Trier footnotes The GrandDuchy of the LowerRhine Lang de Gro herzogtum Niederrhein , or simply known as the LowerRhine Province Lang de Provinz Niederrhein was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia ... with the neighbouring Province of J lich Cleves Berg to form the Rhine Province . Territories and provinces of Prussia DEFAULTSORT LowerRhine, GrandDuchy of the Category Provinces of Prussia ... of Grand Duke of the LowerRhine. This allowed Prussia to consolidate its Rhenish territories held ... City of Aachen , most of the Electoral Palatinate Palatinate region, parts of GrandDuchy of Luxembourg Luxembourg and Duchy of Limburg Limburg , as well as a few other small territories. On 22 April 1816, these territories were combined to form the GrandDuchy of the LowerRhine, with the provincial ... Rhine Westphalia Category 1822 disestablishments Category 1815 establishments in Prussia NorthRhineWestphalia ... del Bajo Rin fr Grand Duch du Bas Rhin it Provincia del Granducato del Basso Reno nl Groothertogdom ... more details
Noref date September 2010 The LowerRhine lang de Niederrhein , lang nl Nederrijn , kilometers 660 to 1,033 of the Rhine River flows from Bonn , Germany , to the North Sea at Hoek van Holland , Netherlands . Almost immediately after entering the Netherlands, the Rhine splits into many branches. The main branch is called the Waal river Waal which flows from Nijmegen to meet the river Meuse after which it is called Merwede . Near Rotterdam the river is known as Nieuwe Maas , and becomes the Nieuwe Waterweg flowing into the Northsea at Hoek van Holland . The Nederrijn refers to the more northern former main branch of the Rhine, which flows past Arnhem splits off the IJssel which flows into the IJsselmeer and then splits into the Lek River and the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede . The Lek flows into the Merwede. The Kromme Rijn continues past Utrecht city Utrecht , becomes the Leidse Rijn , then Oude Rijn and flows into the Northsea at Katwijk . There are other minor branches such as the Vecht Utrecht Vecht , Hollandse IJssel and the Noord river . The German Niederrhein is applied both to the German section of the LowerRhine river as well as to parts of the surrounding LowerRhine region Germany LowerRhine region . Image Duisburg Panorama ThyssenKrupp.jpg thumb 800px center The LowerRhine at Duisburg See also Rhineland Upper Rhine Middle Rhine Nederrijn Low Rhenish LowerRhine department LowerRhine , a France French Departments of France department bordering the Upper Rhine coord 51 58 N 5 21 E display title region NL type river source GNS enwiki Category Rhine basin Category Rivers of North Rhine Westphalia Category Rivers of the Netherlands Rhine, Lower Category Rhine de Niederrhein mk ... more details
Image Satellitenbild Niederrheinisches Tiefland.png thumb Satellite photograph of the LowerRhine Plain The LowerRhine Plain ref Dickinson s Germany ref German Niederrheinische Tiefland is one of the natural regions of Germany and lies on either side of the River Rhine north of the city of D sseldorf . Geography The LowerRhine Plain is bordered in the south by the Cologne Lowland , in the southeast by the Bergisches Land , to the east and northeast by the Westphalian Basin and in the west by the Netherlands . The LowerRhine Plain is an extensively Fluvial terrace terraced landscape. The otherwise level terraces are interrupted by various features like the V shaped valleys, flood plains, old river courses or the terminal moraine ridges of the LowerRhine Heights. The height of the terrain is under 100m above Normalnull NN almost everywhere. Geology main article Geology of the LowerRhine Basin The LowerRhine Plain is the northern half of the geological structure known as the LowerRhine Basin Niederrheinische Bucht . Its geology was probably a result of deposition in the last 30 million years, which has given rise to sediments and layers of sedimentary rock in this plain up to 1,300 m thick. Climate Annual precipitation in the area is between 700 and 750mm and the average annual temperature is 9 C. The area benefits from a North Atlantic climate with mild winters and a long growing season . See also Geography of Germany Natural regions of Germany References references coord missing North Rhine Westphalia Category Regions of Germany Category Geography of North Rhine Westphalia Category Rhine basin de Niederrheinisches Tiefland nl Nederrijnse Laagvlakte ro Niederrheinisches Tiefland ... more details
The Fortified Sector of the LowerRhine Secteur Fortifi du Bas Rhin was the French military organization ... of the Maginot Line , the SF LowerRhine was not a part of the core Line fortifications ... in 1940. The SF LowerRhine was flanked to the north by the Fortified Sector of Haguenau and to the south by the Fortified Sector of Colmar . The Rhinau section of the SF LowerRhine was attacked .... Follow up incursions from the north and at Strasbourg left much of the SF LowerRhine in German ... to the west were built in the LowerRhine sector. Strasbourg, directly on the riverside, could not be defended ... tank weapons. ref Kauffmann, p. 76 ref Command The LowerRhine sector was under the overall command ... by French forces in the SF Colmar, leaving the LowerRhine guarding the rear of the SF Haguenau ... the main Maginot Line at the weakly defended Sarre sector, moved south into the SF LowerRhine. The German ... of the French Frontier in 1940 DEFAULTSORT LowerRhine, Fortified Sector Of Category French border defenses before World War II Category Fortified Sector of the LowerRhine fr Secteur fortifi ... . The sector s principal defence was the Rhine itself, which could be crossed only by boat or by seizing ... benefited from the width of the Rhine and its numerous oxbow s and dead arms that complicate ... destroyed by German artillery on the other side of the Rhine. ref name hetou1 1 Mary, Tome 1, p. 15 ... Bourret, which was in turn part of Army Group 2 under General Andr Gaston Pr telat . The SF LowerRhine was commanded by General Pichon, then General Renondeau from 5 January 1940, then General Vall e ... 800 m ft apart, with gaps in areas of marshy ground or old sections of the Rhine. ref name hetou3 1 ... Battle of France The French Rhine defences did not see significant action until the middle of June 1940. By this time the main French army was in full retreat. The casemate lines along the Rhine were ... tasks. The casemates were designed to be mutually supporting, with fields of fire along the Rhine ... more details
St.T nis BS3 eABZrg Kempen Venlo railway from Venlo BS3 BHF 65.0 Kempen, Germany Kempen LowerRhine ... eHST 109.5 Pfalzdorf BS3 BHF 114.1 Bedburg Hau BS3 eABZlg LowerRhine Railway from Duisburg BS3 KBHFxe ... Nijmegen railway to Arnhem The Left LowerRhine line lang de Linksniederrheinische Strecke is a main line on the left western bank of the Rhine in the LowerRhine region Germany lowerRhine region of the German state of North Rhine Westphalia , running from Cologne to Cleves Kleve and formerly via Kranenburg, North Rhine Westphalia Kranenburg to Nijmegen in the Netherlands. The Cologne Krefeld ... Hbf The Left LowerRhine line was opened between Cologne and Neuss by the Cologne Crefeld Railway ... to extend the Left LowerRhine line to the north with a connection to the Dutch rail network and the Dutch ... with the main line, and line S 11 continues to Neuss. This was the beginning of the integration of the Rhine Ruhr and the Rhine Sieg S Bahn networks. Crossing lines From west to east, the Left Lower ... to Kevelaer to improve access to the agricultural land west of the Left LowerRhine line it was closed ... Hbf The Meerbusch Osterath Cleves section of the Left LowerRhine line is served by a Regional ... 122.3 Donsbr ggen BS3 exHST 125.0 N tterden BS3 exBHF 129.3 Kranenburg, North Rhine Westphalia Kranenburg ... has been closed since 1991. Rhine Ruhr S Bahn S11 Rhine Ruhr S Bahn line S 11 trains run on the line ... April 1865 for passengers. At the same time the RhE encouraged the Dutch Rhine Railway Company ... railway , which had extended its West Rhine Railway West Rhine line to Bingen in 1859 to create ... river Waal and the Rhine had no effect. Probably the major concern for the Dutch government was the protection of navigation on the Rhine in the Netherlands and the fact that the majority of the capital ... 1960 and freight ran directly to a vegetable oil mill on the Rhine in Spyck until 1987. At that time ... of draisine s for entertainment. S Bahn S11 Rhine Ruhr S Bahn Line S 11 of the Rhine Ruhr S Bahn ... more details
event end Occupied by French First Republic France date end event post Luxembourg GrandDuchy br spaces 4 re established date post br 1815 p1 Lorraine duchy image p1 File Blason Lorraine.svg 20px .... Grandduchy 1815 Present main Luxembourg Only at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 this situation was resolved, as the Duchy of Luxembourg was upgraded to a GrandDuchy of the German Confederation ... image coat Arms of Luxembourg.svg image map Luxembourg 1477.jpg image map caption Duchy of Luxembourg ... date event1 br 1214 event2 Raised to duchy date event2 1354 event3 Held by the br spaces 4 Duchy ... The County , later Duchy of Luxembourg lang lb L tzebuerg , lang de Luxemburg was a Imperial state ... this lower town contained two churches, two bridges of the rivers Alzette and Petruss . Its inhabitants ... have over the years greatly reduced its territory Duchy 1353 1790 Luxembourg remained an independent ... IV elevated it to the status of a duchy for his brother Wenceslaus I of Luxembourg Wenceslaus . The ducal ... the Duchy passed to the Duke Philip the Good of Duchy of Burgundy Burgundy of the French House of Valois ... Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg Coat of arms of Luxembourg References reflist Ermesinde et l affranchissement .... Burgundian Circle coord 49.61 6.13 dim 100000 region LU display title DEFAULTSORT County, Duchy And GrandDuchy Of Luxembourg Category 960s establishments Category History of Luxembourg Category County of Luxembourg Category Duchy of Luxembourg Category Counties of the Holy Roman Empire Luxembourg ... more details
Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg image map Map RB 1812 GrandDuchy of Berg.svg image map caption The GrandDuchy of Berg red within the br Confederation of the Rhine ...Infobox former country native name Grand duch de Berg French language fr br Gro herzogtum Berg German language de conventional long name GrandDuchy of Berg common name Berg continent Europe country Germany ... title leader Grand Duke leader1 Joachim Murat Joachim I year leader1 1806 1809 leader2 Napoleon Louis Bonaparte Louis I year leader2 1809 1813 currency The GrandDuchy of Berg was established by Napoleon ... July 1806 Murat joined the Confederation of the Rhine and assumed the title of a grand duke . His ... to a series of revolts and uprisings. The GrandDuchy s short existence came to an end, when the French ... by Kingdom of Prussia Prussia , which officially incorporated the former GrandDuchy according ... of arms of the GrandDuchy of Berg 1806 1809 . File Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg Coat of arms of the GrandDuchy of Berg 1809 1813 . gallery center Departments ... Berg, GrandDuchy of Category 1813 disestablishments Category History of Germany by location ... of Lower Saxony Category History of North Rhine Westphalia Category Napoleonic Wars Category States ... between the First French Empire French Empire at the Rhine river and the Kingdom of Westphalia . History The French First Republic French annexation of the Duchy of J lich lang fr Juliers during the French ... Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria Maximilian Joseph , separated the remaining Duchy of Berg from ... branch of the Wittelsbach s. File Kn tel II, 44.jpg thumb left Grand ducal lancer of the Imperial ... of his brother in law Joachim Murat , including territories of the former Prussian Duchy of Cleves east of the Rhine river. Murat s arms combined the red lion of Berg with the Cleves arms. The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat s position as Grand Admiral and as Marshal of the Empire ... more details
French War States of the Confederation of the Rhine DEFAULTSORT Wurzburg, GrandDuchy Category 1814 disestablishments Category W rzburg GrandDuchy Category States of the Confederation of the Rhine Category ... was secularized in 1803 and granted to Bavaria. In the same year Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinand III , former GrandDuchy of Tuscany Grand Duke of Tuscany , was compensated with the Electorate ... Electorate of W rzburg Kurf rstentum W rzburg , but it was elevated to the status of a GrandDuchy after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire on 6 August 1806. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine ... to the Kingdom of Bavaria and the grandduchy was dissolved. Ferdinand was restored to a reconstituted GrandDuchy of Tuscany by the Congress of Vienna . The Roman Catholic Diocese of W rzburg was reestablished ... fr Grand duch de Wurtzbourg nl Groothertogdom W rzburg pt Gr o Ducado de Wurzburgo ru ... more details
ref stat area1 7688.36 stat pop1 1282051 footnotes Accepts wikilinks The GrandDuchy of Hesse and by Rhine German Gro herzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein , or, between 1806 and 1816, GrandDuchy of Hesse ... of the Grand Dukes in Darmstadt The GrandDuchy changed its name to the GrandDuchy of Hesse and by Rhine lang de Gro herzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein in 1816. In 1867, the northern half of the GrandDuchy Upper Hesse became a part of the North German Confederation , while the half of the GrandDuchy ...Infobox Former Country native name Gro herzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein conventional long name GrandDuchy of Hesse and by Rhine common name Hesse continent Europe region Germany country Germany era government ... Confederation from 1806, when the Landgraviate of Hesse Darmstadt was elevated to a GrandDuchy ..., in 1876 the state founded its own company, the GrandDuchy of Hesse State Railways , which continued ... Duchy of Hesse Upper Hesse, Starkenburg and Rhenish Hesse The GrandDuchy of Hesse was divided into three ... simple GrandDuchy of Hesse sv Storhertigd met Hessen th vi i c ng ... LF.png image map Map DR Hesse.svg image map caption Grand Ducal Hesse within the German Empire capital Darmstadt latd 49 latm 52 latNS N longd 8 longm 39 longEW E leader1 Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis I leader2 Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis II leader3 Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis III leader4 Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis IV leader5 Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Ernest ... 1892 1918 title leader Rulers of Hesse Grand Duke stat year1 1910 ref http www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de ... of Napoleon s Confederation of the Rhine , it was forced to cede a considerable amount of territory at the 1815 Congress of Vienna . The territory of the Duchy of Westphalia , which Hesse Darmstadt ... some territory on the western bank of the Rhine , including the important federal Fortress Mainz ... state of the German Empire. The last Grand Duke, Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Ernst ... more details
Infobox former country native name Gro herzogtum Baden conventional long name GrandDuchy of Baden common ... 1806 year end 1918 event start Margrave Margraviate raised br spaces 4 to grandduchy date start ... of the Rhine in 1806, when he was raised to Grand Duke of Baden. br b. For more information, see de Badische St ndeversammlung Badische St ndeversammlung on the German Wikipedia. The GrandDuchy of Baden lang de Gro herzogtum Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany , on the east bank of the Rhine . It existed between 1806 and 1918. History main History of Baden Baden ... Roman Empire . Baden became the much enlarged GrandDuchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy ... the revolution in Baden was suppressed mainly by Prussian troops. The GrandDuchy of Baden remained ... Baden became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic of Baden . Constitution and Government The GrandDuchy of Baden was a hereditary monarchy with executive power vested in the Grand Duke while the legislative ... two of them legal functionaries nominated by the Grand Duke. The lower chamber consisted of 73 popular ... DE type country display title DEFAULTSORT Baden, GrandDuchy Category 1918 disestablishments Category Baden GrandDuchy of Baden Category History of Baden W rttemberg Category States of the German ... Goldmark small 1873 1914 small German Papiermark Papiermark small from 1914 small title leader Grand duke leader1 Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden Charles Frederick year leader1 1771 1811 br spaces 4 first grand duke smallsup a leader2 Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden Friedrich II died 1928 year leader2 1907 18 br spaces 4 last grand duke title deputy Staatsminister deputy1 de Sigismund von ... area2 15082 stat pop2 2009320 footnotes a Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden Karl Friedrich was Margrave ... years. The lower chambers were elected for four years, half the members retiring every two years. The executive consisted of four departments The interior, foreign and grand ducal affairs, finance, and justice ... more details
.svg s3 GrandDuchy of Hesse GD Hesse flag s3 Flagge Gro herzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg s4 ... of the Rhine image map2 Grandduchy Frankfurt 1812.png image map2 caption Detailed map of the GrandDuchy span style background a3b0c0 border solid 1px black spaces 3 span capital Aschaffenburg ... 5173 stat pop1 302100 footnotes Accepts wikilinks The GrandDuchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite ... GrandDuchy of Frankfurt. Although the grandduchy was named after the city of Frankfurt, Dalberg .... By the constitution of the grandduchy, upon Dalberg s death, the state would be inherited ... of Eugene on 26 October 1813, following Napoleon s defeat at the Battle of Leipzig . The grandduchy ... once again became a free city, most of the territory of the grandduchy was ultimately annexed by the Kingdom of Bavaria. Client states of the Great French War States of the Confederation of the Rhine DEFAULTSORT Frankfurt, GrandDuchy Category States of the Confederation of the Rhine Category History of Bavaria Category History of Hesse Category History of Frankfurt GrandDuchy Hesse geo stub ... title deputy Grand duke deputy1 Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg Karl Theodor von Dalberg ... fr Grand duch de Francfort nl Groothertogdom Frankfurt no Storhertugd mmet Frankfurt pl Wielkie ... more details
GrandDuchy is an United States American rock band formed in 2008 by Black Francis and his wife Violet Clark. Discography Albums Petits Fours 2009 Come On Over To My House 2 45 Lovesick 3 52 Fort Wayne 4 37 Seeing Stars 3 29 Black Suit 4 29 The Long Song 5 15 Break the Angels 5 17 Ermesinde 4 04 Volcano 3 34 EPs Lovesick 2009 Lovesick Vapors The Timbers External links http grandduchymusic.com Official band website MySpace grandduchymusic GrandDuchy Discogs artist artist GrandDuchy name GrandDuchy Allmusic class artist id p1118311 pure url yes GrandDuchy at All.music Black Francis Category Musical groups established in 2008 Category Musical groups from Portland, Oregon Category Alternative rock groups from Oregon US rock band stub ... more details
GrandDuchy of Posen common name Posen subdivision Client state continent Europe nation Prussia year ... coat Grand Coat of Arms of GrandDuchy of Pozna .svg image map Map Prussia Posen.svg image map caption The GrandDuchy was administrated as the Province of Posen , within the Kingdom of Prussia . capital ... 1815 1831 stat area1 28951 stat pop1 1350000 stat year1 1849 Polish statehood The GrandDuchy of Posen , or the GrandDuchy of Pozna lang de Gro herzogtum Posen lang pl Wielkie Ksi stwo Pozna skie ... pl Pozna . The GrandDuchy was formally replaced by the Province of Posen in the Prussian constitution ... was returned to Prussia. From them the GrandDuchy of Posen was to be created, that was to be a nominally ... supported by Poles from the GrandDuchy. Afterward, the Prussian administration under Oberpr sident ... of the Spring of Nations hidden for the moment since it does not discuss the grandduchy Before 1848 ... 200px GrandDuchy of Posen light blue after its creation, in 1815 The area was 28,951 km and contained ... the Province of the GrandDuchy of Posen in the years 1815 1849, and later to simplify just the Province ... 1841 Central Economic Society for the GrandDuchy of Pozna established 1861, lang pl Centralne ... of the GrandDuchy of Pozna Immanuel Lazarus Fuchs 1833 1902 , Prussian mathematician Maksymilian ... general of the GrandDuchy of Pozna Walenty Stefa ski 1813 1877 , Polish bookseller, political ... president of Pozna City, 1891 1902 See also commons category GrandDuchy of Posen Congress Poland ... divisions of Greater Poland DEFAULTSORT Posen, GrandDuchy Of Category Historical regions in Poland ... Uprising date event1 May 9, 1848 p1 Duchy of Warsaw image p1 Image Duchy of Warsaw 11.PNG 20px Coat ... leader List of Polish monarchs Grand Duke of Posen, King of Prussia leader1 Frederick William III ... for his campaigns. After the defeat of Prussia by First French Empire Napoleonic France , the Duchy ... nation, culture and language , and was outside the German Confederation . Originally the Duchy was to include ... more details
Summary Information Description Map showing GrandDuchy of Finland. Source From CIA World Factbook Edited from former map on article Date Author Permission other versions Licensing PD USGov CIA WF Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Svenbot priority true ... more details
Infobox Book name The GrandDuchy of Karameikos image Image GAZ1 TSR9193 The GrandDuchy of Karameikos.jpg 250px image caption author Aaron Allston genre Role playing game publisher TSR, Inc. TSR release date 1987 media type pages 64 isbn The GrandDuchy of Karameikos product code GAZ1 is an accessory for the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set Basic Set edition for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role playing game . The book was written by Aaron Allston , and was published in 1987. Cover art is by Clyde Caldwell , with interior illustrations by Stephen Fabian . Contents This book describes the feudal nation of Karameikos, designed to be a good starting place for player character s. ref name HW The book covers the history, politics, society, economy, and geography of Karameikos, plus rules for generating local characters and their knowledge of the land. ref name HW The GrandDuchy of Karameikos features an extensive collection of detailed NPCs. ref name Dragon 129 cite journal last Rolston first Ken authorlink Ken Rolston title Role playing Reviews journal Dragon magazine Dragon issue 129 pages 83 84 publisher TSR, Inc. TSR location Lake Geneva, Wisconsin month January year 1988 ref The gazetteer includes maps and descriptions of several cities and villages, and a number of adventure scenario suggestions. ref name HW This 64 page booklet describes the realm of Karameikos within the D&D world. After the introduction, the book is divided into two sections, the Gazetteer section, and the Adventure section. The Gazetteer describes some background information for the players, and details the history, politics, society, economy, and communities of Karameikos, as well as some characters and monsters that may be encountered there. The Adventure section features adventures characters appropriate ... history GAZ1 The GrandDuchy of Karameikos was written by Aaron Allston , with a cover by Clyde Caldwell ... 0 87975 653 5 page 141 ref Reception References reflist D&D stub DEFAULTSORT GrandDuchy of Karameikos ... more details
Grand Duke of Cracow¹ footnotes ¹ Also the Emperor of Austria . Image Wmkrakow.jpg thumb 300px Map of the Free City of Krak w. For the Grand Duke, overlord of the Polanes, during the fragmentation of Poland 1138 1320 , see Duke of Cracow The GrandDuchy of Cracow ref Frederic Austin Ogg ... to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and the GrandDuchy of Cracow with the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator . These entities Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria , Cracow, Duchy of Auschwitz , and Duchy ... Duchy of Cracow 22&lr &as drrb is b&as minm is 0&as miny is 1990&as maxm is 0&as maxy is &as brr 0&cd 1 v onepage&q 22Grand 20Duchy 20of 20Cracow 22&f false p. 89 ref ref GrandDuchy of Cracow used in many http books.google.com books?q 22Grand Duchy of Cracow 22&btnG Search Books English language ... the incorporation of the Free City of Krak w to Austria on November 16, 1846. The title of Grand Duke ... City, a remnant of the Duchy of Warsaw , had been made a protectorate , however functionally independent ..., however, they formed a single province. The Duchy had its own local government, Governorate Commission ... de Cracovia fr Grand duch de Cracovie hr Velika Vojvodina Krakov it Granducato di Cracovia ja ... more details
Seimas Sejm, Sojm , lang be was an early parliament in the GrandDuchy of Lithuania . It was active from 1445 to 1569, when it was officially abolished by the Union of Lublin . ref name s The Seimas was an irregular gathering of the Lithuanian nobility , called as needed by the Grand Duke or during an interregnum the Lithuanian Council of Lords an early government . The meetings would usually last about 1 or 2 weeks. Seimas gradually evolved from a meeting of the most powerful magnates to a full legislative institution representing all of the nobility. ref name va The Seimas was not the main political player as it was overshadowed by the Council of Lords. The Union of Lublin created a new state, the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth , and joined the Seimas of Lithuania with Sejm of Poland into one General Sejm Sejm of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth . However, the Seimas continued to convene under the name of Lithuanian Convocation. In total there were 40 Seimas and 37 Convocations. ref name s History class wikitable align left colspan 3 Number of Seimas Meetings ref name s lt icon cite web url http www3.lrs.lt home w5 viewer statiniai seimu istorija w5 show p r 1003&p k 1.html ... Seimas of Lithuania DEFAULTSORT Seimas Of The GrandDuchy Of Lithuania Category Legal history of Lithuania ... Lithuanian Wars raged the country almost continuously between 1492 and 1582, the Grand Duke needed ... acquired some legislative powers. The Seimas could petition the Grand Duke to pass certain laws. ref ... the upper house, called Senate, was the equivalent to the former Council of Lords and the lower ... the partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. It debated matters concerning the GrandDuchy of Lithuania or tried to establish a common position among Lithuanian delegates before departing ... and lower houses and procedures of the Seimas each powiat could send only two representatives. Convocations were called by the Grand Duke, who also ratified its decisions and included them in official ... more details
Infobox Micronation fullName GrandDuchy of the Lagoan Isles shortName Lagoan Isles status Current flagImage Image Lagoanflag.jpg 170px secondImage Image LagoanIslesroyalarms.jpg 70px secondImageType Coat of Arms motto As ondas do amor cercam nos englishMotto The water of love surrounds us anthemName God Save Our Islands Three anthemComposer location purpOrgStruct Constitutional monarchy head of state Louis Robert Harold Stephens Grand Duke Louis head of government Prince Regent Michael Bates Johannes Siegel Prime Minister claimant foundationDate August 16, 2005 areaClaimed 43,000 m sup 2 sup membership 30 2006 language English language English purpCurrency Lagoan EdneyDollar currencycode D capital ethnicgroups demonym Lagoan s gdp timezone Greenwich Mean Time GMT footnotes The GrandDuchy of the Lagoan Isles is a micronation based in United Kingdom Britain . It was created in 2005 by school teacher Louis Robert Harold Stephens Grand Duke Louis , born 1985 as a class project, and claims as its territory Baffins Pond, near Portsmouth, England Portsmouth , along with the three tiny island s located within the pond. However, the GrandDuchy does not have a physical presence in, or exercise any authority over the area, and its operations are largely limited to the Internet . ref cite book title Micronations last Ryan first John coauthors Dunford, George Sellars, Simon year 2006 publisher Lonely Planet isbn 1741047307 pages url http books.google.com books?id 5ZRrwrlIPSYC&pg PA88&dq 22Lagoan Isles 22&num 100&sig ACfU3U19J7d5PnSpV3gve2LyCcMZvFQc1A PPA87,M1 ref History Records of Baffins Farm including the pond date back to 1194. Since then it has changed hands several times. In the 19th century it was used by local farmers, and in 1912 it became a public park. In 1938 it was saved from demolition, and sold to the City of Portsmouth. Stephens established the GrandDuchy s putative ... 2011, the GrandDuchy s status is unclear, as its website has not been updated since January 2007 ... more details
Infobox Former Country native name Granducato di Toscana conventional long name GrandDuchy of Tuscany ... The GrandDuchy of Tuscany at his greatest exent during 1796 capital Florence national anthem La ..., ISBN 978 0 099 52297 3, pp. 315 321 ref The grandduchy s capital was Florence . Before the advent ... The grandduchy, initially, was ruled by the House of Medici until its extinction in 1737. Under the Medici ... entire rule. His descendants ruled, and resided in, the grandduchy until 1859, barring one interruption ... . Following the collapse of the Napoleonic system in 1814, the grandduchy was restored. The United ... of voters approved. ref name Heraldica Medici period Foundation The GrandDuchy of Tuscany was founded ... The grandduchy succeeded the Duchy of Florence , which had been established by Cosimo s predecessor ..., Grand Duke of Tuscany Francesco , to rule the duchy. Cosimo I died in 1574 of apoplexy , leaving ... the population of the entire grandduchy had decreased by an estimated 40 . ref Strathern, p 392 ref ... not appropriate material for the role of sovereign to the collapsing grandduchy. Tuscany ... asserted his remote claim to the grandduchy through some Medici descent . However, he died in 1711 ... The GrandDuchy of Tuscany publisher heraldica.org date July 4, 2005 author Fran ois Velde url http google.com search?q cache kUU EPqvxDoJ www.heraldica.org topics royalty tuscany.htm The GrandDuchy ... one. ref name Heraldica cite web title The GrandDuchy of Tuscany publisher heraldica.org author ... topics royalty tuscany.htm The GrandDuchy of Tuscany&cd 3&hl en&ct clnk&gl ie&client firefox a accessdate ... became Tuscany s grand duchess. Francis had to cede his ancestral Lorraine duchyDuchy of Lorraine ... structure of the grandduchy itself would see little change under Francis I. Reform ... and wife, 1776 Image Flag of the GrandDuchy of Tuscany 1840 .svg thumb State flag of Tuscany ... brought the GrandDuchy to a level of stability that had not been seen in quite a while. He revamped ... more details
File Lithuanian state in 13 15th centuries.png thumb 300px GrandDuchy of Lithuania in the 13 15th centuries File GrandDuchy of Lithuania Rus and Samogitia 1434.jpg thumb 300px Position of GrandDuchy of Lithuania in Northern and Eastern Europe until 1434. The GrandDuchy of Lithuania was a European ... lands began in the late 12th century. Mindaugas , the first ruler of GrandDuchy, was crowned as Catholicism ... in the history of GrandDuchy of Lithuania Christianization of Lithuania conversion into Catholicism and establishment of a dynastic union between the GrandDuchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland ... the Great marked both the greatest territorial expansion of the GrandDuchy and defeat of the Teutonic ... created a new state, the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth . In this federation , the GrandDuchy of Lithuania ... to the Statutes of the GrandDuchy of Lithuania the complete name of the state is GrandDuchy ..., , . ref name name The title of GrandDuchy was consistently applied ... Baltic tribes had disappeared, and GrandDuchy of Lithuania was left to battle the Orders on its own. Gediminids dynasty has ruled GrandDuchy of Lithuania for several centuries, and Vytenis was the first ... borders of Belarus and most of the territory of GrandDuchy of Lithuania was left untouched ... of GrandDuchy successfully defeated the army of the Golden Horde . ref http www.istpravda.com.ua ... years before the infamous Battle at Kulikovo Field . But GrandDuchy of Lithuania was not built only ... defeated in battle but agreed to be vassals of GrandDuchy of Lithuania. Since most of them were already ... dependency of GrandDuchy of Lithuania. ref Glenn Hinson. The Church Triumphant A History of Christianity ... from 1392 to 1430. Vytautas was one of the most famous rulers of the GrandDuchy of Lithuania .... Under his rule, the GrandDuchy of Lithuania slowly became more centralized, as the governors loyal ... who formed the basis for the nobility of GrandDuchy of Lithuania. During Vytautas rule, the Radziwi ... more details
flag type Flag image coat Coat of Arms of GrandDuchy of Finland.svg symbol type Coat of arms ... since 1811. The GrandDuchy of Finland correctly Grand Principality of Finland lang fi Suomen ... body of the GrandDuchy, and was composed of native Finns. In Saint Petersburg St. Petersburg Finnish ... Provinces main Provinces of the GrandDuchy of Finland File Finlandduchy.jpg 250px thumb right The Provinces of Finland, about 1900. The administrative division of the grandduchy followed the Russian ... Province was not initially part of the grandduchy, but in 1812 it was transferred by Tsar Alexander ... in the grandduchy until the end and that continued in the independent Finland Turku and Pori Province ... Gustav Vasa around 1580. The arms were adopted also for the grandduchy, though the position of the eastern ... choosing. See also Diet of Finland Military of the GrandDuchy of Finland Finnish Socialist Workers ... GrandDuchy to a Modern State A Political History of Finland Since 1809 Hurst & Co. 1999 . Kan, Aleksander ... 1981 . External links commonscat GrandDuchy of Finland http www.histdoc.net historia altfinl.html suom ... source kolossus eswiki display title DEFAULTSORT Finland, GrandDuchy of Category Former countries in Europe Category Former monarchies of Europe Category GrandDuchy of Finland Category History of Finland GrandDuchy of Finland Category Subdivisions of the Russian Empire Category 1917 disestablishments ... knyazhestvo Finlyandskoye small conventional long name Grand Principality of Finland common name Finland continent Europe status Client state empire Russia status text Autonomy Autonomous grand principality ... title leader List of Finnish monarchs Grand Prince leader1 Alexander I of Russia Alexander ... meritocracy meritocratic grand principality common languages Swedish language Swedish , Finnish language ... czar as Grand Prince. History main History of Finland An extended Finland Proper was made a titular Principality Grand Principality in 1581, when King John III of Sweden , who as a prince had been ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove May 2007 weasel February 2008 Infobox Micronation fullName GrandDuchy of Avram shortName status Current flagImage secondImage Image Arms Avram.GIF secondImageType Coat of Arms motto englishMotto anthemName anthemComposer location areaClaimed Non territorial membership 5 foundationDate 1980s leadership John Charlton Rudge Prince John, Grand Duke of Avram purpOrgStruct Absolute monarchy language English language English purpCurrency Ducal footnotes The GrandDuchy of Avram is a micronation founded in the early 1980s by Tasmania n John Charlton Rudge who sources also alternately name John Avram and John Charlton, His Grace, the Most Noble the Duke of Avram ref name parliament cite web url http www.parliament.tas.gov.au History tasparl avram676.htm title Avram s Tasmanian parliament profile publisher The Parliament of Tasmania date November 24, 2005 accessdate 2008 04 02 ref , an anti taxation campaigner and Hermetic Qabalah adherent. He is generally known as the Grand Duke of Avram . The earliest public manifestation of the Duchy was a bank which initially operated from retail premises owned by Rudge in George Town, Tasmania , and which issued its own banknotes and coinage. This enterprise was later relocated to Strahan, Tasmania Strahan , on Tasmania s west coast. Customers were required to exchange Australian currency for the Avram equivalents in order to transact business in Rudge s store. In an attempt to circumvent Australian banking statutes, Rudge did not trade as a bank, but instead referred to the operation as a b nk . The unlicensed nature ... Official website Micronations DEFAULTSORT GrandDuchy Of Avram Category Micronations ... origin. He also claims to be the grand master of a handful of ancient order of chivalry orders ... 2007 The Duchy of Avram has never claimed territory in the manner of other Australian micronations such as the Hutt River Province , and the Duke is on record as saying that the Duchy is a state ... more details
The governorates of the GrandDuchy of Finland were the administrative division of the GrandDuchy of Finland as part of the Russian Empire from 1809 to 1917. The administrative division of Finland followed the Russian imperial model with governorate s lang ru Guberniya , lang sv l n , lang fi l ni headed by governors. However few changes were made and as the language of the administrators was still Swedish language Swedish the old terminology from during the Swedish time continued in local use. The Vyborg Governorate was not initially part of the grandduchy, but in 1812 it was transferred from Russia proper to Finland. Governorates After 1831 there were eight provinces in the grandduchy. bo och Bj rneborgs Governorate lang ru , lang sv bo och Bj rneborgs l n , lang fi Turun ja Porin l ni Kuopio Governorate lang ru , lang sv Kuopio l n , lang fi Kuopion l ni Nikolaistad Governorate lang ru , lang sv Nikolaistads l n , lang fi Nikolainkaupunkin l ni Nyland Governorate lang ru , lang sv Nylands l n , lang fi Uudenmaan l ni St. Michel Governorate lang ru , lang sv St. Michels l n , lang fi Mikkelin l ni Tavastehus Governorate lang ru , lang sv Tavastehus l n , lang fi H meen l ni Ule borg Governorate lang ru , lang sv Ule borgs l n , lang fi Oulun l ni Vyborg Governorate lang ru .... The ceded territories became a part of the Russian Empire and was reconstituted into the GrandDuchy of Finland , with the Russian Tsar as Grand Duke. In 1812 the Vyborg Governorate was transferred from Russia proper to the grandduchy. The transfer, announced Tsar Alexander I of Russia Alexander ... centuries, the first half century of Finland as a Russian grandduchy meant a period of consolidation ... had been ruled as governorates of a Russian grandduchy, would now become Provinces of Finland ... more details
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