Farinfraredlaser FIR laser , terahertz laser is a laser with output wavelength in farinfrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum , between 30 1000 m 300 GHz 10 THz . It is one of the possible sources of terahertz radiation . FIR lasers have application in terahertz time domain spectroscopy , terahertz imaging as well in fusion plasma physics diagnostics. They can be used to detect explosive s and chemical warfare agent s, by the means of infrared spectroscopy or to evaluate the plasma densities by the means of interferometry techniques. FIR lasers typically consist of a long 1 3 meters waveguide filled with gaseous organic molecules, optically laser pumping pumped or via HV discharge. They are highly inefficient, often require helium cooling, high magnetic fields, and or are only line tunable. Efforts to develop smaller solid state alternatives are under way. The p Ge p type germanium laser is a tunable, solid state, farinfraredlaser which has existed for over 25 years ref see photo 3 on http spie.org x39922.xml ref . It operates in crossed electric and magnetic fields at liquid helium temperatures. Wavelength selection can be achieved by changing the applied electric magnetic fields or through the introduction of intracavity elements. Quantum cascade laser QCL is a construction of such alternative. It is a solid state semiconductor laser that can operate continuously with output power of over 100 mW and wavelength of 9.5 m. A prototype was already demonstrated. http dx.doi.org 10.1126 science.264.5158.553 and potential use shown http www.brightsurf.com news headlines view.article.php?ArticleID 20538 . Free electron laser s can also operate on farinfrared wavelengths. Femtosecond Ti sapphire laser Ti sapphire modelocking mode locked lasers are also being used to generate very short pulses that can be optical rectification optically rectified to produce a terahertz pulse. References Reflist Category Terahertz technology Category Laser types electronics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 Farinfrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that deals with objects visible in farinfrared radiation extending from 30 m towards submillimeter wavelengths around 450 m . In the farinfrared, stars are not especially bright, but we can see emission from very cold matter 140 Kelvins or less that is not seen at shorter wavelengths. Huge, cold clouds of gas and dust in Milky Way our own galaxy , as well as in nearby galaxy galaxies , glow in farinfrared light. In some of these clouds, new stars are just beginning to form. Farinfrared observations can detect these protostar s long before they turn on visibly by sensing the heat they radiate as they contract. The center of our galaxy also shines brightly in the farinfrared These emissions are from dust in circumstellar shell s around numerous old red giant stars. These stars heat up the dust and cause it to glow brightly in the infrared . Except for the plane of our own Milky Way galaxy , the brightest farinfrared object in the sky is central region of a galaxy called Messier 82 . The nucleus of M82 radiates as much energy in the farinfrared as all of the stars in our galaxy combined. This farinfrared energy comes from dust heated by a source that is hidden from view. The central regions of most galaxies shine very brightly in the farinfrared. Many galaxies Active galaxy active ... cloud interstellar dust clouds . These galaxies, far outshine all others galaxies in the farinfrared. The Earth s atmosphere is opaque over most of the farinfrared, so that ground based observations ... Maxwell Telescope , the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory , and the Submillimeter Array . Most farinfrared astronomy is performed by satellites such as the Herschel Space Observatory , Spitzer Space Telescope Spitzer , IRAS , and Infrared Space Observatory ISO . Future missions will include ASTRO F and the airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy SOFIA telescope. See also Infrared ... more details
. Forward looking infrared FLIR systems use this area of the spectrum. Sometimes also called the farinfrared. Farinfrared FIR 15 1,000 m see also farinfraredlaser . NIR and SWIR is sometimes ... m align left Mid Infrared align center MIR align center 3 50 m align left FarInfrared ... Edu Regions irregions.html title Near, Mid and FarInfrared publisher NASA ipac accessdate 2007 ... m align left Mid Infrared align center MIR align center 5 to 25 40 m align left FarInfrared ... eye , mid and farinfrared are progressively further from the visible spectrum . Other definitions ... T ray imaging, which is imaging using farinfrared or terahertz radiation. Lack of bright sources makes .... Main infrared astronomy farinfrared astronomy Astronomers observe objects in the infrared portion ... in mid infrared thermal light false color Infrared IR light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength ... when they change their Infrared spectroscopy rotational vibrational movements. Sunlight at zenith ..., 527 watts is infrared radiation, 445 watts is visible light , and 32 watts is ultraviolet ... by .jpg thumb Beta Pictoris as seen in infrared. Infrared imaging is used extensively for military ... sensing, short ranged wireless communication , spectroscopy , and weather forecasting . Infrared ... title IR Astronomy Overview publisher NASA Infrared Astronomy and Processing Center accessdate ... micrometers , as shown by Wien s displacement law . At the atom ic level, infrared energy elicits vibration .... Infrared spectroscopy examines absorption and transmission of photon s in the infrared energy range ... www.cem.msu.edu reusch VirtualText Spectrpy InfraRed infrared.htm title Infrared Spectroscopy publisher ..., the Latin infra meaning below . Red is the color of the longest wavelengths of visible light. Infrared ..., hence the literal meaning of below red. Different regions in the infrared Refimprove section date July 2006 Objects generally emit infrared radiation across a spectrum of wavelengths, but sometimes ... more details
visible light , hence infraredlaser , ultraviolet laser , X ray laser , and so on. Because the microwave predecessor of the laser, the maser , was developed first, devices of this sort operating ... to the laser, but amplifying microwave radiation rather than infrared or visible radiation. Townes ... Schawlow , then at Bell Labs , began a serious study of the infraredlaser. As ideas developed, they abandoned ... cavity. That laser produces 1064 nm infrared light which is mainly confined inside the resonator. Also ... laser operating at infrared wavelengths strongly absorbed by water bearing tissues. The Ho YAG ... sapphire Ti sapphire laser Ti sapphire produces a highly tunable laser tunable infraredlaser, commonly ..., 106 115 ref ref Dalrymple BE. Visible and infrared luminescence in documents excitation by laser ...Other uses pp semi small yes Infobox Product title Laser image Image Military laser experiment.jpg center 250px caption United States Air Force laser experiment inventor Charles Hard Townes launch year 1960 company available Worldwide current supplier last production notes File Laser play.jpg 250px thumb Laser beams in fog, reflected on a car windshield A laser is a device that emits light electromagnetic ... s. The term laser originated as an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation ... laser title laser publisher Reference.com ref The emitted laser light is notable for its high degree ... diffraction limited , often a so called pencil beam. Laser beams can be focused to very tiny spots ... , infrared , microwaves , radio waves . Bottom enlargement of visible spectrum from violet 400nm to red 700nm . The word laser started as an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission ... , the laser was called an optical maser this term is now obsolete. ref cite web title Schawlow and Townes invent the laser publisher Lucent Technologies year 1998 url http www.bell labs.com about history laser accessdate 2006 10 24 ref A laser which produces light by itself is technically an optical ... more details
wiktionarypar far selfref For Wikipedia s featured article review process, see Wikipedia Featured article review . Far or FAR may refer to TOCright Organizations Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, part of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Argentina , a guerrilla group in Argentina Forces Arm es Rwandaises, the Rwandan Armed Forces Forces Arm es Royales , the Moroccan Army Fund for Armenian Relief Rebel Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes Rebel Armed Forces , the first guerilla organization in Guatemala FAR Rabat , a Moroccan football club FAR Tracteurs FAR , a French truck manufacturer http forum.alpinerenault.com FAR , acronym of Forum Alpine Renault, fully dedicated to all Alpine and Renault Sport cars fans Science, technology, and medicine Farinfrared astronomy Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer , a space based telescope False accept rate in biometrics Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC First Assessment Report 1990 The First Assessment Report of the IPCC Architecture and planning Floor Area Ratio Floor Space Index , a measurement of building density Transportation Fargo Amtrak station , North Dakota s Amtrak station code FAR Federal Aviation Regulations Hector International Airport in Fargo, North Dakota IATA airport code Television, film, and music Far band , rock band from California Far album , the fifth studio album from musician Regina Spektor FAR chart , Freeform American Roots radio chart Computers FAR Manager , a Win32 Norton Commander clone Far pointer , in computer science Government Federal Acquisition Regulations Federal Aviation Regulations Floor Area Ratio , a measure of comparative urban density often used in the field of zoning Places Far East , or South and Southeast Asia Far Eastern Republic Far Eastern Federal District See also Distance Fars disambiguation Near disambiguation disambig da Far de FAR es Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias desambiguaci n eo FAR fr FAR ko FAR it FAR nl FAR ja FAR pl Far ... more details
not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote control s to command appliances. Free space optics Free space optical communication using infraredlaser ...Infrared lamps are electrical devices which emit infrared radiation. Infrared lamps have many uses, but are most commonly used in communication and heating. Infrared Heating main Infrared heater Infrared heating uses infrared lamps to transmit infrared radiation to the body that is being heated. When large bodies or bodies with a large surface area need to be heated, infrared lamps are often used in banks. Infrared heat lamps are commonly incandescent bulbs which are able to produce infrared radiation. Infrared lamps have many industrial applications including curing coatings and preparing plastic for forming, commercial applications such as cooking and browning food, and personal applications such as providing heat especially in bathrooms and for pets . Infrared Communication Image Blue infrared light.jpg thumb 300px right Infrared light from the LED of a remote control as seen by a digital camera. IR data transmission is also employed in short range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistant s. These devices usually conform to standards published by Infrared Data Association IrDA , the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light emitting diode s LEDs to emit infrared radiation which is focused by a plastic Lens optics ... . The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric Current ..., and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful ... at up to 4 gigabit s, compared to the cost of burying fiber optic cable. Infrared lasers are used to provide the light for optical fiber communications systems. Infrared light with a wavelength around ... silica fibers. See also Infrared Applications Infrared communications applications Category ... more details
is about 0.4 to 0.7 m, and 0.75 m to 1000 m 1 mm is a typical range for infrared astronomy , far ...File WyomingInfraRedObservatory.jpg thumb right 200px Wyoming Infrared Observatory WIRO is a ground based infrared telescope, at high elevation File SOFIA with open telescope doors.jpg thumb right 200px SOFIA is an infrared telescope in an aircraft, allowing high altitude observations An infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies. Infrared light is one of several ... of these are gamma ray, x ray, ultra violet, regular visible light optical , as well as infrared telescopes. Discoveries Leading to the Invention of the Infrared Telescope In 1800, William Herschel discovered infrared radiation. In 1878, Samuel Pierpoint Langley created the first bolometer. This was a very ... in the infrared spectrum. In the 1950 s, scientists used lead sulfide detectors to detect the infrared ..., Harold Johnson created near infrared photometers which allowed scientists to measure thousands of stars ..., led the way for current infrared telescope development. http www.ipac.caltech.edu Outreach Edu Timeline timeline2.html The three different types of infrared telescopes are ground based telescopes, air borne telescopes, and space telescopes. All three types of telescopes contain an infrared camera that must be cooled to hundreds of degrees below zero as well as a special solid state infrared ... telescopes were the first type of infrared telescopes to be used to observe outer space. Their popularity ... s atmosphere absorbs infrared radiation. Ground based infrared telescopes tend to be placed ... balloons to lift infrared telescopes to higher altitudes. With balloons, they were able to reach about 25 miles up. In 1967, infrared telescopes were placed on rockets. http www.ipac.caltech.edu Outreach Edu Timeline timeline2.html These were the first air borne infrared telescopes. A more recent air borne infrared telescope to reach the stratosphere was NASA s Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared ... more details
vibrational structure. The farinfrared, approximately 400 10 wavenumber cm sup 1 sup ... that has become available with the development of femtosecond infraredlaser pulses. In this experiment ... Applied spectroscopy Farinfrared astronomy Forensic chemistry Forensic engineering Forensic polymer ...For a table of IR spectroscopy data infrared spectroscopy correlation table Infrared spectroscopy IR spectroscopy is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum ... is a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometer . The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into three regions the near , mid and farinfrared, named for their relation to the visible spectrum. The higher energy near IR, approximately ... mathematics harmonic vibrations. The mid infrared, approximately 4000 400 cm sup 1 sup 2.5 ... based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties. Theory Infrared spectroscopy exploits .... Practical IR spectroscopy The infrared spectrum of a sample is recorded by passing a beam of infrared ... of 5 to 10 cm equipped with infrared windows at the both ends of the tube can be used for concentrations ... with a White cell spectroscopy White s cell in which the infrared light is guided with mirrors to travel ... publisher Wiley Blackwell ref The plates are transparent to the infrared light and do not introduce ... Schematics of a two beam absorption spectrometer. A beam of infrared light is produced, passed ... accurate spectra even if the intensity of the light source drifts over time. To take the infrared ... the sample. This technique is not perfectly reliable If the infrared lamp is a bit brighter ... of effects to give very accurate results. FTIR Main Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ... data which can be Fourier transform ed to get the actual spectrum. Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectroscopy is a measurement technique that allows one to record infrared spectra. Infrared light ... more details
Infobox Settlement See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage Basic info name Far an other name native name for cities whose native name is not in English nickname settlement type images and maps image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Yemen pushpin label position bottom pushpin mapsize 300 pushpin map caption Location in Yemen Location subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Yemen subdivision type1 Governorates of Egypt Governorate subdivision name1 Abyan Governorate subdivision type2 subdivision name2 Politics government footnotes government type leader title leader name established title Settled established date Area area magnitude unit pref Imperial Enter Imperial, if Imperial metric is desired area footnotes area total km2 ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion area land km2 See table Template Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion Population population as of population footnotes population note population total population density km2 population density sq mi population metro population density metro km2 population density metro sq mi General information timezone Yemen Standard Time utc offset 3 timezone DST utc offset DST latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far an is a village in south western Yemen . It is located in the Abyan Governorate . External links http www.tageo.com index e ym v 01.htm?Abyan Towns and villages in the Abyan Governorate Abyan geo stub Abyan Governorate coord missing Yemen Category Populated places in the Abyan Governorate ... more details
Infobox settlement name Far other name native name settlement type Village image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map pushpin label position right pushpin map caption Location in Saudi Arabia coordinates display inline,title coordinates region SA subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name flag Saudi Arabia subdivision type1 Provinces of Saudi Arabia Province subdivision name1 Al Madinah Province subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 timezone East Africa Time EAT utc offset 3 timezone DST East Africa Time EAT utc offset DST 3 latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far is a village in Al Madinah Province , in western Saudi Arabia . ref http geographic.org geographic names Geographic Names , National Geospatial Intelligence Agency , accessed 4 March, 2011 ref References Reflist Al Madinah Province coord 23 49 N 38 52 E display title region SA type city source GNS enwiki Category Populated places in Al Madinah Province SaudiArabia geo stub ... more details
Spectral Infrared Countermeasure MUSIC that will similarly use active laser s instead of flare countermeasure ... false heat targets An infrared countermeasure IRCM is a device designed to protect aircraft from infrared homing heat seeking missiles by confusing the missiles infrared guidance system so that they will miss ... the years to be lighter, more portable, and more reliable, but the basic principle is the same. Infrared missile seeker technology see also Infrared homing Infrared missile seekers of the first generation typically used a spinning reticle with a pattern on it that modulates infrared energy before ... the infrared source of energy is relative to the missile direction of flight. In more recent designs ... right thumb A ALQ 144 modulated IRCM jammer. Infrared seekers are designed to track a strong source of infrared radiation usually a jet engine in modern military aircraft . IRCM systems are based on modulated source of infrared radiation with a higher intensity than the target. When this modulated ..., rapidly breaking lock. Once an infrared seeker breaks lock they typically have a field of view ... can cause the confused seeker to lock onto a new infrared source that is rapidly moving away from ... The Infrared & Electro Optical Systems Handbook. Countermeasure Systems, Volume 7 ref Drawbacks of IRCM One of the drawbacks of standard IRCM systems is that they broadcast a bright source of infrared ... DIRCM , or Directional Infrared Countermeasures, avoid this potential drawback by mounting the energy ... ref Defeating advanced tracking systems requires a higher level of DIRCM power. Issues of Laser ... field laser defense system for chinook helicopters ?ref news science title1 Soldier deploys to Iraq to help field laser defense system for Chinook helicopters ref Department of the Navy Large Aircraft Countermeasures DoN LAIRCM provides infrared threat protection for U.S. Marine Corps CH 53E, CH ... Grumman to Provide Infrared Missile Warning Systems and Processors to the U.S. Navy for Heavy ... more details
light and farinfrared is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer, farinfrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size ... camera or filter designs. Cameras sensitive to farinfrared including those used in infrared astronomy ... thermographic digital cameras extend the spectral range less far into infrared. These cameras ... Top tree photographed in the near infrared range. Bottom same tree in the Visible spectrum ... Infrared image of the Mississippi River crossed by a bridge and a dam, between red foliage on left, and blue parking lots and buildings on right In infrared photography , the film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light. The part of the visible spectrum spectrum used is referred to as near infrared to distinguish it from farinfrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging . Wavelength s used for photography range from about 700 nanometre nm to about 900 nm. Usually an infrared filter is used this lets infrared IR light pass through to the camera , but blocks all or most of the visible ... are used together with infrared sensitive film or sensors, very interesting in camera effect s can ... seen in infrared photographs. The effect is named after the infrared photography pioneer Robert W. Wood , and not after the material wood, which does not strongly reflect infrared. The other attributes of infrared photographs include very dark skies and penetration of atmospheric haze .... The dark skies, in turn, result in less infrared light in shadows and dark reflections of those skies ... 20th century, infrared photography was not possible because silver halide emulsions are not sensitive ... title Chemistry of Photography accessdate 2006 11 28 ref The first infrared photographs as distinct ... Years of Infrared author volume 148 issue 10 publisher Royal Photographic Society pages 571 date Dec ... thus, most of his work focused on landscapes. A further set of infrared landscapes taken by Wood ... more details
wavelengths. The farinfrared extends to submillimeter wavelengths, which are observed by telescopes ... in the mid infrared and farinfrared regions of the spectrum. To achieve higher angular resolution ... launched. ref name werner See also NICMOS , Spitzer Space Telescope See also Farinfrared astronomy ...File Carina Nebula in infrared light captured by the Hubble Space Telescope .jpg thumb 300px Carina Nebula in infrared light captured by the Hubble Space Telescope Hubble s Wide Field Camera 3. Infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies astronomical object s visible in infrared IR radiation. The wavelength of infrared light ranges from 0.75 to 300 micrometers. Infrared ... radiation submillimeter waves. Infrared astronomy began in the 1830s, a few decades after the discovery of infrared light by William Herschel in 1800. Early progress was limited, and it was not until ... and Moon were detected in infrared light. After a number of discoveries were made in the 1950s and 1960s ... wavelength range, and modern infrared astronomy was established. Infrared and optical astronomy are often ... effective over a wavelength range that includes both visible and infrared light. Both fields also use ... used are different. Infrared light is absorption electromagnetic radiation absorb ed at many wavelengths by water vapor in the Earth s atmosphere , so most infrared telescopes are at high elevations in dry places, above as much of the atmosphere as possible. There are also infrared observatories ... with open telescope doors.jpg thumb right 200px SOFIA is an infrared telescope in an aircraft, shown here in a 2009 test The discovery of infrared radiation is attributed to William Herschel, who ... at infrared wavelengths was due to the spectral index of the prism rather than properties of the Sun ... bio.html title Herschel Discovers Infrared Light accessdate 2010 04 09 ref Efforts were made starting in the 1830s and continuing through the 19th century to detect infrared radiation from other astronomical ... more details
unreferenced date December 2008 Infrared thermometers infer temperature using a portion of the thermal ... called laser thermometers if a laser is used to help aim the thermometer, or non contact thermometers ... of infrared energy emitted by the object and its emissivity , the object s temperature can be determined ... possibilities. The most basic design consists of a lens to focus the infrared thermal radiation ... temperature measurement from a distance without contact with the object to be measured. As such, the infrared ... temperature gradient on the object s surface. Infrared thermometers can be used to serve a wide variety ... and development or manufacturing quality control situations There are many varieties of infrared ... measurement error is acceptable. The most common infrared thermometers are the Spot Infrared Thermometer or Infrared Pyrometer , which measures the temperature at a spot on a surface actually ... thermometers, includes Infrared Scanning Systems scan a larger area, typically by using what is essentially ... and paper, or continuous piles of material along a conveyor belt. Infrared Thermal Imaging Cameras or Thermographic camera Infrared Cameras are essentially infrared radiation thermometers that measure ... using infrared film and suitable lens, etc., is also called an infrared camera . Gallery gallery Image ... A medical IR thermometer in use, with the light indicating the measured area. Image Infrared thermometer.JPG ... http www.landinst.com infrared LAND Infrared Thermometers http www.raytek.com Raytek en r0 IREducation Infrared Principles & Advantages of Using Infrared Thermometers from www.raytek.com http www.infraspection.com ... for Infrared Thermography http www.ukta.org UK Thermography Association http www.omega.com prodinfo infraredthermometer.html Introduction to Infrared Thermometers Omega http www.irapps.com Applications of Infrared Thermometers and Thermal Imagers a free online compilation of applications from various ... since the mid 1990s http www.tempsensor.net Self submission, free database with listings for infrared ... more details
light with glare is emitted medium infrared for the range between 1400 nm and 3000 nm farinfrared or dark emitters for everything above 3000 nm. File Carbon heater.jpg thumb right A household infrared electric heater Elements of infrared heaters Infrared heaters use either a fuel to heat an emitter, or an electrically heated Electrical filament filament as the emitting body. An infrared ... of the tube wall to increases, this causes the silicon oxygen bond to radiate farinfrared ...An infrared heater is a body with a higher temperature which transfers energy to a body with a lower ... of the infrared radiation ranges from 780 nm to 1 mm. The relationship between ... the two bodies is needed for the energy transfer. A rough classification of infrared heaters is connected to wavelength bands of major emission of the energy short wave or near infrared for the range ... light bulb . The most common filament material used for electrical infrared heaters is tungsten ... filament. Industrial infrared heaters sometimes use a gold coating on the Quartz Heating Element quartz tube that reflects the infrared radiation and directs it towards the product to be heated. Consequently the infrared radiation impinging on the product is virtually doubled. Gold is used because of its oxidation resistance and very high IR reflectivity of approximately 95 . Types of infrared heaters Infrared heaters are commonly used in infrared modules or emitter banks combining several heaters to achieve larger heated areas. Infrared heaters are usually classified by the wavelength they emit. Near infrared NIR or short wave infrared heaters operate at high filament temperatures ... wave and carbon CIR infrared heaters operate at filament temperatures of around 1000 C. They reach maximum power densities of up to 60 kW m medium wave and 150 kW m CIR . Farinfrared heaters are typically used in low temperature infrared sauna s. Heat lamps A heat lamp is an incandescent ... more details
Infrared may mean The infrared range of light. Infrared spectroscopy subset of spectroscopy Infrared record label , a UK based record label. Infra red song , a song by the band Placebo band Placebo . Disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2008 Mergeto Infrared Data Association date October 2008 An infrared port is a Computer port hardware port that can send and receive data using infrared light, usually using the Infrared Data Association IrDA protocol. Infrared ports were once common on laptop computers, PDA s, and cell phone s, but are being displaced by Radio frequency RF technologies, such as Bluetooth . They are still common in remote controllers of various home and office equipment, such as televisions, DVD players, amplifiers etc. External links http www.netlingo.com word infrared port.php netlingo.com definition. Category Computer peripherals Technology stub cs Infra erven port sk IrDA port ... more details
Infrared cirrus are filamentary structures seen in infrared light. The name is given because the structure looks cloud like in appearance. First detected by the IRAS Infrared Astronomy Satellite at wavelengths of 60 and 100 micrometres. See also Cosmic infrared background radiation External links http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0507587 Molecular Hydrogen in Infrared Cirrus , Kristen Gillmon, J. Michael Shull, 2006 Abstract http arxiv.org pdf astro ph 0507587 PDF Paper http www.sofia.usra.edu Science science cases dowell v2.pdf The Physics of Infrared Cirrus , C. Darren Dowell, Roger H. Hildebrand, Alex Lazarian, Michael W. Werner, Ellen Zweibel DEFAULTSORT Infrared Cirrus Category Interstellar media astronomy stub de Infrarot Cirrus fr Cirrus infrarouge zh ... more details
, and is emitted directly to space there is also partial window transmission in farinfrared spectral lines between about 16 and 28 m. Clouds are excellent emitters of infrared radiation. Window ... potential, defined only by one factor, the wavelength. The importance of the infrared atmospheric ... line by line computations are possible, and careful studies of the infrared atmospheric window have been published. Kinetics of the infrared atmospheric window The infrared atmospheric window is a path ... in the infrared atmospheric window The infrared absorptions of the principal natural greenhouse ..., Kunde, V.G., Prabhakara, C., Revah, I, Salomonson, V.V., Wolford, G. 1972 . The Nimbus 4 infrared .... ref . Importance for life Without the infrared atmospheric window, the Earth would become much too ... habitability habitable planet . Threats In recent decades, the existence of the infrared atmospheric ... Window DEFAULTSORT Infrared Window Category Atmosphere Atmospheric window Category Climate ... more details
The term infrared signature is used by Military science defense scientists and the military to describe the appearance of objects to infrared sensors . An infrared signature depends on many factors, including ... estimation of solid angle subtended by complex well resolved surfaces for infrared detection ..., Gaitonde, U.N., & Marathe A.G. 2001 Numerical studies of infrared signature levels of complete aircraft ..., & Rao, G.A. 2009 Study of sunshine, skyshine, and earthshine for aircraft infrared detection, Journal ... infrared signatures , AIAA Journal of Aircraft , v. 42 4 , pp. 1046 1054. ref and the waveband of the detecting sensor. As such there is no all encompassing definition of infrared signature nor any trivial means of measuring it. For example the infrared signature of a truck viewed against a field will vary significantly with changing weather, time of day and engine loading. Infrared stealth is an area of stealth technology aimed at reducing infrared signatures. ref Mahulikar, S.P., Sonawane, H.R., & Rao, G.A. 2007 Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles , Progress in Aerospace Sciences , v. 43 7 8 , pp. 218 245. ref This reduces a platform s susceptibility to infrared guided weapons and infrared surveillance sensors, ref Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P. 2005 New criterion for aircraft susceptibility to infrared homing missiles , Aerospace Science & Technology , v. 9 8 , pp. 701 712. ref and thus increases the platform s overall survivability. Infrared stealth is particularly ..., S.P., Rao, G.A., Sane, S.K., & Marathe, A.G. 2005 Aircraft plume infrared signature in nonafterburning ..., S.K. 2008 Infrared signature suppression of helicopter engine duct based on conceal and camouflage ... soldiers. A military aim in studying infrared signatures is to understand the likely infrared signature of threats and develop the equipment required to detect them and to reduce the infrared ... with sensors to detect the exhaust plumes of incoming anti ship missile s while also having an infrared ... more details
Infrared vision can be defined as the capability of biological or artificial systems to detect infrared ... in this context since infrared emissions from a body are directly related to their temperature hotter objects emit more energy in the infrared spectrum than colder ones. The human body, as well as many ... environment. Since hotter objects emit more infrared energy than colder ones, it is relatively easy to identify them with an infrared detector , day or night. Hence, the term night vision is also used sometimes misused in the place of infrared vision , since one of the original purposes in developing ... . ref However, night vision concerns the ability to see in the dark although not necessarily in the infrared ... HowStuffWorks . ref light intensifiers or infrared vision. The former technology uses a photocathode to convert light in the visible or near infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum to electrons, amplify the signal and transform it back to photons. Infrared vision on the other hand, uses an infrared detector working at mid or long wavelengths invisible to the human eye to capture the heat emitted by an object. The infrared spectrum Image Infrared spectrum.gif thumb right 400px The infrared bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. The entire electromagnetic spectrum highlighting the infrared ... from one author to another, ref Hudson R. D. 1969, Infrared System Engineering , John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA. ref ref Piotrowski J. and Rogalski A. 2004, Uncooled Long Wavelength Infrared Photon Detectors , Infrared Phys. Technol., 46 115 131. ref ,. ref Rogalski A. and Chrzanowski K. 2002, Infrared .... 2004, Infrared Imaging and Open Heart Surgery, from InfraredThermography.com by Advanced Infrared ... of the atmospheric transmittance windows, i.e. the wavelengths regions in which infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere, the detector materials used to build the infrared sensors and the main applications. In this way, the Near Infrared NIR band is mostly used in fiber ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some film scanner s and flatbed scanner s to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished image scanning scan . It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible colour channels red, green, and blue . This infrared channel can be used to automatically remove the appearance of dust and scratches in the visible channels and replace them by inpainting . Approaches Scanners use three different techniques for doing this Nikon film scanners ... infrared light source. At each scan position, the scanner uses an RGB linear array to scan the film in RGB and RGB Infrared. This is as fast as the Nikon approach, since only one physical pass over ..., an RGB light source and an infrared light source. These scanners make two passes over the film once for RGB and once for infrared. This is slower than the Nikon or Minolta approach, since two passes ... quality. Applicability The three color dyes in modern color film emulsions respond equally to infrared light, so the infrared image looks relatively opaque compared to the RGB image. Any dust spots or scratches appear as dark spots in infrared, making it easy to find and correct for these dust spots. Kodachrome film dyes are more sensitive to infrared than Ektachrome film dyes, making it more ... s ref http www.silverfast.com highlights isrd en.html ref , claim to use infrared cleaning to find dust spots even when scanning Kodachrome. Infrared cleaning doesn t work at all with silver halide ... particles respond equally in visible light and infrared light . History IBM originally developed and patented infrared cleaning, and subsequently licensed this patent to Applied Science Fiction ASF . Canon has a patent cross licensing agreement with IBM and was able to use the IBM s infrared cleaning ... developed infrared cleaning algorithms which are completely different from IBM s patented ... more details
An infrared excess is a measurement of an astronomical source, typically a star , that has a greater measured infrared radiative flux flux than expected by assuming the star is a blackbody radiation blackbody radiator . Infrared excesses are often the result of circumstellar dust and are common in young stellar object s and evolved stars on the asymptotic giant branch or Post AGB older . References cite book last Evans first Aneurin title The Dusty Universe publisher Ellis Horwood date 1993 pages 155 165 Category Observational astronomy astronomy stub de Infrarotexzess sk Infra erven prebytok zh ... more details
Infobox Film see Template Infobox film name Infrared Sightings image GDInfraredSightingsVHS.jpg caption Infrared Sightings video tape cover director Len Dell Amico br Larry Lachman producer Len Dell Amico br Larry Lachman music Grateful Dead distributor Trigon Productions released 1992 runtime 18 minutes country United States language English Infrared Sightings is a video by the Grateful Dead , consisting of computer animation and other imagery set to music from their album Infrared Roses . It was released on VHS video tape and on laserdisc in 1992 in film 1992 , and is 18 minutes long. Infrared Roses is known to fans as the all Drums and Space album . Produced by Grateful Dead sound designer Bob Bralove, it contains free form musical improvisation improvisational music recorded live at a number of different Dead concerts. The visuals for Infrared Sightings combine computer generated images, many of them abstract art abstract , with found footage that has been altered or edited in various ways. The video is therefore somewhat reminiscent of the light shows that were projected on large screens at many Grateful Dead concerts. Infrared Sightings on Allmovie The Allmovie entry for Infrared Sightings http allmovie.com cg avg.dll?p avg&sql 1 178339 erroneously states that the video includes the songs Truckin , Playing in the Band , Not Fade Away song Not Fade Away , Sugar Magnolia , and Friend of the Devil . As explained above, the soundtrack of Infrared Sightings actually is made up of sections of different performances of the free form musical improvisation known as Drums and Space ... Highrise Table Top Stomp part 3 Yes I Kandinsky music Infrared Roses Credits Musicians Jerry Garcia ... movie 178339 http www.deaddisc.com vi Infrared.htm Infrared Sightings at the Grateful Dead Family Database http www.lddb.com laserdisc.php?id 4389 Infrared Sightings at LaserDisc Database Scott, John ... Clip from Infrared Sightings on FritzPerlberg.com Grateful Dead Category Grateful Dead Category ... more details
refimprove date October 2009 File Infraszauna 001.jpg thumb The interior of an infrared sauna. An infrared sauna uses Infrared heater infrared heaters to emit infrared thermal radiation radiant heat which is absorbed directly into the human body, unlike traditional sauna s which heat the body indirectly via air or steam. Health benefit claims A study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis showed a reduction in pain, stiffness and fatigue during infrared sauna therapy, but these did not reach statistical significance. ref cite journal author Oosterveld FG, Rasker JJ, Floors M, et al. title Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A pilot study showing good tolerance, short term improvement of pain and stiffness, and a trend towards long term beneficial effects journal Clin. Rheumatol. volume 28 issue 1 pages 29 34 year 2009 month January pmid 18685882 doi 10.1007 s10067 008 0977 y ref Energy expenditure controversy Some infrared sauna proponents claim that the sauna is an effective method for considerably raising the rate of basal metabolic rate energy expenditure in the body. Proponents typically quote the Journal of the American Medical Association stating A moderately conditioned person can easily sweat off 500 grams in a sauna, consuming nearly 300 kcal, which is equivalent to running 2 3 miles. A heat conditioned person can easily sweat off 600 800 kcal with no adverse effects. While the weight of the water loss can be regained by drinking water, the calories consumed will not be. ref cite journal author Dean W title Effect of sweating journal JAMA volume 246 issue 6 pages 623 year 1981 month August pmid 7253113 doi url http jama.ama assn.org cgi reprint 246 6 623.pdf letter ref ref cite journal author Searle AJ title Effects of the sauna journal JAMA volume 247 issue 1 pages 28 year 1982 month January ... not increase body heat generation and calorie burn. References reflist DEFAULTSORT Infrared Sauna Category ... more details
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