Unreferenced date July 2007 Farinfraredastronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that deals with objects visible in farinfrared radiation extending from 30 m towards submillimeter wavelengths around 450 m . In the farinfrared, stars are not especially bright, but we can see emission from very cold matter 140 Kelvins or less that is not seen at shorter wavelengths. Huge, cold clouds of gas and dust in Milky Way our own galaxy , as well as in nearby galaxy galaxies , glow in farinfrared ... Array . Most farinfraredastronomy is performed by satellites such as the Herschel Space Observatory , Spitzer Space Telescope Spitzer , IRAS , and Infrared Space Observatory ISO . Future missions will include ASTRO F and the airborne Stratospheric Observatory for InfraredAstronomy SOFIA telescope. See also Infraredastronomy Category Astronomical imaging Category Observational astronomyastronomy stub zh ... clouds . In some of these clouds, new stars are just beginning to form. Farinfrared observations ... as they contract. The center of our galaxy also shines brightly in the farinfrared These emissions ... and cause it to glow brightly in the infrared . The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey BGPS Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey mapped the galaxy for the first time in the farinfrared. Except for the plane of our own Milky Way galaxy , the brightest farinfrared object in the sky is central region of a galaxy called Messier 82 . The nucleus of M82 radiates as much energy in the farinfrared as all of the stars in our galaxy combined. This farinfrared energy comes from dust heated by a source that is hidden from view. The central regions of most galaxies shine very brightly in the farinfrared. Many ... forming stars heating interstellar cloud interstellar dust clouds . These galaxies, far outshine all others galaxies in the farinfrared. The Earth s atmosphere is opaque over most of the farinfrared ... more details
radiation submillimeter waves. Infraredastronomy began in the 1830s, a few decades after the discovery of infrared light by William Herschel in 1800. Early progress was limited, and it was not until ... and Moon were detected in infrared light. After a number of discoveries were made in the 1950s and 1960s in radio astronomy , astronomer s realized the information available outside of the visible wavelength range, and modern infraredastronomy was established. Infrared and optical astronomy are often ... author Rieke, George H. title History of infrared telescopes and astronomy journal Experimental .......25..125R ref The field of infraredastronomy continued to develop slowly in the early 20th century ... to take notice, and infraredastronomy became well established as a subfield of astronomy. ref name rieke Modern infraredastronomyInfrared radiation with wavelengths just longer than visible ... wavelengths. The farinfrared extends to submillimeter wavelengths, which are observed by telescopes ... in the mid infrared and farinfrared regions of the spectrum. To achieve higher angular resolution ... Observatory for InfraredAstronomy and the Kuiper Airborne Observatory . These observatories ... infraredastronomyInfrared spectroscopy References reflist External links http coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu cosmic classroom ir tutorial Caltech IR tutorial Astronomy navbox DEFAULTSORT InfraredAstronomy Category Astronomical imaging Category Observational astronomy Category Infrared imaging bg ...File Carina Nebula in infrared light captured by the Hubble Space Telescope .jpg thumb 300px Carina Nebula in infrared light captured by the Hubble Space Telescope Hubble s Wide Field Camera 3. Infraredastronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies astronomical object s visible in infrared IR radiation. The wavelength of infrared light ranges from 0.75 to 300 micrometers. Infrared ... effective over a wavelength range that includes both visible and infrared light. Both fields also use ... more details
See also Kuiper Airborne Observatory InfraredastronomyFarinfraredastronomy References reflist External ... focus The Stratospheric Observatory for InfraredAstronomy SOFIA is a joint project of NASA and the German ... for infraredastronomy observations in the stratosphere at altitudes of about 41,000 feet about 12 ... carry nine instruments for infraredastronomy at wavelength s from 1 655 micrometre s and high speed optical astronomy at wavelength s from 0.3 1.1 micrometres. The main instruments are the FLITECAM, a near infrared camera covering 1 5 micrometres FORCAST, covering the mid infrared range of 5 40 micrometres, and HAWC, which spans the farinfrared in the range 40 300 micrometres. The other five infrared instruments are spectrometer s with various overlapping spectral ranges. ref cite ... observatory for infrared astronomy.shtml Stratospheric Observatory For InfraredAstronomy SOFIA ... 6 SOFIA Stratospheric Observatory For InfraredAstronomy , Moonfest 2009 by NASA Multimedia http www.dfrc.nasa.gov ... fr Stratospheric Observatory for InfraredAstronomy hr Stratosferska zvjezdarnica ... for InfraredAstronomy pl Stratosferyczne Obserwatorium Astronomii Podczerwonej ru SOFIA fi SOFIA ... related. SOFIA s telescope saw first light astronomy first light on May 26, 2010. SOFIA is the successor ... s atmosphere, which blocks some infrared wavelengths from reaching the ground. At the aircraft s cruising altitude, 85 of the full infrared range will be available. ref name krabbe cite conference ... with most large infrared telescopes. ref cite book first Daniel last Malacara coauthors ... layout has an f number of 19.7. A flat, tertiary, Dichroism dichroic mirror is used to deflect the infrared ... Proceedings, SPIE conference on Infrared Spaceborne remote Sensing X publisher Dordrecht, D. Reidel ... is by far the largest ever to be placed in an aircraft. For each mission one interchangeable science ... web url http www.nasa.gov pdf 380911main SOFIA QuickFacts.pdf title Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared ... more details
Farinfrared laser FIR laser , terahertz laser is a laser with output wavelength in farinfrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum , between 30 1000 m 300 GHz 10 THz . It is one of the possible sources of terahertz radiation . FIR lasers have application in terahertz time domain spectroscopy , terahertz imaging as well in fusion plasma physics diagnostics. They can be used to detect explosive s and chemical warfare agent s, by the means of infrared spectroscopy or to evaluate the plasma densities by the means of interferometry techniques. FIR lasers typically consist of a long 1 3 meters waveguide filled with gaseous organic molecules, optically laser pumping pumped or via HV discharge. They are highly inefficient, often require helium cooling, high magnetic fields, and or are only line tunable. Efforts to develop smaller solid state alternatives are under way. The p Ge p type germanium laser is a tunable, solid state, farinfrared laser which has existed for over 25 years ref see photo 3 on http spie.org x39922.xml ref . It operates in crossed electric and magnetic fields at liquid helium temperatures. Wavelength selection can be achieved by changing the applied electric magnetic fields or through the introduction of intracavity elements. Quantum cascade laser QCL is a construction of such alternative. It is a solid state semiconductor laser that can operate continuously with output power of over 100 mW and wavelength of 9.5 m. A prototype was already demonstrated. http dx.doi.org 10.1126 science.264.5158.553 and potential use shown http www.brightsurf.com news headlines view.article.php?ArticleID 20538 . Free electron laser s can also operate on farinfrared wavelengths. Femtosecond Ti sapphire laser Ti sapphire modelocking mode locked lasers are also being used to generate very short pulses that can be optical rectification optically rectified to produce a terahertz pulse. See also List of plasma physics articles References Reflist Category Terahertz technology ... more details
in orbit around the Sun. NASA image. Main infraredastronomyfarinfraredastronomy Astronomers ... allow people or animals to be observed without detection. In astronomy, imaging at infrared wavelengths ... , spectroscopy , and weather forecasting . Infraredastronomy uses sensor equipped telescopes ... publisher NASA InfraredAstronomy and Processing Center accessdate 2006 10 30 ref Humans at normal ... of the spectrum. This region is also called the thermal infrared. Farinfrared FIR 15 1,000 m see also farinfrared laser . NIR and SWIR is sometimes called reflected infrared while MWIR and LWIR ... center 3 50 m align left FarInfrared style text align center FIR style text align center 50 1000 m Astronomy division scheme Astronomers typically divide the infrared spectrum as follows ... title Near, Mid and FarInfrared publisher NASA ipac accessdate 2007 04 04 ref class wikitable style ... center 5 to 25 40 m align left FarInfrared style text align center FIR style text align center ... in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye , mid and farinfrared are progressively ... Terahertz radiation T ray imaging, which is imaging using farinfrared or terahertz radiation. Lack ... with sensitivity for infrared radiation between approximately 4.5 m and 50 m. Astronomy ... of optical astronomy . To form an image, the components of an infrared telescope need to be carefully ... from this handicap, and so outer space is considered the ideal location for infraredastronomy ... readily observed in the infrared. ref name ir astronomy Art history File Van Eyck Arnolfini ... phone . 1972 Common module program started by NVESD. 1978 Infrared imaging astronomy comes of age, observatories ... Black body radiation Hyperspectral imaging InfraredastronomyInfrared camera Infrared filter Infrared ...Other uses pp move vandalism small yes File Ir girl.png thumb right An image of two people in mid infrared thermal light false color File Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer first light image.jpg thumb ... more details
nuclei . ref name shu1982 ref name cox2000 Infraredastronomy Main InfraredastronomyInfraredastronomy deals with the detection and analysis of infrared radiation wavelengths longer than red ... 11 September 2003 title Why infraredastronomy is a hot topic publisher ESA url http www.esa.int ... at near infrared wavelengths. Main Optical astronomy Historically, optical astronomy, also called visible ... and near infrared radiation. Ultraviolet astronomy Main Ultraviolet astronomy Ultraviolet ... remnant Astronomy is a natural science that deals with the study of Astronomical object celestial ... and development of the universe . Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. Prehistoric cultures left behind astronomical artifacts such as the Egyptian astronomy Egyptian monuments , Nubian pyramids Nubian monuments and Stonehenge , and early civilizations such as the Babylonian astronomy Babylonians , Greek astronomy Greeks , Chinese astronomy Chinese , Indian astronomy Indians , Iranians ... of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry , celestial navigation , observational astronomy, the making of calendar s, and astrology , but professional astronomy is nowadays often ... astronomy split into observational astronomy observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring data from observations of celestial objects, which is then analyzed using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the development of computer ... each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results, and observations being used to confirm theoretical results. amateur astronomy Amateur astronomers have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries, and astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs ... . Astronomy is not to be confused with astrology , the belief system which claims that human affairs ... more details
wiktionarypar far selfref For Wikipedia s featured article review process, see Wikipedia Featured article review . Far or FAR may refer to TOCright Organizations Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, part of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Argentina , a guerrilla group in Argentina Forces Arm es Rwandaises, the Rwandan Armed Forces Forces Arm es Royales , the Moroccan Army Fund for Armenian Relief Rebel Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes Rebel Armed Forces , the first guerilla organization in Guatemala FAR Rabat , a Moroccan football club FAR Tracteurs FAR , a French truck manufacturer http forum.alpinerenault.com FAR , acronym of Forum Alpine Renault, fully dedicated to all Alpine and Renault Sport cars fans Science, technology, and medicine FarinfraredastronomyFar Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer , a space based telescope False accept rate in biometrics Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC First Assessment Report 1990 The First Assessment Report of the IPCC Architecture and planning Floor Area Ratio Floor Space Index , a measurement of building density Transportation Fargo Amtrak station , North Dakota s Amtrak station code FAR Federal Aviation Regulations Hector International Airport in Fargo, North Dakota IATA airport code Television, film, and music Far band , rock band from California Far album , the fifth studio album from musician Regina Spektor Computers FAR Manager , a Win32 Norton Commander clone Far pointer , in computer ... , a measure of comparative urban density often used in the field of zoning Places Far East , or South and Southeast Asia Far Eastern Republic Far Eastern Federal District See also Distance Fars disambiguation Near disambiguation disambig ca Far desambiguaci da Far de FAR es Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias desambiguaci n eo FAR fr Far ko FAR it FAR nl FAR pt FAR ja FAR pl Far ru tr Far ... more details
mm is a typical range for infraredastronomy , farinfraredastronomy , to submillimetre astronomy ... s Stratospheric Observatory for InfraredAstronomy SOFIA in May 2010. Together, United States ... Spitzer Space Telescope , 2003 See also Infraredastronomy List of largest infrared telescopes List of telescope types Notes references Category Telescope types Category Infrared imaging astronomy ...File WyomingInfraRedObservatory.jpg thumb right 200px Wyoming Infrared Observatory File SOFIA with open telescope doors.jpg thumb right 200px SOFIA is an infrared telescope in an aircraft, allowing high altitude observations An infrared telescope is a telescope that uses infrared light to detect celestial bodies. Infrared light is one of several types of radiation present in the electromagnetic spectrum ... visible light optical , as well as infrared telescopes. Discoveries Leading to the Invention of the Infrared Telescope In 1800, William Herschel discovered infrared radiation. In 1878, Samuel Pierpoint ... detect incredibly small changes in temperature in the infrared spectrum. In the 1950s, scientists used lead sulfide detectors to detect the infrared radiation from space. These detectors were cooled with liquid nitrogen . Between 1959 and 1961, Harold Johnson created near infrared photometer s which ... bolometer. This invention, cooled by liquid helium , led the way for current infrared telescope development. http www.ipac.caltech.edu Outreach Edu Timeline timeline2.html The three different types of infrared ... types of telescopes contain an infrared camera that must be cooled to hundreds of degrees below zero as well as a special solid state infrared detector. http coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu cosmic classroom ask astronomer faq obs.shtml Ground based telescopes were the first type of infrared telescopes ... have limitations because water vapor in the Earth s atmosphere absorbs infrared radiation. Ground based infrared telescopes tend to be placed on high mountains and in very dry climates to improve ... more details
to farinfrared including those used in infraredastronomy often require cooling, since all ... vs. Infrared 900nm LP Aerial Photography of Old Hickory Lake , TN . Taken from a passenger airplane within seconds apart using SONY H 9 Digital camera. In infrared photography , the film or image sensor used is sensitive to infrared light. The part of the visible spectrum spectrum used is referred to as near infrared to distinguish it from farinfrared, which is the domain of thermal imaging ... became useful to infraredastronomy . ref http adsabs.harvard.edu full 1934ApJ....79..183M Harvard paper, 1932 Early Infraredastronomy ref Infrared photography became popular with photography ... light is closest in wavelength to visible light and farinfrared is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The longer, farinfrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head ... extend the spectral range less far into infrared. These cameras are generally used for building inspection ... Top tree photographed in the near infrared range. Bottom same tree in the Visible spectrum ... Infrared image of the Mississippi River crossed by a bridge and a dam, between red foliage on left ... sensitive to visible light too, so an infrared passing filter is used this lets infrared IR ... thus looks black or deep red . Infrared filter , confusingly, may refer either to such a filter, or to one that blocks infrared but passes other wavelengths. When these band pass filter filters are used together with infrared sensitive film or sensors, very interesting in camera effect s can be obtained ... seen in infrared photographs. The effect is named after the infrared photography pioneer Robert W. Wood , and not after the material wood, which does not strongly reflect infrared. The other attributes of infrared photographs include very dark skies and penetration of atmospheric haze, caused by reduced ... skies, in turn, result in less infrared light in shadows and dark reflections of those skies from water ... more details
Infrared cirrus are filamentary structures seen in infrared light. The name is given because the structure looks cloud like in appearance. First detected by the IRAS InfraredAstronomy Satellite at wavelengths of 60 and 100 micrometres. See also Cosmic infrared background radiation External links http arxiv.org abs astro ph 0507587 Molecular Hydrogen in Infrared Cirrus , Kristen Gillmon, J. Michael Shull, 2006 Abstract http arxiv.org pdf astro ph 0507587 PDF Paper http www.sofia.usra.edu Science science cases dowell v2.pdf The Physics of Infrared Cirrus , C. Darren Dowell, Roger H. Hildebrand, Alex Lazarian, Michael W. Werner, Ellen Zweibel DEFAULTSORT Infrared Cirrus Category Interstellar media astronomy stub de Infrarot Cirrus fr Cirrus infrarouge zh ... more details
An infrared excess is a measurement of an astronomical source, typically a star , that has a greater measured infrared radiative flux flux than expected by assuming the star is a blackbody radiation blackbody radiator . Infrared excesses are often the result of circumstellar dust and are common in young stellar object s and evolved stars on the asymptotic giant branch or Post AGB older . References cite book last Evans first Aneurin title The Dusty Universe publisher Ellis Horwood date 1993 pages 155 165 Category Observational astronomyastronomy stub de Infrarotexzess lb Infraroutexzess sk Infra erven prebytok zh ... more details
light with glare is emitted medium infrared for the range between 1400 nm and 3000 nm farinfrared or dark emitters for everything above 3000 nm. File Carbon heater.jpg thumb right A household infrared electric heater Elements Infrared heaters use either a fuel to heat an emitter, or an electrically heated Electrical filament filament as the emitting body. An infrared lamp will protect ... . Farinfrared emitters FIR are typically used in the so called low temperature farinfrared sauna ..., heat and light, farinfrared emitters use low watt ceramic plates that remain cold, while still emitting farinfrared radiation. Heat lamps A heat lamp is an incandescent light bulb that is used ... the silicon oxygen bond to radiate farinfrared rays. Citation needed date November 2010 Quartz ... recent and produce high quality, long wave farinfrared heat, but the problem is they do not produce ... Farinfrared This expensive heating technology has been in use for years in the most expensive ... the heating elements always remain cold, farinfrared heaters enjoy a total absence of emissions and smell ... to the farinfrared radiation of the panels. Because farinfrared technology does not heat the air ... the farinfrared rays will feel warm in the room. Therefore, in the case of farinfrared space heater s, it is extremely important to make a study of the room and place the farinfrared panels directed ..., farinfrared heaters save energy compared to heaters that heat totally or partially like near and medium ... in the medium and farinfrared. This makes a careful selection of the right infrared heater ...An infrared heater is a body with a higher temperature which transfers energy to a body with a lower ... of the infrared radiation ranges from 780 nm to 1 mm. The relationship between ... the two bodies is needed for the energy transfer. A rough classification of infrared heaters is connected to wavelength bands of major emission of the energy short wave or near infrared for the range ... more details
issue 25 ref See also col begin col 3 Absorption spectroscopy Applied spectroscopy Farinfraredastronomy ... vibrational structure. The farinfrared, approximately 400 10 wavenumber cm sup 1 sup ... Infraredastronomy Microscopy Infrared microscopy Infrared microscopy Infrared spectroscopy correlation ...For a table of IR spectroscopy data infrared spectroscopy correlation table Infrared spectroscopy IR spectroscopy is the spectroscopy that deals with the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum ... is a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform infrared FTIR spectrometer . The infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is usually divided into three regions the near , mid and farinfrared, named for their relation to the visible spectrum. The higher energy near IR, approximately ... mathematics harmonic vibrations. The mid infrared, approximately 4000 400 cm sup 1 sup 2.5 ... based on the relative molecular or electromagnetic properties. Theory Infrared spectroscopy exploits ... results in an unexpected shift in energy and intensity of the bands. Practical IR spectroscopy The infrared spectrum of a sample is recorded by passing a beam of infrared light through the sample. When ... of very complex mixtures. Spectra issues with Infrared Flourescense are rare. Sample ... of the interest. A simple glass tube with length of 5 to 10 cm equipped with infrared ... the infrared light is guided with mirrors to travel through the gas. White s cells are available ... to the infrared light and do not introduce any lines onto the spectra. Solid samples ... spectrometer. A beam of infrared light is produced, passed through an interferometer not shown , and then split ... of the light source drifts over time. To take the infrared spectrum of a sample, it is necessary ... for example, what light source is used, what infrared detector is used, etc. . The reference measurement ... is not perfectly reliable if the infrared lamp is a bit brighter during the reference measurement ... more details
. The Very Long Wavelength Infrared VLIR band is used in spectroscopy and astronomy. Image IR detectors ...Infrared vision can be defined as the capability of biological or artificial systems to detect infrared ... in this context since infrared emissions from a body are directly related to their temperature hotter objects emit more energy in the infrared spectrum than colder ones. The human body, as well as many ... environment. Since hotter objects emit more infrared energy than colder ones, it is relatively easy to identify them with an infrared detector , day or night. Hence, the term night vision is also used sometimes misused in the place of infrared vision , since one of the original purposes in developing ... . ref However, night vision concerns the ability to see in the dark although not necessarily in the infrared ... HowStuffWorks . ref light intensifiers or infrared vision. The former technology uses a photocathode to convert light in the visible or near infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum to electrons, amplify the signal and transform it back to photons. Infrared vision on the other hand, uses an infrared detector working at mid or long wavelengths invisible to the human eye to capture the heat emitted by an object. The infrared spectrum Image Infrared spectrum.gif thumb right 400px The infrared bands in the electromagnetic spectrum. The entire electromagnetic spectrum highlighting the infrared ... from one author to another, ref Hudson R. D. 1969, Infrared System Engineering , John Wiley & Sons Inc., USA. ref ref Piotrowski J. and Rogalski A. 2004, Uncooled Long Wavelength Infrared Photon Detectors , Infrared Phys. Technol., 46 115 131. ref ,. ref Rogalski A. and Chrzanowski K. 2002, Infrared .... 2004, Infrared Imaging and Open Heart Surgery, from InfraredThermography.com by Advanced Infrared ... of the atmospheric transmittance windows, i.e. the wavelengths regions in which infrared radiation is better transmitted through the atmosphere, the detector materials used to build the infrared ... more details
Infobox settlement name Far other name native name settlement type Village image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Saudi Arabia pushpin label position right pushpin map caption Location in Saudi Arabia coordinates display inline,title coordinates region SA subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name flag Saudi Arabia subdivision type1 Provinces of Saudi Arabia Province subdivision name1 Al Madinah Province subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 timezone East Africa Time EAT utc offset 3 timezone DST East Africa Time EAT utc offset DST 3 latd 23 latm 49 lats latNS N longd 38 longm 52 longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far is a village in Al Madinah Province , in western Saudi Arabia . ref National Geospatial Intelligence Agency . GeoNames database entry. http geonames.nga.mil ggmagaz search Accessed 12 May 2011. ref References Reflist Al Madinah Province Category Populated places in Al Madinah Province SaudiArabia geo stub ... more details
Infobox Settlement See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage Basic info name Far an other name native name for cities whose native name is not in English nickname settlement type images and maps image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Yemen pushpin label position bottom pushpin mapsize 300 pushpin map caption Location in Yemen Location subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Yemen subdivision type1 Governorates of Egypt Governorate subdivision name1 Abyan Governorate Abyan subdivision type2 subdivision name2 Politics government footnotes government type leader title leader name established title Settled established date Area area magnitude unit pref Imperial Enter Imperial, if Imperial metric is desired area footnotes area total km2 ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion area land km2 See table Template Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion Population population as of population footnotes population note population total population density km2 population density sq mi population metro population density metro km2 population density metro sq mi General information timezone Yemen Standard Time utc offset 3 timezone DST utc offset DST latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far an is a village in south western Yemen . It is located in the Abyan Governorate . External links http www.tageo.com index e ym v 01.htm?Abyan Towns and villages in the Abyan Governorate Abyan geo stub Abyan Governorate coord missing Yemen Category Populated places in Abyan Governorate ... more details
problems, such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome . Only if the sauna uses farinfrared technology, the sauna ... humid hot air saunas. This is because farinfrared rays do not heat the air inside the sauna, but they still heat the body. However, most infrared saunas in the market do not use the expensive farinfrared panels, which can be touched because they remain always cold, but much the cheaper low and medium infrared heaters, which remain very hot when used and also heat the air of the sauna. Energy expenditure and weight loss Some infrared sauna proponents claim that the sauna is an effective method ...refimprove date October 2009 File Infraszauna 001.jpg thumb The interior of an infrared sauna. An infrared sauna uses Infrared heater infrared heaters to emit infrared thermal radiation radiant heat which is absorbed directly into the human body, unlike traditional sauna s which heat the body indirectly via air or steam. Health benefit claims A study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis showed a reduction in pain, stiffness and fatigue during infrared sauna therapy, but this could have been due only to chance i.e. not the sauna as these did not reach statistical significance. ref cite journal author Oosterveld FG, Rasker JJ, Floors M, et al. title Infrared sauna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. A pilot study showed good tolerance, short term improvement of pain and stiffness, and a trend towards long term beneficial effects journal Clin. Rheumatol. volume 28 issue 1 pages 29 34 year 2009 month January pmid 18685882 doi 10.1007 s10067 008 0977 y ref Another benefit claim is that since saunas increase perspiration, they purportedly liberate undisclosed toxins. Saunas have been recommended for this ostensible reason to people who are told they have high levels of toxicity in their body, although the supposed, offending toxins ... DEFAULTSORT Infrared Sauna Category Bathing Category Light therapy cs Infrasauna de Infrarotw rmekabine ... more details
Infrared may mean The infrared range of light. Infrared spectroscopy subset of spectroscopy Infrared record label , a UK based record label. Infra Red song , a song by the band Placebo band Placebo . Disambig ... more details
Infrared lamps are electrical devices which emit infrared radiation. Infrared lamps have many uses, but are most commonly used in communication and heating . Less common uses include illumination for use with night vision device s. Heating main Infrared heater Radiant heating Infrared heating uses infrared lamps, commonly called heat lamps to transmit infrared radiation to the body that is being heated. When large bodies or bodies with a large surface area need to be heated, infrared lamps are often used in banks. Infrared heat lamps are commonly incandescent bulbs which are able to produce infrared radiation. Infrared lamps have many industrial applications including curing coatings and preparing plastic for forming, commercial applications such as cooking and browning food, and personal applications such as providing heat especially in bathrooms and for pets . Communication Image Blue infrared light.jpg thumb 300px right Infrared light from the LED of a remote control as seen by a digital camera. IR data transmission is also employed in short range communication among computer peripherals and personal digital assistant s. These devices usually conform to standards published by Infrared Data Association IrDA , the Infrared Data Association. Remote controls and IrDA devices use infrared light emitting diode s LEDs to emit infrared radiation which is focused by a plastic Lens optics lens into a narrow beam. The beam is modulation modulated , i.e. switched on and off, to encode the data . The receiver uses a silicon photodiode to convert the infrared radiation to an electric Current electricity current . It responds only to the rapidly pulsing signal created by the transmitter, and filters out slowly changing infrared radiation from ambient light. Infrared communications are useful ... not interfere with other devices in adjoining rooms. Infrared is the most common way for remote control s to command appliances. See also Infrared Applications Infrared communications applications Category ... more details
in farinfrared spectral lines between about 16 and 28 m. Clouds are excellent emitters of infrared radiation. Window radiation from cloud tops arises at altitudes where the air temperature ... potential, defined only by one factor, the wavelength. The importance of the infrared atmospheric ... 3 21 1 26. ref Nowadays, accurate line by line computations are possible, and careful studies of the infrared atmospheric window have been published. Kinetics of the infrared atmospheric window The infrared ... spectral window. Mechanisms in the infrared atmospheric window The infrared absorptions of the principal .... 1972 . The Nimbus 4 infrared spectroscopy experiment. 1. Calibrated thermal emission spectra. Journal ... CA, ISBN 9780495555735. ref . Importance for life Without the infrared atmospheric window, the Earth ... of the infrared atmospheric window has become threatened by the development of highly unreactive ... tutorial irwindows.html IR Atmospheric Window DEFAULTSORT Infrared Window Category Atmosphere Atmospheric ... more details
The term infrared signature is used by Military science defense scientists and the military to describe the appearance of objects to infrared sensors . An infrared signature depends on many factors, including ... estimation of solid angle subtended by complex well resolved surfaces for infrared detection ..., Gaitonde, U.N., & Marathe A.G. 2001 Numerical studies of infrared signature levels of complete aircraft ..., & Rao, G.A. 2009 Study of sunshine, skyshine, and earthshine for aircraft infrared detection, Journal ... infrared signatures , AIAA Journal of Aircraft , v. 42 4 , pp. 1046 1054. ref and the waveband of the detecting sensor. As such there is no all encompassing definition of infrared signature nor any trivial means of measuring it. For example the infrared signature of a truck viewed against a field will vary significantly with changing weather, time of day and engine loading. Infrared stealth is an area of stealth technology aimed at reducing infrared signatures. ref Mahulikar, S.P., Sonawane, H.R., & Rao, G.A. 2007 Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles , Progress in Aerospace Sciences , v. 43 7 8 , pp. 218 245. ref This reduces a platform s susceptibility to infrared guided weapons and infrared surveillance sensors, ref Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P. 2005 New criterion for aircraft susceptibility to infrared homing missiles , Aerospace Science & Technology , v. 9 8 , pp. 701 712. ref and thus increases the platform s overall survivability. Infrared stealth is particularly ..., S.P., Rao, G.A., Sane, S.K., & Marathe, A.G. 2005 Aircraft plume infrared signature in nonafterburning ..., S.K. 2008 Infrared signature suppression of helicopter engine duct based on conceal and camouflage ... soldiers. A military aim in studying infrared signatures is to understand the likely infrared signature of threats and develop the equipment required to detect them and to reduce the infrared ... with sensors to detect the exhaust plumes of incoming anti ship missile s while also having an infrared ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 Infrared cleaning is a technique used by some film scanner s and flatbed scanner s to reduce or remove the effect of dust and scratches upon the finished image scanning scan . It works by collecting an additional infrared channel from the scan at the same position and resolution as the three visible colour channels red, green, and blue . This infrared channel can be used to automatically remove the appearance of dust and scratches in the visible channels and replace them by inpainting . Approaches Scanners use three different techniques for doing this Nikon film scanners ... infrared light source. At each scan position, the scanner uses an RGB linear array to scan the film in RGB and RGB Infrared. This is as fast as the Nikon approach, since only one physical pass over ..., an RGB light source and an infrared light source. These scanners make two passes over the film once for RGB and once for infrared. This is slower than the Nikon or Minolta approach, since two passes ... quality. Applicability The three color dyes in modern color film emulsions respond equally to infrared light, so the infrared image looks relatively opaque compared to the RGB image. Any dust spots or scratches appear as dark spots in infrared, making it easy to find and correct for these dust spots. Kodachrome film dyes are more sensitive to infrared than Ektachrome film dyes, making it more ... s ref http www.silverfast.com highlights isrd en.html ref , claim to use infrared cleaning to find dust spots even when scanning Kodachrome. Infrared cleaning doesn t work at all with silver halide ... particles respond equally in visible light and infrared light . History IBM originally developed and patented infrared cleaning, and subsequently licensed this patent to Applied Science Fiction ASF . Canon has a patent cross licensing agreement with IBM and was able to use the IBM s infrared cleaning ... developed infrared cleaning algorithms which are completely different from IBM s patented ... more details
Infobox Film see Template Infobox film name Infrared Sightings image GDInfraredSightingsVHS.jpg caption Infrared Sightings video tape cover director Len Dell Amico br Larry Lachman producer Len Dell Amico br Larry Lachman music Grateful Dead distributor Trigon Productions released 1992 runtime 18 minutes country United States language English Infrared Sightings is a video by the Grateful Dead , consisting of computer animation and other imagery set to music from their album Infrared Roses . It was released on VHS video tape and on laserdisc in 1992 in film 1992 , and is 18 minutes long. Infrared Roses is known to fans as the all Drums and Space album . Produced by Grateful Dead sound designer Bob Bralove, it contains free form musical improvisation improvisational music recorded live at a number of different Dead concerts. The visuals for Infrared Sightings combine computer generated images, many of them abstract art abstract , with found footage that has been altered or edited in various ways. The video is therefore somewhat reminiscent of the light shows that were projected on large screens at many Grateful Dead concerts. Infrared Sightings on Allmovie The Allmovie entry for Infrared Sightings http allmovie.com cg avg.dll?p avg&sql 1 178339 erroneously states that the video includes the songs Truckin , Playing in the Band , Not Fade Away song Not Fade Away , Sugar Magnolia , and Friend of the Devil . As explained above, the soundtrack of Infrared Sightings actually is made up of sections of different performances of the free form musical improvisation known as Drums and Space ... Highrise Table Top Stomp part 3 Yes I Kandinsky music Infrared Roses Credits Musicians Jerry Garcia ... movie 178339 http www.deaddisc.com vi Infrared.htm Infrared Sightings at the Grateful Dead Family Database http www.lddb.com laserdisc.php?id 4389 Infrared Sightings at LaserDisc Database Scott, John ... Clip from Infrared Sightings on FritzPerlberg.com Grateful Dead Category Grateful Dead Category ... more details
An infrared countermeasure IRCM is a device designed to protect aircraft from infrared homing heat seeking missiles by confusing the missiles infrared guidance system so that they will miss their target ..., more portable, and more reliable, but the basic principle is the same. Infrared missile seeker technology see also Infrared homing Infrared missile seekers of the first generation typically used a spinning reticle with a pattern on it that modulates infrared energy before it falls on a detector ... is the same. By modulating the signal, the steering logic can tell where the infrared source ... 144 modulated IRCM jammer. Infrared seekers are designed to track a strong source of infrared radiation ... of infrared radiation with a higher intensity than the target. When this modulated radiation is seen ... lock. Once an infrared seeker breaks lock they typically have a field of view of 1 2 degrees , they rarely ... seeker to lock onto a new infrared source that is rapidly moving away from the true target. The modulated ... source of radiation DIRCM . ref http www.dtic.mil srch doc?collection t3&id ADA364021 The Infrared ... of standard IRCM systems is that they broadcast a bright source of infrared. If the modulation ... , or Directional Infrared Countermeasures, avoid this potential drawback by mounting the energy source ... Infrared Countermeasure MUSIC that will similarly use active laser s instead of flare countermeasure ... DoN LAIRCM by Northrop Grumman provides infrared threat protection for U.S. Marine Corps ... 196013 Northrop Grumman to Provide Infrared Missile Warning Systems and Processors to the U.S. Navy for Heavy Lift Helicopter Fleets ref BAE Systems AN ALQ 212 advanced threat infrared countermeasures ATIRCM part of a directable infrared countermeasures suite is fielded on U.S. Army CH 47 Chinook helicopters. The suite provides protection against an array of threats, including all infrared threat bands. The AN ALQ 212 incorporates one or more infrared jam heads to counter multiple missile attacks ... more details
Refimprove date December 2007 Cleanup date December 2009 An infrared blaster or IR blaster is a device that emulates an infrared remote control to autonomously control a device that is normally controlled only by remote control key presses. The most common use of an IR blaster is to allow a recording device such as a digital video recorder DVR or video cassette recorder VCR to change the channel on an external tuner such as a cable box or satellite receiver. This way, the recording device can automatically select the correct channel to record before starting the recording process. Another common use is to extend infrared signals in order to place remote controlled products behind closed doors. gallery Image tivo irblaster small.jpg Example IR Blaster with standard 1 8 plug Image Ir blaster on cable box.jpg IR Blaster stuck to a cable tv tuner gallery References http www.mythtv.org wiki IR Blaster Using an IR Blaster with MythTV Unreferenced date March 2010 references Category Infrared technology tech stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
