- Gluon
Infobox Particle bgcolour name Gluon image caption num types 8 composition Elementary particle statistics ... cite journal author F. Yndurain year 1995 title Limits on the mass of the gluon journal Physics Letters ... than QED. Properties The gluon is a vector boson like the photon , it has a spin physics spin ... gauge bosons like the gluon have only two polarization states because gauge invariance requires ... bosons have zero mass experiment limits the gluon s mass to less than a few MeV c sup 2 sup . The gluon ... of QED or the three W and Z bosons of the weak interaction , there are eight independent types of gluon ... several different outcomes. A relevant illustration in the case at hand would be a gluon with a color ... a direct measurement of the color of a gluon in this state, there would be a 50 chance of it having ... interaction with other color singlets, but not with other color states because long range gluon interactions .... Eight gluon colors There are eight remaining independent color states, which correspond to the eight ... interactions. These gluon gluon interactions constrain color fields to string like objects called ... gluon plasma forms. In such a plasma there are no hadrons quarks and gluons become free particles ... suggestive of a three gluon decay. ref name 25y cite web author I. Flegel, P. S ding year 2004 ... and PETRA and the discoveryof the gluon url http www.roma3.infn.it stella PLUTO.gluon accessdate ... there have been hints of exotic hadrons, no glueball has been observed either. Quark gluon plasma ... 2010 title On the discovery of the gluon journal European Physical Journal H volume 35 issue 1 pages ... presse glossary.html G DESY glossary http www.symmetrymag.org cms ?pid 1000160 Logbook of gluon discovery ... af Gluon ar bs Gluon bg ca Glu cs Gluon de Gluon et Gluuon el es Gluon eo Gluono eu Gluoi fa fr Gluon ga Gl n gl Glu n ko hr Gluon id Gluon it Gluone he la Gluon lv Gluons lt Gliuonas lmo Gluun hu Gluon ml ms Gluon nl Gluon ja no Gluon nds Gluon ... more details
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- Gluon condensate
In Quantum chromodynamics QCD , the gluon condensate is a non perturbative property of the QCD vacuum which could be partly responsible for giving masses to certain hadrons. If the gluon field tensor is represented as G sub sub , then the gluon condensate is the vacuum expectation value math langle G mu nu G mu nu rangle math . It is not clear yet whether this condensate is related to any of the known phase changes in quark matter . There have been scattered studies of other types of gluon condensates, involving a different number of gluon fields. For more on the context in which this quantity occurs, see the article on the QCD vacuum . See also Quantum chromodynamics QCD vacuum and chiral condensate s Vacuum Quantum mechanical definition Vacuum in quantum field theory Quark gluon plasma QCD matter References Savvidy, G. K., Infrared instability of the vacuum state of gauge theories and asymptotic freedom http dx.doi.org 10.1016 0370 2693 2877 2990759 6 Category Quantum chromodynamics Category Quark matter physics stub ... more details
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- Quark?gluon plasma
laboratory . A quark gluon plasma QGP or quark soup ref cite journal bibcode 1977NuPhB.128..275B author1 ... consists of almost free quark s and gluon s, which are several of the basic building blocks of matter ... 2010, scientists at Brookhaven RHIC have tentatively claimed to have created a quark gluon plasma ... to have created multiple quark gluon plasmas with temperatures in the tens of trillions of degrees. General introduction Quark gluon plasma is a state of matter in which the elementary particles ... s and gluon s that compose baryonic matter. ref http theory.tifr.res.in sgupta ilgti infocenter The Indian ... as producing a quark gluon plasma have been realized in the laboratory, the resulting matter ... dense fluid. ref name Zajc Cite journal title The fluid nature of quark gluon plasma author WA Zajc ... arxiv 0802.3552 postscript . ref Actually, the fact that the quark gluon plasma will not yet be free ... effects of confinement. ref Cite journal title How free is the quark gluon plasma first M. last ... R. M. last3 Weiner title Effect of confinement on the sound velocity in a quark gluon plasma journal .... In a QGP, the color charge of the quark s and gluon s is screened. The QGP has other analogies with a normal ... a quark gluon liquid of very low viscosity . However, contrary to what was at that time still ... the entropy density of quark gluon plasma approaches the weakly interacting limit. However, since ... of the high temperature quark gluon plasma class hep ph year 2003 ref ref cite journal author1 ... Review Letters volume 104 title Gluon Thermodynamics at Intermediate Coupling issue 12 year ... on the quark gluon liquid, with links to preprints http site.ebrary.com pub cambridgepress Doc?isbn 0521385369 Read for free Hadrons and Quark Gluon Plasma by Jean Letessier and Johann Rafelski Cambridge ... first Ghulam authorlink Ghulam Murtaza coauthors title Quark Gluon Plasma and Some Collective Modes ... bn cs Kvark gluonov plazma de Quark Gluon Plasma es Plasma de quarks gluones ... more details
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- File:Feynmann-diagram-gluon-radiation.svg
Summary A Feynmann diagram showing the radiation of a gluon when an electron and positron are annihalated. Non derived SVG of Image Radiate gluon.png Licensing self2 GFDL with disclaimers cc by 2.5 migration relicense ... more details
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- File:Three jet gluon jets.png
Diagram of a three jet event , with jets illustrated as cones and extra hadrons illustrated by arrows. Created by User SCZenz SCZenz . GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense artifacts History of Image Three jet gluon jets.jpg 2007 05 07T21 18 02Z User Cydebot Cydebot User talk Cydebot Talk Special Contributions Cydebot contribs 179 bytes nowiki Robot Fixing GFDL tags project wide per Wikipedia GFDL standardization . nowiki 2007 04 10T21 44 00Z User Keenan Pepper Keenan Pepper User talk Keenan Pepper Talk Special Contributions Keenan Pepper contribs nowiki BadJPEG nowiki 2005 08 30T04 07 52Z User SCZenz SCZenz User talk SCZenz Talk Special Contributions SCZenz contribs nowiki Diagram of a three jet event , with jets illustrated as cones and extra hadrons illustrated by arrows. Created by User SCZenz SCZenz . GFDL nowiki ... more details
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- File:Three jet gluon string.png
Diagram of a three jet event , with bars indicating the formation of color field in the Lund string model . Created by User SCZenz SCZenz . GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense artifacts History of Image Three jet gluon string.jpg 2007 05 07T21 18 03Z User Cydebot Cydebot User talk Cydebot Talk Special Contributions Cydebot contribs 187 bytes nowiki Robot Fixing GFDL tags project wide per Wikipedia GFDL standardization . nowiki 2007 04 10T21 43 43Z User Keenan Pepper Keenan Pepper User talk Keenan Pepper Talk Special Contributions Keenan Pepper contribs nowiki BadJPEG nowiki 2005 08 30T04 06 26Z User SCZenz SCZenz User talk SCZenz Talk Special Contributions SCZenz contribs 2005 08 30T04 06 19Z User SCZenz SCZenz User talk SCZenz Talk Special Contributions SCZenz contribs 2005 08 30T04 05 37Z User SCZenz SCZenz User talk SCZenz Talk Special Contributions SCZenz contribs 2005 08 30T04 05 00Z User SCZenz SCZenz User talk SCZenz Talk Special Contributions SCZenz contribs nowiki Diagram of a three jet event , with bars indicating the formation of color field in the Lund string model . nowiki ... more details
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- File:Gluon-top-higgs.png
One possible way the Higgs boson might be produced at the Large Hadron Collider . Similar images at http atlas.web.cern.ch Atlas GROUPS PHYSICS Conferences 2003 aspen 03 dam.ppt Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
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- File:3gluon.png
Three gluon vertex asnd color line representation PD ineligible ... more details
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- File:Eta-decay.png
Summary Feynman diagram of the decay of an eta particle by gluon emission. Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
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- File:Screenshot3s.png
Summary I made Gluon and I took this screenshot Licensing PD self date November 2007 ... more details
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- File:Screenshot4s.png
Summary I made Gluon and I took this screenshot Licensing PD self date November 2007 ... more details
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- File:Physicslogo.gif
Summary Information Description Feynman diagram showing the radiation of a gluon when an electron and positron are annihalated Source Image Feynmann Diagram Gluon Radiation.svg Date July 11, 2008 Author Joel Holdsworth Permission GNU Free Documentation license other versions Licensing GFDL migration relicense ... more details
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- Radiative process
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Image Feynmann Diagram Gluon Radiation.svg 300px thumb right In this Feynman diagram , electron s annihilate and become a quark antiquark pair. Then one radiates a gluon . Time goes left to right. In particle physics , a radiative process refers to one elementary particle emitting another and continuing to exist. This typically happens when a fermion emits a boson such as a gluon or photon . See also bremsstrahlung DEFAULTSORT Radiative Process Category Radiation Category Particle physics Particle stub ... more details
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- File:The New Atom.png
Summary Helium atom showing quarks and gluon field of nucleons. Self created on July 15,2006. Released July 17,2006. Licensing PD self date July 2006 vector version available The New Atom.svg ... more details
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- TASSO
The TASSO collaboration refers to the group of people working on the TASSO detector, at PETRA , at DESY . They are famous for having discovered the gluon , the mediator of the strong interaction and carrier of the color charge . ref name 25YoG cite web title Twenty Five Years of Gluons url http cerncourier.com cws article cern 29201 publisher Cern Courrier year 2004 author Flegel, I S ding, P location DESY ref Four of them, Paul S ding , Bj rn Wiik Bj rn Wiik , G nter Wolf , and Sau Lan Wu , were award the Prize for High Energy and Particle Physics from CERN in 1995. A special prize was also awarded to the TASSO collaboration, as well as the PETRA , JADE , MARK J , and PLUTO experiment PLUTO collaborations, in recognition of their combined work on the gluon as the definite existence of the gluon emerged gradually from the results of the TASSO collaboration and the other experiments working at PETRA, JADE, MARK J and PLUTO . ref name 25YoG See also Gluon Particle physics References reflist Further reading cite journal author P. S ding year 2010 title On the discovery of the gluon journal European Physical Journal H volume 35 issue 1 pages 3 28 doi 10.1140 epjh e2010 00002 5 DEFAULTSORT Tasso Category Particle experiments Category Gluons ... more details
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- File:Radiate gluon.png
Summary A Feynman diagram an electron positron annihilation producing two quark s, one of which radiates a gluon . Created by User SCZenz SCZenz . Cleaned up, converted to PNG, and optimised with OptiPNG by User Drat Drat . Licensing GFDL migration relicense ... more details
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- Deconfinement
In physics , deconfinement in contrast to confinement is the property of a Phase of matter phase in which certain particles are allowed to exist as free Excited state excitations , rather than only within bound state s. Various examples exist in particle physics and Condensed matter physics condensed matter , where certain Gauge theory gauge theories exhibit Phase transition transitions between confining and deconfining phases. A prominent example, and the first case considered as such in theoretical physics , occurs at high energy in quantum chromodynamics when quark s and gluon s are free to move over distances larger than a femtometer the size of a hadron . This phase is also called the quark gluon plasma . Spin charge separation is an example of deconfinement in condensed matter physics the electron can be viewed as a bound state of a spinon and chargon , which under certain conditions can become free to move separately. See also Quantum chromodynamics Colour confinement Quark gluon plasma Quark nova Category Quark matter Physics stub ... more details
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- Colored-particle-in-cell
Orphan date February 2009 A Particle in cell particle in cell simulation for Non abelian gauge theory non Abelian colored particles and fields. Can be used to simulate an equilibrium or non equilibrium Quark gluon plasma quark gluon plasma . References G. Moore, C. Hu, and B. Muller, Chern Simons number diffusion with hard thermal loops , Phys. Rev. D58, 045001 1998 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 9710436 A. Dumitru, Y. Nara, and M. Strickland, Ultraviolet avalanche in anisotropic non Abelian plasmas , Phys. Rev. D75, 025016 2007 http arxiv.org abs hep ph 0604149 Y. Nara, 3D Wong Yang Mills simulations of instabilities , http www.int.washington.edu talks WorkShops int 06 3 People Nara Y Nara.pdf Category Quantum chromodynamics Category Plasma physics Category Particle physics physics stub ... more details
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- File:Three jet photon jets.png
Diagram of two jets and a photon, for comparison with Image Three jet gluon jets.jpg . Created by User SCZenz SCZenz . GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense artifacts History of Image Three jet photon jets.jpg 2007 05 07T21 18 04Z User Cydebot Cydebot User talk Cydebot Talk Special Contributions Cydebot contribs 164 bytes nowiki Robot Fixing GFDL tags project wide per Wikipedia GFDL standardization . nowiki 2007 04 10T21 44 24Z User Keenan Pepper Keenan Pepper User talk Keenan Pepper Talk Special Contributions Keenan Pepper contribs nowiki BadJPEG nowiki 2005 08 30T04 10 42Z User SCZenz SCZenz User talk SCZenz Talk Special Contributions SCZenz contribs nowiki Diagram of two jets and a photon, for comparison with Image Three jet gluon jets.jpg . Created by User SCZenz SCZenz . GFDL nowiki ... more details
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- Book:Matter
saved book title Matter subtitle cover image Phase change en.svg cover color Matter Main article Matter Phases of ordinary matter Phase matter Phase Phase diagram State of matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma physics Plasma Astrophysical plasma Bose Einstein condensate Fermionic condensate Superconductivity BCS theory Neutron star Pulsar Magnetar Quark gluon plasma QCD matter Gluon Hadron Structure of ordinary matter Quark Baryon Degenerate matter Lepton Other types of matter Antimatter Dark matter Lambda CDM model Weakly interacting massive particles WIMPs Galaxy formation and evolution Dark matter halo Dark energy Exotic matter Category Wikipedia books on matter Matter ... more details
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- Strangeness production
Strangeness production is a signature and a diagnostic tool of quark gluon plasma or QGP formation and properties ... mechanism of production involves gluon s only present when matter has changed into the QGP phase ... in quark antiquark pairs meson s . Quark gluon plasma in the early universe and in the laboratory ..., J. Rafelski year 2002 title Hadrons and Quark Gluon Plasma pages publisher Cambridge University Press isbn 0 521 38536 9 ref in a very hot gas of free quarks, antiquarks and gluon s. This gas is called a quark gluon plasma QGP , since the quark interaction charge color charge is mobile and quarks ... gluon plasma in laboratory. In a small space domain we thus create for a very short time conditions ... is being assembled. The process of the formation of quark gluon plasma lasts little longer than the time ... s collision illustrated above makes the study of free quarks in quark gluon plasma an experimental challenge. Strangeness in quark gluon plasma The diagnosis and the study of the properties of quark gluon plasma can be undertaken using quarks not present in matter seen around us. The experimental ... of quark gluon plasma proposed in 1980 by Johann Rafelski Rafelski and Rolf Hagedorn Hagedorn . ref ... flavor, strange quarks, will reach its high quark gluon plasma thermal abundance only on the most .... What is at the end? The peak in strange quark production? date August 2009 Gluon fusion into strangeness ... possible due to a new process, the gluon fusion, as shown by Rafelski and Berndt M ller M ller ... Gluon Plasma journal Physical Review Letters volume 48 pages 1066 doi 10.1103 PhysRevLett.48.1066 ref The top section of the figure shows gluon fusion in form of the intuitively understood ... of quarks shown as dashed lines. The gluon fusion process occurs almost ten times faster than the quark ... year 1984 title Strangeness production in the quark gluon plasma journal Nuclear Physics A volume 418 pages 215 doi 10.1016 0375 9474 84 90551 7 ref The gluon collisions here are occurring within ... more details
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- Ellis?Karliner angle
merge to Three jet event discuss Talk Three jet event Ellis Karliner angle date March 2011 Confusing date December 2006 In physics , the Ellis Karliner angle is kinematical angle between the highest energy Jet particle physics jets in a three jet event . ref cite journal author J. Ellis, I. Karliner year 1979 title Measuring the spin of the gluon in e sup sup e sup sup annihilation journal Nuclear Physics B volume 148 pages 141 doi 10.1016 0550 3213 79 90019 1 ref The angle is not measured in the lab frame , but in a frame Lorentz transform boosted along the energy of the highest energy jet so that the second and third jets are back to back. By measuring the distribution of the Ellis Karliner angle at the PETRA II electron positron storage ring at DESY , physicists determined that the gluon has spin one rather than spin zero or spin two. ref cite journal author R. Brandelik et al. TASSO TASSO Collaboration year 1980 title Evidence for a spin 1 gluon in three jet events journal Physics Letters B volume 97 pages 453 doi 10.1016 0370 2693 80 90639 5 ref ref cite journal author C. Berger et al. PLUTO experiment PLUTO Collaboration year 1980 title A study of multi jet events in e sup sup e sup sup annihilation journal Physics Letters B volume 97 pages 459 doi 10.1016 0370 2693 80 90640 1 ref Subsequent experiments ref cite journal author G. Alexander et al. OPAL OPAL Collaboration year 1991 title Measurement of Three Jet Distributions Sensitive to the Gluon Spin in e sup sup e sup sup Annihilations at s 91 GeV journal Zeitschrift f r Physik C volume 52 pages 543 doi 10.1007 BF01562326 ref at the LEP storage ring at CERN confirmed this result. References reflist Category Standard Model particle stub ... more details
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- File:Strange production 3.svg
Summary Information Description Illustration of the production of a quark gluon plasma through the smashing of highly energetic nuclei Source Created myself based on public domain File Strange production 3.gif by User Johann137 Johann137 and public domain File Beta minus Decay.svg by User Inductiveload Inductiveload Date 18 August 2009 Author User Certes Certes Permission Public domain other versions Licensing PD self date August 2009 ... more details
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- PETRA
About Physics Petra disambiguation PETRA or the Positron Electron Tandem Ring Accelerator is one of the particle accelerator s at DESY in Hamburg , Germany . From 1978 to 1986 it was used to study electron positron collisions. It was here that the TASSO collaboration found the first direct evidence for gluon s in three jet events . ref name 25YoG cite journal author I. Flegel, P. S ding year 2004 title Twenty Five Years of Gluons url http cerncourier.com cws article cern 29201 journal Cern Courrier volume 44 issue 9 pages doi ref The modification called PETRA II is a source of high energy synchrotron radiation and also a pre accelerator for the HERA . Started in 2007, an upgrade has been converting it to PETRA III, which is a high intensity source for synchrotron radiation . References Reflist Further reading cite journal author P. S ding year 2010 title On the discovery of the gluon journal European Physical Journal H volume 35 issue 1 pages 3 28 doi 10.1140 epjh e2010 00002 5 External links http petra3.desy.de The New Synchrotron Radiation Source at DESY PETRA III at the DESY website coord missing Germany DEFAULTSORT Petra Category Particle physics facilities Category Gluons Category Buildings and structures in Hamburg Category Synchrotron radiation facilities Physics stub Hamburg stub pt PETRA ... more details
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- GlueX
GlueX will be a particle physics experiment located at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility JLab particle accelerator accelerator . Its primary purpose is to understand the nature of color confinement confinement in quantum chromodynamics by mapping the spectrum of exotic meson s generated by the excitation of the gluon ic field binding the quark s. If successful, GlueX would be the first experiment to discover such exotic mesons, which have never before been observed. The experiment will be able to probe new areas by using photoproduction that is, the scattering of a real photon on a nucleon to produce exotic states. The GlueX detector is being installed in a new Hall D the fourth such hall at JLab being constructed during the accelerator s upgrade to 12 GeV energy. ref http www.jlab.org div dept physics division GeV index.html 12 GeV Upgrade Future Science at Jefferson Lab Project Information Bot generated title ref GlueX will probably begin taking data around 2014. See also Exotic meson Glueball Gluon References references External links http gluex.org GlueX.org official website DEFAULTSORT Gluex Category Particle physics Category Physics experiments Quantum stub ... more details
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