File Persepolis carved Faravahar.JPG thumb 200px Stone carved Faravahar in Persepolis . Zoroastrianism image Faravahar Gold.svg caption The faravahar . Faravahar Old Persian OP fravarti Middle Persian MP pr whr ref The Encyclopedia Iranica gives several Middle Iranian renderings fraward , frawahr , fr har , frawa , frawax . The form frawahr reflects the Pazend dibacheh form, corresponding to Book Pahlavi pr whr . ref is one of the best known symbols of Zoroastrianism , the state religion of Persian Empire ancient Iran . This religious cultural symbol was adapted by the Pahlavi dynasty to represent the Iranian nation. The etymology of Faravahar is the Middle Persian root frwr the Pahlavi script of Middle Persian did not represent short vowels , and the word is thus variously pronounced written farohar , frohar , frawahr , fravahr and so forth, as there is no agreed upon method of transliterating the Middle Persian word into English. In Dekhoda s dictionary and the 17th century Persian dictionary Burhan Qati , it appears as lang fa furuhar . The Encyclopedia Iranica renders it as frawahr this reflects the Pazend dibacheh form, corresponding to Book Pahlavi pr whr . The winged disc has a long history in the art and culture of the Near East ancient Near and Middle East . Historically, the symbol is influenced by the winged sun Anatolian hieroglyphs hieroglyph appearing on Bronze ... day Zoroastrianism, the faravahar is said to be a reminder of one s purpose in life, which is to live ... god Ashur . The right hand is extended similar to the Faravahar figure, while the left hand holds a bow instead of a ring 9th or 8th c. BC relief . File Darius I the Great s inscription.jpg The Faravahar ... Farvahar icon. gallery References reflist commonscat Faravahar National symbols of Iran Category ... words and phrases bg ca Faravahar de Faravahar es Faravahar fa fr Faravahar hsb Faravahar it Faravahar ku Firawer no Faravahar pl Faravahar pt Faravahar ro Faravahar ru ... more details
the Great and his heirs. Farvahar main Faravahar File Faravahar Gold.svg thumb left 250px The FaravaharFaravahar is one of the best known symbols of Zoroastrianism , a state religion of the ancient ... islam has now replaced Zoroastrianism as Iran s state religion, the Faravahar still represents a national ... coat of arms was created with Iran s national and Pahlavi s dynastical symbols Lion and Sun , Faravahar ... of arms in the centre. References Reflist See also Flag of Iran The Lion and Sun Faravahar Imperial ... more details
Zoroastrianism image Faravahar.svg caption Faravahar , believed to be a depiction of a fravashi . A fravashi Avestan language Avestan frava i Middle Persian fravard , fravahr , fravash , fravaksh is the guardian spirit mentioned in the Avesta of an individual, who sends out the urvan often translated as soul into the material world to fight the battle of good versus evil. On the morning of the fourth day after death, the urvan returns to its fravashi , where its experiences in the material world are collected. Etymology In general, fravashi is believed to have at its root var to choose. From reconstructed fravarti rt clusters in Avestan usually appear as , fravashi could then be interpreted to mean one who has been selected for exaltation . Also following var to choose is the interpretation as to choose profess a faith, as also attested in the word fravarane , the name of the Zoroastrian credo . Other interpretations take other meanings of var into consideration Either as var to cover that in a bahuvrihi with fra to ward provides protective valor, or a derivation from var to make be pregnant which gives promoter of birth, birth spirit. One interpretation considers a derivation from vart turn hence turning away, departing, death. In scripture The concept of the fravashi s, unlike that of many of the other Yazata yazata s , does not appear to have an equivalent in other Proto Indo Iranian religion Indo Iranian religions. Although there are parallels with the Indian pitaras and Greek Prythani , the historical development of the concept is unclear, and there are several conflicting theories as to when and why fravashi s received the role they play in the texts of the Avesta . Mary Boyce Boyce speculates that perhaps the fravashi s are the remnants of the hero cult of the Iranian ... Although there is no physical description of a fravashi in the Avesta , the faravahar , one ... female, while the faravahar symbol is unmistakably male. In the hierarchy of the yazata s, the fravashi ... more details
Persepolis Bas Relief.jpg right thumb 200px The Faravahar in the Persepolis . Also a small winged sun is below of it, click on the image to see. The symbol evolved into the Faravahar the visual aspect ... more details
Image Blessing genie Dur Sharrukin.jpg thumb A four winged genie in the act of pollination. Relief from the north wall of the Palace of king Sargon II at Dur Sharrukin , 713 716 BC. Winged genie is the conventional term for a recurring motif in Neo Assyrian Empire Assyrian iconography. Winged genies are bearded male figures sporting birds wing s. A frequent motif is that of two winged genies Pollination pollinating a date tree sometimes identified as the Tree of Life , but also as guarding or blessing royal figures. Winged genies co existed with numerous other mythological hybrid s in the Early Iron Age art of Assyria and Asia Minor. They influenced Archaic Greece during its orientalizing period , resulting in the hybrid creatures of Greek mythology such as the Chimera mythology Chimera , the Griffin or Pegasus and, int the case of the winged man , Talos . The orientalizing period has its origin in Early Iron Age 9th century BC Crete , where bearded and winged figures clearly inspired by Assyrian templates are found engraved in bronze bowls and other artefacts. ref cite book first John D. last Pendlebury work The Archaeology of Crete year 1991 page 336 url http www.cycladic.gr frontoffice portal.asp?cpage resource&cresrc 1176&cnode 55 title The orientalizing period in Greek art ref The winged man also makes an appearance among the Chayot of Ezekiel s Merkabah vision, and via bibleverse Revelation 4 7 KJV becomes the symbol of Matthew the Evangelist . The Seraphim of Isaiah 6 1 3 have six wings each. gallery Image Assyrian winged genie from Nimrud.jpg Winged genie from the Nimrud palace of Ashurnasirpal II , now at the Museu Calouste Gulbenkian in Lisbon. Image Assyrian Genie Yale University Art Gallery.jpg Pollinating winged genie, kept at the Yale University Art Gallery gallery See also Assyrian art Faravahar Seraph Winged sun References reflist External links http www.metmuseum.org toah ho 04 wam ho 1989.361.1.htm Metmuseum.org http www.clevelandart.org explore wo ... more details
Infobox rugby team country Iran image IranRugbyFederation.JPG union Rugby and Cricket Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran nickname Team Melli emblem Faravahar ground Azadi Training Pitch 4 captain Jalal Jahanbakhsh coach Vacant caps top scorer most tries pattern la1 pattern b1 pattern ra1 leftarm1 FFFFFF body1 FFFFFF rightarm1 FFFFFF shorts1 FFFFFF socks1 090 first Ru IRN 22&ndash 11 Ru rt PAK BR 18 August 2007 bigwin Ru IRN 48&ndash 13 Ru rt INA BR 4 July 2009 bigloss Ru PHI 15&ndash 0 Ru rt IRI BR 1 July 2009 World cup apps 0 year best The Iran national rugby union team lang fa is a sporting side that represents Iran in rugby union and is controlled by the Rugby and Cricket Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran . Iran is a member of Asian Rugby Football Union since November 2005 and the International Rugby Board . ref http www.irb.com newsmedia mediazone pressrelease newsid 2041050.html ref The team currently competes in Division 2 of the Asian Five Nations . History main Rugby union in Iran On August 18, 2007 Iran played its first international friendly as part of the Pakistan Tour and won 22 11 in Lahore , Pakistan . ref cite web url http www.theroar.au 2007 08 30 iran taking their rugby seriously title Iran taking their rugby seriously work theroar.com accessdate 2007 08 18 ref Results summary Their Test match record against all nations listed alphabetically , updated to May 7, 2011, is as follows class wikitable sortable style text align center width 200 Against width 70 Played width 70 Won width 70 Drawn width 70 Lost width 70 Won bgcolor d0ffd0 align center align left ru TPE 1 0 0 1 0 align left ru GUM 1 1 0 0 100 align left ru IND 2 2 0 0 100 align left ru INA 1 1 0 0 100 align left ru KGZ 1 1 0 0 100 align left ru PAK 3 3 0 0 100 align left ru PHI 1 0 0 1 0 align left ru UZB 1 1 0 0 100 class sortbottom Total 11 9 0 2 82 Honours 2007 IRB Singer Rugby Asiad Shield Championship 2008 Asian Five Nations Central Asia Regio ... more details
Image Central Asia Ethnic en.svg thumb right 250px The ethnolinguistic patchwork of Central Asia in later soviet times Image Farvahar001.JPG right thumb 200px Faravahar one of the major symbols of Zoroastrianism Central Asia is a diverse land with many ethnic groups, languages, religions and tribes. This article discusses all of the above, and includes the demographics of the nations of the five former Soviet republics Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan , Tajikistan , and Uzbekistan , a group which has a total population of about 61 million. When Afghanistan , which is not always considered part of the region, is included, then Central Asia has a total population of about 90 million as of 2010. ref https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook ref Although most central Asians have belonged to religions which were introduced into the area within the last 1,500 years, ref https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook ref such as Sunni Islam , Ismailism Ismaili Islam , Tengriism , and Syriac Christianity , Buddhism in Central Asia Buddhism was introduced to Central Asia over 2,200 years ago, and Zoroastrianism , over 2,500 years ago. ref http www.duke.edu jds17 zoroast.html ref Ethnic groups in Central Asia ref https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook ref Below is information on the demographics of ethnic groups in Central Asia class wikitable sortable Ethnic Group Center of population in Central Asia Total roughly estimated population in Central Asia Uzbek people Uzbek Uzbekistan 27,000,000 30,000,000 Tajik people Tajik Tajikistan and to a lesser extent Northern Afghanistan. It includes Pamiri people , who are officially categorized as Tajiks in Tajikistan. 15,000,000 Kazakhs Kazakh Kazakhstan 11,500,000 Kyrgyz people Kyrgyz Kyrgyzstan 4,100,000 Russians Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan 7,000,000 ref http demoscope.ru weekly ssp sng nac 79.php ref ref http www.demoscope.ru weekly 2005 0191 analit05.php ref ref http www. ... more details
About the Canaanite sun goddess Shapash Canaanite goddess the role in a synagogue comparable to a Sexton Gabbai Refimprove date June 2008 Image Milkau Oberer Teil der Stele mit dem Text von Hammurapis Gesetzescode 369 2.png thumb upright Shamash seated , depicted as handing symbols of authority to Hammurabi relief on the upper part of the stele of code of Hammurabi Hammurabi s code of laws File Star of Shamash.png thumb Version of the ancient star sun symbol of Shamash ref Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia An Illustrated Dictionary by Jeremy Black and Anthony Green 1992, ISBN 0 292 70794 0 , p. 168. ref File Shamash.jpg thumb Male figure possibly Shamash dubious date November 2010 or Ashur god Ashur in an Assyrian winged sun emblem North West Palace of Nimrud , 9th c. BC British Museum room B, panel 23 . This iconography later gave rise to the Zoroastrian Faravahar symbol. Shamash Akkadian language Akkadian ama Sun was a native Mesopotamian deity and the Solar deity sun god in the Akkadian , Assyria n and Babylonian pantheons. Shamash was the god of justice in Babylonia and Assyria , corresponding to Mesopotamian mythology Sumerian Utu . Akkadian ama is cognate to Hebrew language Hebrew eme and Arabic language Arabic ams . History Both in early and in late inscriptions Shamash is designated as the offspring of Nanna Sumerian deity Nannar i.e. of the moon god, and since, in an enumeration of the pantheon, Sin god Sin generally takes precedence of Shamash, it is in relationship, presumably, to the moon god that the sun god appears as the dependent power. Such a supposition would accord with the prominence acquired by the moon in the calendar and in astrological calculations, as well as with the fact that the moon cult belongs to the nomadic and therefore earlier stage of civilization, whereas the sun god rises to full importance only after the agricultural stage has been reached. The two chief centres of sun worship in Babylonia were Sipp ... more details
The Persian Princess or Persian Mummy is a mummy of an alleged Persian Empire Persian princess that surfaced in Balochistan Pakistan Pakistani Baluchistan in October 2000. After huge publicity and further investigation, the mummy proved to be an archaeological forgery and possibly a murder victim. Discovery The mummy was found October 19, 2000. Pakistani authorities received a tip that one Ali Aqbar had videotape that showed he had a mummy for sale. Aqbar led the police to the house of tribal leader Wali Mohammed Reeki in Kharan in Baluchistan near the border of Afghanistan . Reeki told them that he had received it from an Iran ian named Sharif Shah Bakhi who had said that he had found it after an earthquake near Quetta . The mummy had been in sale in the black antiquities market for equivalent to 11 30 million. Reeki and Aqbar were accused of violating the country s Antiquities Act with a possible ten years in prison. Identification In a press conference on October 26, archaeologist Ahmad Hasan Dani of Islamabad s Quaid e Azam University announced that the mummy seemed to be a princess dated circa 600 BC. The mummy was wrapped in ancient Egypt ian style and rested in a gilded wooden coffin with Cuneiform script cuneiform carvings inside a stone sarcophagus . The coffin had been carved with a large faravahar image. The mummy was atop a layer of mixture of wax and honey and was covered by a stone slab and it had a golden crown on its brow. An inscription on the golden chest plate claimed that she was the relatively unknown Rhodugune , a daughter of king Xerxes I of Persia and a member of the Achaemenid dynasty . Archaeologists speculated that she might have been an Egyptian princess married to a Persian prince or a daughter of Cyrus the Great of Achaemenid dynasty of Persia. However, because mummification had been primarily Egyptian practice, they had not encountered any mummies in Persia before. Ownership The governments of Iran and Pakistan soon began to argue abou ... more details
File Huitzilopochtli telleriano.jpg thumb 300 px Huitzilopochtli, Aztec god of Tenochtitlan. Avian humanoids people with the characteristics of birds are a common motif literature motif in mythology , folklore and popular fiction . In myth and legend Myth Alkonost , Gamayun and Sirin from Russian mythology The winged gods Zu mythology Anzu Zu , Siris goddess Siris , Shedu Lammasu Shedu from Mesopotamian mythology Angel s in Judeo Christian mythology are often portrayed as winged humans The Faravahar of Zoroastrianism The Garuda , eagle man mount of Vishnu in Hindu mythology , was pluralized into a class of bird like beings in Buddhist mythology The gods Horus and Thoth from Ancient Egyptian mythology were often depicted as humans with the heads of a falcon and an ibis , respectively. Huitzilopochtli , the left handed hummingbird god of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan Karura in Japanese folklore Lei Gong , a China Chinese thunder god, often depicted as a Garuda like bird man The second people of the world in Valley and Sierra Miwok Southern Sierra Miwok mythology, as reported by Barrett Ref Barrett Nike mythology Nike , Anemoi Boreas Boreas , Eros mythology Eros and the Gorgon sisters from Greek mythology are all depicted with birdlike wings. Also the Siren s and Harpy Harpies were often represented as half human half bird. Ref Mortale Tangata manu of Easter Island , often depicted as a Frigate bird Human hybrid Folklore The Swan maiden s found in the folktale s of various cultures The Tengu of Japanese folklore , monstrous forest and mountain dwelling humanoids often possessing the wings, claws and sometimes the beak of a bird. Cryptozoology Owlman in Cornwall In fiction Examples of avian humanoids in science fiction and fantasy fiction include Literature The winged people of Normnbdsgrsutt in Robert Paltock s utopian fantasy Peter Wilkins 1750 , including Youwarkee, whom Peter marries. The Flock from Maximum Ride . The bird people of Brontitall , led by The Wise Old ... more details
about the Zoroastrian community of the Indian subcontinent Parsi disambiguation Infobox Ethnic group group Parsis image poptime 110,000 Demographics sup sup for details and sources, see Demographics section langs Gujarati language Gujarati , English language English rels Image Faravahar Gold.svg 39px Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism Image Parsi navjote sitting.jpg thumb right 250px Parsi people Parsi Navjote ceremony The Navjote lang fa , Sedreh pushi ceremony is the ritual through which an individual is inducted into the Zoroastrianism Zoroastrian religion and begins to wear the Sedreh and Kushti . The term navjote is used primarily by the Zoroastrians of India the Parsi s , while sedreh pushi is used primarily by the Zoroastrians of Iran. Zoroastrians from Pakistan consisting of both Parsi s and Irani India Iranis use both terms. The word navjote is a Latinized form of the Gujarati language Dialects Parsi Gujarati compound of nav new and jote reciter of prayer , invoker , sacrificer . The second half of the word is&mdash via Zoroastrian Middle Persian zot &mdash an indirect continuation of Avestan zaotar , with z eventually becoming j because z is not upheld in Gujarati. The Persian term Sedreh pushi translates to Putting on the sedreh, a reference to the main component of the ritual. Age Although there is no upper limit to the age of the individual for which the ceremony takes place, in common practice it occurs before a girl or boy reaches maturity. Under no circumstances is it permitted to be done for a child less than seven years of age since the child is expected to comprehend the significance of the event. In Vendidad 18.54, individuals above the age of 15 once considered the age at which one attained adulthood who are not yet been invested are said to be likely to fall into evil ways. In the 9th 12th century texts of Zoroastrian tradition, the same group are said to be kushad davarashni , literally running about improperly clothed . So for instance Me ... more details
elements from the location. The first design of Persepolis crest used the Faravahar , an ancient Iran Persian and Zoroastrian symbol. Citation needed date September 2011 The Faravahar is a man with falcon wings, each with three feathers. Faravahar looks toward and rises its hand toward Ahura Mazda ... more details
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