et al. 2004, 2005 . On this view, if latitudinal gradients of species richness were determined solely ... in latitudinal gradients of species richness, particularly for wide ranging species e.g. Jetz ... latitudinal gradients in species richness as well. The hypothesis is supported by much recent evidence ... gradients from published literature to determine the generality of the latitudinal diversity gradient .... C. Hurtt. 1994. Nonbiological gradients in species richness and a spurious Rapoport effect. American ... gradients is there anything to learn. American Naturalist 166 E140 E143. Hawkins, B. A., and E ... effect. Ecology Letters 9 149 159. Koleff, P., and K. J. Gaston. 2001. Latitudinal gradients in diversity .... R. 1966. Latitudinal gradients in species diversity a review of concepts. American Naturalist 100 ... of London Series B, 274 165 174. Rohde, K. 1992. Latitudinal gradients in species diversity the search ... not explain latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Oikos, 79, 169 172. Romdal, T. S., R. K. Colwell ... mid domain effect. Ecology 86 235 244. Rosenzweig, M. L. 1992. Species diversity gradients we ... the area hypothesis of latitudinal gradients. Pages 87 106 in T. M. Blackburn and K. J. Gaston ... of latitudinal gradients of species richness with an empirical test for marsupials and bats in the New World. Oikos 81 93 98. Willig, M. R., D. M. Kaufmann, and R. D. Stevens. 2003. Latitudinal gradients .... J. Gaston, and S. L. Chown. 2003. Mid domain models of species richness gradients assumptions, methods ... gradients in species Latitudinal gradients in species a Knol by Klaus Rohde , Professor emeritus, UNE ... more details
can be described by the distribution of intensity gradients or edge directions. The implementation .... The Histogram of Oriented Gradients descriptor maintains a few key advantages over other descriptor methods. Since the Histogram of Oriented Gradients descriptor operates on localized cells ... aceMedia files document wp7 2005 cvpr05 inria.pdf title Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human ... aceMedia files document wp7 2005 cvpr05 inria.pdf title Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human ... gradients used in conjunction with 9 histogram channels performed best in their human detection ... aceMedia files document wp7 2005 cvpr05 inria.pdf title Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human ... document wp7 2005 cvpr05 inria.pdf title Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection, pg. 6 ... www.acemedia.org aceMedia files document wp7 2005 cvpr05 inria.pdf title Histograms of Oriented Gradients ... title Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection, pg. 4 ref Deleted image removed Image ... title Object Detection using Histograms of Oriented Gradients ref Deleted image removed Image hog ... using Infrared images and Histograms of Oriented Gradients ref At the IEEE Conference on Computer ... title Fast Human Detection Using a Cascade of Histograms of Oriented Gradients ref ref cite ... Detection Using a Cascade of Histograms of Oriented Gradients ref See also Corner detection Feature ... more details
Incomplete date January 2010 Steepest gradients on railways are a limiting factor determining how much a locomotive can haul upwards. Braking on the downhill leg is also a limiting factor. There have been various solutions to hauling rail mounted vehicles up or down inclines. These include simple rail adhesion, rack railways and cable inclines including rail mounded water tanks to carry barges . To help with braking on a decent a non load bearing brake rail located between the running rails can be used e.g. Isle of Man . Tramways Light rail often have higher gradients than heavier railways. This is because all wheels usually are connected to engine power in order to give better acceleration. 5 is not uncommon on them. Metros and pure commuter railways often allow higher gradients, up to 4 for the same reason. High speed railways commonly allow 2.5 to 4 because the trains must be strong and have many wheels with power to be able to reach very high speeds. For freight trains, gradients should be as gentle as possible, preferably below 1.5 . Rack Steep gradients can be overcome by the use of rack equipment, however it is not practical to equip all locomotives with such equipment. The list below is of some of the steepest gradients on Rail adhesion adhesion railways . Examples In order of steepness . C Compensated for curvature 1 in 9 11 Cass Scenic Railway former logging railway West Virginia, USA 1 in 11 9 Allentown light rail line Pittsburgh, USA 1 in 12 8.33 Nilgiri Mountain Railway, India 1 in 14 Hopton Incline , United Kingdom 1 in 14.2 7 Bernina Pass, Switzerland. Sacramento Light Rail, Sacramento, California, USA 1 in 18 5.5 Near Alausi, Ecuador on line to Quito 1 in 18 5.5 Fl msbanen , Norway 1 in 19 Camden railway line Camden Tram New South Wales, Australia. 1 in 22.5 4.4 Thamshavn Line , Norway 1 in 25 4.0 Cologne Frankfurt high speed rail line , Germany 1 in 25 4.0 Chosica Galera, Central Railway of Peru 1 in 25 4.0 Cumbres Pass, Colorado, 1 in 25C Batlow branch ... more details
Summary A simple picture created using the Painting tool on Appleworks 6 by WaterMan90. Gradients on this picture are user created. Licensing PD self date March 2007 ... more details
Summary selfmade work , full life cycle of a cumulus family of clouds, provided enough gradients, moisture, warmth and shear are sufficiently present. Licensing GFDL self migration relicense ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Mechanotaxis , also known as durotaxis , is the directed movement of cell motility or outgrowth, e.g. in the case of axonal outgrowth, either up or down a rigidity gradient. These rigidity gradients are often present in biomaterials seeded with cells of interest, where the gradients are established by altering the degree of cross linking in the polymer . Category Locomotion Cell biology stub es Durotaxis uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 An environmental gradient is a gradual change in abiotic factors through space or time . Environmental gradients can be related to factors such as altitude, temperature, depth, ocean proximity and soil humidity. Species Abundance ecology abundance s usually change along environmental gradients in a more or less predictive way. However, the species abundance along an envronmental gradient is not only determined by the abiotic factor but, also by the change in the biotic interaction s along the environmental gradient. At an ecotone , species Abundance ecology abundance s change relatively quick compared to the environmental gradient. The species distribution along environmental gradients has been studied intensively due to large databases of species presence data e.g. Global Biodiversity Information Facility GBIF See also Biome , cline biology , thermocline . DEFAULTSORT Environmental Gradient Ecology stub Category Ecology ... more details
Summary A Chart and Description of the Boston and Worcester and Western Railroads In which is Noted the Towns, Villages, Station, Bridges, Viaducts, Tunnels, Cuttings, Embankments, Gradients, &c., the Scenery and Its Natural History, and Other Objects Passed by this Line of Railway. With Numerous ... By William Guild Published by Bradbury & Guild, 1847 p. 15 Licensing PD US ... more details
Summary A Chart and Description of the Boston and Worcester and Western Railroads In which is Noted the Towns, Villages, Station, Bridges, Viaducts, Tunnels, Cuttings, Embankments, Gradients, &c., the Scenery and Its Natural History, and Other Objects Passed by this Line of Railway. With Numerous ... By William Guild Published by Bradbury & Guild, 1847 p. 15 Licensing PD US ... more details
Summary Description of the Boston and Worcester and Western Railroads In which is Noted the Towns, Villages, Station, Bridges, Viaducts, Tunnels, Cuttings, Embankments, Gradients, &c., the Scenery and Its Natural History, and Other Objects Passed by this Line of Railway. With Numerous ... By William Guild Published by Bradbury & Guild, 1847 p. 13 Licensing PD US ... more details
Gradient analysis is an empirical analytical method used in plant community ecology to relate the abundances of various species in a plant community to various environmental gradients by Ordination statistics ordination or by Weighted mean weighted averaging . These gradients are usually Variable mathematics variables that are important in plant species distributions, and include temperature, water availability, light, and soil nutrients, or their closely correlated surrogates. Reference Mike Palmer, http ordination.okstate.edu Ordination Methods for Ecologists Botany Department of Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 15 August 2010. ecology stub modelling ecosystems expanded other Category Community ecology ... more details
primarysources date December 2008 Decomposed Subsonic is the alter ego of musician Hartmut Wessling . He performs Microhouse minimal house that uses White noise static , and found noises to create a variety of different sounds. While some tracks are very ambient soundscapes with little to no percussion, a number of them are very dance floor oriented, with vocals, Roland TB 303 acid basslines and hard, innovative rhythms. The first album, Blaue L wen German for blue lions , released in 2000 , represents a more ambient, sampling music sampled sound, while the second LP, Gradients 2002 , is more accessible, with more vocals, more hooks and less experimentation. Discography Blaue L wen LP Gradients LP I Never Say EP Atlantic View Single Wild Nights EP External links Discogs artist Category German musical groups Germany band stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Reverse diffusion refers to a situation where the transport of particles atom s or molecule s in a medium occurs towards regions of lower concentration gradients, opposite to that observed during diffusion . This phenomenon occurs during phase matter phase separation and is described by the Cahn Hilliard equation . Reverse diffusion also refers to when water is forced from an region of lower concentration to high. DEFAULTSORT Reverse Diffusion Category Diffusion Physics stub cs Reverzn osm za ... more details
Summary logo fur REQUIRED Article WEMM FM Use Representation of station s logo HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source http www.wemmfm.com images gradients banner.jpg ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Infobox Owner Mortenson Broadcasting Company Website http www.wemmfm.com History Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Portion Low resolution Purpose To help better illustrate WEMM FM Replaceability No Fair Use other information Licensing Non free logo Category Christian radio images Category Radio station logos ... more details
One source date July 2010 Staufen is a protein product of a maternally expressed gene in Drosophila melanogaster that has been implicated in helping regulate genes important in determination of gradients that set up the anterior posterior axis. ref Bahram Houchmandzadeh, Eric Wieschaus, and Stanislas Leibler 2002 Nature 415, 798 802. Establishment of developmental precision and proportions in the early Drosophila embryo. ref references protein stub Category Proteins ... more details
Summary Information Description Treemap using color and gradients to distinguish nodes in a group. This allows for more room in the image to be used by nodes, since less room is needed for whitespace between groups. This is an alternate implementation based on cushioned treemap algorithms. Source http www.magnaview.com MagnaView Designer Pro Date 11 25, 2 April 2010 UTC Author GBoshouwers Permission See below other versions Licensing PD author ... more details
cleanup SVG Very bad work with the gradients here, perhaps it needs to be replaced with a .png Summary Logo fur Used for FIFA World Cup 2018 RUSSIA Bid Logo Source http www.russia2018 2022.com en.aspx Article 2018 FIFA World Cup Use Infobox Low resolution Licensing Non free logo SVG Logo ... more details
gradient moments are zero within one TR, i.e. gradients of opposite polarities cancel out, then there are no additional effects on the phase from gradients that is to say, SI of each voxels is the contributions ... more details
SNOPT is a software package for solving large scale Optimization mathematics optimization problems written by Philip Gill, Walter Murray and Michael Saunders. It is especially effective for nonlinear problems whose functions and gradients are expensive to evaluate. The functions should be smooth but need not be convex. See also SNOPT is supported in the AMPL , General Algebraic Modeling System GAMS and TOMLAB modeling systems External links http www.sbsi sol optimize.com asp sol product snopt.htm SNOPT home page http www.sbsi sol optimize.com manuals SNOPT 20Manual.pdf SNOPT manual .pdf Category Numerical software Category Mathematical optimization software ... more details
Summary This diagram illustrates the three different heads hydraulic, pressure and elevation for hydrostatic no flow conditions. The yellow rectangle represents a sand and water filled tube or column with its top open to the atmosphere and its bottom drained by a pipe or tube blue line . Hydraulic head red line gradients actually cause groundwater to flow. Pressure head blue line is zero at the top of the column, as designated by the inverted triangle and horizontal lines showing the water table . Elevation head green line always increases 1 1 with elevation. Licensing PD self date January 2007 ... more details
Summary This diagram illustrates the three different heads hydraulic, pressure and elevation for downward vertical flow. The yellow rectangle represents a sand and water filled tube or column with its top open to the atmosphere and its bottom drained by a pipe or tube blue line . Hydraulic head red line gradients actually cause groundwater to flow from high head to low head, down in this case . Pressure head blue line is zero at the top of the column, as designated by the inverted triangle and horizontal lines showing the water table . Elevation head green line always increases 1 1 with elevation. Licensing PD self date January 2007 ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 orphan date November 2009 In fluid mechanics , external flow is such a flow that boundary layers develop freely, without constraints imposed by adjacent surfaces. Accordingly, there will always exist a region of the flow outside the boundary layer in which velocity, temperature, and or concentration gradients are negligible.It can be defined as the flow of a fluid around a body that is completely submerged in it. An example includes fluid motion over a flat plate inclined or parallel to the free stream velocity and flow over curved surfaces such as a sphere, cylinder, airfoil, or turbine blade,air flowing around an airplane and water flowing around the submarines. DEFAULTSORT External Flow Category Aerodynamics Category Fluid dynamics Fluiddynamics stub ... more details
orphan date June 2010 Caraculo is a town in south central Angola . Transport It is served by a Railway stations in Angola station on the southern line of Angolan Railways . Near this town the railway has been deviated from its original alignment to avoid steep gradients. In 2008, a concrete sleeper factory was being established at this town. See also Transport in Angola References reflist coord 15 1 51 S 12 39 42 E region AO type city display title Category Populated places in Angola Angola geo stub ... more details
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