enzyme Name glycerol kinase EC number 2.7.1.30 CAS number IUBMB EC number GO code image width caption protein Name glycerol kinase caption image width HGNCid 4289 Symbol GK AltSymbols EntrezGene 2710 OMIM 300474 RefSeq NM 000167 UniProt P32189 PDB ECnumber 2.7.1.30 Chromosome X Arm p Band 21.3 LocusSupplementaryData Glycerol kinase is a phosphotransferase enzyme involved in lipolysis . Glycerol kinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from adenosine triphosphate ATP to glycerol thus forming glycerol phosphate . Adipocytes lack glycerol kinase so they cannot metabolize the glycerol produced during triacyl glycerol degradation. This glycerol is instead shuttled to the liver via the blood where it is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to glycerol phosphate converted to DHAP dihydroxyacetone phosphate which can participate in glycolysis or gluconeogenesis . Structure Glycerol Kinase adopts a rnase H ribonuclease H like fold consisting of an alpha beta 2 layer sandwich of CATH family 3.30.420.40. As of March 2010, there were 20 structures of this protein in the PDB, most of which are homodimeric. See also glycerol kinase External links MeshName Glycerol Kinase References Biochemistry, Champe, P.C., Harvey, R.A., Ferrier, D.R., 3rd ed., 2005. transferase stub Kinases de Glycerinkinasen ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydratase EC number 4.2.1.30 CAS number 9077 68 3 IUBMB EC number 4 2 1 30 GO code 0046405 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydratase EC number 4.2.1.30 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol math rightleftharpoons math 3 hydroxypropanal H sub 2 sub O Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , glycerol , and two product chemistry products , 3 hydroxypropanal and water H sub 2 sub O . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the hydro lyases, which cleave carbon oxygen bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol hydro lyase 3 hydroxypropanal forming . Other names in common use include glycerol dehydrase , and glycerol hydro lyase . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , cobamide . Structural studies As of late 2007, two tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1IWP and PDB link 1MMF . References reflist 1 cite journal author Forage RG, Foster MA date 1982 title Glycerol fermentation in Klebsiella pneumoniae functions of the coenzyme B12 dependent glycerol and diol dehydratases journal J. Bacteriol. volume 149 pages 413&ndash 9 pmid 7035429 issue 2 pmc 216523 cite journal author Schneider Z, Larsen EG, Jacobson G, Johnson BC, Pawelkiewicz J date 1970 title Purification and properties of glycerol dehydrase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 3388&ndash 96 pmid 4989992 issue 13 cite journal author Schneider Z, Pawelkiewicz J date 1966 title The properties of glycerol dehydratase isolated from Aerobacter aerogenes, and the properties of the apoenzyme subunits journal Acta. Biochim. Pol. volume 13 pages 311&ndash 28 pmid 5962440 issue 4 cite journal author SMILEY KL, SOBOLOV M date 1962 title A cobamide requiring glycerol dehydrase from an acrolein forming Lactobacillus journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 408565259 ImageFile glycerol 3 phosphate.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 1,2,3 Propanetriol, 1 dihydrogen phosphate OtherNames br Glycerophosphate br glycerolphosphate Section1 Chembox Identifiers KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C03189 InChI 1 C3H9O6P c4 1 3 5 2 9 10 6,7 8 h3 5H,1 2H2, H2,6,7,8 InChIKey AWUCVROLDVIAJX UHFFFAOYAM ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 358320 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C3H9O6P c4 1 3 5 2 9 10 6,7 8 h3 5H,1 2H2, H2,6,7,8 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey AWUCVROLDVIAJX UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 57 03 4 PubChem 754 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 734 SMILES O P O OCC O CO O MeSHName glycerol 3 phosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 3 sub H sub 9 sub O sub 6 sub P MolarMass 172.074 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Glycerol 3 phosphate is an organophosphate derived from phosphoric acid and glycerol . It is a component of glycerophospholipid s. It should not be confused with the similarly named glycerate 3 phosphate or glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate . The small L small configuration is the active enantiomer . Function Glycerol 3 phosphate is produced from glycerol , the triose sugar backbone of triglyceride s and glycerophospholipid s, by the enzyme glycerol kinase . Glycerol 3 phosphate may then be converted by dehydrogenation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP by the enzyme glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase . DHAP can then be rearranged into glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate GA3P by triose phosphate isomerase TIM , and feed into glycolysis . The glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup in brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals. See also Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase Phosphoethanolamine DEFAULTSORT Glycerol 3 Phosphate Category ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.6 CAS number 9028 14 2 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 6 GO code 0008888 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol NAD sup sup math rightleftharpoons math glycerone NADH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , whereas its three product chemistry products are glycerone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol NAD 2 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include glycerin dehydrogenase , and NAD linked glycerol dehydrogenase . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 4 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1JPU , PDB link 1JQ5 , PDB link 1JQA , PDB link 1KQ3 , and PDB link 1TA9 . See also Glycerol dehydrogenase NADP Glycerol dehydrogenase acceptor References reflist 1 cite journal author ASNIS RE, BRODIE AF year 1953 title A glycerol dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 203 pages 153&ndash 9 pmid 13069498 issue 1 cite journal author Burton RM and Kaplan NO year 1953 title A DPN specific glycerol dehydrogenase from Aerobacter aerogenes journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 75 pages 1005&ndash 1007 doi 10.1021 ja01100a520 cite journal author Lin ECC and Magasanik B year 1960 title The activation of glycerol dehydrogenase from Aerobacter aerogenes by monovalent cations journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 235 pages 1820&ndash 1823 pmid 14417009 Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of known structure 1.1.1 enzyme stub it Glicerolo ... more details
Orphan date December 2010 No footnotes date March 2009 Glycerol monolaurate or GML is a surfactant used as a food additive , and in other products. It also occurs naturally in breast milk . ref Lieberman, S., M.G. Enig, and H.G. Preuss. 2006. A review of monolaurin and lauric acid natural virucidal and bactericidal agents. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. ref File Glycerol monolaurate 2D skeletal.png 300px Uses GML is used in ice cream and cosmetics as an emulsifier and preservative. It is also used in soaps. Glycerol Monolaurate Research Glycerol Monolaurate has been shown to have antibacerial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. ref Lieberman, S., M.G. Enig, and H.G. Preuss. 2006. A review of monolaurin and lauric acid natural virucidal and bactericidal agents. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. ref GML has been a successful treatment for toxic shock syndrom. In 2009, a team from the University of Minnesota reported that GML may provide some protection against infection from the HIV virus. The research is published in the March 4, 2009 online edition of Nature. references http in.reuters.com article healthNewsMolt idINTRE52356U20090304 http jb.asm.org cgi content abstract 176 14 4204 http www.nature.com news 2009 090304 full news.2009.135.html External links http www.ahc.umn.edu gml DEFAULTSORT Glycerol Monolaurate Category Food additives Category Surfactants ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 415508712 Name Glycerol monostearate ImageFile GlycMonoStear PlainSVG.svg ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2,3 dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate OtherNames Glyceryl monostearate br Glycerin monostearate br Monostearin br GMS Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 23095 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG D01947 InChI 1 C21H42O4 c1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21 24 25 19 20 23 18 22 h20,22 23H,2 19H2,1H3 InChIKey VBICKXHEKHSIBG UHFFFAOYAT ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 255696 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C21H42O4 c1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 21 24 25 19 20 23 18 22 h20,22 23H,2 19H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey VBICKXHEKHSIBG UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 123 94 4 CASOther pure grade ref name BookPreserv cite book last Ash first Michael coauthors Ash, Irene title Handbook of Preservatives url http books.google.com books?id XZ2QB7bu5LwC&pg PA404 accessdate 2008 11 06 year 2004 publisher Synapse Information Resources isbn 1890595667 page 404 ref br 11099 07 3 crude grade ref name BookPreserv Clarify date March 2010 br 31566 31 1 generic ref name BookPreserv Clarify date March 2010 br 85666 92 8 generic ref name BookPreserv Clarify date March 2010 br 85251 77 0 glycerides, C sub 16 18 sub mono and di Clarify date March 2010 PubChem SMILES O C OCC O CO CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC Section2 Chembox Properties Formula ... MainHazards FlashPt convert 230 C F abbr on open cup Autoignition Refimprove date March 2010 Glycerol ... flaky powder that is hygroscopic . It is a glycerol ester of stearic acid . It occurs naturally in the body ... and hair care products. ref http www.intox.org databank documents chemical glycmono cie536.htm Glycerol ... brewer may also use glycerol monostearate to create a foam or Beer head head on the finished beer ... reflist Use dmy dates date January 2011 DEFAULTSORT Glycerol Monostearate Category Food additives Category ... more details
enzyme Name diphosphate glycerol phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.79 CAS number 37278 13 0 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 79 GO code 0047331 image width caption In enzymology , a diphosphate glycerol phosphotransferase EC number 2.7.1.79 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction diphosphate glycerol math rightleftharpoons math phosphate glycerol 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are diphosphate and glycerol , whereas its two product chemistry products are phosphate and glycerol 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is diphosphate glycerol 1 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include PPi glycerol phosphotransferase , and pyrophosphate glycerol phosphotransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Stetten MR date 1970 title Enzymatic synthesis of glycerol I phosphate. Elevation in diabetic and fasted animals, compared with glucose 6 phosphatase and related enzyme activities journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 208 pages 394&ndash 403 pmid 4319153 issue 3 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name CDP glycerol diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.16 CAS number 37289 28 4 IUBMB EC number 3 6 1 16 GO code 0047734 image width caption In enzymology , a CDP glycerol diphosphatase EC number 3.6.1.16 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP glycerol H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math CMP sn glycerol 3 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are CDP glycerol and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are cytidine monophosphate CMP and sn glycerol 3 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP glycerol phosphoglycerohydrolase . Other names in common use include CDP glycerol pyrophosphatase , and cytidine diphosphoglycerol pyrophosphatase . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author GLASER L date 1965 title THE SYNTHESIS OF TEICHOIC ACID. IV. ON THE REGULATION OF CYTIDINE 5 DIPHOSPHATEGLYCEROL CONCENTRATION journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 101 pages 6&ndash 15 pmid 14329291 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.6.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydrogenase acceptor EC number 1.1.99.22 CAS number 249285 11 8 IUBMB EC number 1 1 99 22 GO code 0047955 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydrogenase acceptor EC number 1.1.99.22 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol acceptor math rightleftharpoons math glycerone reduced acceptor Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and Electron acceptor acceptor , whereas its two product chemistry products are glycerone and reduced acceptor . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol acceptor 1 oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called glycerol acceptor 1 oxidoreductase . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , PQQ . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ameyama M, Shinagawa E, Matsushita K and Adachi O date 1985 title Solubilization, purification and properties of membrane bound glycerol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter industrius journal Agric. Biol. Chem. volume 49 pages 1001&ndash 1010 1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.99 Category Pyrroloquinoline quinone enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Glicerolo deidrogenasi accettore ja ... more details
enzyme Name CDP glycerol glycerophosphotransferase EC number 2.7.8.12 CAS number 9076 71 5 IUBMB EC number 2 7 8 12 GO code 0047355 image width caption In enzymology , a CDP glycerol glycerophosphotransferase EC number 2.7.8.12 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP glycerol glycerophosphate sub n sub math rightleftharpoons math CMP glycerophosphate sub n 1 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are CDP glycerol and glycerophosphate n , whereas its two product chemistry products are cytidine monophosphate CMP and glycerophosphate n 1 . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring non standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP glycerol poly glycerophosphate glycerophosphotransferase . Other names in common use include teichoic acid synthase , cytidine diphosphoglycerol glycerophosphotransferase , poly glycerol phosphate polymerase , teichoic acid glycerol transferase , glycerophosphate synthetase , and CGPTase . References reflist 1 cite journal author BURGER MM, GLASER L date 1964 title THE SYNTHESIS OF TEICHOIC ACIDS. I. POLYGLYCEROPHOSPHATE journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 239 pages 3168&ndash 77 pmid 14245357 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.8 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.72 CAS number 37250 11 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 72 GO code 0047956 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.72 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D glyceraldehyde NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are D glyceraldehyde , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol NADP oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called glycerol dehydrogenase NADP . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kormann AW, Hurst RO, Flynn TG year 1972 title Purification and properties of an NADP dependent glycerol dehydrogenase from rabbit skeletal muscle journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 258 pages 40&ndash 55 pmid 4400494 issue 1 cite journal author Toews CJ year 1967 title The kinetics and reaction mechanism of the nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide phosphate specific glycerol dehydrogenase of rat skeletal muscle journal Biochem. J. volume 105 pages 1067&ndash 1073 pmid 16742532 Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure 1.1.1 enzyme stub it Glicerolo deidrogenasi NADP ja NADP ... more details
Userspace draft source ArticleWizard date March 2011 Causes Glycerol Kinase Deficiency GKD has two main causes associated with it. The first cause is isolated enzyme deficiency. The enzyme glycerol kinase ... glycerol kinase deficiency in the mouse leads to growth retardation, altered fat metabolism, autonomous ... as a catalyst in the phosphorylation of glycerol to glycerol 3 phosphate which plays a key role ... GKD and it can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. ref Lola, Rahib, et al. Glycerol kinase ... and occasionally in females. ref Francke, Uta, et al. Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia, Myopathy, and Glycerol ... have an X and a Y chromosome while females have two X chromosomes. GKD results when the glycerol ... ref Glycerol Kinase Deficiency s effect on Glycolysis In order to understand how this condition affects ... is the fatty molecule glycerol . This is unfortunately prevented if someone is experiencing Glycerol Kinase Deficiency. When a human s body needs to use stored fat for energy it will release glycerol and other fatty acids into the bloodstream . However these glycerol molecules must somehow contribute ... energy within themselves. So before glycerol can enter the pathway of glycolysis it must be converted ... glycerol kinase comes into the picture. The enzyme is used in the first step in turning glycerol into dihydroxyacetone phosphate DHAP . It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from an ATP to a glycerol molecule forming glycerol 3 phosphate. Then glycerol 3 phosphate, with the assistance of glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, can be dehydrogenated into DHAP. This molecule can then enter ... for each glycerol molecule that eventually made its way into a DHAP molecule, which demonstrates the benefit of releasing glycerol into the bloodstream. However, when you have a deficiency of glycerol kinase many of the glycerol molecules released into the bloodstream end up not being converted to dihydroxyacetone ... waiting to occur. These extra molecules of glycerol are left floating around in the cell ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 2 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.156 CAS number 39342 20 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 156 GO code 0047953 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 2 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.156 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math glycerone NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are glycerone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol NADP 2 oxidoreductase glycerone forming . Other names in common use include dihydroxyacetone reductase , dihydroxyacetone reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , phosphate reductase , dihydroxyacetone reductase NADPH , DHA oxidoreductase , and glycerol 2 dehydrogenase NADP . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ben Amotz A, Avron M date 1973 title NADP specific dihydroxyacetone reductase from Dunaliella parva journal FEBS. Lett. volume 29 pages 153&ndash 5 pmid 4146296 doi 10.1016 0014 5793 73 80548 4 issue 2 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Glicerolo 2 deidrogenasi NADP ja 2 NADP ... more details
Glycerol ester of wood rosin , glyceryl abietate , or Ester gum is a food additive used as an emulsifier and Stabilizer chemistry stabiliser , to keep oils in suspension chemistry suspension in water. ref http www.inchem.org documents jecfa jecmono v35je05.htm WHO Food Additives Series 35 836. Glycerol ester of wood rosin ref It has E number E445. It is water soluble and leaves the body through urine . Products with glycerol ester of wood rosin uncited section date October 2010 Soft drink soft drinks lemonades Country Time, Minute Maid, for example Mana Energy Potions Blood Energy Potion Full Throttle citrus and guava rockstar energy drinks SoBe Nirvana Pineapple Fanta Hawaiian Punch Brand juices Squirt and Ruby Red Squirt Fresca Peach Citrus sparkling flavored soda Raspberry flavoUred Lucozade eyeliner pencils Citation needed reason could not verify on any manufacturer s site date September 2009 Henry Weinhard s Orange Cream Soda Pepsi Cream Soda Multi V lemonade flavored Glaceau Vitamin Water Revive fruit punch flavored Glaceau Vitamin Water Squeezed lemonade flavored Glaceau Vitamin Water Zero Fierce Grape Gatorade Gatorade Tiger ref http www.scribd.com doc 236752 Pepsi Nutrition Facts GatoradeSportsDrinks ref regular Gatorade ref http www.scribd.com doc 236752 Pepsi Nutrition Facts GatoradeSportsDrinks ref Morrisons Isotonic Sports Drink Citrus Quiet Storm and Amp Energy Lightning. Fanta Orange Mountain Dew White Out Mountain Dew Typhoon Powerade Blue Aquarius Blue berry Summit Orange Plunge References reflist See also Brominated vegetable oil ingredient stub Category Resins Category Food additives hu Fagyant k glicerin szterei no Glyserolestere av trekolofonium sv Glycerolestrar av tr hartser ... more details
Image Glycerin 3 phosphat Shuttle.svg 380px thumb Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle The glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle is a mechanism that regenerates NAD from NADH , a by product of glycolysis . Its importance in transporting reducing equivalents is secondary to the malate aspartate shuttle . Reaction In this shuttle, the enzyme called cytoplasmic glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase GPD converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate 2 to glycerol 3 phosphate 1 by oxidizing one molecule of NADH to NAD sup sup as in the following reaction ref name Biochemistry center Image Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3 phosphate en.svg 400px center Reverse path Glycerol 3 phosphate gets converted back to dihydroxyacetone phosphate by a membrane bound mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, this time reducing one molecule of enzyme bound flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD to FADH sub 2 sub . FADH sub 2 sub then reduces coenzyme Q ubiquinone to ubiquinol which enters into oxidative phosphorylation . ref name Biochemistry This reaction is irreversible. ref name inPlant cite journal author Shen W, Wei Y, Dauk M, et al. title Involvement of a glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase in modulating the NADH NAD ratio provides evidence of a mitochondrial glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle in Arabidopsis journal Plant Cell volume 18 issue 2 pages 422 41 year 2006 month February pmid 16415206 pmc 1356549 doi 10.1105 tpc.105.039750 ref Function The glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle allows the NADH synthesized in the cytosol by glycolysis to contribute to the oxidative phosphorylation pathway in the mitochondria to generate ATP. ref name Biochemistry cite book author Stryer, Lubert Berg, Jeremy Mark Tymoczko, John L. title Biochemistry publisher W. H. Freeman location San Francisco year 2007 pages isbn 0 7167 8724 5 oclc doi url http bcs.whfreeman.com biochem6 default.asp?s &n &i &v &o &ns 0&uid 0&rau 0 ref It has been found in animals, fungi, and plants. ref name inPlant See also Malate aspartate shuttle Mitochondrial ... more details
LogGlycerolVaporPressure.png log sub 10 sub of Glycerol vapor pressure. Uses ... chembox header glycerol br by volume 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 chembox header Freezing point ... align center colspan 3 Vapor liquid Equilibrium of Glycerol water ref name cheric Cite web url http ... Chemical infobox Disclaimer applies. Use dmy dates date September 2010 DEFAULTSORT Glycerol ... more details
enzyme Name poly glycerol phosphate alpha glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.52 CAS number 37277 60 4 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 52 GO code 0047265 image width caption In enzymology , a poly glycerol phosphate alpha glucosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.52 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP glucose poly glycerol phosphate math rightleftharpoons math UDP O alpha D glucosyl poly glycerol phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP glucose and poly glycerol phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and O alpha D glucosyl poly glycerol phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP glucose poly glycerol phosphate alpha D glucosyltransferase . Other names in common use include UDP glucose poly glycerol phosphate alpha glucosyltransferase , uridine diphosphoglucose poly glycerol phosphate , and alpha glucosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author GLASER L, BURGER MM date 1964 title THE SYNTHESIS OF TEICHOIC ACIDS. 3. GLUCOSYLATION OF POLYGLYCEROPHOSPHATE journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 239 pages 3187&ndash 91 pmid 14245359 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Poli glicerolo fosfato alfa glucosiltransferasi ... more details
Chemical structure of 2 Arachidonyl glycerol Selfmade by User cacycle cacycle GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense Category Chemical structures ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 1 phosphatase EC number 3.1.3.21 CAS number 37228 75 4 IUBMB EC number 3 1 3 21 GO code 0000121 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 1 phosphatase EC number 3.1.3.21 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol 1 phosphate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math glycerol phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol 1 phosphate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are glycerol and phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester monoester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycerol 1 phosphate phosphohydrolase . Other names in common use include alpha glycerophosphatase , alpha glycerol phosphatase , glycerol 3 phosphatase , glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatase , and glycerol 3 phosphate phosphohydrolase . This enzyme participates in glycerolipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Sussman I and Avron M date 1981 title Characterization and partial purification of DL glycerol 1 phosphatase from Dunaliella salina journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta volume 661 pages 199&ndash 204 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.42 CAS number 69458 89 5 IUBMB EC number 3 1 4 42 GO code 0047393 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase EC number 3.1.4.42 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math glycerol 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its product chemistry product is glycerol 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those acting on phosphoric ester diester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is rac glycerol 1,2 cyclic phosphate 2 glycerophosphohydrolase . This enzyme is also called rac glycerol 1 2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Clarke N, Dawson RM date 1978 title rac Glycerol 1 2 cyclic phosphate 2 phosphodiesterase, a new soluble phosphodiesterase of mammalian tissues journal Biochem. J. volume 173 pages 579&ndash 89 pmid 212014 issue 2 pmc 1185812 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.1.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name 1 alkyl 2 acetylglycerol O acyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.125 CAS number 114704 90 4 IUBMB EC number 2 3 1 125 GO code 0047167 image width caption In enzymology , a 1 alkyl 2 acetylglycerol O acyltransferase EC number 2.3.1.125 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction acyl CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol math rightleftharpoons math CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl 3 acyl sn glycerol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are acyl CoA and 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol , whereas its two product chemistry products are coenzyme A CoA and 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl 3 acyl sn glycerol . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those acyltransferase s transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is acyl CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol O acyltransferase . This enzyme is also called 1 hexadecyl 2 acetylglycerol acyltransferase . This enzyme participates in ether lipid metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kawasaki T, Snyder F date 1988 title Synthesis of a novel acetylated neutral lipid related to platelet activating factor by acyl CoA 1 O alkyl 2 acetyl sn glycerol acyltransferase in HL 60 cells journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 263 pages 2593&ndash 6 pmid 3422635 issue 6 transferase stub Category EC 2.3.1 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it 1 alchil 2 acetilglicerolo O aciltransferasi ... more details
Summary Subject log plot of glycerol vapor pressure as a function of temperature. Prepared with plotting script and Gimp 2.2 Status Released to public domain. Licensing PD self date May 2007 ... more details
enzyme Name CDP diacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase EC number 2.7.8.5 CAS number 9068 49 9 IUBMB EC number 2 7 8 5 GO code 0008444 image width caption In enzymology , a CDP diacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase EC number 2.7.8.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP diacylglycerol sn glycerol 3 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math CMP 3 3 sn phosphatidyl sn glycerol 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are CDP diacylglycerol and sn glycerol 3 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are cytidine monophosphate CMP and 3 3 sn phosphatidyl sn glycerol 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring non standard substituted phosphate groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is CDP diacylglycerol sn glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase . Other names in common use include glycerophosphate phosphatidyltransferase , 3 phosphatidyl 1 glycerol 3 phosphate synthase , CDPdiacylglycerol glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , cytidine 5 diphospho 1,2 diacyl sn glycerol , CDPdiglyceride sn glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase , phosphatidylglycerolphosphate synthase , PGP synthase , CDPdiacylglycerol sn glycerol 3 phosphate 3 phosphatidyltransferase , CDPdiacylglycerol sn glycero 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , glycerol phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase , phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthase , phosphatidylglycerol phosphate synthetase , phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase , and sn glycerol 3 phosphate phosphatidyltransferase . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism ... incorporation of 14C Glycerol 3 phosphate into phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate ... chromatography on cytidine 5 diphospho 1,2 diacyl sn glycerol sepharose journal Biochemistry. volume ... more details
enzyme Name glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.39 CAS number 9027 11 6 IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 39 GO code 0047348 image width caption In enzymology , a glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.39 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction CTP sn glycerol 3 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate CDP glycerol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are cytidine triphosphate CTP and sn glycerol 3 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and CDP glycerol . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing nucleotide groups nucleotidyltransferase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is CTP sn glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase . Other names in common use include CDP glycerol pyrophosphorylase , cytidine diphosphoglycerol pyrophosphorylase , cytidine diphosphate glycerol pyrophosphorylase , CTP glycerol 3 phosphate cytidylyltransferase , and Gro PCT . This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 3 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1COZ , PDB link 1N1D , and PDB link 2B7L . References reflist 1 cite journal author Shaw DRD year 1962 title Pyrophosphorolysis and enzymic synthesis of cytidine diphosphate glycerol and cytidine diphosphate ribitol journal Biochem. J. volume 82 pages 297&ndash 312 pmid 13911452 pmc 1243453 Category EC 2.7.7 Category Enzymes of known structure enzyme stub ... more details
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