Infobox World Heritage Site WHS Heart of NeolithicOrkney Image Image Orkney Skara Brae.jpg 300px Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae, Europe s most complete Neolithic village. State Party United Kingdom Type Cultural Criteria i, ii, iii, iv ID 514 Region List of World Heritage Sites in Europe Europe and North America Year 1999 Session 23rd Link http whc.unesco.org en list 514 Heart of NeolithicOrkney refers to a group of Neolithic monuments found on the Mainland, Orkney Mainland , one of the islands of Orkney , Scotland. The name was adopted by UNESCO when it proclaimed these sites as a World Heritage Site in 1999. The site of patrimony currently consists of four sites Maeshowe a unique chambered cairn and passage grave , aligned so that its central chamber is illuminated on the winter solstice ... Europe s best preserved Neolithic village. ref http www.historic scotland.gov.uk index places propertyresults ... as a Neolithic cathedral . ref name Towrie Towrie, Sigurd 16 August 2007 http www.orkneyjar.com archaeology nob2007.htm Stone wall hints at Neolithic spiritual barrier dead link date September 2011 ... 2007 Orkney A sic Historical Guide . Edinburgh. Birlinn. Specific references and notes refend reflist 2 Prehistoric Orkney World Heritage Sites in the United Kingdom coord 58 59 45.8 N 3 11 19.2 ... sites in Orkney Category Prehistoric Orkney Category Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Scotland Category Stone Age sites in Scotland cy Calon Ynysoedd Erch Neolithig de The Heart of NeolithicOrkney el es Coraz n neol tico de las Orcadas fr C ur n olithique des Orcades hr Neolitski Orkney it Cuore delle Orcadi neolitiche ka he nl Heart of NeolithicOrkney ja ru simple Heart of NeolithicOrkney uk vi Di ch th i m i Orkney ... more details
File N olithique 0001.jpg thumb 250px An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. Neolithic stone implements are by definition polished and except for specialty items not chipped. Neolithic 257 The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age , was a period ... as the last part of the Stone Age . The Neolithic followed the terminal Holocene Epipaleolithic period, beginning with the History of agriculture rise of farming , which produced the Neolithic Revolution ... directly into the Iron Age , depending on the geographical region. The Neolithic is a measured ... long advocated replacing Neolithic with a more descriptive term, such as Early Village Communities , although this has not gained wide acceptance. ref New findings put the beginning of the Neolithic ... of the Neolithic culture is considered to be in the Levant Jericho , modern day West Bank ... thus be called proto Neolithic 12,500 9500 BC or 12,000 9500 BC ref name Bellwood . As the Natufians ... Africa and North Mesopotamia . Early Neolithic farming was limited to a narrow range of plants ... the pottery industry. ref Not all of these cultural elements characteristic of the Neolithic appeared ... domesticated in the earliest Neolithic, or even whether permanently settled communities existed ... events led to their own regionally distinctive Neolithic cultures that arose completely independent ... sapiens sapiens reached the Neolithic. Homo floresiensis may have survived right up to the very dawn of the Neolithic, about 12,000 years ago. The term Neolithic derives from the Greek language Greek ... of the three age system . Periods by pottery phase In the Middle East, cultures identified as Neolithic ... e.g., Pre Pottery Neolithic A and Pre Pottery Neolithic B and from there spread eastwards and westwards. Neolithic cultures are also attested in southeastern Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia ... Xinglongwa cultures of about 5000 6000 BC, neolithic cultures east of the Taihang Mountains , filling ... more details
. Four of the main Neolithic sites are included in the Heart of NeolithicOrkney World Heritage Site ... and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts , Orkney was invaded and forcibly annexed by Norway ... s burgh s, Kirkwall and Stromness , are on this island, which is also the heart of Orkney s transportation ...About the islands in northern Scotland other places of the same name Orkney disambiguation Infobox Scotland council area Council Orkney br Arcaibh common name Orkney Image File Orkney Islands in Scotland.svg 250px image logo 2007 Flag of Orkney.svg logo Flag of Orkney logo type Flag image coat Orkney ... Demonym population blank1 Orcadian PopulationDensity 52 sq mi 20 km CouncilDetails Orkney Islands ... control MPs ul li Alistair Carmichael ul MSPs ul li Liam McArthur ul Orkney lang gd Arcaibh ref ... as the Orkney Islands and sometimes The Orkneys , a name which locals disparage , tag ref Although ... ever right? And other musings on Orkney usage. Orkneyjar. Retrieved 29 July 2009. ref group ... . Orkney comprises approximately 70 islands of which 20 are inhabited. ref Haswell Smith 2004 pp. 336 ..., Orkney Mainland has an area of convert 523.25 km2 sqmi making it the sixth largest List ... Lamb, Raymond Kirkwall in Omand 2003 p. 184. ref The name Orkney dates back to the 1st century BC ... of Denmark, Queen of Scotland Margaret of Denmark . ref Thompson 2008 p. 220. ref Orkney contains some of the oldest and best preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, and the Heart of NeolithicOrkney is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site . Orkney is one of the 32 Subdivisions of Scotland council areas of Scotland, a Orkney Scottish Parliament constituency constituency of the Scottish Parliament ... . The local council is Orkney Islands Council, one of only three Councils in Scotland with a majority ... 1654 ORCADVM ET SCHETLANDI Orkney and Shetland.jpg thumb alt An old map of two island groups with the Orcades ..., topped by a yellow and blue shield. Willem Blaeu Blaeu s 1654 map of Orkney and Shetland. The original ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image Orkney Skara Brae.jpg thumb left 200px Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period. In Southwest Asia , Neolithic culture s appear soon after 10000 BC, initially in the Levant Pre Pottery Neolithic A and Pre Pottery Neolithic B and from there spread eastwards and westwards. There are early Neolithic cultures in Southeast Anatolia, Syria and Iraq by 8000 BC, and food producing societies first appear in southeast Europe by 7000 BC, and Central Europe by c. 5500 BC of which the earliest cultural complexes include the Starcevo K r s Star& 269 evo Koros Cris , Linearbandkeramic , and Vinca culture Vin& 269 a . With very small exceptions a few copper hatchet s and spear heads in the Great Lakes North America Great Lakes region , the people of the Americas and the Pacific remained at the Neolithic level of technology up until the time of European contact. File Anta Cerqueira em Couto Esteves.JPG thumb 300px A dolmen at Couto Esteves , Portugal . The Neolithic peoples in the Levant , Anatolia , Syria .... In Europe , Neolithic long house long houses built from wattle and daub were constructed ... there are many thousand still in existence. Neolithic people in the British Isles built long barrow ... of the megalith s found in Western Europe and the Mediterranean were also erected in the Neolithic ... temple is Ggantija on Gozo Island . Neolithic pile dwelling s have been excavated in Sweden ... Unteruhldingen Unteruhldingen and Zurich Pfahlbauland . In Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, Neolithic ..., which was still used by Romanians and Ukrainians up until the 20th Century. Neolithic List of archaeological sites settlements include Jericho in the Levant , Neolithic from around 8350 BC, arising ... and Skara Brae , the Orkney Islands , Prehistoric Scotland Scotland , from 3500 BC. over 3000 settlements ... Dolmen DEFAULTSORT Neolithic Architecture Category Architectural history bs Neolitska arhitektura ... more details
Image Neolithic expansion.svg thumb 250px Map showing the Neolithic expansions from the 7th to the 5th ... in ca. 4000 3500 BC Neolithic Europe refers to a prehistoric period in which Neolithic technology was present ... . The Neolithic overlaps the Mesolithic and Bronze Age periods in Europe as cultural changes moved ... of the Neolithic varies from place to place, its end marked by the introduction of bronze implements ... of specific chronology, many European Neolithic groups share basic characteristics, such as living ..., with some Neolithic communities in southeastern Europe living in heavily fortified settlements of 3,000 4,000 people e.g., Sesklo in Greece whereas Neolithic groups in England were small possibly ..., subsistence practices and ideology of the peoples of Neolithic Europe are obtained from ... genetics has provided independent data on the population history of Neolithic Europe, including migration ... European languages and Neolithic peoples. Some archaeologists believe that the expansion of Neolithic ... of the Neolithic Archeologists believe that food producing societies first emerged in the Levant ine ... Cave , and a number of mainland sites in Thessaly . Neolithic groups appear soon afterwards in the Balkans and south central Europe. The Neolithic cultures of southeastern Europe the Balkans , Italy ... e.g., atalh y k . Current evidence suggests that Neolithic material culture was introduced to Europe ... are due to diffusion out of Europe. All Neolithic sites in Europe contain pottery ceramic s, and contain ... place in Neolithic Europe, and that all domesticated animals were originally domesticated in Southwest ... Bellwood 2004, pp. 74, 118. ref Archaeologists seem to agree that the culture of the early Neolithic is relatively homogeneous, compared both to the late Mesolithic and the later Neolithic. The diffusion ... plain . In general, colonization shows a saltatory pattern, as the Neolithic advanced from one ... show clearly that Mesolithic and Neolithic populations lived side by side for as much as a millennium ... more details
Stone Age Trihedral Neolithic is a name given by archaeologists to a style or archaeological industry industry of striking spheroid and trihedral flint tools from the archaeological site of Joub Jannine II in the Beqaa Valley , Lebanon . ref Fleisch, Henri., Les industries lithiques r centes de la B kaa, R publique Libanaise, Acts of the 6th C.I.S.E.A., vol. XI, no. 1. Paris, 1960. ref The style appears to represent a highly specialized Neolithic industry. Little comment has been made of this industry. ref name CopelandWescombe1965 cite book author1 Lorraine Copeland author2 P. Wescombe title Inventory of Stone Age sites in Lebanon, p. 43 url http books.google.com books?id 6YsRRwAACAAJ accessdate 21 July 2011 year 1965 publisher Imprimerie Catholique ref References reflist Category Archaeological cultures Category Neolithic Category Lithics ... more details
NeolithicNeolithic Tibet refers to a prehistoric period in which Neolithic technology was present in Tibet . Tibet has been inhabited since the Late Paleolithic . ref name Zhao Zhao M, Kong QP, Wang HW, Peng MS, Xie XD, Wang WZ, Jiayang, Duan JG, Cai MC, Zhao SN, Cidanpingcuo, Tu YQ, Wu SF, Yao YG, Bandelt HJ, Zhang YP. 2009 . Mitochondrial genome evidence reveals successful Late Paleolithic settlement on the Tibetan Plateau. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 21230 21235. doi 10.1073 pnas.0907844106 PMID 19955425 ref During the mid Holocene , Neolithic immigrants from northern China largely replaced the original inhabitants, bringing with them elements of Neolithic culture and technology, although a degree of genetic continuity with the Paleolithic settlers still exists. ref name Zhao Migration During the mid Holocene , Neolithic settlers from northern China migrated to Tibet, ref name Zhao possibly from a mixture of the Yangshao culture , which inhabited modern day Henan , Shaanxi , and Shanxi , and the Majiayao culture , which inhabited the upper Yellow River region in modern day Gansu and Qinghai . ref name Blench Blench, pp. 76 77 ref Archaeological evidence suggests that the spread of the Sino Tibetan proto language was caused by the westward expansion of the Yangshao culture, intermingling with the Majiayao culture, which expanded further west into the Himalaya s. ref name Blench The neolithic cultures of Kashmir , northern Sikkim , Qamdo , and Bhutan are all the result of this migration into the Tibetan Plateau , primarily through the use of two routes. ref name Blench The first, the southward route through modern day Sichuan into Sikkim , Bhutan and southeastern Tibet .... ref name Blench Blench, pp. 76 77 ref Archaeological sites Evidence of neolithic Tibetan inhabitants ... the Neolithic Qijia culture in Gansu and Qinghai , while findings in Qamdo resemble the Dadunzi site in Yunnan , although there may be some connections with the Neolithic culture of the Yellow River ... more details
File Heavyneolithicscraper.jpg right 250px thumb Heavy Neolithic tools of the Qaraoun culture found at Mtaileb ... grey and streaky silicious limestone. Stone Age Heavy Neolithic alternatively, Gigantolithic is a style ... culture in the Beqaa Valley , Lebanon , dating to the Epipaleolithic or early Pre pottery Neolithic ... site for the Qaraoun culture is Qaraoun II . Naming The term Heavy Neolithic was translated by Lorraine ... termed Gigantolithic and confirmed as Neolithic by Alfred Rust and Dorothy Garrod. Characteristics ... Neolithic industry occurred before the invention of pottery and is characterized by huge, coarse, heavy ... 6, p. 509, 1963. ref James Mellaart suggested the industry dated to a period before the Pottery Neolithic ... Pottery Neolithic cultures can be traced back to the Lebanon. ref name Mellaart James Mellaart .... Heavy Neolithic sites were found near sources of flint and were thought to be factories ... technique Levallois cores. ref name Moore2 cite book last Moore first A.M.T. title The Neolithic of the Levant ... 183.html ref The identification of Heavy Neolithic sites in Lebanon was complicated ... particular problems with sites where Heavy Neolithic material was mixed with that from the Lower ... similar to Heavy Neolithic ones were found at later Neolithic surfaces sites, little relationship could be established between those found at the later Neolithic tell s, where flints were often sparse ... Neolithic zone of the north Bekaa Valley could also not be clearly defined but was suggested to be in the area ... out yet to conclude whether the bands of Neolithic surface sites continues north into the areas around ... ref Sites Apart from the type site, Qaraoun II , other sites with Heavy Neolithic finds include Qaraoun ... . ref name Moore cite book last Moore first A.M.T. title The Neolithic of the Levant publisher ... 185.html ref ref name Mellaart The Heavy Neolithic industry has also been identified at the Palestine ... title The Neolithic of the Levant publisher Oxford University, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis year 1978 ... more details
Stone Age Shepherd Neolithic is a name given by archaeologists to a style or archaeological industry industry of small flint tools from the Hermel plains in the north Beqaa Valley , Lebanon . ref Fleisch, Henri., Les industries lithiques r centes de la B kaa, R publique Libanaise, Acts of the 6th C.I.S.E.A., vol. XI, no. 1. Paris, 1960. ref The Shepherd Neolithic industry has been insufficiently studied and was provisionally named based on a limited typology collected by Jesuit archaeologist P re Henri Fleisch . ref name CopelandWescombe1965 cite book author1 Lorraine Copeland author2 P. Wescombe title Inventory of Stone Age sites in Lebanon, p. 43 url http books.google.com books?id 6YsRRwAACAAJ accessdate 21 July 2011 year 1965 publisher Imprimerie Catholique ref Lorraine Copeland and Peter J. Wescombe suggested it was possibly of quite late date . ref name CopelandWescombe1965 Characteristics Shepherd Neolithic material can be found dispersed over a wide area of the north Beqaa Valley in low concentrations. M. Billaux and Henri Fleisch suggested that the flints were of a higher quality than the brittle flint in the nearby Conglomerate geology conglomerates indicating that they had been imported from somewhere else. Three groups of flint could be determined light brown, red brown and that varied but was usually grey chocolate that was distinguished with a radiant desert shine . Characteristics of the industry include smallness in size, commonly between 2.5 cm and 4 cm and frequently ... or even Pottery Neolithic . He further suggested that the industry could have been used by nomad ic ... air. BSPF, vol. 63. ref The relationship and dividing line between the related Heavy Neolithic zone ... whether the bands of Neolithic surface sites continues south into the areas around Zahle and Rayak ... the type sites at El Qaa and Maakne I other sites with Shepherd Neolithic finds include Douris Baalbek ... cultures Category Neolithic Category Lithics ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 The Neolithic tombs of Northwestern Europe , particularly Ireland , were built by the Neolithic New Stone Age people in the period 4000 2000 BC. There are four main types Passage grave s Portal dolmen s Court cairn s Wedge shaped gallery grave s Standing Stones All these types of tomb were built from large slabs of Rock geology rock which were uncut or worked only slightly. In each case, there was a doorway made from two large stones facing each other. The doorway led to an inner chamber, or a passage and chamber, lined with flat slabs. In all but the portal dolmens, the tomb was then covered in earth and small stones to make a mound. While some of these stone structures did indeed have human remains contained within them, it is erroneous to suggest that they all were tombs . It is peculiar to note that after being in use for 3 4,000 years many of these contained no bones whatsoever. Some remains that were carbon dated showed that the interments were inserted hundreds of years after the megaliths were constructed. It would seem that when the original purpose of the passage tombs was abandoned, they were adapted for use as crypts by later generations. Category Burial monuments and structures euro archaeology stub ... more details
Neolithic The Neolithic Revolution was the first agricultural revolution. It was the transition from ..., No. 1, 19 October 2010 ref However, the Neolithic Revolution involved far more than the adoption ... full blown manifestation of the entire Neolithic complex is seen in the Middle East ern Sumer ian cities ca. 3,500 BC , whose emergence also inaugurates the end of the prehistoric Neolithic period. The relationship of the above mentioned Neolithic characteristics to the onset of agriculture, their sequence of emergence, and empirical relation to each other at various Neolithic sites remains the subject ... laws of social evolution . ref http cas.bellarmine.edu tietjen images neolithic agriculture.htm ... farmstead on a site occupied from 3500 BC to 3100 BC The term Neolithic Revolution was coined in the 1920s ... that dawn of the neolithic revolution originated over long periods of development in the Levant , possibly beginning during the Epipaleolithic . In A Reassessment of the Neolithic Revolution , Frank ...., A Reassessment of the Neolithic Revolution, Pal orient, Volume 10, Issue 10 2, pp. 49 60, 1984. ref ... existed, only one Homo sapiens reached the Neolithic. Domestication of plants Image Molino neol tico de vaiv n.jpg thumb right Neolithic grindstone for processing grain Once agriculture started gaining ... their edible seeds longer. Several plant species, the pioneer crops or Neolithic founder crops ... and successfully domesticated thousands of years later rye , tried and abandoned in Neolithic Anatolia ... domestication, breaking dormancy in their first year, was found in the early Neolithic at Jerf el ... by the early Neolithic site of Gilgal, Bik at HaYarden Gilgal I , where in 2006 ref Cite web ... of the plants tried and then abandoned during the Neolithic period in the Ancient Near East, at sites ... The Neolithic Revolution is believed to have become widespread in southwest Asia around 8000 BC 7000 ... as to which of the genders performed what task in Neolithic cultures, by comparison with historical ... more details
History of Algeria The Neolithic Subpluvial sometimes called the Holocene Wet Phase was an extended period from about 7500 7000 BC to about 3500 3000 BC of wet and rainy conditions in the climate history of northern Africa. It was both preceded and followed by much drier periods. The Neolithic Subpluvial was the most recent of a number of periods of Wet Sahara or Green Sahara , during which the region was much more moist and supported a richer Biota ecology biota and human population than the present day desert. Date ranges The Neolithic Subpluvial began during the 7th millennium BC and was strong for about 2000 years it waned over time and ended after the 5.9 kiloyear event 3,900 BCE . Then the drier conditions that prevailed prior to the Neolithic Subpluvial returned desertification advanced, and the Sahara desert formed or re formed . Arid conditions have continued through to the present day. ref Sources differ on specific date ranges, which necessarily varied over such a wide geographic expanse. One Bard, Kathryn A. 1999 , ed. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London, Routledge, pg 863 gives 9000&ndash 5000 BP, or 7000&ndash 3000 BCE, for the duration of the subpluvial. Another Wilkinson, Toby A. H. 1999 , Early Dynastic Egypt. London, Routledge, pg 372 places the end of the subpluvial c. 3300 BCE. ref Geography and hydrography During the Neolithic Subpluvial, large areas of North Africa North , Central Africa Central , and East Africa had Hydrography hydrographic profiles significantly different from later norms. Existing lakes had surfaces tens of meters higher than today, sometimes with alternative drainages Lake Turkana , in present day Kenya , drained into the Nile River basin. Lake Chad reached a maximum extent of some 400,000 square kilometers ... article Prehistoric Central North Africa Clement and fertile conditions during the Neolithic Subpluvial supported increased human settlement of the Nile Valley in Egypt , as well as neolithic societies ... more details
Orkney may refer to Scotland Orkney , an archipelago in Scotland, also known as the Orkney Islands Mainland, Orkney , the largest island in the Orkney archipelago Orkney Scottish Parliament constituency , the constituency for the Orkney Islands in the Scottish Parliament in Edinburgh Orkney Islands Council , the local authority for Orkney Antarctica South Orkney Islands , a group of islands that form part of the British Antarctic Territory South Africa Orkney, North West , a mining town in South Africa Orkney Snork Nie , a sitcom in Afrikaans set in Orkney, North West Province Orkney Stadium Disaster , which occurred in Orkney, North West Province in 1991 Canada Orkney, Saskatchewan , a village Orkney No. 244, Saskatchewan , a rural municipality See also Orkney and Shetland UK Parliament constituency the constituency for Orkney in the British Parliament in London Orkney Movement , part of an electoral coalition, the Orkney and Shetland Movement , formed for the 1987 UK general election Heart of NeolithicOrkney , a World Heritage Site on Mainland Orkney geodis af Orkney de Orkney Begriffskl rung it Orcadi hu Orkney egy rtelm s t lap nl Orkney ... more details
orkney.htm The Heart of NeolithicOrkney . Historic Scotland. Retrieved 5 September 2007. ref .... The Scotsman. ref The Heart of NeolithicOrkney Image Skara Brae house 1 5.jpg thumb right ... together form the Heart of NeolithicOrkney UNESCO World Heritage Site in the western part of the Orkney Mainland and which was inscribed in 1999. ref http whc.unesco.org en list 514 Heart of Neolithic ...Image Orkney Skara Brae.jpg thumb 250px Skara Brae in Orkney is Northern Europe s most complete Neolithic village. History of Scotland Prehistoric Orkney refers to a period in the human occupation of the Orkney ... remains in Orkney, especially from the Neolithic period, four of which form a World Heritage ... substantial structures. The Neolithic in Scotland lasted from approximately 4000 to 2200 BC and Orkney ... any other NeolithicOrkney site and probably dates from about 2500 BC. It was the first Orcadian ... Protohistory written records refer to Orkney during the Scotland during the Roman Empire Roman invasions .... ref ref Hedges 1984 pp. 11&ndash 13, who states that the total number of archaeological sites in Orkney ... of farming and the Neolithic until metalworking commenced. A number of the sites span long periods of time and in particular the distinctions between the Neolithic and the later periods are not clear cut. ref Moffat 2005 p. 147. ref The extraordinary wealth of structures from the Neolithic is not matched ... on the Orkney Mainland unless otherwise stated. Paleolithic No traces have yet been found in Scotland ... millennium BC and the current Flandrian interglacial began. Since that time the landscape of Orkney ... of ice that remained. This meant that the Orkney islands may have been attached to the mainland, as was the present ... of water when voyaging from mainland Scotland to Orkney. ref ref Brown, John Flett Geology and Landscape ... scant evidence of Mesolithic life in Orkney in particular and Scotland north of Inverness in general ... settlement site found so far on Orkney. ref Towrie, Sigurd 20 March 2008 http www.orkneyjar.com ... more details
includes the Heart of NeolithicOrkney , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . This comprises the large chambered ... island of Orkney , Scotland . Both of Orkney s burgh s, Kirkwall and Stromness , lie on the island, which is also the heart of Orkney s ferry and air connections. Seventy five per cent of Orkney s population ...Infobox Scottish island Image Orkney Islands map mainland highligted.png 500px GridReference HY350158 ... settlement Kirkwall island group Orkney local authority Orkney Islands Council references ref name HS ... also known as the Pomona. ref name Firth cite web url http www.buyorkney.com information orkney guide book 32 firth publisher BuyOrkney title Orkney Guide Book Firth accessdate 2007 08 03 ref Geography ... and South Ronaldsay via Lamb Holm and Glims Holm . Mainland effectively provides the core of the Orkney ... 2008 04 19 ref Sandwick, Orkney Sandwick , Birsay and Stromness lie on the west coast, Rendall and Evie to the north west. Holm, Mainland Orkney Holm , Deerness and St Andrews, Orkney St Andrews are located to the east of central St Ola , which contains Kirkwall town. Firth, Orkney Firth , Orphir ... distinction of being the only landlocked parish in Orkney, although it too has a significant coast ... Image Stromness 2.jpg thumb 250px Stromness is the second largest settlement on Mainland, and Orkney ... to both the southern and northern Orkney Islands. and also to Scapa Flow to the south, one of the world s great natural harbours. Kirkwall is also the traditional seat of the Bishop of Orkney , and St ... Cathedral, built from the Old Red Sandstone prevalent on the island In common with most of the Orkney ... as well as calcium oxide lime and marl are available for manure. Surrounding islands main List of Orkney islands File Blaeu Atlas of Scotland 1654 ORCADVM ET SCHETLANDI Orkney and Shetland.jpg thumb Willem Blaeu Blaeu s 1654 map of Orkney and Shetland. Note the use of Pomonia or Mainland . There are numerous smaller Orkney islands surrounding the mainland, some which are islets only separated ... more details
Taxobox name Orkney vole image Topillo de las Orcadas.jpg image width 250px image caption Orkney vole Microtus arvalis orcadensis in the Natural History Museum at Tring regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Rodent ia familia Cricetidae subfamilia Arvicolinae genus Microtus species Common Vole M. arvalis synonyms Microtus orcadensis br Microtus ronaldshaiensis br Microtus rousiensis br Microtus sandayensis br Microtus westrae ref name MSW3 The Orkney vole is a population of the common vole Microtus arvalis found in the Orkney Islands , off the northern coast of Scotland , United Kingdom . Orkney voles are larger than voles from other populations of the common vole. Fact date February 2011 The common vole does not occur elsewhere in the British Isles . The Orkney vole occurs on five islands Mainland, Orkney Mainland Sanday, Orkney Sanday Westray Rousay South Ronaldsay In the past the populations on each of these islands have been named as subspecies, and the Orkney vole as a whole is considered by some taxonomists Who date February 2011 to be a subspecies of the common vole. However, others do not recognise any subspecies of the common vole. ref name MSW3 MSW3 id 13000248 ref Orkney voles do not occur in Great Britain mainland Britain , nor elsewhere in the British Isles , and they are thought to have been introduced to the Orkney archipelago by humans in Neolithic times. The oldest known Carbon 14 radiocarbon dated fossil of Common Vole in Orkney is 4,600 years old this marks the latest possible date of introduction. The likely source areas for Orkney voles are what is now France or Spain . ref cite journal author S. Haynes, M. Jaarola & J. B. Searle year 2003 title Phylogeography of the common vole Microtus arvalis with particular emphasis on the colonization of the Orkney archipelago journal Molecular Ecology journal Molecular Ecology volume ... Mammals of Great Britain Category Orkney Category Endemic fauna of Scotland Microtus stub Orkney ... more details
Orkney and Shetland may refer to The Scottish island groups of Orkney and Shetland , collectively known as the Northern Isles Orkney and Shetland UK Parliament constituency geodis ... more details
Prehistoric Orkney main Prehistoric Orkney Image Orkney Skara Brae.jpg thumb 280px right Neolithic dwellings at Skara Brae , Orkney As with Prehistoric Scotland generally, the arrival of hunter gatherer s in Orkney Islands Orkney had to await the slow retreat of the ice age glacier glaciation . However the rapid spread of Neolithic culture up the western seaways brought early farming settlements and Megalithic ... observatories. Another Neolithic village has been found in the vicinity at Barnhouse Settlement . The brochs of Orkney occur on several islands these structures are often isolated fortified ... are attested in pre Norse Orkney, those being Old Irish language Old Gaelic Old Irish and Latin language Latin . The Roman Empire Romans were aware of, and probably circumnavigated, the Orkney ... Papa in commemoration of the preachers. Norwegian rule main Earldom of Orkney Viking s having ... Hair subdued the rovers in 875 and annexed both Orkney and Shetlands Shetland to Norway. They remained ... lineage is Norwegian. Some Jarl title jarls of Orkney Ragnvald Eysteinsson , 890 Turf Einar , 910 Thorfinn Turf Einarsson, Earl of Orkney , 963 Erlend II Hakon Paulsson , 1103 Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney Saint Magnus , 1108 1117 There is some evidence that Henry Sinclair, 1st Earl of Orkney ... Orkney and Shetland were pledged by Christian I of Denmark Christian I , in his capacity as king .... ref http www.rosslyntemplars.org.uk orkney&shetland.htm Acquisition of Orkney and Shetland 1468 9 ref In 1471 James bestowed the castle and lands of Ravenscraig in Fife on William, earl of Orkney, in exchange for all his rights to the earldom of Orkney, which, by act of parliament , passed on February ... son of James V of Scotland , who had visited Kirkwall twenty four years before, was made sheriff of Orkney ... earl of Orkney by James VI of Scotland James VI , the charter being ratified ten years later to his ... of York disputed with the Norwegians ecclesiastical jurisdiction over Orkney and the right of consecrating ... more details
About a Scottish newspaper the Scottish officer of arms Orkney Herald Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The Orkney Herald was a newspaper in Orkney , Scotland . Ernest Marwick was on its staff from 1955 to 1960. DEFAULTSORT Orkney Herald Category Newspapers published in Scotland Category Orkney Scotland newspaper stub Orkney stub ... more details
NHS Orkney is one of the fourteen regions of the NHS Scotland . It provides healthcare services in the Orkney area. NHS Orkney is headquartered in Garden House Kirkwall . It operates one hospital, Balfour Hospital , in Kirkwall. External links http www.ohb.scot.nhs.uk index.htm NHS Orkney NHS Scotland Category NHS Orkney Scotland org stub NHS stub Orkney stub ... more details
map, Inverness, Nevis Print ref Sanday is one of the inhabited islands in the Orkney Islands , off ... of the Orkney Islands. The main centres of population are Lady Village and Kettletoft . Sanday can be reached by Orkney Ferries or plane from Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland . Cultural activities revolve ... Omand, Donald ed year 2003 title The Orkney Book location Edinburgh publisher Birlinn isbn ref The novelist .... This indicated a Neolithic structure made of turf or burnt peat , a later pre Viking sub circular ... of HMS Goldfinch publisher Orkney Image Library accessdate 2008 02 01 ref Current island activities ... Manse. ref Cite journal title The Islands of Orkney year 2008 ref In 2004, three wind turbines with an installed ... 202004 05.pdf title Chairman s Report publisher Orkney Renewable Energy Forum date 2004 5 accessdate ... , Master of the Queen s Music Walter Traill Dennison 1826 1894 , Orkney Islands Orcadians Orcadian ... , Deputy Lieutenant of Orkney and youngest son of Edward Horwood, of Weston Turville , Buckinghamshire who lived at Scar House. Liam McArthur MSP for Orkney John D Mackay b. 1909 , Headmaster of Sanday ... East OrkneyOrkney Islands Islands of Scotland Category Islands of the Orkney Islands ang Sandeg, Orcanege cy Sanday de Sanday el fr Sanday Orcades nl Sanday Orkney ja no Sanday ... more details
notability Organizations date May 2011 refimprove date May 2011 Infobox organization name The Orkney Club formation Start date 1826 website http www.theorkneyclub.co.uk www.theorkneyclub.co.uk location Kirkwall , Orkney The Orkney Club is situated in Kirkwall , Orkney . It was founded in 1826 as a Gentlemen s club traditional gentlemen s club , ladies first being admitted as members in 1994. Membership of the club is by nomination and election. External links http www.theorkneyclub.co.uk Official website Category Organisations based in Orkney ... more details
for other uses Firth disambiguation Image Finstownwood.jpg right thumb 300px One of the few woods in Orkney at Finstown. The house in the background is Binscarth Firth Fj r r ref name Pedersen Pedersen, Roy January 1992 Orkneyjar ok Katanes map, Inverness, Nevis Print ref meaning a firth or fjord is a parish mainly in Mainland, Orkney . The islands of Damsay and Holm of Grimbister , which lie in the Bay of Firth, are also in the parish. It is in the west of the mainland island, lying south of the parish of Rendall , east of Harray and Stenness , north of Orphir and west of St Ola . It is not to be confused with the numerous Firth s that surround Orkney. The main village is Finstown . ref Muir, Tom The West Mainland in Omand, Donald ed. 2003 The Orkney Book . Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN 1 84158 254 9 Page 192. ref References references Orkney Islands Category Parishes of OrkneyOrkney geo stub ... more details
Toab is a settlement on the Orkney Mainland . Toab is located off the A960 road at the head of Deer Sound. It is in the parish of St Andrews, Orkney St Andrews along with Tankerness it is thought its name derives from the Norse language Norse phrase for the place where visiting ships had to pay a toll. ref http www.orkneyjar.com placenames parish.htm Orkney heritage site ref References Reflist External links oscoor gbx HY510069 Orkney geo stub coord 58.94651 2.85328 type landmark region GB source enwiki osgb36 HY510069 display title Category Villages in Orkney ... more details
File Flag of the Earldom of Orkney.png thumb The flag of the Earldom of Orkney The Earldom of Orkney ... of Orkney was passed down the same family line through to the Middle Ages. ref name OxfordOrkney .... ISBN 9780199234820. ref Orkney and Shetland to the north, lie off the northernmost tip of Caithness Scotland . Picts came to Orkney during the Bronze Age Britain Bronze Age and extant archaeological data shows that certainly, there were people living there prior to the Vikings who came to Orkney, probably ... traces of their lives there, their culture did not endure in the early history or character of Orkney. By the 12th century, Orkney was under Norwegian control and by the 13th century, the Orkneyinga ... sources. Norwegian Earldom of Orkney Harald I H rfagre , Harald I of Norway , claimed Orkney and Shetland ... action to secure these isles as realms friendly to his rule at home. Some of his enemies left Orkney for Iceland and perhaps the Faroes. Harald took control of the warrior leaders of Orkney at this point and appointed the Jarl title jarls , or Earl of Orkney earls of Orkney , who would be the highest ... of Magnus Erlendsson, Earl of Orkney Earl Magnus in 1117 resulted in the building of St Magnus Cathedral ... year, the earldom or mormaerdom of Caithness was given over to Magnus II, Earl of Orkney Magnus ... of Norway Haakon VI Magnusson granted the earldom to Henry Sinclair In 1468, the Orkney and Shetland ... over to Scottish lords. In 1471, James gave lands in Caithness Scotland to William, the Earl of Orkney in exchange for his lands and thus Orkney and Shetland became part of the Kingdom of Scotland. Scottish Earldom of Orkney William Sinclair exchanged the title for that of Earl of Caithness in 1470 ... Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell , husband of Mary, Queen of Scots , was created as the Duke of Orkney. When Mary lost her claim to the throne, her husband also lost his to Orkney and the title was considered extinct. Robert Stewart was created as the Earl of Orkney and the title revived but his son ... more details
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