Groupspecificantigen Gag is the genetic material that codes for the core structural proteins of a retrovirus . It comprises part of the gag onc fusion protein . Gag in HIV Image HIV genome.png thumb 402px HIV genome Gag proteins are encoded by the gag gene, and provide structural elements of the virus. p24 p24 makes up the viral capsid. When a Western blot test is used to detect HIV infection, p24 is one of the three major proteins tested for, along with gp120 gp120 gp160 and gp41 gp41 . p6, p7, and p17 p6 and p7 provide the nucleocapsid. p17 provides a protective matrix a protein that forms a scaffold during virion assembly . See also Gag pol translational readthrough site External links http www.stanford.edu group nolan tutorials ret 6 gpedesc.html Diagram at stanford.edu MeshName gag Protein MeshName gag Genes MeshName gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral proteins Category Virology biochemistry stub ... more details
PBB geneid 354 Prostate specificantigen PSA also known as gamma seminoprotein or kallikrein 3 KLK3 is a glycoprotein ... of prostate specificantigen journal J. Clin. Oncol. volume 21 issue 2 pages 383 91 year 2003 month ... 2011, is based on review of evidence studies concluding that Prostate specificantigen based ..., releasing the sperm in a well regulated manner. Biochemistry Prostate specificantigen PSA, also .... ref name pmid14607215 cite journal author Lilja H title Biology of prostate specificantigen ... 10.1016 S0090 4295 03 00775 1 url ref Discovery The discovery of prostate specificantigen PSA is beset ... Rao AR, Motiwala HG, Karim OM title The discovery of prostate specificantigen journal BJU Int. volume ... specificantigen from the prostate prostate antigen . ref name pmid89106 cite journal author Wang MC, Valenzuela LA, Murphy GP, Chu TM title Purification of a human prostate specificantigen journal ..., GP, Chu, TM title Quantitation of prostate specificantigen in serum by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay ... of prostate cancer among men with a prostate specificantigen level or & 61 4.0 ng per ... L, Bruni JF year 1986 chapter Clinical utility of prostate specificantigen PSA in the management ... br cite book author Mytrle JF, Ivor L year 1989 chapter Measurement of Prostate SpecificAntigen PSA ... 1989 chapter Normal Levels of Prostate SpecificAntigen PSA editors Catalona WJ, Coffey DS, Karr JP ... C title Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate specificantigen level or 4.0 ng per ... specificantigen concentrations journal Urology volume 50 issue 2 pages 239 43 year 1997 month August ... hyperplasia on elevated serum prostate specificantigen levels journal J. Urol. volume 154 issue ... on prostate specificantigen levels journal JAMA volume 267 issue 16 pages 2227 8 year 1992 pmid 1372943 ... JE title The effect of digital rectal examination on the serum prostate specificantigen concentration ... and total prostate specificantigen, and the free to total prostate specificantigen ratio in clinical ... more details
Merge to Glutamate carboxypeptidase II discuss Talk Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Merger proposal date March 2011 Prostate specific membrane antigen PSMA is a type 2 integral membrane glycoprotein found in prostate tissues and a few other tissues. It is a possible therapeutic target for prostate cancer . Although it is a marker for prostate cancer little is known about its function in the body. PSMA is expressed on tumor cells as a noncovalent homodimer. ref http www.pnas.org content 100 22 12590.full pnas.org ref It is being used in a nuclear medicine scanning procedure as the cellular target with injected radioactive labeled anti PSMA antibodies as markers to Molecular imaging image benign and malignant prostate acinar glandular tissue, whether in the gland or as cancer metastases elsewhere in the body. ref http www.nature.com pcan journal v3 n1 abs 4500390a.html nature.com ref Numerous clinical trials of cancer therapy are targeted at PSMA. ref name Olsen2007 cite web url http www.bentham.org rrct openaccessarticles rrct2 3 0004RRCT.pdf bentham.org title Clinical Trials of Cancer Therapies Targeting Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen. author Olsen et al. year 2007 ref References reflist See also Glutamate carboxypeptidase II Molecular imaging Optical imaging Prostate specific antigen PSA External links http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 138480.php Role Of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen And Pepsinogen C Tissue Expression As An Adjunctive Method To Prostate Cancer Diagnosis http clincancerres.aacrjournals.org cgi content abstract 3 1 81 Prostate specific membrane antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 9508077 Prostate specific membrane antigen current and future utility. biochem stub Category Tumor markers ... more details
Autologous Patient Specific Tumor Antigen Response technology, or apSTAR, is a new cancer treatment procedure being developed by IMULAN BioTherapeutics, LLC and http www.VetCancer.com Veterinary Cancer Therapeutics, LLC for comparative oncology . Also known as laser assisted immunotherapy , apSTAR is an experimental cancer treatment for solid tumor s that utilizes an autologous vaccine like approach to stimulate immune response s. Specifically, laser assisted immunotherapy combines laser induced in situ tumor devitalization with an immuno adjuvant for local immunostimulation . Experimental data and initial human trials suggests that laser assisted immunotherapy treatment may prolong life and even cure patients with advanced cancer. ref Song S, Zhou F, Nordquist RE, Carubelli R, Liu H, Chen WR. Glycated chitosan as a new non toxic immunological stimulant. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2009 31 2 202 8. ref ref Chen WR, Huang Z, Korbelik M, Nordquist RE, Liu H. Photoimmunotherapy for cancer treatment. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2006 25 1 2 281 91. ref ref Chen WR, Korbelik M, Bartels KE, Liu H, Sun J, Nordquist RE. Enhancement of laser cancer treatment by a chitosan derived immunoadjuvant. Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Jan Feb 81 1 190 5. ref ref Chen WR, Carubelli R, Liu H, Nordquist RE. Laser immunotherapy a novel treatment modality for metastatic tumors. Mol Biotechnol. 2003 Sep 25 1 37 44. ref ref Chen WR, Liu H, Ritchey JW, Bartels KE, Lucroy MD, Nordquist RE. Effect of different components of laser immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic tumors in rats. Cancer Res. 2002 Aug 1 62 15 4295 9. ref ref Chen WR, Zhu WG, Dynlacht JR, Liu H, Nordquist RE. Long term tumor resistance ... specificantigen between hosts as is required in conventional antibody immunotherapy and vaccination ... ref . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Autologous Patient Specific Tumor Antigen Response Category ... to increases in antigen accessibility caused by the destruction of the tumor. Both elements of this protocol ... more details
orphan date August 2011 Stage specific embryonic antigen 3 SSEA 3 is a glycosphingolipid , specifically, an oligosaccharide composed of five carbohydrate units connected to a sphingolipid . Sphinogolipids were originally discovered in 1884 by Dr. Thudichum who named them after the Sphinx of Greek mythology in reference to the unresolved riddle of their function. ref name Thudichum Cite journal last Thudichum first J. L. W. title A Treatise on the Chemical Constitution of Brain journal Bailliere, Tindall, and Cox, London year 1884 ref It is now known that sphingolipids function as key players in cell signaling ref name Futerman Cite journal last Futerman first Dr. journal EMBO reports volume 5 issue 8 pages 777 782 year 2004 ref and the SSEA 3 molecule as a whole plays a key role in identifying many types of mammal ian cells with pluripotent and stem cell like characteristics. ref name eJournal of Cellular Biotechnology Cite journal last Byrne first James title A mini review on stage specific embryonic antigen 3 SSEA 3 journal eJournal of Cellular Biotechnology year 2011 volume 1 eP3 date 2011 07 01 url http biotechnologyfoundation.org discussion forum?mingleforumaction viewtopic&t 9 ref References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Oligosaccharides ... more details
Image Antibody.svg thumb 255px Each antibody binds to a specificantigen an interaction similar to a lock and key. An antigen is a foreign molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system . The immune system will then kill or neutralize the antigen ... is a specific type of antigen. An immunogen is a substance that is able to provoke an adaptive immune ..., they are called tumor specificantigen s TSAs and, in general, result from a tumor specific mutation ... Science, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. ref Self antigens are usually tolerated by the immune system ... 11, Garland Science, Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. ref An immunogen is able to induce an immune response, whereas an antigen is able to combine with the products of an immune response once they are made ... ISBN 1429202114, 9781429202114 ref blockquote At the molecular level, an antigen is characterized by its ability to be bound at the Antibody CDRs.2C Fv.2C Fab and Fc Regions antigen binding site of an antibody. Note also that antibodies tend to discriminate between the specific epitope molecular structures presented on the surface of the antigen as illustrated in the Figure . Antigens are usually ... antigens to the immune system via a histocompatibility molecule . Depending on the antigen presented .... Related concepts Epitope The distinct molecular surface features of an antigen capable of being bound ... polymers, usually present several surface features that can act as points of interaction for specific ... have the potential to be bound by several distinct antibodies, each of which is specific to a particular epitope. Using the lock and key metaphor, the antigen itself can be seen as a string of keys ... match the keys epitopes presented on the antigen molecule. Allergen A substance capable of causing ..., injection, or contact with skin. Superantigen A class of antigens that cause non specific activation ... A substance that invokes a specific immune non responsiveness due to its molecular form . If its molecular ... more details
wiktionarypar specific specifics Specific may refer to Specificity Specific, a cure or therapy for a specific illness Law Specific deterrence , focussed on an individual Specific finding , intermediate verdict used by a jury in determining the final verdict Specific jurisdiction over an out of state party, specific to cases that have a substantial connection to the party s in state activity. Order of specific performance , court order to perform a specific act Economics, finance, and accounting Asset ... Specific Identification , summing purchase costs of all inventory items Specific rate duty , duty paid at a specific amount per unit Specific risk , risk that affects a very small number of assets ... evolutionarily specified, learning devices Specific developmental disorder Specific learning disability Specific phobia , phobia of a specific thing or situation Specific social phobia , triggered only by specific social situations Biology Specific appetite , drive to eat foods with specific flavors or other characteristics Specific enzyme activity , activity per milligram of total protein Specific granule , secretory vesicle in granulocytes Specific growth rate , increase in cell mass per unit cell mass per unit time Specific immunity , to a particular pathogen Specific leaf area , leaf area to dry mass Specific name botany , species name of a plant Specific name zoology , species name of an animal Specific Pathogen Free , of a laboratory animal guaranteed free of particular pathogens Physics and engineering Specific generally means per unit of something often mass , but signals ... placed before specific in the term i.e., thrust specific fuel consumption . Named and unnamed divisor quantities are given for the terms below. Per unit of mass short form of mass specificSpecific activity Specific energy Specific internal energy Specific kinetic energy Specific enthalpy Specific force Specific heat capacity , heat capacity per unit mass, unless another unit is named, such as mole ... more details
5 and presented to B lymphocytes 6 , which process 7 and present antigen on MHC II 8 to a previously activated T helper cell 10 , spurring the production of antigenspecific antibodies 9 . The host ...Unreferenced date October 2009 Technical date October 2009 Antigen presentation is a process in the body s immune system by which macrophages , dendritic cells and other cell types capture antigen s and then enable ... thumb 350px In the upper pathway foreign protein or antigen 1 is taken up by an antigen presenting cell 2 . The antigen is processed and displayed on a MHC II molecule 3 , which interacts ... of pathogen derived antigens by T cells. Antigen recognition Unlike B cells , T cells fail to recognize antigens in the absence of antigen presentation, with the important exception of the superantigen ... leukocyte antigen HLA . Most cells are capable of presenting antigens and activating the adaptive response. Some cells, however, are specially equipped to acquire and present antigen, and to prime ..., and also act as professional antigen presenting cells APC . These professional APCs are equipped ... in which the antigen was first encountered by the APC. Intracellular antigens Class I Image Antigen presentation.svg thumb 240px right Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either cytotoxic ... , into small peptide s. A specialized carrier, the Transporter associated with Antigen Processing ... surface. MHC Class I molecules present antigen to CD8 cytotoxic T cell s. With the exception of some ... antigen complex is then recognized by T cells passing through the lymph node. Exogenous antigens ... Antigen 20Processing 20and 20Presentation&displayType 1 ImmPort Gene summaries, ontologies, pathways, protein protein interactions and more for genes involved in antigen processing and presentation MeshName antigen presentation immune system DEFAULTSORT Antigen Presentation Category Immune system Category HIV AIDS ca Presentaci d antigen de Antigenpr sentation es Presentaci n de ant geno ... more details
the EP named Next to Departed . This recording used piano and synthesized melodies. In 2006, Antigen ..., Antigen Shift playing several live dates in support of TWOTN, including participation at the 2006 ... . In late 2009, Nick Th riault was joined in the group by Jairus Khan of Ad ver sary . In the summer of 2010 it was announced that Antigen Shift would be returning to both the studio and the stage, with three ... CD, 2004 The Way Of The North CD, 2006 External links http www.discogs.com artist Antigen Shift Antigen ... more details
Tumor antigen is an antigen ic substance produced in tumor Cell biology cells , i.e., it triggers an immune response in the Host biology host . Tumor antigens are useful in identifying tumor cells and are potential candidates for use in cancer therapy . Mechanism of tumor antigenesis Normal protein s in the body are not antigenic because of self tolerance , a process in which self reacting cytotoxic T lymphocyte s CTLs and autoantibody producing B lymphocytes are culled centrally in primary lymphatic ... of expression Tumor Specific Antigens TSA , which are present only on tumor cells and not on any ... specific turned out to be expressed on some normal cells as well. The modern classification of tumor ... Specific Differentiation Antigens Types Any protein produced in a tumor cell that has an abnormal structure due to mutation can act as a tumor antigen. Such abnormal proteins are produced due to mutation ... protein production are the cause of the tumor and thus such abnormal proteins are called tumor specific antigens . Examples of tumor specific antigens include the abnormal products of ras and p53 ... in melanoma cells. Oncofetal antigen s are another important class of tumor antigens. Examples are alphafetoprotein AFP and carcinoembryonic antigen CEA . These proteins are normally produced in the early ... are useful in identifying specific tumor cells. Certain tumors have certain tumor antigens in abundance. class wikitable Tumor antigen Tumor in which it is found Remarks Alphafetoprotein AFP Germ cell tumor s Hepatocellular carcinoma Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA bowel cancer s Occasional lung or breast cancer CA 125 Ovarian cancer MUC1 MUC 1 breast cancer epithelial tumor antigen ETA breast cancer ... Melanoma associated antigen MAGE malignant melanoma Also normally present in the testis abnormal ... importantly, tumor antigens can be used in cancer therapy as cancer vaccine tumor antigen vaccines ... abstract 87 23 9498 Vaccination Against Tumor Cells Expressing Breast Cancer Epithelial Tumor Antigen ... more details
Context date March 2009 CDw17 antigen is a lactosylceramide . ref MeshName CDw17 antigen ref A4GALT acts upon it. References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Cdw17 Antigen Category Lipids biochem stub ... more details
Carcinoembryonic antigen CEA is a glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion . It is normally produced during fetal development, but the production of CEA stops before birth. Therefore, it is not usually present in the blood of healthy adults, although levels are raised in heavy smoker s. CEA is a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol GPI cell surface anchored glycoprotein whose specialized sialofucosylated glycoforms serve as functional colon carcinoma L selectin and E selectin ligands, which may be critical to the metastatic dissemination of colon carcinoma cells. ref name pmid18375392 cite journal author Thomas SN, Zhu F, Schnaar RL, Alves CS, Konstantopoulos K title Carcinoembryonic antigen and CD44 variant isoforms cooperate to mediate colon carcinoma cell adhesion to E and L selectin in shear flow journal J Biol Chem volume 283 issue 23 pages 15647 55 year 2008 month Jun pmid 18375392 pmc 2414264 doi 10.1074 jbc.M800543200 url issn ref ref name pmid19413512 cite journal author Konstantopoulos K, Thomas SN title Cancer cells in transit the vascular interactions of tumor cells journal Annu Rev ... OF TUMOR SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HUMAN COLONIC CARCINOMATA BY IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE AND ABSORPTION ... antigen family consists of 29 genes, 18 of which are normally expressed. ref cite ... year 1999 title The carcinoembryonic antigen CEA family structures, suggested functions and expression ... is a list of human genes which encode carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion proteins ... , CEACAM20 , CEACAM21 References reflist External links MeshName Carcinoembryonic Antigen Clusters of differentiation Cell adhesion molecules Tumor markers Category Tumor markers Category IgSF ca Antigen carcinoembrionari de Carcinoembryonales Antigen es Ant geno carcinoembrionario fr Antig ne carcino embryonnaire id Antigen karsinoembrionik it Antigene carcino embrionale nl Carcino embryonaal antigen ja pl Antygen rakowo p odowy ro Antigen carcinoembrionar fi Karsinoembryonaalinen antigeeni ... more details
A somatic antigen is an antigen located in the cell wall of a gram positive or gram negative bacterium . ref somatic antigen. The American Heritage Medical Dictionary. 2007. Houghton Mifflin Company 29 Aug. 2010 http medical dictionary.thefreedictionary.com somatic antigen ref references See also Lipopolysaccharide DEFAULTSORT Somatic Antigen Category Bacterial proteins Category Bacteriology bacteria stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Heterophile antigens certain antigen of similar nature, if not identical present in different Tissue biology tissues in different biological species, classes or kingdoms. Composition chemically these are lipoprotein polysaccharide complex , possibly there are identical chemical groupings in the structure of ucopolysaccharid s and lipid s. Example Forssman antigen , cross reacting microbial antigen so antibodies to these antigens produced by one species cross react with antigen of other species. Category Immunology Microbiology stub pl Antygen heterofilny ... more details
Technical date December 2011 Tn antigen refers to the oligosaccharide in fact monosaccharide structure N acetylgalactosamine GalNAc linked to serine or threonine by a glycosidic bond , i.e. as an Glycan O Linked glycans O glycan . It is not usually found on healthy Cell biology cell surfaces, but may be found on cancer cells. ref I. Brockhausen, H. Schachter, P. Stanley, Essentials of Glycobiology, 2nd edition. A. Varki, R. Cummings, J. Esko, Eds, Cold Spring Harbor NY Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press 2009. Chapter 9, O GalNAc Glycans ref Addition of single monosaccharide residues creates disaccharide antigens the Thomsen Friedenreich antigen TF antigen or T antigen is formed by substitution with galactose Gal b1 3 GalNAc the sialyl Tn antigen STn antigen is formed by substitution with sialic acid Neu5Ac a2 6 GalNAc. Further substitution gives the normal core structures and O glycans found on healthy cell surfaces. References Reflist Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Oncology Category Immune system ... more details
Oncofetal antigens are protein s which are typically present only during fetus fetal development but are found in adults with certain kinds of cancer . These proteins are often measurable in the blood of individuals with cancer and may be used to both diagnose and follow treatment of the tumors. One example of an oncofetal antigen is alpha fetoprotein , which is produced by hepatocellular carcinoma and some germ cell tumor s. Another example is carcinoembryonic antigen , which is elevated in people with colon cancer and other tumors. Other oncofetal antigens are trophoblast glycoprotein precursor ref 37 kiloDalton oncofetal antigen protein and immature laminin receptor protein are identical, universal T cell inducing immunogens on primary rodent and human cancers. Anticancer Res. 1999 Nov Dec 19 6C 5535 42. PMID 10697612 ref and immature laminin receptor protein also known as oncofetal antigen protein . Oncofetal antigens are promising targets for vaccination against several types of cancers. External links http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez viewer.fcgi?db protein&val 73621980 Entrez protein entry for trophoblast glycoprotein precursor www,quantumimmunologics.com References div class references small references div Category Proteins ca Antigen oncofetal es Ant geno oncofetal ... more details
Antigen processing is a biological process that prepares antigen s for antigen presentation presentation to special cells of the immune system called T cell T lymphocytes . This process involves two distinct pathways for processing of antigens from an organism s own self proteins or intracellular pathogen s e.g. virus es , or from phagocytosis phagocytosed pathogens e.g. bacteria subsequent presentation of these antigens on major histocompatibility complex MHC class I class I or major histocompatibility complex MHC class II class II MHC molecules is dependent on which pathway is used. Both Major histocompatibility complex MHC class I and II are required to bind antigen before they are stably expressed on a cell surface. While the conventional distinction between the two pathways is useful, there are instances where extracellular derived peptides are presented in the context of MHC class I and cytosolic peptides are presented in the context of MHC class II this often happens in dendritic cells . The Endogenous Pathway The endogenous pathway is used to present cellular peptide fragments on the cell surface on MHC class I molecules. If a virus had infected the cell, viral peptides would also be presented, allowing the immune system to recognize and kill the infected cell. Worn out proteins within the cell become ubiquitin ated, marking them for proteasome degradation. Proteasomes break the protein up into peptides that include some around nine amino acids long suitable for fitting within the peptide binding cleft of MHC class I molecules . Transporter associated with antigen presenting ... Pathway The exogenous pathway is utilized by specialized antigen presenting cell s to present peptides ... of MHC class I. See also Major histocompatibility complex MHC T cell Cross presentation Antigen presenting cell Antigen presentation Polyclonal response References references cite book author Richard ... 07 167 494 75 oclc doi External links MeshName Antigen Processing Category Immune system it Processazione ... more details
Macrophage 1 antigen or integrin alphaMbeta2 is a complement receptor CR3 consisting of CD11b and CD18 . ref cite journal author Todd R title The continuing saga of complement receptor type 3 CR3 journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 98 issue 1 pages 1 2 year 1996 pmid 8690779 doi 10.1172 JCI118752 pmc 507390 ref It binds to C3b and C4b . Function Complement receptor 3 CR3 CD11b CD18 is a human cell surface receptor found on polymorphonuclear leukocytes mostly neutrophils , NK cells , and mononuclear phagocytes like macrophages . CR3 is a pattern recognition receptor , capable of recognizing and binding to many molecules found on the surfaces of invading bacteria. CR3 also recognizes complement system iC3b when bound to the surface of foreign cells. Binding to the receptor causes phagocytosis and destruction of the foreign cell. CR3 belongs to a family of cell surface receptors known as integrin s because they share this particular chain, they are referred to as 2 integrins , which are extremely widely distributed throughout nature and which generally are important in cellular adhesion and cell cell interactions in a variety of cells and circumstances. Upregulation of MAC 1 in the presence of certain factors such as Il 2 may cause a prolongation of the life of the immune cell while the presence of TNF alpha induces apoptosis and selective removal of the cell. A fully activated neutrophil may express on its membrane 200,000 or more CR3 molecules. Absence of CR3 results in reduced binding and ingestion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice . Synonyms and abbreviations CR3 CD11b CD18 Macrophage 1 antigen Mac 1 See also Macrophage References Reflist Further reading refbegin cite journal author Wagner C, H nsch GM, Stegmaier S, Denefleh B, Hug F, Schoels M title The complement receptor 3, CR3 CD11b CD18 , on T lymphocytes activation dependent up regulation and regulatory function ... 16084683 doi 10.1016 j.micpath.2005.05.001 url issn refend External links MeshName Macrophage 1 antigen ... more details
Orphan date June 2011 Pfam box Symbol CD36 Name CD36 family image width caption Pfam PF01130 InterPro IPR002159 SMART Prosite SCOP TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB CD36 antigen is a transmembrane , highly glycosylated , glycoprotein expressed by monocytes , macrophages , platelets, microvascular endothelial cells and adipose tissues. CD36 recognises oxidized low density lipoprotein , long chain fatty acid s, anionic phospholipid s, collagen types I, IV and V, thrombospondin and Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocyte s. ref name PUB00003034 cite journal author Crombie R, Silverstein R title Lysosomal integral membrane protein II binds thrombospondin 1. Structure function homology with the cell adhesion molecule CD36 defines a conserved recognition motif journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 273 issue 9 pages 4855 4863 year 1998 pmid 9478926 doi 10.1074 jbc.273.9.4855 ref CD molecules are leucocyte antigens on cell surfaces. CD antigens nomenclature is updated at Protein Reviews On The Web http mpr.nci.nih.gov prow . Subfamilies Adhesion molecule CD36 InterPro IPR005428 Lysosome membrane protein II InterPro IPR005429 Human proteins containing this domain CD36 SCARB1 SCARB2 References reflist InterPro content IPR002159 DEFAULTSORT Cd36 Antigen Category Protein domains Category Protein families Category Membrane proteins membrane protein stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In finance , a specific risk is a risk that affects a very small number of assets. This is sometimes referred to as unsystematic risk . In a balanced portfolio of assets there d be a spread between general market risk and risks specific to individual components of that portfolio. Determination of the extent of exposure to individual risks is made using models such as Treynor Black model Treynor Black in which the optimal share of a security is inversely proportional to the square of its specific risk. An example would be news that is specific to either one stock or a group of companies, such as the loss of a patent or a major natural disaster affecting the company s operation. Unlike systematic risk or market risk , specific risk can be diversified away.In fact, most unsystematic risk is removed by holding a portfolio of about twenty five to thirty securities. DEFAULTSORT Specific Risk Category Financial risk Finance stub de Unsystematisches Risiko fr Risque sp cifique ... more details
Specific resistance may refer to Resistivity Specific electrical resistance Specific airway resistance R sub aw sub functional residual capacity FRC disambig ... more details
what is specific impulse.html title What is specific impulse? publisher Qualitative Reasoning Group ...Specific impulse usually abbreviated I sub sp sub is a way to describe the efficiency of rocket engine ... , then specific impulse has units of velocity . If it is given in terms of Earth weight such as kilopond s , then specific impulse has units of time. The conversion constant between the two versions of specific impulse is standard gravity g . ref name SINasa cite web url http www.grc.nasa.gov WWW K 12 airplane specimp.html title Specific impulse last Benson first Tom date 11 July 2008 publisher NASA accessdate 22 December 2009 ref The higher the specific impulse, the lower the propellant flow ... breathing jet engine that obtains extra thrust by accelerating air. Specific impulse and effective exhaust velocity are proportional. Specific impulse is a useful value to compare engines, much ... specific impulse is more propellant efficient. ref name QRG1 Another number that measures the same thing, usually used for air breathing jet engines, is Thrust specific fuel consumption specific fuel consumption . Specific fuel consumption is inversely proportional to specific impulse and effective ... or weight. If mass is used, specific impulse is an impulse per unit mass, which dimensional analysis shows to be a unit of speed, and so specific impulses are often measured in meters per second and are often ... divided by a force weight turns out to be a unit of time, and so specific impulses are measured .... See also Impulse physics Variable mass change of impulse of a variable mass . The higher the specific ... a propellant is more efficient if the specific impulse is higher. This should not be confused with energy efficiency, which can even decrease as specific impulse increases, since propulsion systems that give high specific impulse require high energy to do so. ref http www.geoffreylandis.com laser ion pres.htp ref In addition it is important that thrust and specific impulse not be confused with one ... more details
Refimprove date April 2007 Specific properties of a substance are derived from other intrinsic and extrinsic properties or intensive and extensive properties of that substance. For example, the density of steel a specific and intrinsic property can be derived from measurements of the mass of a steel bar an extrinsic property divided by the volume of the bar another extrinsic property . Similarly, the specific gravity of a liquid is derived from the density of the liquid divided by the density of water two intrinsic properties . Uses of specific properties Reference tables Specific properties are often used in reference tables as a means of recording material data in a manner that is independent of size or mass. This allows the data to be broadly applied while keeping the table compact. Ranking, Classifying, and Comparing Specific properties are useful for making comparisons about one attribute while cancelling out the effect of variations in another attribute. For instance, steel alloys are typically stronger than aluminum alloys but are also much denser. Greater strength allows less metal to be used, which makes the choice between the two metals less than obvious. To simplify the comparison, one would compare the specific strength strength to weight ratio of the two metals. A more everyday example is grocery shopping. The two kilogram package sells for a higher price than the one kilogram package, but what matters is the specific price , commonly called the unit cost cost per kilogram . Mnemonics and Qualitative Reasoning In many instances, specific properties are more intuitive or are easier to remember than the original properties in SI or English units. For instance, it is easier ... squared. It is easy to remember that the specific gravity of water is 1.0 and that something with a higher specific gravity will sink in water. Other examples of specific properties specific heat , specific modulus , specific volume , specific activity , specific impulse , specific power , specific ... more details
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