Image Cortisol2.svg thumb right 250px Chemical structure of cortisol , a glucocorticoid Image Dexamethasone structure.svg thumb right 250px Dexamethasone binds more powerfully to the glucocorticoid receptor ... methyl substituent . Glucocorticoids GC are a class of steroid hormone s that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor GR , which is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The name glucocorticoid ... in high doses to treat cancer. GCs cause their effects by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor GR ... for glucocorticoid . Cortisol or hydrocortisone is the most important human glucocorticoid. It is essential ... are available these are used either as replacement therapy in glucocorticoid deficiency ... of structures with increasing glucocorticoid effect, with the primary example being cortisol. Glucocorticoid effects may be broadly classified into two major categories immunology immunological ... with the glucocorticoid receptor up regulate the expression of anti inflammatory proteins down regulate ... glucocorticoid sensitivity in the T cell lineage on thymocyte and T cell homeostasis journal FASEB J ... ref Metabolic The name glucocorticoid derives from early observations that these hormone s were involved ... substrate for gluconeogenesis. Excessive glucocorticoid levels resulting from administration as a drug ... glucocorticoid levels are mildly elevated, whereas significant decreases of LTP are observed after adrenalectomy low GC state or after exogenous glucocorticoid administration high GC state . It has also ... Glucocorticoids bind to the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor GR . This type of receptor biochemistry ... Protein translocation translocates itself into the cell nucleus , where it binds to glucocorticoid ... R title Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action what is important? journal Thorax volume 55 ... H, Rehwinkel H, Asadullah K title Dissociated glucocorticoid receptor ligands compounds with an improved ... Separating transrepression and transactivation a distressing divorce for the glucocorticoid receptor ... more details
PBB geneid 2908 The glucocorticoid receptor GR , or GCR also known as NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily ... glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, progesterone, and androgen receptors journal Pharmacol Revl volume ... is bound to glucocorticoid, the receptor glucorticoid complex can take either of two paths. The activated ... MG, Evans RM title Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor ... url issn ref ref name pmid2744768 cite journal author Francke U, Foellmer BE title The glucocorticoid ... 10.1016 S0039 128X 99 00014 8 issn ref the glucocorticoid receptor is modular in structure ref name pmid15876404 cite journal author Kumar R, Thompson EB title Gene regulation by the glucocorticoid ... of hormone, the glucocorticoid receptor GR resides in the cytosol complexed with a variety ... M, Harrell M title Chaperoning of glucocorticoid receptors journal Handb Exp Pharmacol volume 172 issue 172 pages 111 38 year 2006 pmid 16610357 doi 10.1007 3 540 29717 0 5 ref The endogenous glucocorticoid hormone cortisol diffuses through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm and binds to the glucocorticoid ... . Clinical significance The GR is abnormal in familial glucocorticoid resistance . ref cite journal ... pmid 11932321 ref In Central Nervous System structures, the glucocorticoid receptor is gaining interest .... Interactions Glucocorticoid receptor has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact ..., Moll J, Heck S, Zeiner M, Gehring U, Cato AC title RAP46 is a negative regulator of glucocorticoid ... RAP46 interaction in downregulation of DNA binding by glucocorticoid receptor journal EMBO J. volume ... activation by glucocorticoid receptor journal Mol. Endocrinol. volume 12 issue 11 pages 1749 63 year ... of important hydrophobic amino acids in the interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor tau 1 ... 3 DAP3 interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor and affects the receptor function journal Biochem ... MZ, Ann DK, Shih HM title Promyelocytic leukemia protein PML functions as a glucocorticoid receptor ... more details
protein Name serum glucocorticoid regulated kinase caption image width HGNCid 10810 Symbol SGK AltSymbols EntrezGene 6446 OMIM 602958 RefSeq NM 005627 UniProt O00141 PDB ECnumber 2.7.1.37 Chromosome 6 Arm q Band 23 LocusSupplementaryData Serum and glucocorticoid induced kinase is a serine threonine specific protein kinase which interacts with the mineralocorticoid receptor . See also Aldosterone External links MeshName serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase biochemistry stub ... more details
Glucocorticoid responsive element s GREs act as hormonally regulated Enhancer genetics enhancer s. ref name Yamamoto cite journal author Yamamoto KR title Steroid receptor regulated transcription of specific genes and gene networks journal Ann Rev Genet. month year 1985 volume 19 issue pages 209 52 url doi ref GREs are located upstream from the transcription start site of the specific gene for enhanced repetitive transcription. Usually they are in pairs. Two GREs are located some 2.5 kb upstream of the Transcription start site transcription initiation site of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene. ref name Jantzen cite journal author Jantzen HM, Str hle U, Gloss B, Stewart F, Schmid W, Boshart M, Miksicek R, Sch tz G title Cooperativity of glucocorticoid response elements located far upstream of the tyrosine aminotransferase geme journal Cell. month Apr year 1987 volume 49 issue pages 29 38 url http epub.ub.uni muenchen.de 3202 1 004.pdf doi ref The proximal GRE has no inherent capacity by itself to stimulate transcription. ref name Jantzen When present in conjunction with the distal GRE, the proximal GRE synergistically enhances glucocorticoid induction of gene expression. ref name Jantzen ... 8572 6 url http www.pnas.org content 82 24 8572.full.pdf doi ref Glucocorticoid main GlucocorticoidGlucocorticoid s GCs are a class of steroid hormone s that bind to the glucocorticoid receptor GR , which is present in almost every vertebrate animal cell. The name glucocorticoid gluco se cort ex ..., androgen response element, or mineralocorticoid response element MinRE are identical to the glucocorticoid .... ref name Imai cite journal author Imai E, Miner JN, Mitchell JA, Yamamoto KR, Granner DK title Glucocorticoid ... their DNA binding domains, androgen receptors, glucocorticoid receptors, mineralocorticoid receptors ... of 5 AGAACANNNTGTTCT 3 . ref name Funder cite journal author Funder JW title Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid ... author Funder JW title Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors Biology and clinical relevance ... more details
Familial glucocorticoid deficiency FGD or GCCD is an adrenocortical failure characterized by low levels of plasma cortisol produced by the adrenal gland despite high levels of plasma ACTH . This is an inherited disorder with several different causes which define the type. FGD type 1 FGD1 or GCCD1 is caused by mutations in the ACTH receptor melanocortin 2 receptor MC2R . ref name pmid8094489 cite journal doi 10.1016 0140 6736 93 90208 X author Clark AJL, McLoughlin L, Grossman A title Familial glucocorticoid deficiency associated with point mutation in the adrenocorticotropin receptor journal Lancet volume 341 issue 8843 pages 461 462 year 1993 month October pmid 8094489 url ref ref name pmid8227361 cite journal author Tsigos C, Arai K, Hung W, Chrousos GP title Hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency is associated with abnormalities of the adrenocorticotropin receptor gene journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 92 issue 5 pages 2458 2461 year 1993 month November pmid 8227361 pmc 288430 doi 10.1172 JCI116853 ref FGD type 2 is caused by mutations in the melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein MC2R accessory protein MRAP . ref name pmid15654338 cite journal doi 10.1038 ng1501 author Metherell LA, Chapple JP, Cooray S, David A, Becker C, Ruschendorf F, Naville D, Begeot M, Khoo B, Nurnberg P, Huebner A, Cheetham ME, Clark AJL title Mutations in MRAP, encoding a new interacting partner of the ACTH receptor, cause familial glucocorticoid deficiency type 2 journal Nature Genet. volume 37 issue 2 pages 166 170 year 2005 month February pmid 15654338 ref These two types account for 45 of all cases of FGD. Some cases of FGD type 3 are caused by mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein StAR , with similarity to the nonclassic form of lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia . ref name pmid19773404 cite journal author Metherell LA, Naville D, Halaby G, Begeot M, Huebner ... glucocorticoid deficiency journal J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. volume 94 issue 10 pages 3865 3871 year ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICD9 255.11 ICDO OMIM 103900 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism GRA is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the increase in aldosterone secretion produced by ACTH is no longer transient. It is a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism . ref name pmid17277347 cite journal author Vonend O, Altenhenne C, B chner NJ, et al. title A German family with glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism journal Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. volume 22 issue 4 pages 1123 30 year 2007 month April pmid 17277347 doi 10.1093 ndt gfl706 url http ndt.oxfordjournals.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17277347 ref Normal Physiology File Steroidogenesis.svg thumb Right 360px Steroidogenesis , showing aldosterone synthase at right. main Aldosterone synthase Aldosterone synthase is a steroid hydroxylase cytochrome P450 oxidase enzyme involved in the generation of aldosterone . It is localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane. The enzyme has steroid 18 hydroxylase activity to synthesize aldosterone and other steroids. Aldosterone synthase is found within the zona glomerulosa at the outer edge of the adrenal cortex . Aldosterone synthase normally is not ACTH sensitive, and only activated by angiotensin II . Aldosterone causes the tubules of the kidneys to retain sodium and water . This increases the volume of fluid in the body, and drives up blood pressure . Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol within the adrenal cortex . Aldosterone and corticosterone ... of the adrenal gland. ref name pmid14667264 cite journal author McMahon GT, Dluhy RG title Glucocorticoid ... has no effect on the activity of aldosterone synthase . However, in subjects with glucocorticoid ... in treatment. ref name pmid15761539 cite journal author McMahon GT, Dluhy RG title Glucocorticoid remediable ... ACTH aldosterone synthase Glucocorticoid References reflist Endocrine pathology Defects of cholesterol ... more details
GIOP may refer to General Inter ORB Protocol osteoporosis glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Summary Information Description Schematic diagram of the translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor Source I created this work entirely by myself using PowerPoint and ChemDraw. Date 2008 07 05 Author User Boghog2 Boghog2 User talk Boghog2 talk other versions Licensing PD self date July 2008 ... more details
A pregnadiene is a diene derivative of a pregnane . ref MeshName Pregnadienes ref Dienes have two double bond s. The first is usually between carbon 4 and carbon 5 on ring A. 6 ene The second can be between carbons 6 and 7 on ring B gallery File Chlormadinone.png Chlormadinone progestogen File Cyproterone.png Cyproterone antiandrogen File Dydrogesterone.png Dydrogesterone progestogen File Megestrol.svg Megestrol progestogen, antineoplastic File Canrenone.png Canrenone aldosterone antagonist File Medrogestone.png Medrogestone progestogen gallery 1 ene The second can also be between carbons 1 and 2 on ring A gallery Image Fluocinolone acetonide.svg Fluocinolone acetonide glucocorticoid Image Triamcinolone.png Triamcinolone glucocorticoid gallery References Reflist Corticosteroids Estrogens and progestogens Category Glucocorticoids Category Progestagens Pharma stub Chemistry stub ... more details
vva Hyponatraemia Causes.svg Summary Created by me from my physiology notes. Hyponatraemia Dehydrated Dehydration Natriuresis Urinary Na Oedematous Renal sodium loss Addison s Renal failure Diuretic excess Osmolar diuresis Diarrhoea vomiting Fistulae burns Small bowel obstruction trauma CF Nefrotic syndrome Cardiac failure Cirrhosis Renal failure ADH Water overload Severe Hyperthyroidism Glucocorticoid insufficiency Licensing PD self date January 2007 ... more details
Steroid induced osteoporosis SIOP is osteoporosis arising due to use of glucocorticoid s analogous to Cushing s syndrome and involving mainly the axial skeleton. The synthetic glucocorticoid prescription drug prednisone is a main candidate after prolonged intake. Some professional guidelines recommend prophylaxis in patients who take the equivalent of more than 30 mg hydrocortisone 7.5 mg of prednisolone , especially when this is in excess of three months. ref name Bone2003 cite book author Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society , Royal College of Physicians title Glucocorticoid induced Osteoporosis year 2003 publisher Royal College of Physicians of London location London, UK isbn 1 860 16173 1 url http www.rcplondon.ac.uk pubs contents 966c62dd 8011 4f65 a61d dd0c7fe4fa4b.pdf ref Alternate day use may not prevent this complication. ref name GIOP cite journal author Gourlay M, Franceschini N, Sheyn Y title Prevention and treatment strategies for glucocorticoid induced osteoporotic fractures journal Clin Rheumatol year 2007 volume 26 issue 2 pages 144 53 pmid 16670825 doi 10.1007 s10067 006 0315 1 ref Mechanisms of SIOP include ref http courses.washington.edu bonephys opsteroid.html Steroid induced osteoporosis By Susan Ott, MD. Updated January 28, 2009. Retrieved on 26 Mars, 2009 ref Direct inhibition of osteoblast function Direct enhancement of bone resorption Inhibition of gastrointestinal calcium absorption Increased urine calcium loss Inhibition of sex steroids References reflist Endocrine pathology Osteochondropathy Category Skeletal disorders ... more details
Infobox Disease Name PAGENAME Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 Y42 ICD9 ICD9 E932 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Steroid folliculitis occurs following administration of glucocorticoid s or corticotropin . ref name Fitz2 Freedberg, et al. 2003 . Fitzpatrick s Dermatology in General Medicine . 6th ed. . Page 684. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0071380760. ref See also List of cutaneous conditions References reflist 2 Category Acneiform eruptions Cutaneous condition stub External causes of morbidity and mortality ... more details
, transrepression is an important pathway for the anti inflammatory effects of glucocorticoid ... a distressing divorce for the glucocorticoid receptor? journal Mol. Pharmacol. volume 72 issue 4 pages ... Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist References Reflist Category Molecular biology Molecular cell ... more details
PBB geneid 10691 Glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GMEB1 gene . ref name pmid10386584 cite journal author Theriault JR, Charette SJ, Lambert H, Landry J title Cloning and characterization of hGMEB1, a novel glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein journal FEBS Lett volume 452 issue 3 pages 170 6 year 1999 month Jul pmid 10386584 pmc doi 10.1016 S0014 5793 99 00634 1 ref ref name pmid10523663 cite journal author Christensen J, Cotmore SF, Tattersall P title Two new members of the emerging KDWK family of combinatorial transcription modulators bind as a heterodimer to flexibly spaced PuCGPy half sites journal Mol Cell Biol volume 19 issue 11 pages 7741 50 year 1999 month Nov pmid 10523663 pmc 84824 doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GMEB1 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 10691 accessdate ref The PBB Summary .... Study of rat homolog implicates the role of this gene in modulation of transactivation by the glucocorticoid receptor bound to glucocorticoid response elements. Two alternative spliced transcript ... its interaction with glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1. journal J Cell Biol volume ... AM, Heine MJ, Gronemeyer H title Cloning of a mouse glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein ... of the glucocorticoid modulatory element binding proteins GMEB 1 and 2 potential new modifiers of glucocorticoid receptor transactivation and members of the family of KDWK proteins. journal Mol ... SS title Ubc9 is a novel modulator of the induction properties of glucocorticoid receptors. journal ... magnetic resonance analyses of the SAND domain from glucocorticoid modulatory element binding ... of procaspase 2 by glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 1 through the interaction ... cite journal author Tsuruma K, Nakagawa T, Morimoto N, et al. title Glucocorticoid modulatory element ... more details
RU28362 is a molecule which binds the glucocorticoid receptor Corticoid Type II Receptor but not the mineralocorticoid receptor Corticoid Type I Receptor . ref cite journal author Woolley C, Gould E, Sakai R, Spencer R, McEwen B title Effects of aldosterone or RU28362 treatment on adrenalectomy induced cell death in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat journal Brain Res volume 554 issue 1 2 pages 312 5 year 1991 pmid 1933312 doi 10.1016 0006 8993 91 90207 C ref ref cite journal author Wong D, Lesage A, Siddall B, Funder J title Glucocorticoid regulation of phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase in vivo journal FASEB J volume 6 issue 14 pages 3310 5 year 1992 pmid 1426768 ref This is in contrast to cortisol , which binds both receptors, though it binds Type II with greater affinity. References Reflist biochemistry stub DEFAULTSORT Ru28362 Category Human proteins Category Intracellular receptors ... more details
three isoforms of serum and glucocorticoid dependent protein kinase SGK. journal Pflugers Arch. volume ... HM, B hmer C, Vallon V, et al. title Regulation of KCNE1 dependent K current by the serum and glucocorticoid ... al. title Regulation of cardiac shal related potassium channel Kv 4.3 by serum and glucocorticoid ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 26205 Glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GMEB2 gene . ref name pmid10523663 cite journal author Christensen J, Cotmore SF, Tattersall P title Two new members of the emerging KDWK family of combinatorial transcription modulators bind as a heterodimer to flexibly spaced PuCGPy half sites journal Mol Cell Biol volume 19 issue 11 pages 7741 50 year 1999 month Nov pmid 10523663 pmc 84824 doi ref ref name pmid11743720 cite journal author Burnett E, Christensen J, Tattersall P title A consensus DNA recognition motif for two KDWK transcription factors identifies flexible length, CpG methylation sensitive cognate binding sites in the majority of human promoters journal J Mol Biol volume 314 issue 5 pages 1029 39 year 2001 month Dec pmid 11743720 pmc doi 10.1006 jmbi.2000.5198 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GMEB2 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 26205 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene is a member of KDWK gene family. The product of this gene associates with GMEB1 protein, and the complex is essential for parvovirus DNA replication. Study of rat homolog implicates the role of this gene in modulation of transactivation by the glucocorticoid receptor bound to glucocorticoid response elements. This gene appears to use multiple polyadenylation sites. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene GMEB2 glucocorticoid modulatory element binding protein 2 url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... of the glucocorticoid modulatory element binding proteins GMEB 1 and 2 potential new modifiers of glucocorticoid ... modulator of the induction properties of glucocorticoid receptors. journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 277 ... more details
GRL could refer to Graffiti Research Lab Greenland ISO 3166 1 country code GRL Air Greenland ICAO airline code GRL Greenfaulds railway station , Scotland National Rail station code GRL Goal oriented Requirements Language Geophysical Research Letters Rugby league in Georgia Georgia Rugby League Greek Rugby League Glucocorticoid receptor Gamma Rho Lambda , a social, college based, sorority for lesbian, bisexual, transgender and straight women disambig de GRL fr GRL it GRL lt GRL ja GRL ... more details
Phenoptosis pheno showing or demonstrating, ptosis programmed death signifies the phenomenon of programmed cell death of an organism, ie that an organism s biology includes features that under certain circumstances will cause it to rapidly degenerate and die off. Phenoptosis is a common feature of living species , whose ramifications for humans is still being explored. A common route for phenoptosis is breakdown of glucocorticoid regulation and inhibition, leading to massive excess of these corticosteroid s in the body. http www.imminst.org forum index.php?s &act ST&f 173&t 6339 The process affects many species, from yeast to salmon . More Robert Sapolsky discusses phenoptosis in his book Why Zebras don t get Ulcers , 3rd Ed., p.245 247. He states that If you catch salmon right after they spawn biology spawn ... you find they have huge adrenal gland s, peptic ulcer s, and kidney lesion s, their immune system s have collapsed... and they have stupendously high glucocortocoid concentrations in their bloodstreams. When salmon spawn, regulation of their glucocortocoid secretion breaks down... But is the glucocorticoid excess really responsible for their death? Yup. Take a salmon right after spawning, remove its adrenals, and it will live for a year afterward. The bizarre thing is that this sequence... not only occurs in five species of salmon, but also among a dozen species of Australia n Dasyuridae marsupial mice ... Pacific salmon and marsupial mice are not close relatives. At least twice in evolutionary history, completely independently, two very different sets of species have come up with the identical trick if you want to degenerate very fast, secrete a ton of glucocorticoid s. See also Programmed cell death Apoptosis Survival of the fittest Sociobiology Evolution of ageing Category Programmed cell death cell biology stub ru ... more details
encodes a serine threonine protein kinase that is highly similar to the rat serum and glucocorticoid ... of this condition. ref cite web title Entrez Gene SGK serum glucocorticoid regulated kinase url ... The Na H exchanger regulatory factor 2 mediates phosphorylation of serum and glucocorticoid induced ... Chen Yueping, Lang Florian year 2002 month Mar. title Glucocorticoid activation of Na H exchanger isoform ... Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK is a target of the PI 3 kinase stimulated signaling pathway ... Importin alpha mediates the regulated nuclear targeting of serum and glucocorticoid inducible ... and glucocorticoid inducible kinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 276 issue 12 pages 8631 4 publisher ... Serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase modulates Nedd4 2 mediated inhibition of the epithelial ... and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase isoforms. journal Sci. STKE volume 2001 issue 108 pages ... title Activation of serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase by agonists that activate phosphatidylinositide ... 6021 3390319 pmc 1220160 cite journal author Park J, Leong ML, Buse P, et al. title Serum and glucocorticoid ... and regulation of two novel isoforms of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase. journal ... factor induced cell proliferation through direct cellular activation of serum and glucocorticoid ... 10.1074 jbc.C000838200 cite journal author Zhang BH, Tang ED, Zhu T, et al. title Serum and glucocorticoid ... Snyder PM, Olson DR, Thomas BC title Serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase modulates Nedd4 ... emboj 20.24.7052 pmc 125341 cite journal author Yun CC, Chen Y, Lang F title Glucocorticoid activation ... S6 protein kinase and serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase in vivo. journal J. Biol. Chem ... and glucocorticoid dependent kinase hSGK1 in lung fibrosis. journal Cell. Physiol. Biochem. volume ... A, Aydin A, Uhlmann R, et al. title Serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase SGK1 gene and blood pressure ... modification of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 SGK 1 . journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... more details
of the insufficiency glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, or both . Many dogs and cats with primary ... to 48 hours of appropriate fluid and glucocorticoid therapy. Over the ensuing 2 to 4 days, a gradual ... mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid therapy is initiated. Failure to make this transition smoothly should raise suspicion of insufficient glucocorticoid supplementation, concurrent endocrinopathy e.g. ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Steroid diabetes also steroid induced diabetes is a medical term referring to prolonged hyperglycemia due to glucocorticoid therapy for another medical condition. It is usually, but not always, a transient condition. Medical Conditions The most common glucocorticoids which cause steroid diabetes are prednisone and dexamethasone given systemically in pharmacologic doses for days or weeks. Typical medical conditions in which steroid diabetes arises during high dose glucocorticoid treatment include severe asthma , organ transplant ation, cystic fibrosis , inflammatory bowel disease , and induction chemotherapy for leukemia or other cancer s. Insulin Glucocorticoids oppose insulin action and stimulate gluconeogenesis , especially in the liver , resulting in a net increase in hepatic glucose output. Most people can produce enough extra insulin to compensate for this effect and maintain normal glucose levels, but those who cannot develop steroid diabetes. Criteria The diagnosis diagnostic criteria for steroid diabetes are those of diabetes mellitus diabetes fasting glucoses persistently above 125 mg dl 7 mM or random levels above 200 mg dl 11 mM occurring in the context of high dose glucocorticoid therapy. Insulin levels are usually detectable, and sometimes elevated, but inadequate to control the glucose. In extreme cases the hyperglycemia may be severe enough to cause nonketotic hyperosmolar coma . Treatment Treatment depends on the severity of the hyperglycemia and the estimated duration of the steroid treatment. Mild hyperglycemia in an immunocompetent patient may not require treatment if the steroids will be discontinued in a week or two. Moderate hyperglycemia carries an increased risk of infection, especially fungal infection fungal , and especially in people with other risk factors such as immunocompromise or central intravenous lines. Insulin is the most common treatment. Diagnosis Steroid diabetes must be distinguished f ... more details
drugbox verifiedrevid 400860631 IUPAC name 11 11,17,21 trihydroxy 16 methylenepregna 1,4 diene 3,20 dione synonyms small 8 S ,9 S ,10 R ,11 S ,13 S ,14 S ,17 R 11,17 dihydroxy 17 2 hydroxyacetyl 10,13 dimethyl 16 methylidene 6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15 octahydrocyclopenta a phenanthren 3 one small image Prednylidene.png ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 16735979 InChI 1 C22H28O5 c1 12 8 16 15 5 4 13 9 14 24 6 7 20 13,2 19 15 17 25 10 21 16,3 22 12,27 18 26 11 23 h6 7,9,15 17,19,23,25,27H,1,4 5,8,10 11H2,2 3H3 t15 ,16 ,17 ,19 ,20 ,21 ,22 m0 s1 InChIKey WSVOMANDJDYYEY CWNVBEKCBU smiles OCC O C 2 O C C C C H 3 C H 4CC C1 C C O C C C 1 C C H 4 C H O C C 23C StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C22H28O5 c1 12 8 16 15 5 4 13 9 14 24 6 7 20 13,2 19 15 17 25 10 21 16,3 22 12,27 18 26 11 23 h6 7,9,15 17,19,23,25,27H,1,4 5,8,10 11H2,2 3H3 t15 ,16 ,17 ,19 ,20 ,21 ,22 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey WSVOMANDJDYYEY CWNVBEKCSA N CAS number 599 33 7 ATC prefix H02 ATC suffix AB11 PubChem 20055008 DrugBank C 22 H 28 O 5 molecular weight 372.455 bioavailability protein bound metabolism elimination half life excretion pregnancy AU A B1 B2 B3 C D X pregnancy US A B C D X pregnancy category legal AU Unscheduled S2 S3 S4 S8 legal UK GSL P POM CD legal US OTC Rx only legal status routes of administration Prednylidene is a glucocorticoid ref name pmid10423179 cite journal author Buttgereit F, Brand MD, Burmester GR title Equivalent doses and relative drug potencies for non genomic glucocorticoid effects a novel glucocorticoid hierarchy journal Biochem. Pharmacol. volume 58 issue 2 pages 363 8 year 1999 month July pmid 10423179 doi 10.1016 S0006 2952 99 00090 8 url http linkinghub.elsevier.com retrieve pii S0006 2952 99 00090 8 ref for systemic use. References reflist Corticosteroids Corticosteroids for systemic use Category Glucocorticoids systemic hormonal drug stub ... more details
cite web title Entrez Gene SGK3 serum glucocorticoid regulated kinase family, member 3 url http ... serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase like kinase SGKL phosphorylates glycogen syntheses kinase ... author Lang F, Cohen P title Regulation and physiological roles of serum and glucocorticoid induced ... doi 10.1083 jcb.200105089 pmc 2196448 cite journal author Yun CC, Chen Y, Lang F title Glucocorticoid ... author Dai F, Yu L, He H, et al. title Human serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase like kinase ... Ubiquitin modification of serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 SGK 1 . journal J. Biol ... of serum and glucocorticoid dependent protein kinase SGK. journal Pflugers Arch. volume 445 issue 1 ... I, B hmer C, Lang F title Activation of Na K ATPase by the serum and glucocorticoid dependent ... K current by the serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK isoforms. journal Pflugers Arch ... more details
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