see also Twitch disambiguation Tremor SignSymptom infobox Name Fasciculation Image Caption DiseasesDB 18832 ICD10 ICD10 R 25 3 r 25 ICD9 ICD9 781.0 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 003296 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D005207 A fasciculation IPA en f s kj le n , or muscle twitch , is a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation visible under the skin arising from the spontaneous discharge of a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers muscle fascicle . Fasciculations can happen in any muscle in the body. Fasciculations have a variety of causes, the majority of which are benign , but can also be due to disease of the motor neurons. Risk factors original research date December 2011 Conditions The origin of most cases is at present unknown and usually inconclusive, has therefore been given the title benign fasciculation syndrome . ref name pmid8215252 cite journal author Blexrud MD, Windebank AJ, Daube JR title Long term follow up of 121 patients with benign fasciculations journal Ann. Neurol. volume 34 issue 4 pages 622 5 year 1993 pmid 8215252 doi 10.1002 ana.410340419 ref Neuromyotonia , also known as Isaacs syndrome Lower motor neuron lesion Werdnig Hoffman disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Kennedy disease Organophosphate poisoning Benzodiazepine withdrawal Magnesium deficiency ... observation in the detection of fasciculation in people with ALS. ref Strength, physical ... aid, and dimenhydrinate Dramamine for nausea and motion sickness. Persons with benign fasciculation syndrome BFS may experience paraesthesia shortly after taking such medication fasciculation episodes ... dehydration and nutrient loss including magnesium . Fasciculation also often occurs during a rest period ... for fasciculations in people with ALS. Among patients with ALS, fasciculation frequency is not associated .... No prediction of ALS disease duration can be made based on fasciculation frequency alone. ref Mateen ... stub de Faszikulation es Fasciculaci n fa fr Fasciculation it Fascicolazione nl Fasciculatie ... more details
Cramp fasciculation syndrome CFS is a rare ref cite journal last1 Jansen first1 P. H. P. last2 Dijck first2 J. A. A. M. last3 Verbeek first3 A. L. M. last4 Durian first4 F. W. last5 Joosten first5 E. M. G. title Estimation of the frequency of the muscular pain fasciculation syndrome and the muscular cramp fasciculation syndrome in the adult population journal European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience volume 241 issue 2 pages 102 4 year 1991 pmid 1834178 doi 10.1007 BF02191150 ref peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder. It is more severe than the related and common disorder known as benign fasciculation syndrome it causes fasciculation s, cramps, pain, fatigue, and muscle stiffness similar to those seen in neuromyotonia another related condition . ref cite book first1 Allan H. last1 Ropper first2 Robert H. last2 Brown year 2005 chapter Disorders of Muscle Characterized by Cramp, Spasm, Pain, and Localized Masses title Adams and Victor s Principles of Neurology edition 8th publisher McGraw Hill location New York pages 1277 8 isbn 978 0 07 141620 7 ref Patients with CFS ... doi 10.1093 brain awf178 ref Most cases of cramp fasciculation syndrome are idiopathic . ref cite journal last1 Lagueny first1 A title Cramp fasciculation syndrome journal Revue neurologique volume 161 issue 12 Pt 1 pages 1260 6 year 2005 pmid 16340924 ref Cramp fasciculation syndrome is diagnosed ... Cramp Fasciculation Syndromes, http neuromuscular.wustl.edu mother activity.html crampfas ref Fasciculation is the only abnormality ref cite journal last1 Tahmoush first1 AJ last2 Alonso first2 RJ last3 Tahmoush first3 GP last4 Heiman Patterson first4 TD title Cramp fasciculation syndrome ... Disease, Page 2 http www.teleemg.com new als2.htm ref seen with EMG. Cramp fasciculation syndrome ... involvement in the cramp fasciculation syndrome journal European neurology volume 56 issue 2 pages ... Lagueny first1 A title Cramp fasciculation syndrome journal Revue neurologique volume 161 issue ... more details
fasciculation during their lifetime. The precise cause of BFS is unknown, and, in fact, it s not known ..., Lygidakis C, Papageorgiou C. Fasciculation potentials in healthy people . Muscle & Nerve. 1998 Apr ... 296 Benign Fasciculation Syndrome.html ref BFS can also be attributed to long term use ... for the whole paragraph date February 2011 See also Fasciculation Neuromyotonia Cramp fasciculation syndrome References reflist DEFAULTSORT Benign Fasciculation Syndrome Category Neurological disorders ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 PBB geneid 9637 Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FEZ2 gene . ref name pmid9096408 cite journal author Bloom L, Horvitz HR title The Caenorhabditis elegans gene unc 76 and its human homologs define a new gene family involved in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A volume 94 issue 7 pages 3414 9 year 1997 month May pmid 9096408 pmc 20384 doi 10.1073 pnas.94.7.3414 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene FEZ2 fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 zygin II url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 9637 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene is an ortholog of the C. elegans unc 76 gene, which is necessary for normal axonal bundling and elongation within axon bundles. Other orthologs include the rat gene that encodes zygin II, which can bind to synaptotagmin. ref name entrez Interactions FEZ2 has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with Protein kinase M . ref name pmid14697253 cite journal doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2003.12.006 last Fujita first Toshitsugu authorlink coauthors Ikuta Junko, Hamada Juri, Okajima Toshihide, Tatematsu Kenji, Tanizawa Katsuyuki, Kuroda Shun ichi year 2004 month Jan. title Identification of a tissue non specific homologue of axonal fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 313 issue 3 pages 738 44 publisher location United States issn 0006 291X pmid 14697253 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref References reflist Further reading refbegin 2 PBB Further reading citations cite journal author Ranes Goldberg MG, Hori T, Mohan Peterson S, Spits H ... of a tissue non specific homologue of axonal fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 journal ... more details
Clonus from the Greek for violent, confused motion is a series of involuntary muscular contraction s and relaxations. Clonus is a sign of certain neurological conditions, and is particularly associated with upper motor neuron lesion s such as in stroke , multiple sclerosis , Spinal cord spinal cord damage and hepatic encephalopathy . Unlike the small, spontaneous twitching known as fasciculation s usually caused by lower motor neuron pathology , clonus causes large motions that are usually initiated by a reflex . Clonus is most common in the ankle s, where it is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward dorsiflexion . It can also be tested in the knees by rapidly pushing the patella knee cap , towards the toes. Only sustained clonus 5 beats or more is considered abnormal. Clonus appearing after ingesting potent serotonergic drugs strongly predicts imminent serotonin toxicity serotonin syndrome . See also Myoclonus Tonic clonic seizure Deep tendon reflex Deep tendon stretch reflex External links http www.psychotropical.com 1 st intro.shtml Dr. Gilman on Serotonin Toxicity Category Medical signs Category Seizure types de Klonus es Clonus fr Clonus io Klonuso he lt Traukuliai ja pl Klonus pt Cl nus sv Klonus th zh ... more details
PBB geneid 9638 Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FEZ1 gene . ref name pmid9096408 cite journal author Bloom L, Horvitz HR title The Caenorhabditis elegans gene unc 76 and its human homologs define a new gene family involved in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation journal Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A volume 94 issue 7 pages 3414 9 year 1997 month May pmid 9096408 pmc 20384 doi 10.1073 pnas.94.7.3414 ref ref name pmid15843383 cite journal author Suzuki T, Okada Y, Semba S, Orba Y, Yamanouchi S, Endo S, Tanaka S, Fujita T, Kuroda S, Nagashima K, Sawa H title Identification of FEZ1 as a protein that interacts with JC virus agnoprotein and microtubules role of agnoprotein induced dissociation of FEZ1 from microtubules in viral propagation journal J Biol Chem volume 280 issue 26 pages 24948 56 year 2005 month Jun pmid 15843383 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.M411499200 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene FEZ1 fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 zygin I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 9638 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text This gene is an ortholog of the C. elegans unc 76 gene, which is necessary for normal axonal bundling and elongation within axon bundles. Expression of this gene in C. elegans unc 76 mutants can restore to the mutants partial locomotion and axonal fasciculation, suggesting that it also functions in axonal outgrowth. The N terminal half of the gene product is highly acidic. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding ... FEZ1 fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 zygin I url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez ... Ellen year 2002 month Jan. title NBR1 interacts with fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 ... C, Chambers J, Howe K, et al. title NBR1 interacts with fasciculation and elongation protein zeta ... more details
Fibrillation is the rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of muscle fibers. An important occurrence is with regards to the heart . Cardiology There are two major classes of cardiac fibrillation atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation . Atrial fibrillation can be a chronic condition, usually treated with anticoagulation and sometimes with cardioversion conversion to cardiac pacemaker normal sinus rhythm . This originates in the Atrium and an electrical impulse is quivering fibrillation . An electrical pulse is given off, but is not the optimal way of sending an electrical pulse. Ventricular fibrillation is rapidly fatal if not reversed by defibrillation . No electrical impulse is given off in this form of dysrhythmia. Fibrillation may sometimes be used after heart surgery to stop the heart from beating while any minor leaks are stitched up. Musculoskeletal Fibrillation also occurs with individual skeletal muscle fibers. ref DorlandsDict three 000039912 fibrillation ref This happens when muscle bers lose contact with their innervating axon producing a spontaneous action potential, fibrillation potential that results in the muscle fiber s contraction. These contractions are not visible under the skin and are detectable through needle electromyography EMG and ultrasound. ref Pillen S, Nienhuis M, van Dijk JP, Arts IM, van Alfen N, Zwarts MJ. 2009 . Muscles alive ultrasound detects fibrillations. Clin Neurophysiol. 120 5 932 6. PMID 19356976 doi 10.1016 j.clinph.2009.01.016 ref Fibrillations do not occur in healthy individuals. They are a major symptom in acute and severe peripheral nerve disorders, in myopathies in which muscle bers are split or in ammed, and lower motor neuron lesion s. They contrast with fasciculations that are visible spontaneous contractions involving small groups of muscle fibers. Also, fasciculation does not necessarily denote pathology, as does fibrillation, although it can be seen in lower motor neuron lesions as well. Refe ... more details
wiktionary twitch Twitch may refer to tocright Physiology Muscle contraction and relaxation Convulsion , rapid and repeated muscle contraction and relaxation, resulting in uncontrolled shaking Fasciculation , a small, local, involuntary muscle contraction Myoclonic twitch , a jerk usually caused by sudden muscle contractions Myokymia , a continuous, involuntary muscle twitch that affects the muscles of the face, particularly the eyelids Spasm , a sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, group of muscles, hollow organ, or orifice Tic , an involuntary, repetitive, nonrhythmic movement or vocalization of sudden onset and involving discrete muscle groups Tremor , an involuntary, repetitive, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation Entertainment Twitch film Twitch film , a 2005 short film directed by Leah Meyerhoff Twitch Ministry album Twitch Ministry album , 1986 Twitch Aldo Nova album Twitch Aldo Nova album , 1985 Twitch EP Twitch EP , by Jebediah Twitch Film , a film website Nicknames Stephen Twitch Boss , American dancer, finalist in the fourth season of the TV series So You Think You Can Dance Richard Roy musician , American bass guitarist, formerly of Sum 41 Jeremy Stenberg born 1981 , American professional freestyle motocross rider Maximilian Twitch Williams, a fictional police officer in the comic series Sam and Twitch , a spinoff of Spawn Other uses Twitch device , a device used to restrain horses Twitch, in birdwatching Birding, birdwatching and twitching birdwatching , to pursue and observe a rare bird Twitch gameplay , a computer or video game in which the player must react quickly See also Twitches disambiguation disambiguation it Twitch ... more details
unreferenced date May 2009 Lower motor neurons LMNs are the motor neuron s connecting the brainstem and spinal cord to muscle fibers , bringing the action potential nerve impulses from the upper motor neuron s out to the muscle s. A lower motor neuron s axon terminates on an effector muscle . Classification Lower motor neurons are classified based on the type of muscle fiber they innervate Alpha motor neuron s MNs innervate extrafusal muscle fiber s, the most numerous type of muscle fiber and the one involved in muscle contraction . Gamma motor neuron s MNs innervate intrafusal muscle fiber s, which together with sensory afferents compose muscle spindle s. These are part of the system for sensing proprioception body position proprioception . Physiology Glutamate released from the upper motor neurons triggers depolarization in the lower motor neurons in the ventral horn which in turn causes an action potential to propagate the length of the axon to the neuromuscular junction where acetylcholine is released to carry the signal across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic receptors of the muscle cell membrane, signaling the muscle to contract. Consequences of lesions Damage to lower motor neurons, lower motor neuron lesion s LMNL cause decreased Muscle tone tone , decreased strength and decreased Reflex reflexes in affected areas. These findings are in contrast to findings in upper motor neuron lesion s. LMNL is indicated by abnormal Electromyography EMG potentials, fasciculation s, paralysis , weakening of muscles , and neurogenic atrophy of skeletal muscle. See also Upper motor neuron Upper motor neuron lesion Lower motor neuron lesion neuroanatomy stub Nervous tissue Motor system Category Somatic motor system Category Efferent neurons ar fa ja ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 408396032 ImageFile Anatoxin a.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 1 1R,6R 9 azabicyclo 4.2.1 non 4 en 5 yl ethanone OtherNames Anatoxin A Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 381822 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C10841 InChI 1 C10H15NO c1 7 12 9 4 2 3 8 5 6 10 9 11 8 h4,8,10 11H,2 3,5 6H2,1H3 InChIKey SGNXVBOIDPPRJJ UHFFFAOYAZ ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 25619 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H15NO c1 7 12 9 4 2 3 8 5 6 10 9 11 8 h4,8,10 11H,2 3,5 6H2,1H3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey SGNXVBOIDPPRJJ UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct ?? CASNo 64285 06 9 PubChem 431734 SMILES CC O C1 CCCC2CCC1N2 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 15 sub NO MolarMass 165.232 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Anatoxin a , also known as Very Fast Death Factor , is a secondary, bicyclic amine alkaloid and cyanotoxin with acute neurotoxicity . The toxin is produced by at least four different genera of cyanobacteria and has been reported in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and New Zealand. The toxin is much less likely to be identified in the southern hemisphere. Symptoms of anatoxin exposure are loss of coordination, Fasciculation muscular fasciculations , convulsions and death by respiratory paralysis . Its mode of action is through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor where it acts as an analogue of acetylcholine . The molecule is not degraded by cholinesterase , thus causing permanent stimulation of muscle cells leading to paralysis. Information on carcinogenicity is not available. See also Cyanotoxin References Wood, S. A., J. P. Rasmussen, P. T. Holland, R. Campbell, and A. L. M. Crowe. 2007. First Report of the Cyanotoxin Anatoxin A from Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi cyanobacteria Journal of Phycology 43 356 365. National Center for Environm ... more details
BEFORE ADDING TO THIS PAGE Please read Edits to page on April 20, 2008 on the discussion page. Thanks BFS may refer to Breadth first search , a graph search algorithm Best first search , a path finding algorithm Belfast International Airport , an airport in Northern Ireland Beatles for Sale , an album by The Beatles Be File System , the native file system for the Be Operating System Boot File System , a file system used on UnixWare to store files necessary to its boot process Byte File System, directory based streaming file system in IBM s VM operating system VM operating system Benign fasciculation syndrome , a neurological disorder Bio Fuel Systems Bowling for Soup , a pop punk band based in Denton, Texas British Fantasy Society , a group dedicated to promoting the best in the fantasy, science fiction and horror genres BFS, a revival of the 1970s British band Blackfoot Sue Basic feasible solution in simplex algorithm , a solution obtained by setting any math n m math variables to zeroes in a system of math m math linear equations in math n math variables, and solving for the values of remaining math m math variables Brain Fuck Scheduler , a process scheduler for the Linux kernel See also List of acronyms and initialisms B BF disambig cs BFS de BFS es BFS fr BFS ko BFS it BFS nl BFS ja BFS no BFS pl BFS ... more details
slow relaxation , hyperhidrosis excessive sweating , myokymia quivering of a muscle , fasciculation ... in order of severity of symptoms from least severe to most severe Benign fasciculation syndrome Benign Fasciculation Syndrome , Cramp Fasciculation Syndrome , and neuromyotonia. Some doctors will only ... more details
Monomelic amyotrophy also known as MMA , Hirayama s disease , Sobue diease or Juvenile nonprogressive amyotrophy is an untreatable, focal, motor neuron disease that primarily affects young 15 25 year old males in India and Japan . MMA is marked by insidious onset of muscular atrophy , which stabilizes at a plateau after two to five years from which it neither improves nor worsens. There is no pain or sensory loss associated with MMA. Unlike other lower motor neuron disease s, MMA is not believed to be hereditary and fasciculation s involuntary muscle twitches are rare. Electromyography EMG tests reveal loss of the nerve supply, or denervation, in the affected limb without conduction block nerve blockage restricted to a small segment of the nerve . Increased sweating , coldness and cyanosis have been reported for a few patients, indicating involvement of the sympathetic nervous system . While MMA will cause weakness and or wasting in only one limb, Electromyography EMG and Nerve conduction velocity NCV tests often show signs of reinnervation in the unaffected limbs. Treatment There is no cure for MMA. Treatment consists of muscle strengthening exercises and training in hand coordination. Prognosis The symptoms of MMA usually progress slowly for one to two years before reaching a plateau, and then remain stable for many years. Disability is generally slight. Rarely, the weakness progresses to the opposite limb. There is also a slowly progressive variant of MMA known as O Sullivan McLeod syndrome , which only affects the small muscles of the hand and forearm and has a slowly progressive course. Epidemiology MMA occurs in males between the ages of 15 and 25. Onset and progression are slow. MMA is seen most frequently in Asia, particularly in Japan and India it is much less common in North America. External links NINDS monomelic amyotrophy http www.mndassociation.org full site home.shtml MND Association http www.neuro.wustl.edu neuromuscular motor.html monomelic Overview ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Lower motor neuron lesion Image Spinal nerve.svg Caption Lower motor neuron in red DiseasesDB 22143 ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID A lower motor neuron lesion is a lesion which affects nerve fibers traveling from the Anterior horn spinal cord anterior horn of the spinal cord to the relevant muscle s the lower motor neuron . ref name Fix2007 cite book author James D. Fix title Neuroanatomy url http books.google.com books?id g2nSQaVDy7oC&pg PA120 accessdate 17 November 2010 date 1 October 2007 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 9780781772457 pages 120 ref One major characteristic used to identify a lower motor neuron lesion is flaccid paralysis paralysis accompanied by muscle loss. This is in contrast to a upper motor neuron lesion , which often presents with spastic paralysis paralysis accompanied by severe hypertonia . Symptoms Muscle paresis or paralysis fibrillations fasciculations hypotonia or atonia Tone is not velocity dependent. Areflexia or hyporeflexia Along with deep reflexes even cutaneous reflexes are also decreased or absent Strength weakness is limited to segmental or focal pattern, Root innervated pattern The extensor Plantar reflex Babinski reflex is usually absent. Muscle paresis paralysis , hypotonia atonia, and hyporeflexia areflexia are usually seen immediately following an insult. Muscle wasting , fasciculation s and fibrillation s are typically signs of end stage muscle denervation and are seen over a longer time period. Another feature is the segmentation of symptoms only muscles Innervation innervated by the damaged nerves will be symptomatic. Etiology Most common causes of lower motor neuron injuries are trauma to peripheral nerves that sever the axons and poliomyelitis a virus that selectively attacks ventral horn cells. Disuse atrophy of the muscle occurs i.e,shrinkage of muscle fibre finally replaced by fibrous tissue fibrous muscle Other causes include Guillain Barr syn ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 414519190 ImageFile malaoxon.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName diethyl 2 dimethoxyphosphorylsulfanyl butanedioate OtherNames 2 dimethoxyphosphorylthio butanedioic acid diethyl ester Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1634 78 2 PubChem 15415 SMILES CCOC O CC C O OCC SP O OC OC Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 19 sub O sub 7 sub PS MolarMass 314.292421 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Malaoxon is a chemical compound with the chemical formula formula C sub 10 sub H sub 19 sub O sub 7 sub PS. More specifically, it is a phosphorothioate . It is a breakdown product of, and more toxic than, malathion . Air & Water This chemical may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. NTP, 1992 . Slightly water soluble. Fire Hazard This chemical is probably combustible. NTP, 1992 Health Hazard Symptoms of exposure to this type of compound include cholinesterase inhibition, miosis, frontal headache, increased bronchial secretion, nausea, vomiting, sweating, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, lacrimation, increased salivation, bradycardia, cyanosis and muscular twitching of the eyelids, tongue, face and neck, possibly progressing to convulsions. Other symptoms include hyperemia of the conjunctiva, dimness of vision, rhinorrhea, bronchoconstriction, cough, fasciculation, anorexia, incontinence, eye changes, weakness, dyspnea, bronchospasm, hypotension or hypertension due to asphyxia, restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, tremor, ataxia, depression, confusion, neuropathy rare , coma and death from depression of respiratory or cardiovascular systems. Exposure to this type of compound may result in giddiness, nervousness, blurred vision, discomfort tightness in chest, papilledema, muscular weakness, loss of reflexes, loss of sphincter control, cardiac arrhythmias, various degrees of heart block and cardiac arrest. It may also result in spasm of accommodation, aching pain in a ... more details
absence of fasciculation s as a side effect. It has also been used for murder by F. Lee Bailey Dr ... fasciculation. Phase 2 block This phase is not something abnormal and is a part of its mechanism of action ... more details
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