refimprove date December 2011 Otheruses File New World Domesticated plants.JPG thumb right 280px Domesticated plants File Drying Crop in rural Punjabi home.JPG thumb right 280px Crops drying in a home in Punjab, India . A crop is a non animal species or variety botany variety that is grown to be harvest ed as food , livestock fodder , biofuel fuel or for any other economic purpose. Major world crops include maize corn , wheat , rice , soybean s, hay , potato es and cotton . While the term crop most commonly refers to plant s, it can also include species from other kingdom biology biological kingdoms . For example, mushroom s like shiitake , which are in the fungi kingdom, can be referred to as crops. In addition, certain species of algae are also cultivated, although it is also harvested from the wild. In contrast, animal species that are raised by human s are called livestock, except those that are kept as pet s. Microbial species, such as bacteria or virus es, are referred to as microbiological culture cultures . Microbes are not typically grown for food, but are rather used to alter food. For example, bacteria is used to fermentation food ferment milk to produce yogurt . See also Div col 2 Agriculture Break crop Bumper crop Cash crop Catch crop Cover crop Crop diversity Crop residue Crop rotation Crop weed Crop wild relative Crop lien system Energy crop Farming Fiber crop Industrial crop Intercropping Multiple cropping Nurse crop Permanent crop Protein crop Sharecropping Underutilized crop Div col end References reflist cite web url http books.google.com books?id 1VPUNIlrFYgC&printsec frontcover&dq crops&hl en&ei 2LXcTsSzLamKiALvxqBd&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 1&ved 0CDMQ6AEwAA v onepage&q&f false title Breeding Field Crops publisher Blackwell Publishing date 2006 accessdate December 05, 2011 author Sleper, David A. Poehlman, John M. Category Crops Agri stub ar bg cs U itkov rostliny de Feldfrucht es Producto agr cola fr Culture ... more details
Infobox Film name The Crop writer George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot starring George Elliot Australian actor George Elliot br Holly Brisley br Rhys Muldoon director Scott Patterson film director Scott Patterson producer David Wood cinematography Roger Lanser editing Michael Horwitz br Tim Wellburn studio Miracle Productions distributor Elliot Bros Film Distribution br Roadshow Entertainment released 18 August 2004 runtime 103 minutes country FilmAustralia language English music Subvision awards budget 4,000,000 AUD The Crop is a 2004 Australian comedy film set during the 1980s. Plot The Crop , is set in the early 1980s in Australia, and is about larrikin nightclub owner, Ronnie Blade Gillette George Elliot , and his barmaid girlfriend Geraldine Holly Brisley . Two months after random breath testing has been introduced, Blade realises he s going broke. Afraid of driving under the influence, his customers are not buying his alcohol grog , they re going out to the carpark to smoke Cannabis drug dope . Like any good businessman, Blade decides he needs a strategy. He decides to grow some dope as a way out of his financial hole. Blade and his best mate, Wack Rhys Muldoon , set about growing their crop of weed on a property owned by the father of his girlfriend but they soon get ... Rob Steele Malone Vincent Stone Dago Tahnee Stroet Tania Bruce Venables Wally Eye Box Office The Crop ...?from moreStories title The Crop publisher Sydney Morning Herald last Byrnes first Paul ... txt s1178581.htm title The Crop work At the Movies Australian TV series At the Movies publisher ABC1 ... Box Office ref Reception The Crop received the prize for Best International Feature ... 1121538954973.html title Sequel to The Crop date 19 July 2005 accessdate 8 August 2011 publisher Fairfax ... groupequals holdingType page 0 parentid query 602683 querytype rec 0 resCount 10 The Crop at the National Film and Sound Archive DEFAULTSORT Crop, The Category 2000s comedy films Category 2004 films ... more details
percent increased yield Citation needed date January 2010 . See also Crop rotation Green Revolution Second Green Revolution Sustainable agriculture Yield wine Notes See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia ...In agriculture , crop yield also known as agricultural output is not only a measure of the yield of cereal per unit area of land under tillage cultivation , yield is also the seed generation of the plant itself e.g. one wheat grain produces a stalk yielding three grain, or 1 3 . Citation needed date January 2010 Or date January 2010 The figure, 1 3 is considered by agronomists as the minimum required to sustain human life. ref Pipes, Richard, Russia under the Old Regime Charles Scribner s Sons, NY 1974 p.8 ref One of the three seeds must be set aside for the next planting season, the remaining two either consumed by the grower, or one for human consumption and the other for livestock feed Citation needed date January 2010 . The higher the surplus, the more livestock can be established and maintained, thereby increasing the physical and economic well being of the farmer and his family. This, in turn, resulted in better stamina, better over all health, and better, more efficient work. In addition, the more the surplus the more draft animals horse and oxen could be supported and harnessed to work, and manure, the soil thereby easing the farmer s burden. Increased crop yields meant few hands were needed on farm, freeing them for industry and commerce. This, in turn, led to the formation ... for improved seed which improved crop yield. Thus allowing the farmer to raise his income by bringing more food to non farming city markets. History Historically speaking, a major increase in crop ... course system of crop rotation whereby a third of the land lay fallow every year and hence taken out of human food, and animal feed, production. It was to be replaced by the four course system of crop ... driven on to the turnip fields to eat the crop, trample the leavings under their feet into the soil ... more details
is often the most limiting nutrient in crop production. Often, green manure crops are grown for a specific ... efficiently from the soil Ditsch and Alley 1991 . The nitrogen tied up in catch crop biomass is released back into the soil once the catch crop is incorporated as a green manure or otherwise begins to decompose. An example of green manure use comes from Nigeria, where the cover crop Mucuna pruriens ...Agriculture Cover crops are crop s planted primarily to manage fertility soil soil fertility , soil quality ... qualities of neighboring natural ecosystems. Farmers choose to grow and manage specific cover crop ... fertility management Main Green manure One of the primary uses of cover crops is to increase soil fertility. These types of cover crops are referred to as green manure. They are used to manage a range ... soil fertility and quality. Green manure crops are commonly leguminous , meaning they are part of the Fabaceae ... provide the required quantity of nitrogen for crop production. In conventional farming, this nitrogen ... through biological nitrogen fixation, types of cover crops known as catch crop s are used to retain ... of the previous crop, preventing it from being lost through Leaching agriculture leaching ... by increasing soil organic matter levels through the input of cover crop biomass over time. Increased .... Dense cover crop stands physically slow down the velocity of rainfall before it contacts ..., vast cover crop root networks help anchor the soil in place and increase soil porosity, creating ... Dabney et al. 2001 . Cover crop biomass acts as a physical barrier between rainfall and the soil surface ..., cover crop root growth results in the formation of soil pores, which in addition to enhancing soil ... a large amount of moisture. When the cover crop is incorporated into the soil, or left on the soil surface, it often increases soil moisture. In agroecosystems where water for crop production ..., particularly if climatic growing conditions are good. In these cases, just before crop planting, farmers ... more details
A trap crop is a plant that attracts agricultural pests, usually insects, away from nearby crops. This form of companion planting can save the main crop from decimation by pests without the potential issues and controversy involved in using pesticides. ref cite web author Dr. Stefan Brueckmann url http www.oisat.org control methods cultural practices trap cropping.html title Trap cropping publisher Oisat.org date accessdate 2010 02 25 ref ref Horticulture Research International, Wellesbourne http www2.warwick.ac.uk fac sci whri research integratedpestmanagement companionplanting biologist jun03.pdf Insects can see clearly now the weeds have gone. Finch, S. & Collier, R. H. 2003 . Biologist, 50 3 , 132 135. ref Trap crops can be planted around the circumference of the field to be protected, or interspersed among them, for example being planted every ninth row. Usage Trap crops are, when used on an industrial scale, generally planted at a key time in the pest s lifecycle, and then destroyed before that lifecycle finishes and the pest might have transferred from the trap plants to the main crop. ref cite web url http www.knowledgebank.irri.org IPM cultCtrl Trap Crop.htm title Trap Crop accessdate 24 May 2011 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070322215153 http www.knowledgebank.irri.org IPM cultCtrl Trap Crop.htm archivedate March 22, 2007 ref Examples of trap crops include Alfalfa planted in strips among cotton , to draw away lygus bugs, while Castor oil plant castor bean s surround ... maggot s, Pentatomoidea stink bug s, and velvet green caterpillar s, respectively. Mustard plant ... by any other plant, or even decoy plants made of green plastic, cardboard or any other green material ... systematically find it by simply landing on the only green thing around. This is called an appropriate ... of green. It eventually leaves the area if there are too many inappropriate landings. The second phase ... in no crop , compared to only 7 beside cabbages growing in clover which allowed a good crop . Also ... more details
Crop mark may refer to in printing , marks placed at the corners of a form to indicate where the page is to be trimmed Cropmark s, in archaeology differential growth indicating buried sites Crop circle s disambig ... more details
orphan date August 2010 Crop oil or crop oil concentrates are petroleum based additives that are used as adjuvants to increase the efficacy of pesticide s in agriculture agricultural applications. ref cite web title Herbicides and additives Crop Oil publisher Auckland Regional Council url http www.arc.govt.nz environment biosecurity pest plants herbicides crop oil.cfm accessdate 10 June 2010 ref References reflist Category Pesticides agriculture stub ... more details
wiktionary cropCrop may refer to Crop , a plant grown and harvested for agricultural use Crop anatomy , part of the alimentary tract of some animals Crop implement , a modified whip used in horseback riding or disciplining humans as punishment or in BDSM Crop factor , a multiplier factor in digital photography imaging, compared to 35mm film camera focal length, see APS C Crop hairstyle , a woman s short hairstyle Cropping punishment , the removal of a person s ears as a punishment Cropping animal , trimming of the ears of an animal Cropping image , to give an image another aspect ratio, or to otherwise remove portions of an image Scrapbooking , also called cropping, the creation of cards and or scrap books in unique and creative ways as a hobby The acronym CROP may stand for Clube Recreativo Os Poseiros, a Portuguese recreational club Council of Regional Organisations in the Pacific Common Relevant Operational Picture See also Docking animal , sometimes called cropping, the removal of the tail of an animal disambig fr CROP it Crop ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In agriculture , a nurse crop is an annual plant annual crop used to assist in establishment of a perennial plant perennial crop. The widest use of nurse crops is in the establishment of legume legumaceous plants such as alfalfa , clover , and Lotus genus trefoil . Occasionally nurse crops are used for establishment of perennial grasses. Nurse crops reduce the incidence of weeds, prevent erosion, and prevent excessive sunlight from reaching tender seedlings. Often the nurse crop can be harvested for grain, straw, hay, or pasture. Oat s are the most common nurse crop, though other annual grains are also used. See also Companion planting Multiple cropping DEFAULTSORT Nurse Crop Category Crops Category Article Feedback 5 Agri stub ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Globalize date December 2010 Crop scouting is precise assessments of pest pressure typically insects and crop performance to evaluate economic risk from pest infestations and disease, and the potential effectiveness of pest and disease control interventions. Scouting is usually sold as a commercial service to farmers. New tools are available to increase the effectiveness of crop scouting, including specialized field instruments and handheld computers with GPS, enabling geo tagging of crop problems. http www.cropiq.com CropIQ from Precision Plant Systems is one of the new generation of crop scouting systems that enables growers and crop consultants to precisely and accurately locate and tag crop issues, visualize them on an aerial map and make decisions for site specific treatments. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Crop Scouting Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
A standing crop is the quantity or total weight or energy content of the organism s which are in a particular location at a particular time. The standing crop is the total dry weight of all organisms. See also Biomass ecology External links http www.treesearch.fs.fed.us pubs 8730 Models that predict standing crop of stream fish from habitat variables 1950 85 Category Habitats Category Organisms Category Ecological metrics ecology stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2008 Break crop is a term for the secondary crop within the practice of sustainable agriculture with intensive agronomy arable farming whereby as part of a crop rotation , a physiologically different crop is inserted into the main cropping plan in order to provide a break from the cycle of weed s, Pest organism pests and disease s encountered with the latter. The aim is to optimize yields of the primary crops and therefore income while reducing the use, and cost, of pesticides . Nitrogen fixing Nitrogen fixation can be another soil goal. An example rotation would be winter oilseed rape as a break crop, followed by two crops of winter wheat , then winter barley or setaside . Another common example is maize corn that is typically rotated with cotton plantations. Category Agricultural terminology Category Sustainable agriculture Category Organic gardening Category Biological pest control agri stub ... more details
In agriculture , a bumper crop refers to a particularly productive harvest yielded for a particular Crop agriculture crop . Example With all the rain we ve had over the last few months, we are expecting a bumper crop this year. The word bumper has a second definition ref name BumperDefinition cite web url http m w.com dictionary bumper publisher Merriam Webster Online Dictionary title Bumper ref meaning something unusually large, which is where this term comes from ref name BumperCropOrigin cite web url http www.word detective.com 112700.html publisher The Word Detective title Is it OK to pet the cow? date November 27, 2000 ref . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Bumper Crop Category Crops Agri stub ... more details
Crop protection is the branch of horticulture concerned with protecting crop s from pest organism pest s, weed s, plant disease disease and theft . It encompasses Pesticide based approaches such as herbicide s, insecticide s and fungicide s Biological pest control approaches such as cover crop s, trap crop s and beetle bank s Barrier based approaches such as technical textiles Agrotech Agro textiles agrotextiles and bird netting Animal psychology based approaches such as bird scarer s Biotechnology based approaches such as plant breeding and genetic modification See also CAB International . CropLife International Vive Crop Protection Category Horticulture and gardening Category Agriculture horticulture stub de Pflanzenschutz et Taimekaitse fr D fense des cultures nl Gewasbescherming pl Ochrona ro lin sv V xtskydd ... more details
Citations missing date March 2009 Crop insurance is purchased by agricultural producers, including farmer ... of agricultural commodities. The two general categories of crop insurance are called crop yield insurance and crop revenue insurance. Crop yield insurance There are two main classes of crop yield insurance Crop hail insurance is generally available from private insurers in countries with private ... tend not to overwhelm the capital reserves of private insurers. In early 1820s, crop hail insurance ... since the risk is isolated. Multi peril crop insurance MPCI Coverage in this type of insurance is not limited to just one risk. Usually multi peril crop insurance offers hail, excessive rain and drought ... are also offered. The problem with the multi peril crop insurance is the possibility of a large scale ... crop insurance MPCI policy. MPCI coverage is usually offered by a government insurer and premiums ... is known to implement the earliest Multi Peril Crop Insurance program in 1938. Federal Crop Insurance ... RMA is active in calculating the premiums based on individual risk factors since 1996. Crop revenue insurance Crop yield times the crop price gives the crop revenues. Based on farmer s revenues, crop ... market offers enables revenue protection even before the crop planted. There is a single guarantee ..., the program is called Crop Revenue Coverage . Crop revenue insurance covers the decline in price that occurs during the crop s growing season. It does not cover declines that may occur from one growing season to another. Specialty crops A farmer or grower may desire to grow a crop associated with a particular ... composition of the crop, certain management practices of the grower, or both. However, many standard crop insurance policies do not differentiate between commodity crops and crops associated with particular attributes. Accordingly, farmers have a need for crop insurance to cover the risk ... for providing crop insurance for a crop associated with a defined attribute ref Federal crop insurance ... more details
An energy crop is a plant grown as a low cost and low maintenance harvest used to make biofuel s, or combusted for its energy content to generate electricity or heat. Energy crops are generally categorized as woody or herbaceous grassy . Commercial energy crops are typically densely planted, high yielding crop species where the energy crops will be burnt to generate power. Woody crops such as Salix Willow ref cite journal title Yield models for commercial willow biomass plantations in Sweden journal Biomass and Bioenergy volume 32 issue 9 pages 829 837 year 2008 url format PDF accessdate 2009 11 20 doi 10.1016 j.biombioe.2008.01.002 author Mola Yudego, B Aronsson, P. ref or Populus Poplar are widely utilised, as well as temperate grasses such as Miscanthus and Pennisetum purpureum both known as elephant grass . ref NNFCC, Hodsman, L., Smallwood, M., Williams, D. http www.nnfcc.co.uk tools the promotion of non food crops The Promotion of Non Food Crops , National Non Food Crops Centre , 2005 11 30. Retrieved on 2009 05 11. ref If carbohydrate content is desired for the production of biogas , whole crops such as maize , Sudan grass , millet , Melilotus albus white sweet clover and many others, can be made into silage and then converted into biogas. Through genetic modification and application ... crop farming and bioenergy production via silage methane have been almost entirely overlooked ... L km or more, making biodiesel crops economically attractive, provided sustainable crop ... class wikitable sortable Crop Oil copra 62 castor oil plant castor seed 50 sesame 50 peanut ... byproduct s green waste of food and non food energy crops can be used to produce biofuels. See also Portal Energy Agricultural byproduct Algal fuel Anaerobic digestion Biogas Biotech crop Cellulosic ethanol non food crops Short rotation coppice Short rotation forestry Table of biofuel crop yields ... evidence about ecological impacts of renewables bioenergy DEFAULTSORT Energy Crop Category Anaerobic ... more details
unreferenced date April 2008 human hair A crop is a short hairstyle worn with the hair cut very close to the head. It is frequently sported by both men and women , though the style is usually only named as a crop when sported by a woman . Men entering the armed forces in many countries have their hair cropped during Recruit Training . In the Western world, cropping the head of a prisoner was traditionally a symbol of their subjugation and a deterrent to escape. Fashion The crop first became fashionable in Europe and America during the 1920s, as many of the flapper s who had cut their hair short were trying these as well as the early Bob haircut bob s. The Eton crop , one of the shorter and more drastic cuts of its day, was the most popular. The crop sometimes known as the Pixie cut became fashionable again in the late 1970s and 1980s, with one of its most notable wearers being the actress Jacqueline Pearce in the British TV series Blake s 7 . The crop also was big in the mid 1990s, and Halle Berry appeared in the 2002 James Bond film Die Another Day wearing a crop. In modern Western culture, a woman can use cropping her hair as a symbol of leaving the past behind, of making a new start. Cutting process A crop involves layering and tapering of the hair so it will be closely cut to the head. The hair is typically pre cut to a short length, and then cut shorter from there using either scissors , a razor, or sometimes clippers, depending on what the person is looking for more of a choppy look, super short length, etc. A crop will usually require regular trims usually between 4 to 6 weeks to keep its shape. See also Buzz cut Crew cut High and tight DEFAULTSORT Crop Hairstyle Category Hairstyles de Bubikopf Frisur ru ... more details
Image Riding crop.jpeg thumb a 30 75cm riding crop, with dollar bill to show scale A crop , sometimes called a riding crop or hunting crop , is a short type of whip without a lash, used in horse riding , part of the family of tools known as horse whips . Types and uses A crop usually consists of a long shaft of fiberglass or cane or which is covered in leather , fabric, or similar material. The rod of a crop thickens at one end to form a handle, and terminates in a thin, flexible tress such as wound cord or a leather tongue. The thin end is intended to make contact with the horse. The handle may have a loop of leather to help secure the grip. The length of a crop is designed to allow enough leverage for it to be accelerated rapidly with a controlled flick of the wrist without causing the rider balancing problems. Thus, a true crop is relatively short. The term whip is a more common term that includes both riding crops as well as longer types of horse whips used for both riding and ground work. A whip is a little slower than a crop, mostly due to having slightly greater length and flexibility. Crops are designed to back up the natural aids leg, seat and voice of a rider. Image Whips.jpg thumb 300px The difference between a crop and a whip. The top implement is a dressage whip, the bottom is a hunt seat riding crop. Dressage whip is a true whip, longer than a crop, up to 43 inches, including lash or popper for horse training , allowing a rider to touch the mount s side while keeping both hands on the reins. Hunting whips are not for use on the horse, but have a hook at the end to use in opening and shutting gates without dismounting, as well as a long leather thong to keep the hounds from coming near the horse s legs, and possibly getting kicked. The riding crop is still widely seen as the traditional symbol of dominance in BDSM activities. Its material is the only obvious link with the stereotypical leather fetish in that scene. See also Whip Quirt References references ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In agriculture , a catch crop is a fast growing agriculture crop that is grown simultaneously with, or between successive plantings of a main crop. For example, radish es that mature from seed in 25 30 days can be grown between rows of most vegetable s, and harvest ed long before the main crop matures. Or, a catch crop can be planted between the spring harvest and autumn fall planting of some crops. Catch cropping is a type of succession planting . It makes more efficient use of growing space. Catch crops are also crops that are sown to prevent minerals being flushed away from the soil. By using catch crops, such as grain millet , ... one can keep certain minerals not attached to the humous clay connection such as carbon C and other positively charged elements in the soil for many years. DEFAULTSORT Catch Crop Category Crops Agri stub cs Meziplodiny de Zwischenfrucht pl Mi dzyplon ... more details
Refimprove date November 2010 A crop top also cropped top , belly shirt , half shirt , midriff shirt , tummy top , short shirt , and cutoff shirt is a T shirt or blouse with the lower part cut off, showing of some of the abdomen. ref cite web title crop top definition Dictionary MSN Encarta BOT GENERATED TITLE url http encarta.msn.com dictionary 561503251 crop top.html work archiveurl http www.webcitation.org 5kyWVMIxu archivedate 2009 11 01 deadurl yes ref The half shirt or belly shirt is a kind of shirt that is cut off from the bottom of the chest. Image H fthose.jpg 250px thumb A model wearing a crop top See also commons category Crop tops Hip huggers Low rise jeans Gallery gallery File Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild F079080 0019, Bonn, Fitnessstudio.jpg A German athlete in a crop top at the Bonn Fitness studio, Germany . File Carine Quadros 6.jpg Actress Carine Quadros in a cropped gypsy top . File Tube top and blue jeans crop.jpg A woman in a cropped tube top File Bianca Rinaldi 1.jpg Actress Bianca Rinaldi in a nineties cropped top. gallery References Reflist Clothing DEFAULTSORT Crop Top Category Tops clothing Category 2000s fashion Category 1990s fashion Category 1980s fashion fr Haut court it Top indumento nl Naveltrui ... more details
Multiple issues cleanup July 2009 expert July 2009 Crop weeds are weed s that grow amongst crops . Examples of crop weeds include chickweed , barnyard grass and dandelion . ref http web2.msue.msu.edu Bulletins Bulletin PDF Historical finished pubs e2322 E2322 1989.pdf ref The dandelion, while sometimes used as a food source, can also prove harmful to crops. Crop weeds can inhibit the growth of crops, contaminate harvested crops and often spread rapidly. They can also host crop pests such as aphid s, fungal rots and virus es. ref http www.ncwss.org proceed 2004 proc04 abstracts 132.pdf ref ref name Zimdahl2004 cite book author Robert L. Zimdahl title Weed crop competition a review url http books.google.com books?id rRESmnekX3wC accessdate 31 July 2010 date 12 March 2004 publisher Wiley Blackwell isbn 9780813802794 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Crop Weed Category Agricultural pests ref name prem vir singh jat Category Crops ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Crop destruction is the deliberate destruction of crops or agricultural products to render it useless for consumption or processing. It can be made by burning , mill grinding grinding , dumping into water, or application of chemicals. It should not be confused with crop residue burning , which burns useless parts of the crop. Related to crop destruction is alternate, low price use of agricultural products. A large portion of the Wine lake European Union wine surplus is conversion to industrial ethanol . There can be numerous reasons for crop destruction. In scorched earth strategy, crops and other useful materials are destroyed to prevent an enemy from gaining hold of them. In government regulated agriculture, farmers can be required to destroy crops that exceed their production quota . Crops can also be dumped in the street during a public protest this custom has been common in the European Union. Note that this term does not apply to the burning of crops which are or can be usefully harvested by this means, such as sugar cane. Crop destruction in culture The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck tells about destruction of oranges, potatoes, pig carcasses and other agricultural products during the Great Depression. See also Burning money agriculture stub Category Agriculture ... more details
Models of transpiration, or combined evapotranspiration ET , from plants often combine an idealized or well calibrated reference crop response model with coefficients that account for differences in response observed for the crop of interest. The most basic crop coefficient, K sub c sub , is simply ratio of ET observed for the crop studied over that observed for the reference crop under the same conditions. math PET K c RET math Potential evapotranspiration PET , is the evaporation and transpiration that potentially could occur if a field of the crop had an ideal unlimited water supply. RET is the reference ET often denoted as ET sub o sub . Even in agricultural crops, where ideal conditions are approximated as much as is practical, plants are not always growing and therefore transpiring at their theoretical potential. Plants have growth stages and states of health induced by a variety of environmental conditions. RET usually represents the PET of the reference crops most active growth. K sub c sub , then becomes a function or series of values, specific to the crop of interest through its growing season. These can be quite elaborate in the case of certain corn varieties, but tend to use a trapezoidal or a leaf area index LAI curve for common crop or vegetation canopies. Stress coefficients, K sub s sub , account for diminished ET due to specific stress factors. These are often assumed to combine by multiplication. math ET estimate K w K s 1 K s 2 K c ET o math Water stress is the most ubiquitous stress factor, often denoted as K sub w sub . Stress coefficients tend to be functions ranging between 0 and 1. The simplest are linear, but thresholds are appropriate for some toxicity responses. Crop coefficients can exceed 1 when the crop evapotranspiration exceeds that of RET. References cite book last Allen first R.G. coauthors Pereira, L.S. Raes, D. Smith, M. title Crop Evapotranspiration Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements url http www.fao.org docrep X049 ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 Globalize date December 2010 Crop reports are reports compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service NASS on various commodities that are released throughout the year. Information in the reports includes estimates on Sowing planted acreage , Crop yield yield , and expected production, as well as comparison of production from previous years. References CRS article Report for Congress Agriculture A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition url http ncseonline.org nle crsreports 05jun 97 905.pdf author Jasper Womach DEFAULTSORT Crop Reports Category United States Department of Agriculture ... more details
Infobox football biography playername Crop Hawkins image fullname Albert Crop Hawkins dateofbirth 1893 cityofbirth Stoke on Trent countryofbirth England dateofdeath 1950 cityofdeath countryofdeath position Midfielder years1 clubs1 Stoke St Peter s caps1 goals1 years2 1912 1914 clubs2 Stoke City F.C. Stoke caps2 5 goals2 0 years3 1914 19?? clubs3 Stoke United caps3 goals3 Albert Crop Hawkins born 1893 in Stoke on Trent , England was a association football footballer who played for Stoke City F.C. Stoke before he returned to amateur football with Stoke United. He made five appearances for Stoke. ref Lowe, Simon Stoke City The Modern Era A Complete Record Desert Island Books, ISBN 1 874287 39 2 . ref References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Hawkins, Crop ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION English footballer DATE OF BIRTH 1893 PLACE OF BIRTH Stoke on Trent , England DATE OF DEATH 1950 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Hawkins, Crop Category English footballers Category Stoke City F.C. players Category 1893 births Category 1950 deaths England footy midfielder 1890s stub ... more details
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