This article is about the ancient kingdom. For other places, see Gandhara City . Gandhara is also a proposed ... Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan . Gandhara was located mainly in the vale of Peshawar , the Potohar ... modern Taxila . ref http concise.britannica.com ebc article 9035986 Gandhara Encyclop dia Britannica Gandhara ref The Kingdom of Gandhara lasted from early 1st millennium BC to the 11th century .... After it was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1021 CE, the name Gandhara disappeared. During the Muslim ... spouted figure, terracotta, Charsadda, Gandhara, 3rd 1st century BC Victoria and Albert Museum ... parts of northwest Punjab region Punjab . Gandhara was located on the northern trunk road Uttarapatha ... with ancient Iran , India and Central Asia . The boundaries of Gandhara varied throughout history. Sometimes the Peshawar valley and Taxila were collectively referred to as Gandhara and sometimes the Swat Pakistan Swat valley Sanskrit Suv stu was also included. The heart of Gandhara, however, was always ... Ramayana Bharata , a king of Ayodhya . History Evidence of Stone Age human inhabitants of Gandhara .... The region shows an influx of southern Central Asian culture in the Bronze Age with the Gandhara ..., Gandhara is named as a source of tax collections for King Darius. The Gandh ris, along with the Balhika ... traditions. The Aitareya Brahmana refers to king Naganajit of Gandhara who was a contemporary of Janaka, king of Videha. Epic and Puranic traditions Gandhara had played an important role ... sons settled in Gandhara and their descendants ruled their till the time of Alexander s invasion ... of Duryodhana and other Kauravas. The prince of Gandhara Shakuni was against this wedding but accepted ... divinity , derived from the Indus Valley tradition, terracotta , Sar Dheri, Gandhara, 1st century .... Pushkalavati and Prayag The primary cities of Gandhara were Purushapura now Peshawar , Takshashila or Taxila and Pushkalavati . The latter remained the capital of Gandhara down to the 2nd century ... more details
Gandhara City may refer to Gandhara City or Kandahar , Afghanistan Gandhara or Kandhara, Orissa Gandhara in Tamil Nadu, Gandarvakottai State Assembly Constituency disambig ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Gandhara regnum Animal ia phylum Arthropod a classis Insect a ordo Lepidoptera familia Arctiidae genus GandharaGandhara is a genus of moth in the family Arctiidae . References http www.nhm.ac.uk jdsml research curation projects butmoth GenusList3.dsml?searchPageURL index.dsml&SUPERFAMIL &FAMILYqtype starts with&FAMILY arctiidae&SUBFAMILYqtype starts with&SUBFAMILY &TRIBEqtype starts with&TRIBE &SUBTRIBEqtype starts with&SUBTRIBE &GENUSqtype starts with&GENUS &AUTHORqtype starts with&AUTHOR &YEARqtype equals&YEAR &sort GENUS Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog br DEFAULTSORT Gandhara Moth Category Arctiidae Category Fauna of Pakistan Arctiidae stub ... more details
Founded initially in 1995 as Gandhara Institute of Medical Sciences in Peshawar , Pakistan , as the first private Medical college in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Gandhara University became the first private University in the Province in November 2002. Founded by the noted surgeon Muhammad Kabir, it has now expanded to include teaching in Nursing and business. External links http www.gandhara.edu.pk Gandhara University Pakistan university stub coord missing Pakistan Category Schools of medicine in Pakistan G Category Universities and colleges in Peshawar District ... more details
Citations missing article date September 2007 about the kingdom of Gandhara in Indian epic literature the historical region GandharaGandhara is a kingdom grouped among the western kingdoms in the epic Mahabharata . The epic Ramayana also mentions it as a western kingdom. Gandhara prince Sakuni was the root ... as Gandhari . A Gandhara kingdom western Gandhara existed in Kandahar province of Afghanistan . The eastern Gandhara was in modern Pakistan. Puskalavati , Takshasila Taxila and Purushapura Peshawar were cities in this Gandhara kingdom. Takshasila was founded by Raghava Rama s brother Bharata Ramayana ... inhabitants of the Gandhara kingdom. Gandharvas were well versed in music and art. This explains why there is much Gandhara influence in Indian Classical Music . Gandhara form of sculpturing is also ... Gandharva settlements on the banks of Saraswati River , not far from Gandhara, during his pilgrimage over Saraswati river basin. The Gandharva Kali and Dwapara , probably were princes from Gandhara ... Gandhara a Gandharvi well known by the name Gandhari . There was a Gandhrava also by the name Dhritarashtra. See Gandharva Kingdom . References in Mahabharata Gandhara, a kingdom in Ancient India Bharata Varsha Gandhara is mentioned as a hilly country at 5,30 . Yavanas , Kamboja Kingdom Kamvojas ... with the first group. Gandhara King Suvala Suvala 1,110 was a king of Gandhara during the Mahabharata ... Gandhara chiefs. Sakuni lived in the court of Kuru Kingdom Kurus , as a councillor of king Duryodhana ..., all of them being the warriors in the Kurukshetra War 6,91 Other Gandhara Kings Gandhara King ... princess went to forest mode of life after Krishna s death. 16,7 The mighty ruler of the Gandhara ... were natural allied of Kauravas owing to Sakuni , the close companion of Duryodhana . Gandhara ... valuable information on their role in Kurukshetra War Gandhara heroes The Kekeya Kingdom Kekaya brothers, at the head of their troops, encountered in battle the five Gandhara princes with their troops ... more details
Infobox artifact image File Seated Buddha, British Museum 1.jpg 220px name Seated Buddha from Gandhara image caption Seated Buddha from Gandhara on display in the British Museum material schist stone size Height 95 cm br Width 53 cm br Depth 24 cm writing created period c. 2nd 3rd Century place Gandhara , Pakistan location Room 33, British Museum , London id registration The Seated Buddha from Gandhara is an early statue of the Buddha made in Gandhara , in modern Pakistan , in the 2nd or 3rd century. It is now in room 33 of the British Museum . ref name bm http www.britishmuseum.org explore highlights highlight objects asia s seated buddha from gandhara.aspx Seated Buddha from Gandhara , British Museum Highlights, accessed July 2010 ref Statues of the enlightened one were not made until the 1st century AD, before that Buddha was represented by Aniconism in Buddhism aniconic symbols such as his footprint . ref name bbc Like other Gandharan, or Greco Buddhist art , the statue shows influence from Ancient Greek art , as the region had been part of the Greco Bactrian Kingdom established by Alexander the Great . Description The statue was carved in schist , allowing very fine detail, even down to fingernails. The pose, which was to become one of a number of standard ones, shows Buddha as a teacher setting the wheel of Dharma in motion Iconography of Gautama Buddha in Laos and Thailand Hand gestures Dharmachakra Mudr . Buddha did this following his enlightenment and after delivering his first sermon at the deer park at Sarnath ref name bm near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh . The statue ... from Gandhara , BBC Radio 4, accessed July 2010 ref The figure of the Buddha is shown on a cushion ... html Pages gandhara.html Gandhara Civilization , Heritage.gov.pk, accessed July 2010 ref References ... I DEFAULTSORT Buddha, Gandhara Category Asian objects in the British Museum Category Pakistani art Category Buddha statues Category Indian art Category Gandhara ... more details
of the Indo iranians, volume 3 Elena E. Kuz mina p. 318 ref Asko Parpola 1993 54 , argues that the Gandhara .... In the centuries preceding the Gandhara culture, during the Early Harappan period roughly ...&hl en Category History of Pakistan Category Gandhara Category Archaeological cultures Category Bronze Age Category Iron Age es Cultura de las tumbas de Gandhara it Cultura dello Swat no Gandhara ... more details
Gandhara Buddha , 1st 2nd century CE. Tokyo National Museum. Personal photograph 2005. Released in the Public Domain. pd self date December 2005 ... more details
Triratana Buddhist symbol. 1st century CE, Gandhara . ZenYouMitsu Temple , Tokyo. Personal photograph, 2005. Released in the Public Domain. PD self date January 2005 Category Spiritual and religious images ... more details
Uluka lang sa was the son of the king of Gandhara , Shakuni in the Mahabharata . Before the Pandava s come back from their anonymity he wanted to take Shakuni back to Gandhara but Shakuni refused and stayed in Hastinapura only to bring the war of Mahabharata. He was killed by Sahadeva in the Kurukshetra war . Hindu myth stub Category Characters in the Mahabharata hi ... more details
about the animal dog the German physicist Friedrich Hund Hund is a small village in Swabi district , situated on the right bank of the Indus River about 15 km upstream of Attock Fort and at a distance of about 80 km to the east of Peshawar in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, of Pakistan . It was the site of Alexander the Great s crossing of the Indus and an important site of Gandhara ruins. ref http www.nwfptourism.com.pk nwfp Gandhara main.html The Three Capitals of Gandhara . NWFP tourism site ref Hund was the last capital of Gandhara under the Hindu Shahi rulers until the Beginning of 11th century AD. when Mahmud of Ghazna defeated Anandpal , the last Hindu Shahi ruler in Gandhara. The Hindu Shahi capital was then shifted to Nandana in the Salt Range. ref http www.thenews.com.pk daily detail.asp?id 155911 Cafeteria, rest house inaugurated at Hund Museum Wednesday, January 07, 2009 Nisar Mahmood. THE NEWS. Jang group ref Hund is also said to be the site of Khwarazm Shah s Army s last stand against Genghis Khan . See also Takht Bhai joakim laupsta References Reflist coord missing Pakistan Category Populated places in Swabi District Category Archaeological sites in Pakistan Category Shahi Dynasty Category History of Pakistan Category History of Buddhism Category Pre Islamic heritage of Pakistan Category Populated places along the Silk Road it Hund ... more details
Licensing Uploaded By owner Amol N. Bankar , ancientcoinsofindia yahoo.co.in self GFDL with disclaimers cc by 2.5 migration relicense Information Description Coin of gandhara Janapada Source http www.geocities.com ancientcoinsofindia Coins of India website Date 2007 Author User Ancientcoinsofindia1 , English Wikipedia Permission CC2.5 Attribution other versions ... more details
Commander Aspavarman is known from Indian inscriptions inscriptions and coins to have ruled in Gandhara in the early part of the 1st century. He is also referenced in Ghandari texts, written in Kharosthi Kharos& 803 t& 803 h script, dating from the period. External links http depts.washington.edu ebmp downloads uw scroll.pdf The British Library Kharosthi Fragments , The British Library University of Washington Early Buddhist Manuscripts Project. Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Aspavarman ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Aspavarman Category People in the history of Pakistan Category Gandhara India bio stub ... more details
Buddhism in antiquity Image StandingBuddha.jpg thumb 150px Standing Buddha, Gandhara , Pakistan , 1st century CE. The region that is today known as Pakistan once had a large Buddhist population, with the majority of people in Gandhara present day North Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan being Buddhist. Gandhara was largely Mahayana Buddhist, and was also a stronghold of Vajrayana Buddhism. The Swat, Pakistan Swat Valley, known in antiquity as Uddiyana, was a kingdom tributary to Gandhara. There are many archaeological sites from the Buddhist era in Swat. The Buddhist sage Padmasambhava is said to have been born in a village near the present day town of Chakdara in Lower Dir District , which was then a part of Uddiyana . Padmasambhava is known as Guru Rinpoche in Tibetan and it is he who introduced Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet. Buddhism was also practiced in the Punjab region Punjab and Sindh regions. Gandhara remained a largely Buddhist land until around 800 AD, when the Pashtun people Pashtun people invaded the region from Southern Afghanistan and introduced the Islamic religion. Most Buddhists in Punjab reverted to Hinduism from 600 AD onwards. Buddhism was the faith practiced by the majority of the population of Sindh up to the Arab conquest by the Umayad Caliphate in 710 AD. External links http kaladarshan.arts.ohio state.edu maps gandh.html Archaeological sites in Gandhara region References Reflist Buddhism topics Asia topic Buddhism in Category Buddhism in Pakistan Pakistan stub simple Buddhism in Pakistan ... more details
Refimprove date April 2008 Gandhar or Gandhara lang ur is a gotra or tribe of Jat people Jats found in the states of Haryana and Punjab India Punjab in India as well as the province of Punjab Pakistan Punjab in Pakistan . During the Mahabharata period, the present day Kandahar province of Afghanistan used to be known as Gandhar. Some Gandhars are former Sandhus. Etymology The clan takes its name from the ancient Gandhara kingdom of the Mahabharata the modern day province of Kandahar Province Kandahar in Afghanistan . In the Indian Classical music system, the third note in an octave is also called Gandhar. Origin During the Mahabharata period, the present day Kandahar province of Afghanistan used to be known as Gandhar . Gandhara, the son of Arh, founded the city of Gandhar the modern day city of Kandahar and made it his capital. The princess of Gandhara, Gandhari was married to Dhritarashtra and was the mother of the Kaurava s. The descendants of Gandhar rulers are known as Gandhars. The ruins of the Gandhara kingdom can be found throughout Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Nowshera in the North West Frontier Province in Pakistan, there is even a barren area called the Gandhara Mound . Related clans Gaindhu, Gandhi, Gaindha, Gaindhal, Gaindhar and Gaindhrawal are gotras related to the Gandhara gotra. Geographic distribution Uttar Pradesh The Gandhar Jats are found in the village of Raghunathpur in the Bisauli tehsil in the Badaun District Badaun district of Uttar Pradesh. The Punjab region Jats belonging to gotras related to the Gandhar gotra are found in Punjab India as well as Punjab Pakistan . Religion Most Gandhar Jats are former sandhus and sidhus. The Gaindhu, Gaindha, Gaindhal and Gandhar gotras are also found amongst the Muslim Jats of Punjab Pakistan . All of them trace their origin to Kandahar. In the Aligarh District Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, there are some Hindu Jats belonging to the Gaindhar gotra. Among Sikh Jats ... more details
The Gandharis lang sa are a tribe attested from the Rigveda RV 1 .120.1, 1.126.7 and later texts. According to Zimmer, they lived on the Kabul River Kubha river in Vedic times. ref Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index, 1912 ref In later times, they formed a part of the Persian empire. ref Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index, 1912 ref They are first mentioned as Gandhari in the Rigveda, then along with the Balhikas Bactrians among border tribes in the Atharvavada, to whom one sends illnesses such as the fever. The Aitareya Brahmana refers to king Naganajit of Gandhara who was contemporary of King Janaka of Videha. The Gandharis are also mentioned in the Chandogya Upanishad and the Srauta Sutras . The Gandharas are included in the Uttarapatha division of Puranic and Buddhistic traditions. The Puranas record that the Druhyus were driven out of the land of the seven rivers by Mandhatr and that their next king Gandhara settled in a north western region which became known as Ghandara . ref Kandahar in Afghanistan possibly derives its name from Gandhara, Bryant 2001 ref The sons of the later Druhyu king Pracetas lived in the adjacent region of north Afghanistan. This is recorded in the following Puranas Bhagavata 9.23.15 16 Visnu 4.17.5 Vayu 99.11 12 Brahmanda 3.74.11 12 and Matsya 48.9. ref see e.g. Pargiter 1922 1979 Talageri 1993, 2000 ref Gandharas and their king figure prominently as strong allies of the Kuru kingdom Kuru s against the Pandava s in Mahabharata war. The Gandharas were a furious people, well trained in the art of war. According to Puranic traditions, this Janapada was founded by Gandhara , son of Aruddha, a descendant of Yayati . The princes of this country are said to have come from the line of Druhyu who was a famous king of Rigvedic period. The river Indus watered the lands of Gandhara. According to Vayu Purana II.36.107 , the Gandharas were destroyed by Pramiti aka Kalika , at the end of Kalyuga. The Gandharis are in the ancestral lines of the modern ... more details
The Nihongo Ancient Orient Museum Kodai Oriento Hakubutsukan is a small private museum in Tokyo , Japan , specializing in artifacts of the ancient Near East and Central Asia . It has a collection of Greco Buddhist art of Gandhara , and several pieces pertaining to the art of Palmyra and Persia . The Museum is located in the Sunshine City, Tokyo Sunshine City complex in Ikebukuro , at the 7th floor of the Cultural Center , and the entrance fee is 900 yen. gallery Image Palette.JPG Gandhara stone palette Image PalletteFragment.JPG Fragment of a Gandhara stone palette Image PoseidonGandhara.JPG Gandhara Poseidon Image GandharaTriton.JPG Gandhara Triton mythology Triton Image IndoGreekAphrodite.JPG Aphrodite at her bath Image IndoGreekBanquet.JPG Indo Greek festivities Image IndoParthianKing.JPG Indo Parthian king and attendants Image IndoGreekFestivities.JPG Indo Greek drinking party Image IndoParthianHunting.JPG Indo Parthian man hunting Image IndoParthianReveling.JPG Indo Parthian revelers Image IndoParthianCouple.JPG Indo Parthian couple Image CleopatraVIICoin.jpg Coin of Cleopatra VII Image HuvishkaOrientMuseumCoin.jpg Coin of Huvishka Image FemaleFigurineSyria5000BCE.jpg Female figurine, Syria, 5000 BCE gallery See also List of museums in Tokyo External links http www.sa.il24.net aom english.html Ancient Orient Museum English coord 35.728534 139.720785 type landmark display title Category Art museums and galleries in Tokyo Category Museums in Tokyo fa ko ja ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 Image EpicIndiaCities.jpg right thumb 100px Ancient Indian Bharata cities and Places Title and location names are in English language English . Takshasila was an ancient city mentioned in the epic Ramayana , now known as Taxila in Pakistan. As per the epic this city was named after Taksha the son of Bharata Ramayana Bharata the brother of Raghava Rama who was the king of Kosala Kingdom Kosala . Bharata defeated the Gandhara Kingdom Gandharas and built the city of Takshasila in Gandhara. In Mahabharata , this city is mentioned as a city defeated by Kuru Kingdom Kuru king Janamejaya . It was the city where the Naga Kingdom Naga Takshaka , the enemy of Janamejaya lived. Here Janamejaya conducted a massacre of Nagas which he called the Sarpasatra . This city in modern times, is known as Taxila , in Pakistan . See also Taxila Category Ancient Indian cities Category Rawalpindi District ... more details
Gandara may refer to People br Ra l G ndara Cartagena , long time Ponce, Puerto Rico Ponce fire chief Places br Gandara, Samar , a Philippine municipality Gandara, Buenos Aires , a village in Chascom s Partido , Argentina G ndara , a river in Cantabria, Spain Gandhara , an ancient kingdom located in what is now northern Pakistan Others br Gammon, an adversary in the List of minor Samurai Shodown characters Gandara Samurai Shodown series of video games disambig de Gandara es Gandara ... more details
Wiktionary Gandhari 1993 Gandahari G ndh r may refer to Gandhari character , character in the Indian epic, Mahabharata G ndh r language , north western prakrit spoken in G ndh ra Gandhari script , also known as Kharo h Ghandari people, who lived in Gandhara Gandhari film , a 1993 Malayalam language film See also lookfrom gandhari intitle gandhari possible misspellings Gandahar disambiguation Gandhar disambiguation root words Gand disambiguation Hari disambiguation Disambiguation ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 File PanchalaAndHariti.JPG thumb 250px Pancika left and Hariti right , holding a cornucopia , 3rd century, Takht i Bahi , British Museum . Pa cika Chinese was the Marriage consort of the Buddhist goddess of children, Hariti . He is himself a Buddhist god , Citation needed date April 2010 and is said to have fathered 500 children. He was the commander in chief of the Yaksha Yak a army of Vaisravana Vai rava a Bishamonten , and had another 27 Yak a generals under his orders. Pa cika was often represented holding a lance and a bag of money bag of jewels or money , together with Hariti, in the Greco Buddhist art of Gandhara , ref http books.google.com books?id KxczE2AZ7T8C&pg PA157 The gods of northern Buddhism their history and iconography , Alice Getty , Courier Dover Publications , 1988, p. 157, ISBN 9780486255750 at Google Books ref where they illustrated marital love following the intervention of the Gautama Buddha Buddha . The two figures were very popular in Gandhara in the latter part of the second century, and their statues are many. ref Sir John Marshall, The Buddhist Art of Gandhara , New Delhi Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, 1980, p, 104. ref When depicted holding a spear, he also signals his role as the chief of the Yak as. The Yak as are commanded by 28 generals, of whom the chief is Pa cika according to the Mahavamsa , he was the father of the 500 sons of Hariti Kishimojin . Possibly worshipped very early in Gandhara some of his representations are found in other areas too where Gandharan influence is said to have spread. This general of the Yak as was soon merged with Vai rava a. ref Buddhism Flammarion Iconographic Guides , Fr d ric Louis , Flammarion Publishing , 1995, ISBN 978 2080135582 ref References Reflist Buddhism topics Buddhism2 DEFAULTSORT Pancika Category Buddhist deities, bodhisattvas, and demons Category War gods ta ... more details
Moga may refer to one of the following locations Moga district , in Punjab, India Moga, Punjab , a city and municipality in the district Moga , slang word for the concept of the modern girl in 20th century Japan Moga, alternate name of the Indo Scythian king Maues Moga inscription , an archaeological artifact found in the area of Taxila, Gandhara, Pakistan disambig bn de Moga bpy nl Moga new vi Moga ... more details
Summary Information Description Standing Bodhisattva or Bodhisattva Maitreya from Gandhara, India. 3rd century A.D. Grey schist. Kushan period 50 320 A.D. Source self made Date 27 12 07 Location Mus e des beaux arts de Montr al Author User Eupator Eupator Permission other versions Licensing GFDL self no disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image HaddaBuddhaHead.JPG thumb 250px Head of the Buddha, crowned by the ushnisha, 3rd century, Hadda , Afghanistan . The ushnisha Sanskrit , n., Lang sa , IAST IAST u a is a three dimensional oval at the top of the head of the Buddha. It symbolizes his attainment of reliance in the spiritual guide. The ushnisha was not described initially in the Physical characteristics of the Buddha spelled out by the Buddhist canon. Rather, there are several mentions about a topknot His topknot is like a crown. Secondary characteristics, No53 He has a topknot as if crowned with a flower garland. Secondary characteristics, No80 The first representations of the Buddha in the 1st century CE in the Greco Buddhist art of Gandhara also represent him with a topknot, rather than just a cranial knob. It is thought that the interpretation of the ushnisha as a supernatural cranial protuberance happened at a later date, as the representation of the topknot became more symbolized and its original meaning was lost Mario Bussagli, L art du Gandhara . See also http wikisource.org wiki a vijaya h ra Wikisource Buddhism topics Buddhism2 Category Buddhist art and culture de Ushnisha it Usnisa ... more details
GGC may refer to Gandhara grave culture Georgia Gulf Corporation Georgia Gwinnett College The 3 letter ICAO airline designator for Cargo 360 The codon for the amino acid glycine Ghastly s Ghastly Comic GGC is a library system. Global Gentlemen s Club Exclusive Global Gamers Center Gr n Gold Club Bremen , a German club famous for its Latin Formation dance A Team The Gibson Guitar Corporation NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde http www.ggc stream.com GGC Stream is a international Anti Cheat Community for Onlinegames with Punkbuster disambig de GGC fr GGC it GGC ... more details
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