Infobox disease Name HepatitisE Image HepatitisE virus.jpg Caption HepatitisE virus ICD10 ICD10 B ... HepatitisE is a viral hepatitis liver inflammation caused by infection with a virus called hepatitis ... A A , hepatitis B B , hepatitis C C , hepatitis D D , and E. Infection with this virus was first ... cite journal author Guu TS, Liu Z, Ye Q, et al. title Structure of the hepatitisE virus ... E virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref Epidemiology The incidence of hepatitisE is highest in juveniles ..., they less frequently become symptomatic. Mortality rates are generally low, for hepatitisE is a self ... to work, care for family members, and obtain food. HepatitisE occasionally develops into an acute ... animal species and have been responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitisE in both developing ... al. title Acute hepatitis due to hepatitisE virus genotype 1 as an imported infectious disease in Japan ... history and population dynamics of hepatitisE virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref It diverged ... YE 2010 Evolutionary history and population dynamics of hepatitisE virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376 ... dynamics of hepatitisE virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref The population size of genotype ... and population dynamics of hepatitisE virus. PLoS One 5 12 e14376. ref Patterns HepatitisE is prevalent .... Outbreaks of epidemic hepatitisE most commonly occur after heavy rainfalls and monsoons because ... Domestic animals have been reported as a reservoir for the hepatitisE virus, with some surveys showing ... Transmission Dynamics of HepatitisE Among Swine Potential Impact upon Human Infection journal BMC ... HepatitisE Virus Transmission from Wild Boar Meat journal Emerging Infect. Dis. volume 11 issue ... WildRatDisease.htm RatBehavior.org ref A new virus designated rat hepatitisE virus has been ... Detection of a novel hepatitisE like virus in faeces of wild rats using a nested broad spectrum ... 28, 6,861 cases and 87 deaths. Increasingly, hepatitisE is being seen in developed nations ... more details
Taxobox color violet name HepatitisE virus image HepatitisE virus.jpg image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM micrograph of hepatitisE virions. virus group iv familia Hepeviridae genus Hepevirus species HepatitisE virus HepatitisE virus is the infective organism that causes hepatitisE . The viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometer s in diameter, are non enveloped and contain a single strand of positive sense RNA that is approximately 7300 bases in length. The virus particle was first visualised in 1983 ref cite journal author Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al. title Evidence for a virus in non A, non B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal oral route journal Intervirology volume 20 issue 1 pages 23 31 year 1983 pmid 6409836 doi 10.1159 000149370 ref but was only molecularly cloned in 1990. ref cite journal author Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al. title Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non A, non B hepatitis journal Science volume 247 issue 4948 pages 1335 9 year 1990 pmid 2107574 doi 10.1126 science.2107574 ref It was previously classified in the Caliciviridae family. However, its genome more closely resembles the rubella rubella virus . It is now classified as the only member of the genus Hepevirus in the Hepeviridae family. ref name ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 release cite web url http ictvonline.org virusTaxonomy.asp?version 2009 title ICTV Virus Taxonomy 2009 release work accessdate 2011 12 02 ref References Reflist 2 External links MeshName HepatitisE virus http www.viprbrc.org brc home.do?decorator hepe Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource ViPR Hepeviridae Viral diseases DEFAULTSORT HepatitisE Virus Category HepatitisE Category Viruses it Epatite virale E ... more details
Infobox rfam Name HepatitisE virus cis reactive element image RF00550.jpg width caption Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of HepE CRE Symbol HepE CRE AltSymbols Rfam RF00550 miRBase miRBase family RNA type Cis regulatory element Cis reg Tax domain Virus es GO SO SO 0000233 CAS number EntrezGene HGNCid OMIM PDB RefSeq Chromosome Arm Band LocusSupplementaryData The HepatitisE virus cis reactive element is a cis regulatory element RNA element that is thought to be essential for some step in gene expression . ref name Gra05 cite journal last Graff first J coauthors Nguyen H, Yu C, Elkins WR, St Claire M, Purcell RH, Emerson SU year 2005 title The open reading frame 3 gene of hepatitisE virus contains a cis reactive element and encodes a protein required for infection of macaques journal J Virol volume 79 pages 6680&ndash 6689 pmid 15890906 doi 10.1128 JVI.79.11.6680 6689.2005 issue 11 pmc 1112134 ref The mutation of this element resulted in HepatitisE strains which were unable to infect Rhesus macaque s Macaca mulatta . ref name Gra05 References reflist 1 External links Rfam id RF00550 name HepatitisE virus cis reactive element Category Cis regulatory RNA elements molecular cell biology stub ... more details
C Hepatitis D HepatitisEHepatitis F Hepatitis G Maurice Hilleman References See http en.wikipedia.org ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis A ICD10 ICD10 B 15 b 15 ICD9 ICD9 070.0 , ICD9 070.1 DiseasesDB 5757 MedlinePlus ... Hepatitis A formerly known as infectious hepatitis and epidemical virus is an Acute medical acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus Hep A , ref name Sherris cite book ... BP title Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination journal Epidemiol Rev volume 28 pages 101 11 year ... cite journal author Connor BA title Hepatitis A vaccine in the last minute traveler journal ... Changing travel related global epidemiology of hepatitis A journal Am. J. Med. volume 118 issue Suppl ... Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS title The effects of socioeconomic development on worldwide hepatitis A virus ... 15831565 ref Hepatitis A infection causes no clinical signs and symptoms in over 90 of infected children ... a relapse of symptoms during the 6 months after acute illness. Acute liver failure from Hepatitis ... to age, with 80 of adults having symptoms compatible with acute viral hepatitis and the majority ... doi 10.1016 S0264 410X 99 00470 3 author Ciocca M. title Clinical course and consequences of hepatitis ... can be prevented by vaccination , and hepatitis A vaccine has been proven effective in controlling outbreaks worldwide. ref name pmid16271543 Signs and symptoms Early symptoms of hepatitis A infection ... cite web title Hepatitis A Symptoms publisher eMedicineHealth url http www.emedicinehealth.com hepatitis a page3 em.htm Hepatitis 20A 20Symptoms date 2007 05 17 accessdate 2007 05 18 ref Symptoms ... title Hepatitis A Information for the Public publisher Center for Disease Control url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis A aFAQ.htm date 2009 09 17 accessdate 2011 01 08 ref Fatigue medical Fatigue Fever Abdominal ... Taxobox name Hepatitis A image Hepatitis A virus 02.jpg image caption electron microscope Electron micrograph of hepatitis A virions. image width 185px virus group iv familia Picornaviridae genus ... more details
to be in the form of a portal portal bridging fibrosis. HepatitisE causes different histological patterns ... JM 2010 HepatitisE virus A new entity. Ann Pathol 30 6 432 438 ref In immunocompetent patients the typical ... Hepeviridae HepatitisE Herpesvirus es Cytomegalovirus , ref name Xiong2010 Xiong W 2010 Clinical efficacy ... hepatitis A nor hepatitisE causes chronic hepatitis Discussion Alcoholic hepatitis Main Alcoholic ... treated with ribavirin. J Hepatol 26 3 722 776 ref HepatitisE ref name pmid17410455 cite journal ... cell hepatitis due to hepatitisE virus along with the presence of autoantibodies journal Digestive ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis Image Alcoholic hepatitis.jpg Caption Alcoholic liver disease Alcoholic hepatitis evident by fatty change, cell necrosis , Mallory bodies ICD10 ICD10 K 75 9 k 70 ICD9 ICD9 573.3 DiseasesDB 20061 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006505 Hepatitis plural hepatitides ... on its own or can progress to fibrosis scarring and cirrhosis . Hepatitis may occur with limited ... . Hepatitis is acute when it lasts less than six months and chronic when it persists longer. A group of viruses known as the hepatitis viruses cause most cases of hepatitis worldwide, but it can also ... , diarrhea , and headache . More specific symptom s, which can be present in acute hepatitis from ... I title Acute hepatitis journal BMJ volume 322 issue 7279 pages 151 153 year 2001 pmid 11159575 doi 10.1136 bmj.322.7279.151 pmc 1119417 ref Acute viral hepatitis is more likely to be asymptomatic ... days, with the total illness lasting 2 to 6 weeks. ref name bain V.G. Bain and M. Ma, Acute Viral Hepatitis ... an online text book ref A small proportion of people with acute hepatitis progress ... transplantation liver transplant . Chronic Chronic hepatitis often leads to nonspecific symptoms such as malaise ... be enlargement of the liver. ref name MerckHome MerckHome 10 137 c Chronic hepatitis ref Extensive ... of the thyroid gland and kidney s may be present in women with autoimmune hepatitis . ref ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 refimprove date April 2008 Hepatitis X , also known as the Lost Hepatitis is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by hepatitis virus, which is most commonly transmitted by the fecal oral route via contaminated food or drinking water. In the United States, approximately 10 people per year are infected with the virus, primarily in the Mid Atlantic region. The time between infection and the appearance of the symptoms, the incubation period , is roughly one week. Often the virus will show itself, but later the patient will lose all symptoms. Roughly one week later the virus will show itself again stronger and more dangerously. ref http www.reference.com ref Some cases of viral hepatitis cannot be ascribed to hepatitis A , hepatitis B B , hepatitis C C , hepatitis D D , or hepatitisEE , so they are called non A...Ehepatitis, or hepatitis X. During the diagnostic process for hepatitis X, the possible alternative diagnoses should be considered hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, and CMV Cytomegalovirus . Early symptoms of hepatitis X infection can be mistaken ... of the abdomen Weight loss Diagnosis and results Hepatitis X often goes undiagnosed by doctors due to the difficulty ... http www.reference.com ref Complications The distinction between complications of hepatitis X and symptoms of hepatitis X is often obscure. While jaundice yellow discoloration of the skin or whites of the eyes due to an increase of bile pigments in the blood , is a symptom of hepatitis, it is also ..., and CSF xanthochromia. Liver disease is another fatal complication of hepatitis X. This could potentially .... ref http www.wrongdiagnosis.com h hepatitis x intro.htm ref Treatment There has been no specific drug therapy developed for hepatitis, with the exception of hepatitis C. Patients are advised to rest ... if signs of precoma lethargy, confusion, and mental changes develop. In acute viral hepatitis ... h hepatitis x intro.htm ref References reflist Category Hepatitis ... more details
hepatitis , these viruses are not all related. class wikitable Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis A virus HAV Hepatitis B virus HBV Hepatitis C virus HCV Hepatitis D HDV HepatitisE virus HEV Transmission ... B virus. HepatitisE main HepatitisE The HepatitisE virus HEV produces symptoms similar to hepatitis ...Infobox disease Name Viral hepatitis Image Ground glass hepatocytes high mag cropped 2.jpg Caption Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes , which are seen in Chronic medicine chronic hepatitis B infections a type of viral hepatitis , and represent accumulations of virus viral antigen in the endoplasmic ... OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D006525 Viral hepatitis is Hepatitis liver inflammation ... or chronic forms. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis D , and HepatitisE . In addition to the hepatitis viruses, other viruses that can also cause hepatitis include Herpes simplex , Cytomegalovirus , Epstein Barr virus , or Yellow fever . A virus previously called Hepatitis G virus is now classified as GB virus C because it does not appear to cause hepatitis. Hepatitis viruses Hepatitis caused ... No Yes uncommon Yes common Yes with hepatitis B No Hepatitis A main Hepatitis A Hepatitis A or infectious jaundice is caused by hepatitis A virus HAV , a picornavirus transmitted by the fecal oral route often associated with ingestion of contaminated food . It causes an acute form of hepatitis and does ... Immunity medical immunity against future infection. People with hepatitis A are advised to rest, stay .... Hepatitis A can be spread through personal contact, consumption of raw sea food or drinking contaminated ... CDC Hepatitis A FAQ url http www.cdc.gov ncidod diseases hepatitis a faqa.htm general accessdate 2008 ... diagnosis . ref cite web title CDC Hepatitis A Fact Sheet url http www.cdc.gov ncidod diseases hepatitis a fact.htm accessdate 2008 03 03 ref Hepatitis B main Hepatitis B Hepatitis B is caused by hepatitis ... more details
Mergeto Autoimmune hepatitis date October 2011 Orphan date November 2006 Refimprove date September 2011 Lupoid hepatitis also called autoimmune hepatitis is an auto immune disease which causes liver cirrhosis ... s. 60 of patients have chronic hepatitis that may mimic viral hepatitis, but without serology serologic ... with anti smooth muscle auto antibody antibodies . Autoimmune hepatitis is a condition in which the patient ... is chronic and progressive. Although the disease is chronic, many patients with autoimmune hepatitis ..., a picture that resembles acute hepatitis. Autoimmune hepatitis usually occurs in women 70 between the ages of 15 and 40. Although the term lupoid hepatitis was originally used to describe this disease, patients with systemic lupus erythematosus do not have an increased incidence of autoimmune hepatitis ... to severe hepatitis with elevated serum ALT and AST activities in the setting of normal to marginally ... with severe hepatic dysfunction. ref cite journal author Krawitt, E. L. year 1996 title Autoimmune hepatitis journal New England Journal of Medicine volume 334 pages 897 903 doi 10.1056 NEJM199604043341406 pmid 8596574 issue 14 ref Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the liver ... ruled out. Autoimmune hepatitis was previously called lupoid hepatitis. It was originally described ... erythematosis. Thus, its name was previously lupoid hepatitis. Because the disease has multiple different forms, and is not always associated with systemic lupus erythematosis, lupoid hepatitis is no longer used. The current name at present is autoimmune hepatitis IAH . Diagnosis Patients who have chronic elevations in liver function tests for greater than 6 months are thought to have chronic hepatitis ... 1 antitrypsin deficiency, Hepatitis B and C and drug induced hepatitis have been ruled out, a possible .... Evaluation for these types of autoimmune hepatitis is obtained through simple blood tests. Based upon .... Treatment Not all patients with autoimmune hepatitis require treatment. However, when they have ... more details
ref See also Hepatitis A Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B in China Hepatitis C HepatitisEHepatitis ...Taxobox name Hepatitis D image image width image caption virus group v ordo Unassigned familia Unassigned genus Deltavirus species Hepatitis delta virus Infobox disease Name Hepatitis D Image Caption DiseasesDB ... eMedicineTopic MeshID D003699 Hepatitis D , also referred to as hepatitis D virus HDV and classified as Hepatitis delta virus , is a disease caused by a small circular enveloped RNA virus . It is one of five known hepatitis viruses hepatitis A A , hepatitis B B , hepatitis C C , D, and hepatitisEE . HDV is considered to be a Satellite biology subviral satellite because it can propagate only in the presence of the hepatitis B hepatitis B virus HBV . ref cite journal author Makino S title Molecular cloning and sequencing of a human hepatitis delta delta virus RNA journal Nature volume 329 ... either via simultaneous infection with HBV coinfection or superimposed on chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis ... Fattovich G title Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on morbidity and mortality in compensated ... author separator , author2 Giustina G author3 Christensen E display authors 3 last4 Pantalena first4 M last5 Zagni first5 I last6 Realdi first6 G last7 Schalm first7 SW ref In combination with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis D has the highest mortality rate of all the hepatitis infections of 20 . Virology History Hepatitis D virus was first reported in the mid 1970s, as a nuclear antigen in patients ... antibody system delta anti delta associated to hepatitis B virus in liver and in serum of HBsAg ... gut.18.12.997 ref This nuclear antigen was then thought to be a hepatitis B antigen and was called the delta antigen. Subsequent experiments in chimpanzees showed that the hepatitis delta antigen HDAg ..., M title Structure, sequence and expression of the hepatitis delta delta viral genome journal ... year 2005 pages 735 8 ref Structure and Genome Infobox protein family Symbol HDV ag Name Hepatitis ... more details
, Nishizawa T, Takahashi M, Okamoto H title Characterization of seven genotypes A to E, G and H of hepatitis .... Shortly after the appearance of the HBsAg, another antigen called hepatitis B e antigen HBeAg ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis B ICD10 ICD10 B 16 b 15 , br ICD10 B 18 0 b 15 ICD10 B 18 1 b 15 ICD9 ICD9 070.2 ICD9 070.3 Image Hepatitis B virions.jpg Caption Transmission electron microscopy Electron micrograph of hepatitis B virus DiseasesDB 5765 MedlinePlus 000279 eMedicineSubj med eMedicineTopic 992 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 ped 978 MeshID D006509 OMIM 610424 Hepatitis B is an infectious inflammatory illness of the liver caused by hepatitis B virus HBV affecting hominoidea , including humans. Originally known as serum hepatitis , ref name pmid8769597 Cite doi 10.1001 jama.276.10.841 ref the disease ... in Hepatitis B in China China . ref name pmid16941687 Cite doi 10.1002 hep.21347 ref More than 2 billion people have been infected, ref name WHOfactsheet Cite web title Hepatitis B url http www.who.int ... Hepatitis B url http liver.stanford.edu Education faq.html publisher Stanford School of Medicine ... A, Bl ckberg J, Lindqvist B title High levels of hepatitis B virus DNA in body fluids from chronic ... December pmid 17046105 doi 10.1016 j.jhin.2006.06.029 ref However, Hepatitis B viruses cannot be spread ..., or breastfeeding. ref name PubMed Health Cite web title Hepatitis B url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... CDC HBV Transmission Cite web title Hepatitis B FAQ Transmission url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis B ... ref The acute illness causes liver inflammation, vomiting, jaundice , and rarely death. Chronic hepatitis ... is preventable by Hepatitis B vaccine vaccination . ref name pmid17673066 Cite doi 10.4065 82.8.967 ref Hepatitis B virus is an hepadnavirus hepa from hepatotrophic and dna because it is a DNA ... to diagnose the infection. ref name pmid3331068 Signs and symptoms Acute infection with hepatitis B virus is associated with acute viral hepatitis an illness that begins with general ill health ... more details
cite journal last Halliday first J coauthors Klenerman, P, Barnes, E title Vaccination for hepatitis ... in hepatitis C. ref name NCCAM ref cite journal last Liu first J coauthors Manheimer, E, Tsutani ...Infobox disease Name Hepatitis C Image HCV EM picture 2.png Caption Electron micrograph of hepatitis ... med eMedicineTopic 993 eMedicine mult EMedicine2 ped 979 MeshID D006526 Hepatitis C is an infectious disease primarily affecting the liver , caused by the hepatitis C virus HCV . ref name ... varices . ref name Sherris The hepatitis C virus is spread by primarily by blood to blood contact ... recurs after transplantation. An estimated 130 170 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C. No vaccine against hepatitis C is currently available. The existence of hepatitis C originally non A non B hepatitis was postulated in the 1970s and proven in 1989. ref name pmid19781804 cite journal author Houghton M title The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis .... TOC limit 3 Signs and symptoms Acute infection Hepatitis C infection causes acute symptoms in 15 ... hepatitis C. journal Lancet date 2008 Jul 26 volume 372 issue 9635 pages 321 32 pmid 18657711 ref For those ... are not associated with jaundice . ref name Book2011p4 cite book title Chronic Hepatitis C Virus ... ref name Book2011 although chronic hepatitis C can be associated with fatigue. ref name ID2010 Hepatitis ... cite journal last Rosen first HR title Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection. journal ... years. ref name AFP2010 ref name NEJM2011 Cirrhosis is more common in those co infected with hepatitis ... last Mueller first S coauthors Millonig, G, Seitz, HK title Alcoholic liver disease and hepatitis ... Jul 28 volume 15 issue 28 pages 3462 71 pmid 19630099 ref Hepatitis C is the cause of 27 of cirrhosis ... MJ title Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection. journal World journal of gastroenterology WJG ... hepatitis C prevention and treatment. journal Expert review of anti infective therapy date 2009 ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 Infobox disease Name Neonatal hepatitis Image Alt Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 774.4 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Neonatal hepatitis or perinatal hepatitis is a rare fulminant disease of the liver , of unknown etiology, characterized by massive deposition of iron in the liver, pancreas , heart , and endocrine glands symptoms are those of infant neonatal hepatitis and appear in utero or within the first week of life, with death usually occurring by 4 months of age. Neonatal hepatitis is histologically characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells. There may also be bile pigment or hemosiderin within hepatocytes. medical stub Category Pediatrics Category Hepatology ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Alcoholic hepatitis Image Mallory body high mag cropped.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a Mallory body , a histopathologic finding associated with alcoholic hepatitis . H&E stain . DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 K 70 1 k 70 ICD9 ICD9 571.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000281 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic 101 MeshID D006519 Alcoholic hepatitis is hepatitis inflammation of the Human liver liver due to excessive intake of Alcoholic beverage alcohol . While distinct from cirrhosis , it is regarded as the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease . Symptoms are jaundice , ascites fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity , Fatigue medical fatigue and hepatic encephalopathy Human brain brain dysfunction due to liver failure . Mild cases are self limiting, but severe cases have a high risk of death . Severe cases may be treated with glucocorticoids . Symptoms and signs Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by a variable constellation of symptoms, which may include feeling unwell, enlargement of the liver, development of fluid in the abdomen ascites , and modest elevation of liver enzyme levels as determined by liver function tests . Alcoholic hepatitis can vary from mild with only liver enzyme elevation to severe liver inflammation with development of jaundice, prolonged prothrombin ... in both severe categories is 50 within 30 days of onset. Alcoholic hepatitis is distinct from cirrhosis caused by long term alcohol consumption. Alcoholic hepatitis can occur in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis by itself does not lead to cirrhosis ... develop acute hepatitis as an inflammatory reaction to the cells affected by Steatosis fatty change ... name pmid11113085 cite journal author Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, Han S, Reynolds T, Shakil O title Pentoxifylline improves short term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis a double blind ... DEFAULTSORT Alcoholic Hepatitis Category Hepatitis Category Inflammations Category Alcohol abuse ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Refimprove date January 2009 Italic title Hepatitis Monthly is a medical journal published by the Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Tehran , Iran . It is the official journal of this center and of the Iran Hepatitis Network . It was established in 2002 by Seyed Moayed Alavian, who is the journal s editor in chief . ref http hepmon.com page ?id 4 Hepatitis Monthly Homepage ref Abstracting and indexing According to the Journal Citation Reports , the journal s 2009 impact factor is 0.716. In addition, the journal is abstracted and indexed in Science Citation Index Science Citation Index Expanded , Scopus , EMBASE , Index Medicus , and CAB International CABI . References references External links Official http www.hepmon.com http www.hep.ir Iran Hepatitis Network http www.brcgl.ir Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Category Publications established in 2002 Category Gastroenterology and hepatology journals ... more details
unreferenced date December 2007 Ischemic hepatitis also known as shock liver is a condition of decreased blood supply to the liver resulting in injury to liver cells hepatocyte s , which occurs in a diffuse fashion. The decreased blood flow perfusion to the liver is usually due to shock or low blood pressure. However, local causes involving the hepatic artery that supplies oxygen to the liver, such as sickle cell anemia sickle cell crisis and thrombosis of the hepatic artery, can also cause ischemic hepatitis. Patients with ischemic hepatitis are usually very ill. Diagnosis and presentation Blood testing usually shows high levels of the liver function tests liver transaminase enzymes, AST and ALT, which may exceed 1000 U L. ref name pmid19473435 cite journal author Raurich JM, P rez O, Llompart Pou JA, Ib ez J, Ayestar n I, P rez B rcena J title Incidence and outcome of ischemic hepatitis complicating septic shock journal Hepatol. Res. volume 39 issue 7 pages 700 5 year 2009 month July pmid 19473435 doi 10.1111 j.1872 034X.2009.00501.x url http www3.interscience.wiley.com resolve openurl?genre article&sid nlm pubmed&issn 1386 6346&date 2009&volume 39&issue 7&spage 700 ref Normal limits for ALT is usually 63 U L, depending on the lab. These increased lab values are due to the injured hepatocytes leaking out these enzymes into the blood stream. People who develop ischemic hepatitis may have pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, but they usually feel more unwell because of the serious reason that they developed the ischemia, than due to the ischemic hepatitis itself. Jaundice can occur, but is rare and transient, as is actual loss of function of the liver. Related conditions Ischemic hepatitis is related to another condition called nutmeg liver congestive hepatopathy or nutmeg liver, which is a backflow condition due to poor drainage of the liver, usually due to heart failure. As a result, the two entities can co exist. See also Elevated transaminases References ... more details
Infobox disease Name Autoimmune hepatitis Image Autoimmune hepatitis cropped very high mag.jpg Caption Micrograph showing a lymphoplasmacytic interface hepatitis the characteristic histomorphologic finding of autoimmune hepatitis. Liver biopsy . H&E stain . DiseasesDB 1150 ICD10 ICD10 K 75 4 k 70 ICD9 ... Hepatitis is a disease of the liver that occurs when the body s immune system attacks cells of the liver ... hepatitis. This abnormal immune response results in inflammation of the liver, which can lead to further complications, including cirrhosis . ref name urlDigestive Disease Autoimmune Hepatitis ... Autoimmune Hepatitis author National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse accessdate October 9, 2010 , ref Autoimmune hepatitis has an incidence of 1 2 per 100,000 per year, and a prevalence of 10 ... 70 . ref name urlAutoimmune Hepatitis cite web url http www.cumc.columbia.edu dept gi autoimmune.html title Autoimmune Hepatitis work accessdate ref Liver enzyme s are elevated, as may be bilirubin . Classification ... ref name urlautoimmune hepatitis cite web url http www.meddean.luc.edu Lumen MedEd orfpath autoimmune 20hepatitis.htm title autoimmune hepatitis work accessdate ref this group behaves like group 1 ref ... diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is best achieved with a combination of clinical trial clinical , laboratory ... hepatitis always requires a liver biopsy . In complex cases, a scoring system can be used to help determine if a patient has autoimmune hepatitis, which combines clinical and laboratory features ... International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis journal J. Hepatol. volume 31 issue 5 pages 929 38 year 1999 month November pmid 10580593 ... 2008 05 09 ref ref name urlAutoimmune Hepatitis Calculator cite web url http homepage.mac.com sholland contrivances aihcalc.html title Autoimmune Hepatitis Calculator work accessdate 2008 05 ... Autoimmune hepatitis classification, heterogeneity, and treatment journal Am. J. Med. volume 96 issue ... more details
ChemSpiderID NA DrugBank Ref drugbankcite correct drugbank Chemical data Hepatitis A vaccine is a vaccine against the hepatitis A virus. The first successful vaccine against it was invented by Maurice ... F International Consensus Group on Hepatitis A Virus Immunity, 2003. Hepatitis A booster vaccination is there a need? Lancet. 2003 Sep 27 362 9389 1065 71. ref . The vaccine contains inactivated Hepatitis ... info cite web title Hepatitis A Vaccine Information work Vaccine Information publisher ImmunizationInfo ... 2006 cite web title Hepatitis A Vaccine What you need to know work Vaccine Information Statement publisher ... 2007 03 12 ref Hepatitis A is the most common vaccine preventable virus acquired during travel, ref name CDC Yellow Book cite web title Hepatitis, Viral, Type A work Travelers Health Yellow Book CDC ... CDC 2006 ref name NHS 2006 cite web title Hepatitis A Introduction publisher NHS Direct url http www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk ... against Hepatitis A begins approximately two to four weeks after the initial vaccination ref name ... TW, et al title Persistence of antibody to Hepatitis A virus 10 years after vaccination among ... Avaxim 160U Packaging This may not be a comprehensive list of all commercial Hepatitis A vaccines available ... test they use to measure Hepatitis A antigen in their products. Avaxim made by Sanofi Pasteur . Inactivated Hepatitis A virus produced in MRC 5 cells. Each dose contains 160 U of antigen adsorbed on aluminium ... of synthetic lipids and influenza proteins in addition to the Hepatitis A antigen. It does not contain ... November 2010. ref Havrix made by GlaxoSmithKline . Inactivated Hepatitis A virus produced in MRC 5 ... Vaqta made by Merck . Inactivated Hepatitis A virus produced in MRC 5 cells. An adult dose contains ... Use dmy dates date June 2011 DEFAULTSORT Hepatitis A Vaccine Category Vaccines ... more details
a global response to hepatitis. Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D and E can cause acute and chronic ...World Hepatitis Day , observed July 28, aims to raise global awareness of hepatitis B and hepatitis C ... either hepatitis B or hepatitis C. ref http www.elpa info.org index.php general news reader items id ... 1 in 12 people, and was the basis for the 2008 http www.aminumber12.org World Hepatitis Day Am I Number 12? campaign . If left untreated and unmanaged, hepatitis B or C can lead to advanced liver scarring ... worry more about contracting AIDS than Hepatitis, the reality is that every year 1.5 million people worldwide die from either hepatitis B or C faster than they would from AIDS. ref name url cite press release title World Hepatitis Alliance Calls on Governments to Take Urgent Action to Tackle Chronic Viral Hepatitis B & C Epidemic 2008 url http www.aminumber12.org Content PDF news 0004.pdf work World Hepatitis Day Home Page publisher World Hepatitis Alliance accessdate 2008 08 18 ref World Hepatitis Day has been led by the World Hepatitis Alliance since 2007 and on May 2010, it got global endorsement ... EB126 B126 R16 en.pdf ref History The inaugural International Hepatitis C Awareness day, coordinated ... cgi release?id 131262 ref however many patient groups continued to mark hepatitis day ... work Asia Africa Intelligence Wire title Roche Pakistan to sponsor Hepatitis C awareness campaign date 2004 10 21 ref In 2007 the World Hepatitis Alliance was formed to unite worldwide hepatitis B and hepatitis ... hepatitis. ref http worldhepatitisalliance.org TheWHA Our History.aspx ref With input of its members organizations from around the world working in the field of hepatitis , the newly titled World Hepatitis ... I Number 12? referred to the worldwide statistic that 1 in 12 people are living with viral hepatitis B or hepatitis C 6 , and the slogan was translated into 40 different languages for use by patient organizations ... Hepatitis Day, with many alliance members also creating a hepatitis themed 12 asks of government . ref ... more details
Hepatitis F is a hypothetical virus linked to hepatitis . Several hepatitis F candidates emerged in the 1990s none of these reports have been substantiated. ref cite journal author Uchida, T. title Genetic Variations of the Hepatitis B Virus and Their Clinical Relevance journal Microbiol. Immunol. year 1993 pages 425 39 volume 37 issue 6 pmid 7694049 ref ref cite journal author Fagan, E. A. title Acute Liver Failure of Unknown Pathogenesis The Hidden Agenda journal Hepatology year 1994 pages 1307 12 volume 19 issue 5 pmid 8175156 doi 10.1002 hep.1840190532 ref ref name Bowden 2001 cite journal author Bowden, S. title New Hepatitis Viruses Contenders and Pretenders journal J Gastroenterol. Hepatol. year 2001 pages 124 31 volume 16 issue 2 pmid 11207890 doi 10.1046 j.1440 1746.2001.02405.x ref In 1994, Deka et al. reported that novel viral particles had been discovered in the stool of post transfusion, non hepatitis A , non hepatitis B , non hepatitis C , non hepatitisE patients. ref name Deka 1994 cite journal author Deka N, Sharma MD, Mukerjee R title Isolation of the novel agent from human stool samples that is associated with sporadic non A, non B hepatitis journal J. Virol. year 1994 pages 7810 5 volume 68 issue 12 pmid 7966570 pmc 237242 ref Injection of these particles into the bloodstream of Indian rhesus monkey s caused hepatitis, and the virus was named hepatitis F or Toga ... as a cause for infectious hepatitis. ref name Bowden 2001 ref name Kelly 2002 cite journal author Kelly, D. Skidmore, S. title Hepatitis C Z recent advances journal Arch. Dis. Child. year 2002 pages ... virus thought to cause hepatitis was named Hepatitis G virus, though its role in hepatitis has ..., S. Roudot Thoraval, F. title Hepatitis G Virus A Suitable Marker of in vivo Efficacy for Pathogen ... 10.1111 j.1423 0410.2008.01050.x url ref References Reflist 2 Category Hepatitis F dv es Hepatitis F fr H patite F ja F zh ... more details
A hepatitis C vaccine refers to a vaccine used against hepatitis C . Although vaccines exist for hepatitis A and hepatitis B , development of a hepatitis C vaccine has presented challenges. ref name pmid10359539 cite journal author Randal J title Hepatitis C vaccine hampered by viral complexity, many technical restraints journal J. Natl. Cancer Inst. volume 91 issue 11 pages 906 8 year 1999 month June pmid 10359539 doi 10.1093 jnci 91.11.906 url http jnci.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 10359539 ref No vaccine is currently available, but several vaccines are currently under development. ref name pmid18501853 cite journal author Strickland GT, El Kamary SS, Klenerman P, Nicosia A title Hepatitis C vaccine supply and demand journal Lancet Infect Dis volume 8 issue 6 pages 379 86 year 2008 month June pmid 18501853 doi 10.1016 S1473 3099 08 70126 9 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S1473 3099 08 70126 9 ref Some efforts have entered Phase I II human clinical trials. ref Cite journal last1 Halliday first1 J. last2 Klenerman first2 P. last3 Barnes first3 E. title Vaccination for hepatitis C virus closing in on an evasive target. journal Expert Rev Vaccines volume 10 issue 5 pages 659 72 month May year 2011 doi 10.1586 erv.11.55 PMID 21604986 ref One effort has involved use of the hepatitis B core antigen . ref name pmid17203519 cite journal author Chen JY, Li F title Development of hepatitis C virus vaccine using hepatitis B core antigen as immuno carrier journal World J. Gastroenterol. volume 12 issue 48 pages 7774 8 year 2006 month December pmid 17203519 doi url http www.wjgnet.com 1007 9327 12 7774.asp ref References reflist Category Vaccines Vaccines ... more details
, G., Yanguez, E., & Chen, Z. L. 2011 . The duck hepatitis virus 5 UTR possesses HCVlike IRES activity ... DHBV genus Enterovirus species Duck Hepatitis Virus I, Ia, II, III, and Duck Hepatitis B Virus Introduction Duck hepatitis is caused by the enteroviruses DHV 1 and DHV 3. It is a fatal disease of ducklings causing opisthotonus and hepatitis . DHV 1 is found worldwide and causes disease in young ... in ducklings, duck hepatitis virus , DHV 1, is a Picornavirus that is distributed all over the world ... , 8 147 , 1 11 ref . Duck hepatitis virus , DHV, type 1 DHV 1 , type 1a DHV 1a , type 2 DHV 2 , and type ... between duck hepatitis virus type 1 and type 1a is, in essense, the same as one another ref ... between type specific duck hepatitis virus type 1 DHV 1 and recent Korean DHV 1 like isolates using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathology , 37 2 , 171 177 ref . Duck Hepatitis is a Class ... . The disease is not considered a zoonosis . Duck hepatitis B virus , or DHBV, is a part of the Hepadnaviridae family that also comprises human Hepatitis B virus and Woodchuck hepatitis virus . It is vastly found among the wild and domestic duck population due to being passed on in utero. Duck hepatitis ... infection ref Wang, C. Y. J., Giambrone, J. J., & Smith, B. F. 2002 . Detection of Duck Hepatitis ... of the Hepatitis B virus , it is used for study as a safe alternative ref Wang, C. Y. J., Giambrone, J. J., & Smith, B. F. 2002 . Detection of Duck Hepatitis B Virus DNA on Filter Paper by PCR and SYBR ..., K., & Summers, J. 1988 . Duck Hepatitis B Virus DHBV Particles Produced by Transient Expression ... 3516 ref . Classifications Duck hepatitis virus type 1 is classified as an enterovirus , DHV 2 is an astrovirus ..., J. H. K. J. 2006 . Molecular analysis of duck hepatitis virus type 1 reveals a novel lineage close .... References Reflist Duck Hepatitis Virus , expert reviewed and published by Wikivet at http en.wikivet.net Duck Hepatitis Virus, accessed 01 09 2011 Category Poultry diseases Category ... more details
Drugbox Verifiedfields changed verifiedrevid 447912967 image drug name Hepatitis B vaccine Vacine data type vaccine target Hepatitis B vaccine type subunit Clinical data tradename Drugs.com drugs.com monograph hepatitis b vaccine MedlinePlus a607014 pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D ... ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite changed chemspider ChemSpiderID NA Chemical data Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine developed for the prevention of hepatitis B hepatitis B virus infection . The vaccine contains one of the viral envelope proteins , hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg . It is produced ... recombivax drug.htm title Hepatitis B Vaccine from Merck accessdate 2010 05 09 ref A course ... hepb vaccine information.htm title Hepatitis B Vaccine date 2009 01 31 publisher Hepatitis B ... and immune system memory then provide immunity to hepatitis B infection. ref Cite web url http www.cdc.gov hepatitis index.htm title CDC Viral Hepatitis date 2009 07 24 publisher Centers for Disease ... where it is grown, harvested, and purified. HBV infection cannot occur from receiving hepatitis ... by virologist Alfred Prince, in 1968 that the Australia antigen was part of a virus that caused hepatitis ... still in use today. Recommended populations Babies born to mothers were vaccinated with hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg and injected with hepatitis B immunoglobulin HBIG . ref name pmid16371945 Cite pmid 16371945 ref Many countries now routinely vaccinate infants against hepatitis B. In countries with high rates of hepatitis B infection, vaccination of newborns has not only reduced the risk ... the implementation of a nationwide hepatitis B vaccination program in 1984 was associated with a decline ... NEJM199706263362602 ref In many areas, vaccination against hepatitis B is also required for all health ... 3rd chapter Chapter 12 Immunisation of healthcare and laboratory staff Hepatitis B chapterurl http www.dh.gov.uk ... response, which is defined as an Hepatitis B virus anti hepatitis B surface antigen anti ... more details
N, Chang HE, Nicolas E, Han Z, Jarnik M, Taylor J title Properties of subviral particles of hepatitis ... journal author Osiowy C, Giles E, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, Minuk GY title Molecular evolution of hepatitis ... cite journal author Palumbo E title Hepatitis B genotypes and response to antiviral therapy ...For the disease Hepatitis B Taxobox name Hepatitis B virus image Hepatitis B virus 1.jpg image width 160px image caption Transmission electron microscopy TEM micrograph showing hepatitis B viruses virus group VII ordo Unassigned familia Hepadnaviridae genus Orthohepadnavirus species Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B virus , abbreviated HBV , is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus , which is likewise ... virol hepatitis virus.htm title Hepatitis viruses accessdate 2008 03 13 last Hunt first ... ref This virus causes the disease hepatitis B. ref name pmid18824707 Disease main Hepatitis B In addition to causing hepatitis B, infection with HBV can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular ... al. title Solution structure of stem loop alpha of the hepatitis B virus post transcriptional regulatory ... hepatitis B virus and pancreatic cancer journal J. Clin. Oncol. volume 26 issue 28 pages 4557 62 year ... pmidlookup?view long&pmid 18824707 ref Classification The hepatitis B virus is classified as the type species of the Orthohepadnavirus , which contains three other species the Ground squirrel hepatitis virus , Woodchuck hepatitis virus , and the Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus . The genus is classified ... International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ref Viruses similar to hepatitis B have been found .... ref name pmid15752827 cite journal author Kramvis A, Kew M, Fran ois G title Hepatitis B virus ... and molecular epidemiology of the hepatitis B virus as reflected by sequence variability of the S gene ... Structure Hepatitis B virus is a member of the Hepadnaviridae Hepadnavirus family . ref name Baron cite book author Zuckerman AJ title Hepatitis Viruses. In Baron s Medical Microbiology Baron ... more details
Taxobox name Hepatitis B virus image image width image caption virus group VII ordo Unassigned familia Hepadnaviridae genus Orthohepadnavirus species Woodchuck hepatitis virus The Woodchuck hepatitis virus is a species of the genus Orthohepadnavirus . It is not a deadly virus. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Category Viral diseases Virus stub ... more details
about the viral particle the disease Hepatitis C Taxobox name Hepatitis C virus image HCV EM picture 2.png image width 250px image caption Electron micrograph of hepatitis C virus purified from cell culture ... type species Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus HCV is a small 55 65 Nanometre nm in size , viral ... of the family Flaviviridae . Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C in humans. Structure Image HCV structure.png left thumb Simplified diagram of the structure of the Hepatitis C virus particle The hepatitis C virus particle consists of a core of genetic material RNA , surrounded by an Truncated .... ref name pmid12820185 cite journal author Op De Beeck A, Dubuisson J title Topology of hepatitis ... of Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C virus has a positive sense single stranded RNA genome . The genome ... cite journal author Kato N title Genome of human hepatitis C virus HCV gene organization, sequence ... R title Hepatitis C IRES translating translation into a therapeutic target journal Curr. Opin. Mol ... of the hepatitis C virus HCV IRES contains a four way helical junction that is integrated within ... viral particles. ref name pmid17552023 cite journal author Dubuisson J title Hepatitis C ... ref Structural proteins made by the hepatitis C virus include Core protein, E1 HCV E1 and E2 HCV ... R, Lohmann V title Replication of hepatitis C virus journal J. Gen. Virol. volume 81 issue ... C title Unravelling hepatitis C virus replication from genome to function journal Nature volume ... HCV isolates, the hepatitis C virus species is classified into seven genotypes 1 7 with several subtypes ... first Tatsunori title An updated analysis of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes based on the complete ..., Penin F, Sablon E, Shin I T, Stuyver L, Thiel H, Viazov S, Weiner A, Widell A title Consensus proposals for a unified system of nomenclature of hepatitis C virus genotypes journal Hepatology volume ... Okamoto first13 H last14 Pawlotsky first14 JM last15 Penin first15 F last16 Sablon first16 E last17 ... more details
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