Infobox Disease Name Hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer Image Caption DiseasesDB 5812 ICD10 ICD10 ... title Familial colorectalcancer type X the other half of hereditarynonpolyposis colon cancer syndrome ... Bethesda Guidelines for hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer Lynch syndrome and microsatellite ... 910 1 62 Pathology of HereditaryNonpolyposisColorectalCancer JASS 910 1 62 Annals of the New York ... JP, Lynch HT. New clinical criteria for hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer HNPCC, Lynch syndrome ... DEFAULTSORT HereditaryNonpolyposisColorectalCancer Category Gastrointestinal cancer Category Hereditary ... nonpolyposiscolorectalcancer is an autosomal dominant genetic condition which has a high risk of colon ... nonpolyposiscolorectalcancer in 95 families differences and similarities between mutation positive ... journal author Thompson E, Meldrum CJ, Crooks R, et al. title Hereditary non polyposis colorectalcancer ... B, et al. title Mutations of two PMS homologues in hereditarynonpolyposis colon cancer journal Nature ... year 2009 title Colorectalcancer due to deficiency in DNA mismatch repair function a review journal ... defect, and use the term Familial colorectalcancer type X when the Amsterdam criteria are met but there is no known ... in Amsterdam I criteria families without mismatch repair deficiency familial colorectalcancer ... age of colorectalcancer diagnosis is 44 for members of families that meet the Amsterdam criteria ... nonpolyposis colon cancer journal Cell volume 75 issue 5 pages 1027 38 year 1993 pmid 8252616 ... care team. Epidemiology In the United States, about 160,000 new cases of colorectalcancer are diagnosed each year. Hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer is responsible for approximately 2 percent to 7 percent of all diagnosed cases of colorectalcancer . The average age of diagnosis of cancer ... GeneReviews NCBI NIH UW entry on Hereditary Non Polyposis Colon Cancer GeneTests hnpcc http www.cancer.gov cancertopics pdq genetics colorectal healthprofessional National Cancer Institute Genetics ... more details
, such as hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer HNPCC or familial adenomatous polyposis FAP . Positron ... S title Hereditarycolorectalcancer syndromes journal Cancer Causes Control volume 16 issue 3 ...Infobox disease Name Colorectalcancer ICD10 ICD10 C 18 c 15 ICD10 C 20 c 15 ICD10 C 21 c 15 ICD9 ICD9 ... 413 eMedicine mult EMedicine2 med 1994 EMedicine2 ped 3037 DiseasesDB 2975 Colorectalcancer ... bowel ref Signs and symptoms The symptoms of colorectalcancer depend on the location ... is diagnostic of colorectalcancer. Symptoms and signs are divided into local, constitutional affecting ..., may indicate colorectalcancer, as may the increased presence of mucus . Melena , black ... ulcer , but is sometimes encountered in colorectalcancer when the disease is located in the beginning ... may compress the left ureter and cause hydronephrosis . Certain local effects of colorectalcancer occur ... . Colorectalcancer may also lead to weight loss Unintentional weight loss weight loss , generally ... of colorectalcancer. Normal colorectal mucosa is seen on the right. H&E stain . The lifetime risk ... BF01789199 ref These include Age The risk of developing colorectalcancer increases with age. Most ... risk of developing colorectalcancer. Heredity Family history of colon cancer, especially in a close ... polyposis FAP carries a near 100 risk of developing colorectalcancer by the age of 40 if untreated Hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer HNPCC or Lynch syndrome Gardner syndrome Smoking Smokers are more likely to die of colorectalcancer than nonsmokers. An American Cancer Society study found Women who smoked were more than 40 more likely to die from colorectalcancer than women who never ... ColorectalCancer Risk.asp American Cancer Society Smoking Linked to Increased ColorectalCancer Risk New Study Links Smoking to Increased ColorectalCancer Risk 6 December 2000 ref ref http www.nlm.nih.gov ..., et al. title Meat consumption and risk of colorectalcancer journal JAMA volume 293 issue 2 pages ... more details
italictitle Infobox Journal cover Image with unknown copyright status removed Image Clinical ColorectalCancer Cover Shot.jpg discipline Oncology abbreviation Clin. ColorectalCancer publisher CIG Media Group frequency quarterly editor Edward Chu country USA history 2001 present impact 2.724 impact year 2008 website http cigjournals.metapress.com content 121020 ISSN 1533 0028 Clinical ColorectalCancer is a Peer review peer reviewed medical journal published by CIG Media Group Cancer Information Group since 2001. The journal publishes articles on detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of colorectalcancer. The main emphasis is on recent scientific developments in all areas related to colorectalcancer. Specific areas of interest include clinical research and mechanistic approaches drug sensitivity and resistance, gene and antisense therapy, pathology, markers, and prognostic indicators, chemoprevention strategies, multimodality therapy, and integration of various approaches. Abstracting and indexing Clinical ColorectalCancer is indexed in Index Medicus Pubmed , EMBASE Excerpta Medica, ISI Current Contents , CINAHL Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature , Chemical Abstracts , and Journal Citation Reports . Article types The journal publishes editorials, original research papers, comprehensive reviews, current treatment reports, case reports, brief communications, current trials, translational medicine pieces, and a Meeting Highlights section. External links http www.cigjournals.com CIG Media Group Category Oncology journals Category Publications established in 2001 Category Quarterly journals Category English language journals http www.healthocrates.com ColorectalCancer Prevention ColorectalCancer ... more details
by the DCC gene . DCC has long been implicated in colorectalcancer . While the official, full ... the same interchangeable name. Since it was first discovered in a colorectalcancer study in 1990 ... in ColorectalCancer DCC encodes a netrin receptor journal Cell volume 87 issue 2 pages 175 85 year ... ML, et al. title Phenotype of mice lacking functional Deleted in colorectalcancer Dcc gene ... in advanced colorectalcancer is loss of heterozygosity LOH of DCC in region 18q21. DCC in a receptor ... Forcet C, Ye X, Granger L, et al. title The dependence receptor DCC deleted in colorectalcancer ... in colorectalcancer formation. The first was a chromosomal instability pathway thought to be responsible ..., those in the field of colorectalcancer have acknowledged that cancer formation is far more complex ... Y title Colorectalcancer genetics of development and metastasis journal J Gastroenterol. volume ... was performed. Epigenetics Loss of DCC in colorectalcancer primarily occurs via chromosomal ..., et al. title Deleted in colorectalcancer is a putative conditional tumor suppressor gene inactivated ... of the relationship between chromosome 18q genotype, DCC status and colorectalcancer prognosis ... ref Interactions Deleted in ColorectalCancer has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact ... receptor DCC deleted in colorectalcancer defines an alternative mechanism for caspase activation ... the genetic abnormalities that occur in advanced colorectalcancer were first identified, one of the most ... www.genome.jp dbget bin show pathway?hsa05210 1630 KEGG pathway for colorectalcancer http www.genome.jp ... PPI TypesofCancer Colorectal default.htm BC Cancer Agency information on colorectalcancer Further ... of the deleted in colorectalcancer gene in normal and neoplastic tissues. journal Cold Spring ... Expression and alternative splicing of the deleted in colorectalcancer DCC gene in normal and malignant ... journal author Suzuki T, Ishioka C, Gamo M, et al. title Genetic alterations of human colorectalcancer ... more details
http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0092 8674 00 81132 0 issn ref Mouse Models for Hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer HNPCC The most frequent mutations in HNPCC are mutations in the MSH2 ...Mouse Model organism models of colorectalcancer and intestinal cancer are experimental systems in which ... is the development of the APC mutant mouse model of colorectalcancer and the subsequent observation that cyclooxygenase expression is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis. Genetic disruption of the cyclooxygenase .... Genetic Mouse Models for Colorectal And Intestinal Cancer Mouse Models for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis FAP FAP is a hereditary disease that is characterized with development of numerous colon ... in cancer sufferers that also play a role in the onset of the sporadic form of colorectalcancer ... the lifespan of FAP mouse models of colorectalcancer is increased. APC was found to associate with catenins ..., Heyer J, et al. title Colorectalcancer in mice genetically deficient in the mucin Muc2 journal Science ...?view long&pmid 7502046 issn ref Mouse models of chemically induced colorectalcancer Azoxymethane ... Mouse Models Of Colorectal And Intestinal Cancer Category Mice ..., and understand in depth the molecular events that contribute to the development and spread of colorectalcancer. They also provide a valuable biological system, to simulate human physiological conditions ... journal Cancer Res. volume 60 issue 17 pages 4705 8 year 2000 pmid 10987272 doi url http cancerres.aacrjournals.org ... Mouse models of gastrointestinal tumors journal Cancer Sci. volume 97 issue 5 pages 355 61 year ... by early lethality. There are genes modifying the cancer susceptibility of these mouse ... signaling pathway is implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis and its stability in the cell is regulated ... Edelmann W, Yang K, Umar A, et al. title Mutation in the mismatch repair gene Msh6 causes cancer ... Spontaneous intestinal carcinomas and skin neoplasms in Msh2 deficient mice journal Cancer Res. volume ... more details
This article lists notable people who were or have been diagnosed with colorectalcancer . Claude Debussy , French composer ref http w3.rz berlin.mpg.de cmp debussy.html ref Audrey Hepburn died January 20, 1993 ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi entertainment 3667517.stm BBC ref Babe Didrikson Zaharias , American athlete ref http espn.go.com sportscentury features 00014147.html ESPN ref Bobby Moore , 1966 England World cup winning captain, died at age 51, 2 years after diagnosis. ref name news.bbc.co.uk Citation needed date October 2009 Carmen Marc Valvo , American Evening wear designer ref http www.aarpsegundajuventud.org english health 2008 WIN valvo.html AARP SegundaJuventud ref Charles M. Schulz , creator of Peanuts , died at age 77 60 days after diagnosis. ref http archives.cnn.com 2000 US 02 13 schulz.obit.02 index.html CNN ref Corazon Aquino , former President of the Philippines president of the Philippines who died 1 Aug 2009, aged 76. ref http www.abs cbnnews.com storypage.aspx?StoryID 112887 ref Darryl Strawberry Citation needed date October 2009 Eartha Kitt died December 25, 2008 ... x.htm Katie Couric reports on colorectalcancer at USA Today Health. ref Joel Siegel , Emmy award ... Deaths from colorectalcancer ..., Dancer Eartha Kitt Dies of Colon Cancer at Age 81 date 2008 12 25 publisher Fox News accessdate ... Mail ref Jay Monahan, husband of news anchor Katie Couric , died of colon cancer in 1998 at the age of 42 Couric became a spokesperson for colon cancer and an increase in screening rates is attributed ... 2010 Lynn Faulds Wood , former BBC Watchdog presenter, survived advanced bowel cancer and founded the charities Beating Bowel Cancer and Lynn s Bowel Cancer Campaign. ref Lynn s Bowel Cancer Campaign ... , died on October 27, 2003, 2 years after being diagnosed with colon cancer. ref http www.cbsnews.com ... of Ozzy Osbourne , was diagnosed with colon cancer in 2002. The cancer was spread to her lymph nodes ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image PedigreechartC.png right thumb Ovarian and breast cancer patients in a pedigree chart of a family The term hereditary breast ovarian cancer HBOC refers to family families in which individuals have suffered from breast cancer and ovarian cancer either one individual suffered from both, or several individuals in the pedigree chart pedigree suffered from one or the other disease . Physicians , and especially genetic counseling genetic counselors use the term hereditary breast ovarian cancer or HBOC to refer to a family in which they suspect a hereditary factor to cause the pattern of breast and ovarian cancer occurrences in the family. ref cite web url http cancer.stanford.edu information geneticsAndCancer types herbocs title Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Syndrome BRCA1 BRCA2 publisher Stanford University accessdate 2008 09 02 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref Hereditary causes In these kind of families, two gene s have been found in which mutation s can cause this pattern of inherited breast and or ovarian cancer. These genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2 . However, not all families in which HBOC is suspected are found to have mutations in either BRCA1 or BRCA2. Footnotes reflist External links cite web url http www.facingourrisk.org title FORCE Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered Hereditary, Genetic Breast or Ovarian Cancer and BRCA Issues author authorlink coauthors date format work publisher Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered, Inc. pages language archiveurl archivedate quote accessdate 2008 12 28 Breast cancer DEFAULTSORT Hereditary Breast Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Category Breast Category Gynecology Category Types of cancer Category Hereditary cancers pl Dziedziczny rak piersi i jajnika ... more details
overcoverage region USA section Image Anorectum.gif thumb Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum , anus , and colon . The field is also known as proctology , but the term is outdated in the more traditional areas of medicine. The word proctology is derived from the Greek language Greek words Proktos , meaning anus or hindparts, and Logos meaning science or study. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called colorectal surgeons or proctologists. Colorectal surgeons often work closely with urologists . To become colorectal surgeons, these surgical doctors have to complete a general surgery residency, as well as a colorectal surgery fellowship, upon which they are eligible to be certified in their field of expertise by the American Board of Colon and Rectal Surgery or the American Osteopathic Board of Proctology. In other countries, certification to practice proctology is given to surgeons at the end of a 2 3 year subspecialty residency by the country s board of surgery. Scope of the specialty Colorectal surgical disorders include varicosities or swelling, and inflammation of vein s in the rectum and anus Hemorrhoid s unnatural cracks or tears in the anus Anal fissure s abnormal connections or passageways between the rectum or other anorectal area to the skin surface Fistula s severe constipation conditions fecal incontinence protrusion of the walls of the rectum through the anus Rectal prolapse birth defect s such as the imperforate anus treatment of severe colic disorders, such as Crohn s disease cancer of the colon and rectum Colorectalcancer anal cancer rare any injuries to the anus removal of objects deliberately .... Diagnostic procedures, such as a colonoscopy , are very important in colorectal surgery, as they can ... the condition. Other diagnostic procedures used by colorectal surgeons include proctoscopy , defecating ... American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Medicine DEFAULTSORT Colorectal Surgery Category ... more details
. H&E stain . A colorectal polyp is a polyp medicine polyp fleshy growth occurring on the lining of the Colon ... 25 url http www.medicinenet.com colon polyps article.htm accessdate 2007 10 25 ref Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectalcancer . ref name Medline cite web last Lehrer first Jenifer K. title Colorectal polyps publisher MedlinePlus date 2006 07 25 url http www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 000266.htm accessdate 2007 10 25 ref Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour ... tubular adenoma or malignant e.g. colorectal adenocarcinoma . Types The most common general classification ... of juvenile polyposis. People with juvenile polyposis have an increased risk of colon cancer. ref ... such as Ulcerative Colitis and Crohns disease . Symptoms Colorectal polyps are not usually associated ... Colorectal polyps can be detected using a faecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy ... Type of polyp e.g. villous adenoma Tubular Adenoma 5 risk of cancer Tubulovillous adenoma 20 risk of cancer Villous adenoma 40 risk of cancer Size of polyp 1 cm 1 risk of cancer Citation needed date September 2009 1 cm 10 risk of cancer Citation needed date September 2009 2 cm 15 risk of cancer Citation needed date September 2009 Normally an adenoma which is greater than 0.5 ... more details
carcinoma . Hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcancer HNPCC, also known as Lynch syndrome can include familial cases of Colorectalcancer colon cancer , uterine cancer, gastric cancer , and ovarian ... do not invade or metastasize. Cause, Pathophysiology Researchers divide the causes of cancer into two groups those with an environmental cause and those with a hereditary genetic cause. Cancer ... gene s. Hereditary or acquired abnormalities in these regulatory genes can lead to the development of cancer. A small percentage of cancers, approximately five to ten percent, are entirely hereditary. Diagnosis, Treatment, Epidemiology The presence of cancer can be suspected on the basis of symptoms, or findings on radiology . Definitive diagnosis of cancer, however, requires the histology microscopic ... cancer breast , prostate cancer prostate , lung cancer lung and Colorectalcancer colon ... biology Clifton, N.J. year 2009 volume 472 pages 467 77 pmid 19107449 ref and Colorectalcancer ... cancer 2.jpg An invasive colorectal carcinoma top center in a colectomy specimen. Image Lung cancer.jpg ... 1097 0215 19970328 71 1 14 AID IJC4 3.0.CO 2 6 ref Colorectalcancer colon cancer , ref name pmid16140978 ..., and risk for colorectal adenoma journal Cancer Res. volume 65 issue 17 pages 8034 41 ...Other uses sprotected2 Infobox disease Name Cancer Image Tumor Mesothelioma2 legend.jpg Caption A coronal CT scan showing a cancer of right Pleural cavity pleural membranes , the outer surface of the lung ... ICD9 ICD9 140 ICD9 239 ICDO MedlinePlus 001289 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D009369 Cancer IPA ... Enviro2008 cite journal author Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Kunnumakara AB, et al. title Cancer is a preventable ... Common environmental factors leading to cancer include tobacco , diet and obesity , infections , radiation ... cite book author Kinzler, Kenneth W. Vogelstein, Bert title The genetic basis of human cancer edition ... , radiation therapy radiotherapy and surgery . The prognosis is influenced by the type of cancer ... more details
plot date October 2008 Infobox television episode Title Not Cancer Series House TV series House Image Caption Season 5 Episode 2 Airdate September 23, 2008 Production Writer David Shore & Lawrence Kaplow Director David Straiton Producer Guests Felicia Day as Apple ref name foxflash http foxflash.com div.php main page?aID 1z4&mo 9&d 22 House Episode 5.02 Not Cancer Press Release , FoxFlash. September 23, 2008. Accessed Nov 05, 2008 reference dead July 2009 ref Final diagnosis Transplanted cancer stem cells in multiple patients 4 of 5 patients are dying Note This should be incorporated in the text ... list Infobox House TV series season 5 episode list Not Cancer is the second episode of the fifth .... Finally House goes with a diagnosis of cancer and orders them to run more tests. He then heads ... is clean and House still suspects cancer. Foreman accuses House of suggesting cancer so he has ... inform him the colonoscopy proved clean. House still believes in cancer and Kutner suggests they use .... The team has nothing new and House orders chemo for the cancer he suspects she has. He goes ... Apple to sign a consent form to receive chemotherapy, noting that he cannot tell her she has cancer because then she might think the treatment is working. Nonetheless, he hints she has cancer. As she .... Foreman is surprised House was right, but House concludes that it is not cancer. Back in differential, House notes he never thought it was cancer but thought it acted like cancer. Now he wants to find something that is similar to cancer, and notes the last patient was using methotrexate for his arthritis, which allegedly would also have treated any cancer. He goes to Wilson and asks for an epiphany ... for. House believes that the donor had cancer stem cells spread in his organs, and when ... reflist External links imdb episode 1273723 Not Cancer http www.politedissent.com archives 2083 Polite ... episodes fr Cancer es tu l ? uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A hereditary witch is one who is born into a tradition of esoteric origin. These traditions are often not recorded, except maybe in grimoire s which are also passed down, but rely primarily on oral and physical tradition. DEFAULTSORT Hereditary Witch Category Witchcraft Occult stub Culture stub ... more details
In set theory , a hereditary set or pure set is a Set mathematics set all of whose elements are hereditary sets. That is, all elements of the set are themselves sets, as are all elements of the elements, and so on. For example, it is vacuously true that the empty set is a hereditary set, and thus the set math varnothing math containing only the empty set math varnothing math is a hereditary set. In formulations of set theory that are intended to be interpreted in the von Neumann universe or to express the content of Zermelo Fraenkel set theory , all sets are hereditary, because the only sort of object that is even a candidate to be an element of a set is another set. Thus the notion of hereditary set is interesting only in a context in which there may be urelement s. The inductive definition of hereditary sets presupposes that set membership is well founded relation well founded i.e., the axiom of regularity , otherwise the recurrence may not have a unique solution. However, it can be restated non inductively as follows a set is hereditary if and only if its transitive set Transitive closure transitive closure contains only sets. In this way the concept of hereditary sets can also be extended to non well founded set theories in which sets can be members of themselves. For example, a set that contains only itself is a hereditary set. See also Hereditarily countable set Well founded set References cite book title Set Theory An Introduction to Independence Proofs author Kunen, Kenneth publisher North Holland year 1980 isbn 0 444 85401 0 Category Set theory settheory stub ... more details
In mathematics , a hereditary property is a property of an object, that inherits to all its subobjects , where the term subobject depends on the context. These properties are particularly considered in topology and graph theory . In topology In topology , a topological property is said to be hereditary if whenever a space has that property, then so does every Subspace topology subspace of it. If the latter is true only for Closed set closed subspaces , then the property is called weakly hereditary . For example, second countability and metrisability are hereditary properties. sequential space Sequentiality and Compact space Hausdorff compactness are weakly hereditary, but not hereditary. ref Goreham, Anthony, http www.citebase.org cgi bin citations?id oai arXiv.org math 0412558 Sequential Convergence in Topological Spaces ref Connected space Connectivity is not weakly hereditary. In graph theory In graph theory , a hereditary property is a graph property property of a graph mathematics graph which also holds for is inherited by its induced subgraph s. ref name AS Cite journal last Alon first Noga author link Noga Alon last2 Shapira first2 Asaf title Every monotone graph property is testable journal SIAM Journal on Computing volume 38 issue 2 year 2008 pages 505 522 doi 10.1137 050633445 url http www.math.tau.ac.il nogaa PDFS monotone1.pdf ref Alternately, a hereditary property is preserved by the removal of vertices. In some cases, the term hereditary has been defined with reference to graph minor s, but this is more properly called a minor hereditary property . The Robertson Seymour theorem implies that a minor hereditary property may be characterized in terms of a finite ... structures of a given signature logic signature is said to have the hereditary propery if every substructure ... s theorem A class K of finitely generated structures has the hereditary property if every ... , every subset of an independent set is again independent. This is also sometimes called the hereditary ... more details
In mathematics , especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory , a ring mathematics ring R is called hereditary if all submodule s of projective module s over R are again projective. If this is required only for finitely generated module finitely generated submodules, it is called semihereditary . For a noncommutative ring R , the terms left semi hereditary all finitely generated submodules of projective left R modules are projective and right semi hereditary are sometimes used. A ring can be left hereditary but not right hereditary, and vice versa. In particular, one consequence in fact, an equivalent condition of the left hereditary property is that all left modules have projective resolution s of length at most 1. Hence the usual derived functor s such as math mathrm Ext R i math and math mathrm Tor i R math are trivial for math i 1 math . Examples Semisimple ring s are easily seen to be left and right hereditary This is because all of their left and right ideals are summands of R , and hence are projective. By a similar token, in a von Neumann regular ring every finitely generated left and right ideal is a direct summand of R , and so von Neumann regular rings are left and right semihereditary. For any nonzero element x in a domain R , math R cong xR math via the map math r mapsto xr math . Hence in any domain, a principal right ideal is free, hence projective. This reflects the fact that domains are right Rickart ring s. It follows that if R is a right B zout domain , so that finitely generated right ideals are principal, then R has all finitely generated right ideals projective, and hence R is right semihereditary. Finally if R is assumed to be a principal ideal ring principal right ideal domain , then all right ideals are projective, and R is right hereditary. A commutative hereditary integral domain is called a Dedekind domain . A commutative semi hereditary integral domain is called a Pr fer domain . An important example of a left heredi ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Confusing date March 2008 A hereditary monarchy is the most common type of monarchy and is the form that is used by almost all of the world s existing monarchies. Under a hereditary monarchy, all the monarchs come from the same family, and the The Crown crown is passed down from one member to another member of the family. The hereditary system has the advantages of stability, continuity and predictability, as well as the internal stabilizing factors of family affection and loyalty. For example, when the monarch king or monarch queen of a hereditary monarchy dies or abdicates, the crown is usually passed to the next generation, i.e, his or her child, typically in some order of seniority. When that child dies, the crown is in turn passed to his or her child, or, if no child exists, a sister, brother, niece, nephew, cousin, or other relative. Hereditary monarchies most usually arrange succession by a legislated, definite order of succession so that it is well known beforehand who will be the next monarch. Nowadays, the typical order of succession in hereditary monarchies is based on some form of primogeniture , but there exist other methods such as agnatic seniority seniority , tanistry and rotation , which were much more common in the past. Historically, there have been differences in systems of Order of succession succession , mainly revolving around the question of whether succession is limited only to males, or if females are also eligible to succeed ... regardless of gender. Elective monarchy can practically function as a hereditary monarchy, for example ... even centuries, and that hybrid situation should be described as pseudo elective, virtually hereditary ... officially hereditary in early modern age. See also List of hereditary monarchies Absolute monarchy ... birth DEFAULTSORT Hereditary Monarchy Category Monarchy ar ca Monarquia heredit ria ... ja pl Monarchia dziedziczna pt Monarquia heredit ria ru simple Hereditary ... more details
Image RGPbadge.jpg 200px thumb right 19th Century Commander s Badge, Russian Grand Priory A Hereditary Commander is a Knight Commander whose family holds that title by hereditary right. Hereditary Commanders .... The award was not hereditary the recipients commanders were obligated to contribute a share of commandery ... hereditary commanderies to 99. ref name Sh337 In 1799 Paul decreed the statute for hereditary commanderies ... ordinary commanderies that provided direct financial benefits to their commanders, hereditary ... roubles annual income. ref name Sh337 Hereditary commanderies remitted 10 of their revenue to the Order ... is that of Grand Master Jean de Lascaris Castellar 1636 1657 granting an hereditary knighthood to the Vicomte ... one Commander per Commandery. Thus only 24 Hereditary Commanders could ever have existed. In Article ... separately. Maltese Tradition There is also an independent tradition of Hereditary knighthood Malta hereditary knighthoods , at a lower rank level, among the gentry of Malta . Changes to the Russian ... to the Commandery were by courtesy allowed, on confirmation from the Russian Emperor, the title Hereditary ... 1844. Qualifications needed by candidates Russian Hereditary Commanders, must be confirmed as such under ... 1955 , page 50. Hereditary Commanders in exile 1928 On June 24, 1928, twelve Russian Hereditary Commanders ... by three other Russian nobles who were aspirants and admitted as Knights, and a Hereditary Commander ... by a Latin cross. Under the guidance of Grand Duke Vladimir, applicants claiming to the Hereditary ... group continued to decline into the 1970s, and lines of several Hereditary Commanders coming ... was acknowledged as a legal part of the Union as well as a number of descendants of the Hereditary ... . The Priory of Dacia has also extended collateral recognition to modern descendants of the Hereditary ... to use the title of Union of Descendants of Hereditary Commanders & etc in 1958, placing the emphasis on descendants of Hereditary Commanders . The group was encouraged to moderate their claims by Grand ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 E 80 4 e 70 ICD10 E 80 6 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 277.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1065 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 med 1066 MeshID D006933 Hereditary hyperbilirubinemia refers to the condition where levels of bilirubin are elevated, for reasons that can be attributed to a metabolic disorder. An example is Crigler Najjar syndrome . External links http www.som.tulane.edu classware pathology medical pathology New for 99 liver gb sld017.htm cite journal author Elferink RP, Ottenhoff R, Liefting W, de Haan J, Jansen PL title Hepatobiliary transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugate in rats with hereditary hyperbilirubinemia journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 84 issue 2 pages 476 83 year 1989 month August pmid 2760197 doi 10.1172 JCI114189 pmc 548906 Heme metabolism disorders Category Syndromes Category Metabolic disorders Category Inborn errors of metabolism Category Hepatology medicine stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Hereditary elliptocytosis Image Elliptocytosis.jpg Caption Blood smear showing elliptocytes ... eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 987 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 med 648 MeshID D004612 Hereditary ... science.19.481.469 issue 481 ref and was first recognised as a heredity hereditary condition in 1932 ... thumb right Hereditary elliptocytosis has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The incidence of hereditary elliptocytosis is hard to determine, as many sufferers of the milder ... 1962 month July author Bannerman, Rm Renwick, Jh title The hereditary elliptocytoses clinical and linkage ... risk. Because it can confer resistance to malaria , some subtypes of hereditary elliptocytosis are significantly ..., Fd Alpers, Mp Crane, Gg title Hereditary ovalocytosis and reduced susceptibility to malaria in Papua ... text doi 10.1016 0035 9203 87 90001 0 ref Almost all forms of hereditary elliptocytosis are autosomal ... important exception to this rule of autosomal dominance is for a subtype of hereditary elliptocytosis called hereditary pyropoikilocytosis HPP , which is autosomal recessive . There are three major forms of hereditary elliptocytosis common hereditary elliptocytosis, spherocytic elliptocytosis and southeast Asian ovalocytosis. Common hereditary elliptocytosis is the most common form of elliptocytosis ... of clinical expression of hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis journal Blood journal Blood ... pmidlookup?view long&pmid 3620700 ref Common hereditary elliptocytosis With asymptomatic carrier ... also called hereditary haemolytic ovalocytosis the individual is European descent and elliptocytes and spherocytes are simultaneously present in their blood Pathophysiology Common hereditary elliptocytosis A number of genes have been linked to common hereditary elliptocytosis many involve the same gene as forms of Hereditary spherocytosis , or HS class wikitable Type OMIM Gene EL1 or HS5 ... as a cell is present in a capillary, but in hereditary elliptocytosis the instability of the cytoskeleton ... more details
about aspects of spherocytosis specific to the hereditary form of the disorder details that apply generally to this variant as well as others Spherocytosis Infobox Disease Name Hereditary spherocytosis Image Caption DiseasesDB 5827 ICD10 ICD10 D 58 0 d 55 ICD9 ICD9 282.0 ICDO OMIM 182900 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 2147 MeshID D013103 Hereditary spherocytosis is a genetically transmitted autosomal dominant form of spherocytosis , an auto hemolysis hemolytic anemia characterized by the production of red blood cells that are sphere shaped rather than bi concave disk shaped Donut ... 625 isbn 0 7216 0187 1 oclc doi accessdate ref Symptoms As in spherocytosis non hereditary spherocytosis ... small red blood cell s lacking the central pallor as seen in non hereditary spherocytosis is typically more marked in hereditary spherocytosis. Other protein deficiencies cause hereditary elliptocytosis ... considered part of the diagnostic approach to hereditary spherocytosis. An osmotic fragility ... Hereditary spherocytosis is an autosomal dominant or recessive trait, ref name pmid15071790 cite journal author Eber S, Lux SE title Hereditary spherocytosis defects in proteins that connect ... has a 50 chance of passing the mutation onto his her offspring. Hereditary spherocytosis is caused ... important mutations spectrin and ankyrin variants in hereditary spherocytosis journal Blood Cells ... 4.2 , ref name pmid18940465 cite journal author Perrotta S, Gallagher PG, Mohandas N title Hereditary ... to pass through. In hereditary spherocytosis, erythrocytes fail to pass through and get phagocytosed ... IKutter, D. and Thoma, J. 2006 Hereditary spherocytosis and other hemolytic anomalies distort diabetic ... non hereditary spherocytosis , acute symptoms of anemia and hyperbilirubinemia indicate treatment ... and management of hereditary spherocytosis journal Br. J. Haematol. volume 126 issue 4 pages 455 ... of the spleen. Experimental gene therapy exists to treat hereditary spherocytosis in lab mice however ... more details
Refimprove date June 2007 Infobox Disease Name Hereditary pancreatitis Image Caption DiseasesDB 30026 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 167800 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Hereditary Pancreatitis is a genetic disease affecting enzyme production in the pancreas. ref cite journal author Whitcomb D title Hereditary pancreatitis new insights into acute and chronic pancreatitis journal Gut volume 45 issue 3 pages 317 22 year 1999 pmid 10446089 url http gut.bmjjournals.com cgi content full 45 3 317 doi 10.1136 gut.45.3.317 pmc 1727629 ref In the pancreas, a genetic mutation causes the enzyme cationin trypsinogen to be made in a way which renders it resistant to inactivation through autolysis . Normally this autolysis mechanism prevents trypsinogen from being activated within the pancreas. However, when the abnormal trypsinogen is activated, it causes a chain reaction where all the trypsinogen in the pancreas is activated, effectively digesting the pancreas from the inside. It can be associated with PRSS1 and SPINK1 . ref OMIM 167800 ref Symptoms and Treatment Symptoms are generally the same as acute pancreatitis , including severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. There is no treatment for the disease, although complications such as malnutrition can be treated with supplementary pancreatic enzymes. Most estimates place the number of individuals with hereditary pancreatitis in the United States at 1000. Fact date June 2007 References reflist Gastroenterology Congenital malformations and deformations of digestive system Category Medical emergencies Category Gastroenterology pl Dziedziczne zapalenie trzustki pt Pancreatite heredit ria ... more details
Hereditary titles , in a general sense, are title s, positions or Style manner of address style s that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families. Some hereditary titles are inherited only by the eldest son see primogeniture ref cite web last Murphy first Michael Dean title A Kinship Glossary Symbols, Terms, and Concepts url http www.as.ua.edu ant Faculty murphy 436 kinship.htm accessdate 2006 10 05 ref others may pass to the eldest child of either gender, or to all children of a family equally although this is rare , or can be shared and thus multiplied in the case of a title and or divided in the case of a real object. In some traditions adoption is a common way around biological kinship, as in the Hindu tradition to assure there is a male heir of the same caste . Citation needed date February 2007 Prominent examples of hereditary titles include Hereditary monarchy in the Commonwealth realm s, Bhutan , Brunei , Cambodia , Japan , Thailand , Belgium , Denmark , Luxembourg , Liechtenstein , Monaco , the Netherlands , Norway , Spain , Sweden , Jordan , Morocco , Qatar , Saudi Arabia , Tonga and Bahrain . Different national constitutions use different modes of succession to the inheritance in their monarchies e.g. City of Vatican ex officio the elected pope , and especially in the Orient often adding a choice moment e.g. at a family council to mere birth right which thus only grants only eligibility. A special case are the two elective monarchies, Malaysia ref http www.malaysianmonarchy.org.my portal bi rk1 rk1.htm Yang di Pertuan Agong Bot generated title ref and the United Arab Emirates , where the constituent states of each federation are hereditary ... noble titles e.g. Burgrave, Margrave While the hereditary membership of a privileged class or caste ... External links http www.hereditarytitles.com Hereditary titles http www.aristocracyuk.co.uk hereditary titles a guide Hereditary Titles A Guide http www.heraldica.org topics odegard titlefaq.htm ... more details
Infobox disease Name Hereditary stomatocytosis Image Caption DiseasesDB 29710 ICD10 ICD10 D 58 8 d 55 ICD9 ICD9 282.8 ICDO OMIM 185000 OMIM mult OMIM2 185010 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic Hereditary stomatocytosis describes a number of inherited autosomal dominant human conditions which affect the red blood cell, in which the membrane or outer coating of the cell leaks sodium and potassium ions. Pathophysiology Osmosis leads to the red blood cell having a constant tendency to swell and burst. This tendency is countered by manipulating the flow of sodium and potassium ions. A pump forces sodium out of the cell and potassium in, and this action is balanced by a process called the passive leak . In the hereditary stomatocytoses, the passive leak is increased and the cell becomes swamped with salt and water. The cell lyses and a haemolytic anaemia results. For as yet unknown reasons, the cells take on an abnormal shape, resembling a mouth or stoma . Variants Haematologists have identified a number of variants. These can be classified as below. Overhydrated hereditary stomatocytosis Dehydrated HSt hereditary xerocytosis hereditary hyperphosphatidylcholine haemolytic anaemia Dehydrated with perinatal ascites Cryohydrocytosis Blackburn variant. Familial pseudohyperkalaemia There are other families that do not fall neatly into any of these classifications. ref cite journal author Oski FA, Naiman JL, Blum SF, et al. title Congenital hemolytic anemia with high sodium, low potassium red cells. Studies of three generations of a family with a new variant journal N. Engl. J. Med. volume 280 issue 17 pages 909 16 year 1969 pmid 4237839 doi 10.1056 NEJM196904242801701 url ref Stomatocytosis is also found as a hereditary disease in Alaskan malamute and miniature schnauzer dogs ... occur for which anticoagulation may be needed. Causes The cause for these hereditary conditions is now ..., Iarocci TA, et al. title Hereditary stomatocytosis consistent association with an integral membrane ... more details
Globalize date December 2010 Infobox disease Name Hereditary angioedema Image Caption DiseasesDB 1821 ICD10 D84.1 ILDS D84.110 ICD9 277.6 OMIM 106100 MedlinePlus 001456 eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1048994 MeshID D054179 Hereditary angioedema types I and II also known as Quincke edema after discoverer Heinrich Quincke presents in the second to fourth decade, and is characterized by local swelling in subcutaneous tissues. ref name Andrews James, William Berger, Timothy Elston, Dirk 2005 . Andrews Diseases of the Skin Clinical Dermatology . 10th ed. . Saunders. ISBN 0 7216 2921 0. ref rp 152 Hereditary angioma is caused by a deficiency of the C1 inhibitor, a protein of the complement system , a part of the immune system. Some mutations produce low levels of C1 inhibitor type I others produce normal levels of ineffective C1 protein type II . ref name Morgan http www.nejm.org doi full 10.1056 NEJMe1006450 Hereditary Angioedema Therapies Old and New , B. Paul Morgan, M.B., Ph.D., N Engl J Med 2010 363 581 583August 5, 2010 PubMed citation not yet available ref C1 inhibitor is needed to control the coagulation cascade in blood clotting, the complement cascade in the immune system ... Deficiency of C1 inhibitor causes hereditary angioedema types I and II. This autosomal dominant disorder ..., thus when these go unregulated they can give rise to vasoactive substances. Hereditary angioedema ... rates from hereditary angioma are high in the U.S. but rare in Europe. Older and newer preparations ... in Europe but not by the F.D.A. . ref name Morgan In hereditary angioedema, specific stimuli that have ... author Gelfand JA, Sherins RJ, Alling DW, Frank MM title Treatment of hereditary angioedema with danazol ... kallikrein inhibitor for the treatment of hereditary angioedema and the prevention of blood loss ... cite journal author Bernstein JA title Hereditary angioedema a current state of the art review ... Hereditary Angioedema Category Urticaria and angioedema Category Disorders of globin and globulin ... more details
Infobox disease Name Hereditary coproporphyria Image Coproporphyrinogen III.svg Caption Coproporphyrinogen III DiseasesDB 30591 ICD10 ICD10 E 80 2 e 70 ILDS E80.222 ICD9 ICD9 277.1 ICDO OMIM 121300 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 1888 MeshID D046349 Hereditary coproporphyria HCP is a form of Hepatic porphyrias hepatic porphyria associated with a deficiency of the enzyme coproporphyrinogen III oxidase . ref name pmid16159891 cite journal title Mutations in human CPO gene predict clinical expression of either hepatic hereditary coproporphyria or erythropoietic harderoporphyria journal Hum. Mol. Genet. volume 14 issue 20 pages 3089 98 year 2005 month October pmid 16159891 doi 10.1093 hmg ddi342 url http hmg.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 16159891 display authors 3 author1 Schmitt C author2 Gouya L author3 Malonova E author separator , last4 Lamoril first4 J last5 Camadro first5 JM last6 Flamme first6 M last7 Rose first7 C last8 Lyoumi first8 S last9 Da Silva first9 V ref ref name Andrews cite book author James, William D. Berger, Timothy G. et al. title Andrews Diseases of the Skin clinical Dermatology publisher Saunders Elsevier location year 2006 pages isbn 0 7216 2921 0 oclc doi accessdate ref rp 525 Hereditary coproporphyria HCP is an autosomal dominant ref name pmid12181641 cite journal title Two novel mutations and coexistence of the 991C T and the 1339C T mutation on a single allele in the coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene in Swedish patients with hereditary ... Pathophysiology Hereditary coproporphyria is the result of a point mutation in the coproporphinogen oxidase CPO gene. ref name OMIM ref name pmid16176984 cite journal title Structural basis of hereditary ... title Systematic analysis of coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene defects in hereditary coproporphyria ... ch160 ch160c.html Retrieved 5 February 2011. ref Cases noted hereditary coproporphyria induced ... Hereditary Coproporphyria Category Inborn errors of metabolism Category Porphyrias Category Skin conditions ... more details
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