Image Diagram human cell nucleus.svg thumb 350px The nucleus of a human cell showing the location of heterochromatinHeterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA , which comes in different varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin . Both play a role in the gene expression expression of genes , where constitutive heterochromatin can affect the genes near them position effect variegation and where facultative heterochromatin ... interfering RNA siRNA through RNA interference Transcriptional silencing RNAi . Constitutive heterochromatin ... heterochromatin is not repetitive and although it shares the compact structure of constitutive heterochromatin, facultative heterochromatin can, under specific developmental or environmental signaling ... 10.1038 nrm2238 ref Heterochromatin is often associated with the di and tri methylation of H3K9 ... Zhao ref Structure Chromatin is found in two varieties euchromatin and heterochromatin. ref cite journal author Elgin, S.C. title Heterochromatin and gene regulation in Drosophila year 1996 journal ... is less intense, while heterochromatin stains intensely, indicating tighter packing. Heterochromatin is usually localized to the periphery of the Cell nucleus nucleus . Heterochromatin mainly ..., A.R., et al. title Mapping Simple Repeated DNA Sequences in Heterochromatin of Drosophila Melanogaster ... cite journal author Lu, B.Y., et al. date June 1, 2000 title Heterochromatin protein 1 is required for the normal expression of two heterochromatin genes in Drosophila journal Genetics journal Genetics ... body of the second, inactivated X chromosome X chromosome in a female. Function Heterochromatin ... of chromosomes ref cite journal quotes author Grewal SIS & Jia S year 2007 month January title Heterochromatin ... sense only in the context of the regulatory control of genes, we propose that heterochromatin, which ... of heterochromatin will shed light on the processes of gene and chromosome regulation. doi 10.1038 ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Constitutive heterochromatin domains are sections of DNA that occur throughout the chromosomes of eukaryotes , but particularly at the centromere s and telomere s. They often consist of very highly condensed, repetitive DNA and are largely transcriptionally silent. These regions normally appear darkly stained in karyogram s. Unlike facultative heterochromatin , constitutive heterochromatin is never converted back into euchromatin. The regions of DNA that exist as constitutive heterochromatin will be the same for all cells of a given species . Constituitive heterochromatin is stained specifically with the C banding technique. DEFAULTSORT Constitutive Heterochromatin Category DNA Genetics stub ... more details
The family of Heterochromatin Protein 1 HP1 Chromobox Homolog , CBX are highly conserved adapter ... by heterochromatin formation, Transcription genetics transcriptional activation, regulation of binding ... arrest, maintenance of heterochromatin integrity, gene repression at single nucleosome level and gene repression by heterochromatization of euchromatin . HP1 protein s are fundamental units of heterochromatin ... protein associated with heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster and its gene journal Mol ...., Elgin, S.C.R. year 1990 title Mutation in a heterochromatin specific chromosomal protein is associated ... in a Drosophila heterochromatin protein is conserved in animals and plants journal Nucleic Acids Res ... of both pericentric and telomeric heterochromatin . ref cite journal author Aagaard L, Laible ... centromere associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31 journal EMBO J ... title A mammalian homologue of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 is a component of constitutive heterochromatin journal Cytogenet. Cell Genet. year 1994 volume 66 issue 2 pages 99 103 pmid 8287692 ... S, Parenteau J, Agarwal M, Worman HJ, Wellinger RJ, Pandita TK. title Human Heterochromatin Protein ... is a dosage dependent modifier of pericentric heterochromatin induced silencing ref cite journal author ..., Singh P title Heterochromatin protein 1 modifies mammalian PEV in a dose and chromosomal context dependent ... , and the origin recognition complex protein ORC2 See also Epigenetics Heterochromatin References reflist ... Category Epigenetics de Heterochromatin Protein 1 ... more details
CBX may refer to CBX AM , a radio station 740 AM licensed to Edmonton, Alberta, Canada CBX FM , a radio station 90.9 FM licensed to Edmonton, Alberta, Canada the Honda CBX series of motorcycles the family of Heterochromatin Protein 1 or Chromobox Homolog or short Heterochromatin Protein 1 CBX , in molecular biology disambig DEFAULTSORT Cbx Category Broadcast call sign disambiguation pages fr CBX it CBX ja CBX ... more details
HP1 may refer to Heterochromatin Protein 1 , an important marker molecule in epigenetic research Harry Potter and the Philosopher s Stone , the first novel in J.K. Rowling s Harry Potter series The postal code for part of Hemel Hempstead in Dacorum, see HP postcode area Letter NumberCombDisambig de HP1 ... more details
M33 is a gene . ref name Wang1997 cite doi 10.1159 000134626 ref It is a mammalian homologue of Drosophila Polycomb . ref name Wang1997 It localises to euchromatin within interphase nuclei but is enriched within the centromeric heterochromatin of metaphase chromosomes. ref name Wang1997 References reflist Category genes ... more details
results in abnormal heterochromatin organization and formation of the chromosome centromere ... pages 137 46 year 2003 pmid 12733640 doi 10.1023 A 1022815931524 ref The maintenance of heterochromatin ... complexes stably bind the methylated histones of a heterochromatin region and induce co transcriptional ... component of a self enforcing loop coupling heterochromatin assembly to siRNA production ... pnas.0407641102 pmc 544066 ref Heterochromatin formation, but possibly not maintenance, is dependent ... s is not clear, as some evidence suggests that heterochromatin maintenance in mammalian cells ... F, Koyama N, Nishida H, Haraguchi T, Reith W, Tsukamoto T title The assembly and maintenance of heterochromatin ... more details
between euchromatin and heterochromatin in Drosophila . Genes Dev 18 2973 83. PMID 15574598 Eissenberg, J. C., G. D. Morris, G. Reuter, and T. Hartnett. 1992. The heterochromatin associated protein ... domain proteins modulate chromatin domains in eu and heterochromatin . Cell Mol Life Sci 54 80 93. PMID ... more details
The mating type region is a specialized region in the genome s of some yeast and other fungi , usually organized into heterochromatin and possessing unique histone methylation patterns. The gene s in this region regulate the mating type of the organism and therefore determine key events in its biological life cycle life cycle , such as whether it will reproduce sexual reproduction sexually or asexual reproduction asexually . In fission yeast such as S. pombe , the formation and maintenance of the heterochromatin organization is regulated by RNA induced transcriptional silencing , a form of RNA interference responsible for genomic maintenance in many organisms. ref name Noma Noma K, Sugiyama T, Cam H, Verdel A, Zofall M, Jia S, Moazed D, Grewal S 2004 . RITS acts in cis to promote RNA interference mediated transcriptional and post transcriptional silencing . Nat Genet 36 11 1174 80. DOI 10.1038 ng1452 PMID 15475954 ref Mating type regions have also been well studied in budding yeast S. cerevisiae and in the fungus Neurospora crassa . ref name Staben Staben C, Yanofsky C. 1990 . Neurospora crassa a mating type region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 13 4917 21. PMID 2142304 ref See also Mating of yeast References references Category Molecular genetics Category Mycology Category Sex cell biology stub ... more details
wiktionary facultative Facultative means optional or discretionary antonym obligate , used mainly in biology in phrases such as Facultative anaerobe , an organism that can use oxygen but also has anaerobic methods of energy production Facultative biped , an animal that is capable of walking or running on two legs as well as walking or running on four limbs or more, as appropriate Facultative carnivore , a carnivore that does not depend solely on animal flesh for food but also can subsist on non animal food. Compare this with the term omnivore Facultative heterochromatin , tightly packed but non repetitive DNA in the form of Heterochromatin , but which can lose its condensed structure and become Transcription genetics transcriptionally active Facultative lagoon , a type of stabilization pond used in biological treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater Facultative parasite , a parasite that can complete its life cycle without depending on a host Facultative photoperiodic plant , a plant that will eventually flower regardless of night length but is more likely to flower under appropriate light conditions See also antonym Obligate Category Biology terminology ... more details
Position effect is the effect on the Gene expression expression of a gene when its location in a chromosome is changed, often by Chromosomal translocation translocation . This has been well described in Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila with respect to eye color and is known as position effect variegation PEV . ref cite journal author Weiler K, Wakimoto B title Heterochromatin and gene expression in Drosophila journal Annu Rev Genet volume 29 issue 1 pages 577 605 year 1995 pmid 8825487 doi 10.1146 annurev.ge.29.120195.003045 ref The phenotype is well characterised by unstable expression of a gene that results in the red eye coloration. In the mutant flies the eyes typically have a mottled appearance of white and red Mosaic genetics sectors . These phenotypes are often due to a chromosomal translocation such that the color gene is now close to a region of heterochromatin . The heterochromatin can spread stochastically and switch off the color gene resulting in the white eye sectors. Position effect is also used to describe the variation of expression exhibited by identical transgene s that insert into different regions of a genome . In this case the difference in expression is often due to Enhancer genetics enhancers that regulate neighboring genes. These local enhancers can also effect the expression pattern of the transgene. Since each Genetically modified organism transgenic organism has the transgene in a different location each transgenic organism has the potential for a unique expression pattern. References references External links cite book chapter Figure 4 45. Position effects on gene expression in two different eucaryotic organisms chapterurl http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4.figgrp.665 author Alberts, Bruce title Molecular biology of the cell publisher Garland Science location New York year 2002 isbn 0 8153 4072 9 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov books bv.fcgi?rid mboc4 edition 4th Category Genetics Category Epigenetics it Effetto posizione ... more details
Infobox protein family Symbol Chromo shadow Name Chromo shadow domain image PDB 1s4z EBI.jpg width caption hp1 chromo shadow domain in complex with pxvxl motif of caf 1 Pfam PF01393 Pfam clan CL0049 InterPro IPR008251 SMART PROSITE MEROPS SCOP 1e0b TCDB OPM family OPM protein CAZy CDD In molecular biology, the chromo shadow domain is a protein domain which is distantly related to the chromodomain . It is always found in association with a chromodomain. ref name pmid7667093 cite journal author Aasland R, Stewart AF title The chromo shadow domain, a second chromo domain in heterochromatin binding protein 1, HP1 journal Nucleic Acids Res. volume 23 issue 16 pages 3168 73 year 1995 month August pmid 7667093 pmc 307174 doi 10.1093 nar 23.16.3168 url ref Proteins containing a chromo shadow domain include Drosophila and Homo sapiens human heterochromatin protein Su var 205 HP1 and mammalia n modifier 1 and modifier 2. Chromoshadow domains self aggregate, bringing together the nucleosomes to which their proteins are bound and thus condense the chromatin region they are associated with. Condensed chromatin is not able to be Transcription genetics transcribed as the transcription factors and enzymes are not able to access to DNA sequence in this form. Hence chromoshadow domain containing proteins repress gene transcription. ref name pmid12565857 cite journal author Yamamoto K, Sonoda M title Self interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is required for direct binding to histone methyltransferase, SUV39H1. journal Biochem Biophys Res Commun year 2003 volume 301 issue 2 pages 287 92 pmid 12565857 doi 10.1016 S0006 291X 02 03021 8 pmc url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez eutils elink.fcgi?dbfrom pubmed&tool sumsearch.org cite&retmode ref&cmd prlinks&id 12565857 ref References reflist InterPro content IPR008251 Category Protein domains ... more details
PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 is localized at heterochromatin sites, where it mediates gene silencing. supplied by OMIM ref name ... P, Losson R year 2001 month Apr. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction ... 3 9 encode centromere associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31 journal ... quote pmc 1171278 ref See also Heterochromatin protein 1 References reflist Further reading refbegin ... associated proteins which complex with the heterochromatin component M31 journal EMBO J. volume 18 ... B title Heterochromatin dynamics in mouse cells interaction between chromatin assembly factor 1 and HP1 ... of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family and histone deacetylation are differentially involved ... T, Allis CD, Eissenberg JC title Heterochromatin protein 1 binds to nucleosomes and DNA in vitro journal ... author Nielsen AL, Oulad Abdelghani M, Ortiz JA, et al. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian ... Scholzen T, Endl E, Wohlenberg C, et al. title The Ki 67 protein interacts with members of the heterochromatin ... Hwang KK, Worman HJ title Gene regulation by human orthologs of Drosophila heterochromatin protein ..., interacts with heterochromatin protein 1 journal J. Cell. Sci. volume 115 issue Pt 23 pages ... SN, Hiragami K, et al. title Modulation of heterochromatin protein 1 dynamics in primary Mammalian ... more details
envelope, the nuclear lamina and heterochromatin are adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The protein encoded by this gene binds DNA and is a component of heterochromatin. This protein also can bind ... functions of the encoded protein may explain the association of heterochromatin with the inner nuclear ... Maita H, Taira T, Ariga H, Iguchi Ariga S M year 2000 month Feb. title Identification of heterochromatin ... month Apr. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between histones and HP1 ... doi 10.1016 S1097 2765 01 00218 0 ref and CBX1 . ref name pmid11336697 See also Heterochromatin protein ... Identification of Essential Conserved Motifs and Involvement of Heterochromatin Protein HP1 ... for Kr ppel Associated Box Zinc Finger Proteins in Heterochromatin Mediated Gene Silencing journal ... Interaction with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family and histone deacetylation ... cite journal author Koike N, Maita H, Taira T, et al. title Identification of heterochromatin protein ... title HP1gamma associates with euchromatin and heterochromatin in mammalian nuclei and chromosomes journal ... JA, et al. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between histones and HP1 ... interacts with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family a potential role in the regulation ... orthologs of Drosophila heterochromatin protein 1 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 293 ... AJ, Jenuwein T, et al. title Maintenance of stable heterochromatin domains by dynamic HP1 binding ... more details
euchromatin is necessarily transcribed, but in general that which is not is transformed into heterochromatin ... that the cell uses transformation from euchromatin into heterochromatin as a method of controlling ... more details
in heterochromatin . ref cite journal author Sandmeyer SB, Hansen LJ, Chalker DL title Integration ... the biology of the telomere and heterochromatin. The Ty5 retrotransposon is used as a genetic model to study the architecture and dynamics of the telomeres and heterochromatin. ref cite journal ... month December pmid 8972872 pmc 146320 doi 10.1093 nar 24.23.4825 ref Yeast heterochromatin and Ty5. Heterochromatin in S. cerevisiae is composed of a wide array of proteins and plays several roles. The first stage of heterochromatin formation requires DNA binding proteins, which interact with specific ... initiation of transcription. The first known step in the formation of dedicated heterochromatin is the binding ... the core of heterochromatin. ref cite journal author Rine J, Herskowitz I title Four genes responsible ..., further condensing the heterochromatin. Sir1p plays a role in the initiation of silencing at the HM ... role of the Sir proteins in heterochromatin formation, they were initially considered as potential targeting ... enzyme, it was speculated to contain a component that would recognize heterochromatin. The C terminus ... more details
In chromatin , those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed, are classified as non histone proteins . Scaffold protein Scaffold proteins , DNA polymerase , Heterochromatin Protein 1 and Polycomb group proteins Polycomb are common non histone proteins. This classification group also includes numerous other structural, regulatory, and motor proteins. See also Chromatin Cohesin Condensin Sources cite book last Hartwell first Leland coauthors L. Hood, M. Goldberg, A. Reynolds, L. Silver, R. Veres title Genetics From Genes to Genomes publisher McGraw Hill date 2004 location New York, NY pages 417 422 url http highered.mcgraw hill.com sites 0072919302 information center view0 isbn 0 07 246248 5 Category Epigenetics Category Genetics fr Prot ine non histone ... more details
. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 is a methyl lysine binding protein localized at heterochromatin sites, where it mediates .... title Association of class II histone deacetylases with heterochromatin protein 1 potential role .... title Human Ku70 interacts with heterochromatin protein 1alpha journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 276 issue ... between the chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 and the heterochromatin associated protein HP1alpha .... title Cell differentiation induces TIF1beta association with centromeric heterochromatin via an HP1 ... 2001 month Apr. title Heterochromatin formation in mammalian cells interaction between histones and HP1 ... for targeting heterochromatin protein 1 mediated gene silencing direct chromoshadow domain ... directs DNA methylation to major satellite repeats at pericentric heterochromatin journal Curr ... laydate quote ref ref name pmid12242305 See also Heterochromatin protein 1 References reflist ..., Goebl M, et al. title Molecular cloning of a human homologue of Drosophila heterochromatin protein ... Y, Himeno M title Human homolog of Drosophila heterochromatin associated protein 1 HP1 is a DNA binding ... identification of essential conserved motifs and involvement of heterochromatin protein HP1. journal ..., Verreault A, Laue E, Stillman B title Heterochromatin dynamics in mouse cells interaction between ..., et al. title Interaction with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 HP1 family and histone deacetylation ... 1171701 cite journal author Zhao T, Heyduk T, Allis CD, Eissenberg JC title Heterochromatin protein ... DW, Rauscher FJ title Molecular determinants for targeting heterochromatin protein 1 mediated gene ... pmc 86120 cite journal author Song K, Jung Y, Jung D, Lee I title Human Ku70 interacts with heterochromatin ... 10.1038 35065138 cite journal author Nielsen AL, Oulad Abdelghani M, Ortiz JA, et al. title Heterochromatin ... author Scholzen T, Endl E, Wohlenberg C, et al. title The Ki 67 protein interacts with members of the heterochromatin ... more details
. title RNAi mediated targeting of heterochromatin by the RITS complex journal Science volume 303 issue .... year 2008 chapter Heterochromatin Assembly and Transcriptional Gene Silencing under the Control of Nuclear ... more details
Taxobox name Taurus ground squirrel image status status system iucn3.1 status ref regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Mammalia ordo Rodent ia familia Sciuridae genus Spermophilus species S. taurensis binomial Spermophilus taurensis binomial authority G nd z et al. 2007 synonyms Spermophilus torosensis small Ozkurt et al. 2007 small The Taurus ground squirrel Spermophilus taurensis is a species of rodent in the Sciuridae family. It is Endemism endemic to the Taurus Mountains of Turkey . It was first identified as a distinct species to the Asia Minor ground squirrel in 2007. ref http www.sciencedirect.com science? ob ArticleURL& udi B6WNH 4N56BSG 1& user 10& rdoc 1& fmt & orig search& sort d& docanchor &view c& searchStrId 1146069794& rerunOrigin google& acct C000050221& version 1& urlVersion 0& userid 10&md5 eba7a783d6f08d11e6e37522b144d99f Multigenic and morphometric differentiation of ground squirrels Spermophilus, Sciuridae, Rodentia in Turkey, with a description of a new species , ScienceDirect ref References Reflist http journals.tubitak.gov.tr havuz zoo 0810 5.pdf Heterochromatin distribution and nucleolar organizer regions NORs in chromosomes of the Taurus ground squirrel, Spermophilus taurensis Gunduz et al ., 2007 Mammalia Rodentia , in Turkey , Turk J Zool S. Xerinae2 nav Category Ground squirrels es Spermophilus taurensis ... more details
in St. Louis . Her lab isolated and characterized Heterochromatin Protein 1 in Drosophila ref cite journal title Identification of a nonhistone chromosomal protein associated with heterochromatin ... gene is inserted into heterochromatin heterochromatic environments, the fly eyes display a vareigating ... Pericentric Heterochromatin journal Mol Cell Biol date 2001 April first FL last Sun coauthors ... more details
Satellite DNA consists of very large arrays of tandemly arrayed genes tandemly repeating, non coding DNA . Satellite DNA is the main component of functional centromeres , and form the main structural constituent of heterochromatin . ref cite book author Knight, Julian C. title Human Genetic Diversity Functional Consequences for Health and Disease publisher Oxford University Press year 2009 isbn 9780199227693 page 167 url http books.google.com books?id NSLeurRJWsIC&pg PA167 ref ref DorlandsDict three 000031999 satellite DNA ref The name satellite DNA refers to how repetitions of a short DNA sequence tend to produce a different frequency of the nucleotides adenine , cytosine , guanine and thymine , and thus have a different density from bulk DNA such that they form a second or satellite band when genomic DNA is separated on a Density Gradient density gradient . citation needed date January 2011 Types of satellite DNA Satellite DNA, together with minisatellite and Microsatellite genetics microsatellite DNA, constitute the tandem repeats . citation needed date January 2011 Some types of satellite DNA in humans are class wikitable Type Size of repeat unit bp Location alphoid DNA 171 All chromosomes 68 Centromeres of chromosomes 1, 9, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22 and Y Satellite 1 25 48 Centromeres and other regions in heterochromatin of most chromosomes Satellite 2 5 Most chromosomes Satellite 3 5 Most chromosomes Length A repeated DNA motif pattern can be between 1 base pair long a mononucleotide repeat to several thousand base pairs long, and the total size of a satellite DNA block can be several megabases without interruption. Most satellite DNA is localized to the telomeric or the centromeric region of the chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of the repeats is fairly well conserved across a species. However, variation in the length of the repeat is common. For example, minisatellite DNA is a short region 1 5kb of 20 50 repeats. The difference in how many of the repeats is p ... more details
PBB geneid 50809 Heterochromatin protein 1, binding protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HP1BP3 gene . ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene heterochromatin protein 1, binding protein 3 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?db gene&cmd retrieve&list uids 50809 accessdate 2011 08 30 ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Rose JE, Behm FM, Drgon T, et al. title Personalized smoking cessation interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit success genotype score. journal Mol. Med. volume 16 issue 7 8 pages 247 53 year pmid 20379614 doi 10.2119 molmed.2009.00159 pmc 2896464 cite journal author Ouyang J, Shi Y, Valin A, et al. title Direct binding of CoREST1 to SUMO 2 3 contributes to gene specific repression by the LSD1 CoREST1 HDAC complex. journal Mol. Cell volume 34 issue 2 pages 145 54 year 2009 pmid 19394292 doi 10.1016 j.molcel.2009.03.013 cite journal author Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. title Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full length human cDNAs. journal Nat. Genet. volume 36 issue 1 pages 40 5 year 2004 pmid 14702039 doi 10.1038 ng1285 cite journal author Martins de Souza D, Gattaz WF, Schmitt A, et al. title Prefrontal cortex shotgun proteome analysis reveals altered calcium homeostasis and immune system imbalance in schizophrenia. journal Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci volume 259 issue 3 pages 151 63 year 2009 pmid 19165527 doi 10.1007 s00406 008 0847 2 cite journal author Flachsbart F, Franke A, Kleindorp R, et al. title Investigation of genetic susceptibility factors for human longevity a targeted nonsynonymous SNP study. journal Mutat. Res. volume 694 issue 1 2 pages 13 9 year 2010 pmid 20800603 doi 10.1016 j.mrfmmm.2010.08.006 cite journal author Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. title Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full length human and mouse cDNA sequences. journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 99 issue 26 pages 16899 ... more details
BLP sources date August 2008 Roy Britten born 1919 is an American molecular biologist known for his discovery of repeated DNA sequences in genomes of eukaryotic organisms, based on the work of Bill H. Hoyer , Brian J. McCarthy , and Ellis T. Bolton . ref http profiles.nlm.nih.gov BB G D S V bbgdsv.pdf Letter from Roy Britten to Joshua Lederberg, 11 1 1968 ref Roy Britten was born in Washington, D.C. . He went to the University of Virginia to study physics , worked on the Manhattan Project during World War II and received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1951. Britten attended the phage course at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and started working on DNA hybridization . Through this work, he showed that eukaryotic genomes have many repetitive, non coding DNA sequences, formerly known as junk DNA , but now known to have many heterochromatin functional elements in organisms. Britten has been at the California Institute of Technology Caltech for many years. He was a Visiting Associate at from 1971 73, a Senior Research Associate at Caltech from 1973 81 and Distinguished Carnegie Senior Research Associate from 1981 99. In 1999 he became Distinguished Carnegie Senior Research Associate in Biology, Emeritus at caltech. References references http www.dnaftb.org dnaftb concept 31 con31bio.html bio Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Britten, Roy John ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1919 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Britten, Roy John Category 1919 births Category Living people Category Molecular biologists Category Evolutionary biologists Category American geneticists Category California Institute of Technology faculty Category Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences US academic scientist stub ... more details
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