. It is usually the result of a hard blow to the front of the knee . Treatment options for patella fracture include nonsurgical and surgical options, depending on the type of fracture. An undisplaced fracture of patella takes around 4 6 weeks of immobilization in a cast to heal, while a displaced fracture requires surgical treatment followed by quadriceps strengthening exercises for complete rehabilitation. Surgical Treatments Patellectomy is when the entire patella is removed ref cite web title Patellectomy publisher KNEEguru url http www.kneeguru.co.uk KNEEnotes patellectomy ref whereas a partial patellectomy is when only a portion of the patella is removed, while any ligaments or tendons that had been connected to the removed portion are connected to the remaining portion ref Based on my surgeon s report. ref . References reflist disease stub Fractures Category Bone fractures Category Injuries of knee and lower leg . de Patellafraktur ... more details
Infobox disease Name Smith s fracture ICD10 ICD10 S 52 5 s 50 ICD9 ICD9 813.41 A Smith s fracture , also sometimes known as a reverse Colles fracture is a fracture of the distal radius bone radius . ref Thomas, Clayton L., M.D., M.P.H. 1993 . Taber s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, Edition 18. F.A. Davis. ISBN 0 8036 0194 8. ref It is caused by a direct blow to the dorsal forearm ref cite book title First Aid Emergency Medicine author Stead, LG Stead, SM Kaufman, MS publisher McGraw Hill edition 2nd isbn 0 07 144873 X year 2006 ref or falling onto flexed wrists, as opposed to a Colles fracture which occurs as a result of falling onto wrists in extension. Smith s fractures are less common than Colles fractures. The distal fracture fragment is displaced volarly ventrally , as opposed to a Colles fracture which the fragment is displaced dorsally. Depending on the severity of the impact, there may be one or many fragments and it may or may not involve the articular surface of the wrist joint . Eponym This fracture is named after the orthopedic surgeon , Robert William Smith surgeon Robert William Smith 1807 1873 in his book A Treatise on Fractures in the Vicinity of Joints, and on certain forms of Accidents and Congenital Dislocations published in 1847. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2150 ref Treatment Treatment of this fracture depends on the severity of the fracture. An undisplaced fracture may be treated with a cast alone. A fracture with mild angulation and displacement may require closed reduction. Significant angulation and deformity may require an open reduction and internal fixation. An open fracture will always require surgical intervention. References reflist External links http gentili.net fracture.asp?ID 114 Radiograph of Smith s Fracture Fractures DEFAULTSORT Smith s Fracture Category Bone fractures Surgery stub pt Fratura de Smith ... more details
The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane of the leg interosseous membrane . There is an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep medial ligament of talocrural joint deltoid ligament . This type of injury can be difficult to detect. The Maisonneuve fracture is similar to the Galeazzi fracturefracture in the sense that there is an important ligamentous disruption in association with the fracture. The fracture is named after the surgeon Jules Germain Fran ois Maisonneuve . References Wilson, F. C. 2000 . Fractures of the ankle pathogenesis and treatment. http www.medscape.com viewpublication 137 toc?vol 9&iss 2 South Orthop Assoc. Summer. 9 2 105 15 . Thordarson, D. B. 1999 . Detecting and Treating Common Foot and Ankle Fractures Part 1 The Ankle and Hindfoot. http www.physsportsmed.com issues 1996 09 96 thordar.htm The Physician and Sportsmedicine. 24 9. Sept 9. . External links http rad.usuhs.edu medpix topic display.html?mode single&recnum 6626 images Images MedPix on Maisonneuve fracture fractures Category Bone fractures disease stub musculoskeletal stub de Maisonneuve Fraktur es Fractura de Maisonneuve ... more details
about fifth metatarsal diaphysis fracture fifth metatarsal tuberosity fracture Pseudo Jones fracture Infobox disease Name Jones fracture ICD10 ICD10 S 92 3 s 90 ICD9 ICD9 825.25 , ICD9 825.35 ICDO Image ... DiseasesDB Image Jonesfracture.jpg thumb Jones fracture X ray. File JonesFracture1.png thumb Jones fracture X ray, where the bone has been broken in three places and has become dislodged. A Jones fracture is a Fracture bone fracture of the diaphysis of the fifth metatarsal of the foot . The fifth metatarsal ... fracture occurs, is in the midportion of the foot. Patients who sustain a Jones fracture have pain over this area, Swelling medical swelling , and difficulty walking. The fracture was first described ... journal last Jones first Robert date year 1902 month Jun day title I. Fracture of the Base of the Fifth ... 2009 10 24 ref Diagnosis A patient with a Jones fracture may not realize that it is a fracture, and could ... flexion. Treatment If a Jones fracture is not significantly displaced, it can be treated with a Cast ... heal. In the case of acute fracture in an athlete, a dynamic compression plate can be placed on the tension side of the fracture, K Wire with Monofiament wire in a figure 8 fashion due to the nature of a transverse fracture. Internal fixation with cortical or cancellous screw would require an oblique fracture that could be addressed through The rule of 2 s in regards to Internal fixation with screws ... at 90 degrees to the metatarsal axis for the fracture due to avulsion pull by the peroneus brevis .... Prognosis If a Jones fracture fails to unite malunion or non union , which is a common problem ... fracture often does not heal. The diaphyseal bone, where the fracture occurs, is an area of poor ... tertius, and two small muscles attached to the bone. These may pull the fracture apart and prevent ..., although they are not as severe as a Jones fracture. If the fracture enters the intermetatarsal joint, it is a Jones fracture. If, however, it enters the tarsometarsal joint, then it is an avulsion fracture ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An intergranular fracture is a fracture that follows the grain s of the material. If the material has multiple crystal structure lattice organizations, when one lattice ends and another begins, the fracture changes direction to follow the new grain. This results in a fairly jagged looking fracture with bumpy edges. Intergranular fractures are cracks that take place along the grain boundary of a material. Straight edges of the grain and shiny surface may be seen. There are several processes that can lead to intergranular fracture. Microvoid nucleation and coalescence at inclusions or second phase particles located along grain boundaries Grain boundary crack and cavity formation associated with elevated temperature stress rupture condition. Decohesion between contiguous grain due to presence of impurity at grain boundaries and in the presence of hydrogen and liquid metals. Stress corrosion cracking associated with chemical dissolution along grain boundaries. Cyclic loading when the material insufficient number of independent slip systems to accommodate plastic deformation between contiguous grain leading to grain boundaries. Think of several wooden jigsaw puzzle pieces with the grains showing, but with each piece having grains running in a different direction. A Transgranular fracture follows the grains in the wood, not the edges of the puzzle pieces This is opposed to a Transgranular fracture . See also Intergranular corrosion DEFAULTSORT Intergranular Fracture Category Granular materials Category Fracture mechanics ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 52 5 s 50 ICD9 ICD9 813.4 ICD9 813.5 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A Barton s fracture is an intra articular bone fracture fracture of the distal radius with dislocation of the radiocarpal joint . There exist two types of Barton s fracture dorsal ref http www.wheelessonline.com ortho dorsal bartons fracture dorsal shearing frx Dorsal Barton s Fracture Dorsal Shearing Frx Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics Bot generated title ref and palmar, the latter being more common. The Barton s fracture is caused by a fall on an extended and pronated wrist increasing carpal compression force on the dorsal rim. Carpal displacement distinguishes this fracture from a Smith s fracture Smith s or a Colles fracture . Treatment of this fracture is usually done by open reduction and internal fixation with a plate and screws, but occasionally the fracture can be treated conservatively. Eponym It is named after John Rhea Barton 1794 1871 , an American surgeon who first described this in 1838. ref WhoNamedIt synd 2821 ref ref J. R. Barton. Views and treatment of an important injury of the wrist. Medical Examiner, Philadelphia, 1838, 1 365 368. ref References references External links http www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk photoalbum ph161.htm Chorus 01217 http gentili.net fracture.asp?ID 152 Radiographs of Barton s Fracture medicine stub Fractures Category Bone fractures ... more details
An ankle fracture is a break of the ankle bone s. It is typically diagnosed by X ray. Treatment is with either casting or surgery. Signs and symptoms Symptom s of an ankle fracture bone fracture can be similar to those of ankle sprain s pain , though typically they are often more severe by comparison. It is exceedingly rare for the ankle joint to dislocate in the presence of ligamentous injury alone. However, in the setting of an ankle fracture the talus can become unstable and Subluxation subluxate or Joint dislocation dislocate . Patients may complain of ecchymosis brusing , or there may be an abnormal position, abnormal motion, or lack of motion. Diagnosis Evaluation On clinical examination , it is important to evaluate the exact location of the pain, the range of motion and the condition ... be an associated fracture proximally Maisonneuve fracture , and to palpate the sole of the foot to look for a Jones fracture at the base of fifth metatarsal avulsion fracture . Evaluation of ankle injuries for fracture is done with the Ottawa ankle rules , a set of rules that were developed to minimize ... On X rays, there can be a fracture of the medial malleolus , the lateral malleolus , or of the anterior ... malleoli are broken, this is called a bimalleolar fracture some of them are called Pott s fracture s . If the posterior malleolus is also fractured, this is called a trimalleolar fracture . gallery File TriplanefractureXa.png A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on plain Xray File TriplanefractureCT2.png A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on CT File TriplanefractureCT1.png thumb A triplane fracture of the ankle as seen on CT gallery Classification There are several classification ... . The Danis Weber system classifies an ankle fracture by the level of the fracture of the distal ... form of type C fracture is the Maisonneuve fracture , which involves a fracture of the fibula ... joint. Certain fracture patterns are deemed stable, and may be treated similar to ankle sprains ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In structural engineering and material science , fast fracture is a term given to a phenomenon in which a wiktionary flaw flaw such as a crack in a material expands quickly, and leads to catastrophic failure of the material. Stress physics Stress acting on a material when fast fracture occurs is less than the material s Yield engineering yield stress . A very representative example of this is what happens when poking a blown up balloon with a needle, that is, fast fracture of the balloon s material. See also Yield engineering Plastic collapse Indentation engineering DEFAULTSORT Fast Fracture Category Construction terminology Tech stub ... more details
Merge to List of Decepticons date July 2011 Transformers character name Fracture japanname image fracture movietoy.jpg caption Fracture toy affiliation Decepticon subgroup Deluxe Vehicles, List of female Transformers Female Transformers rank function partner motto alternatemodes Formula 1 race car series Transformers film Transformers voiceby Fracture is a fictional character from the Transformers universes . She is inspired by the Gobots character Crasher. She is sometimes called Decepticon Fracture for trademark purposes. Transformers Though not part of the Transformers film live action Transformers film , Fracture is featured as part of the toy line and associated comics. ref http www.oafe.net yo tfm frac.php ref Dedicated to Megatron and the Decepticon cause, Fracture is a dangerous enemy. She is totally fearless, and probably a little bit crazy, as she dives directly into any battle, regardless of the odds. Although she carries a powerful negative energy blaster, she prefers to use the seismic energy dischargers on her feet to smash the surrounding earth to pieces. Any battlefield on which she walks shudders with the force of her steps. ref http www.hasbro.com transformers default.cfm?page News Item&newsid 950171CF D56F E112 41602F3A7E919719 Hasbro.com Decepticon Fracture ref IDW Publishing image fracture idw.jpg left thumb Fracture in the IDW comics Fracture is among the Decepticons ... in Italy and assumed the form for a Formula One race car. In issue 4 Fracture is hunted down by Ironhide ... her. Note In the IDW comics Fracture was given a more alien styling to make her fit in more with the movie ... where Megatron won the battle for the Allspark are in italics . Fracture appears in issue 17 of the Titan ... Fracture 2008 A Walmart exclusive black white redeco of Classics Deluxe Mirage Transformers Mirage ... n F1 race team. ref http www.tfw2005.com resources movie decepticons 181 decepticon fracture 1810 TFW2005.com Decepticon Fracture ref References reflist Category Decepticons Category Female Transformers ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Communitive midshaft humeral fracture callus.jpg Caption Comminuted midshaft humerus fracture with callus formation. DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 S 42 2 s 40 ICD10 S 42 4 s 40 ICD9 ICD9 812 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj emerg eMedicineTopic 199 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 orthoped 271 eMedicine2 orthoped 199 MeshID A humerus fracture can be classified by the location of the humerus involved the upper end, the shaft, or the lower end. Certain lesions are commonly associated with fracture s to specific areas of the humerus. At the upper end, the surgical neck of the humerus ref cite web url http www.wheelessonline.com ortho surgical neck fractures of the humerus title Surgical Neck Fractures of the Humerus Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics accessdate 2007 08 16 format work ref and anatomical neck of humerus ref cite web url http www.wheelessonline.com ortho anatomic neck fracture of humerus title Anatomic Neck Fracture of Humerus Wheeless Textbook of Orthopaedics accessdate 2007 08 16 format work ref can both be involved, though fractures of the surgical neck are more common. The axillary nerve can be damaged in fractures of this type. Mid shaft fractures may damage the radial nerve , which traverses the lateral aspect of the humerus closely associated with the radial groove . The median nerve is vulnerable to damage in the supracondylar area, and the ulnar nerve is vulnerable near the medial epicondyle of the humerus medial epicondyle , around which it curves to enter the forearm. gallery File GreatertrochanerAP.png A fracture of the greater tuberosity as seen on AP X ray File GreatertrochanerY.png A fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus File FractureTrochanter.png Fracture of the greater tuberosity of the humerus File Proxhumerousfrac.png Proximal humerus fracture gallery See also Supracondylar fracture Holstein Lewis fracture References references External links http www.patient.co.uk showdoc 40024961 Fractures Category ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2009 Supersonic fractures are fracture s where the fracture velocity moves faster than the speed of sound in the material. This phenomenon was first discovered by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart Markus J. Buehler and Huajian Gao and IBM Almaden Research Center in San Jose, California Farid F. Abraham . The issues of transonic speed intersonic and supersonic fracture become the frontier of dynamic fracture mechanics . The work of Burridge initiated the exploration for intersonic crack growth when the crack tip velocity V is between the shear in wave speed C 8 and the longitudinal wave speed C 1. See also Characteristic energy length scale Category Fracture mechanics Physics stub ... more details
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