Infobox Space telescope name FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer FUSE image Image FUSE prelaunch crop.jpg 250px FUSE in a pre launch clean room caption FUSE in a pre launch cleanroom organization Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory APL NASA major contractors alt names Explorer 77 br MIDEX FUSE br 25791 NORAD ID ref name nssdc master nssdc id 1999 035A location ... work N2YO.com accessdate 2007 09 07 ref The FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer FUSE is a space ... nm ref name nssdc master mass 1400 kg 3086.5 lb ref name nssdc master style Farultraviolet ... in the farultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, between 90.5 119.5 nanometre ... fuse aas95 cite web url http fuse.pha.jhu.edu papers technical aas95 aas95.html title The FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer Mission work JHU.edu first D.J. last Sahnow coauthors et al. date 1995 .... Its Explorer program Explorer designation is Explorer 77 . On July 12, 2007, FUSE s final momentum ... at the shortest ultraviolet wavelengths, and two mirror segments are coated with lithium fluoride ... ultraviolet light is detected by two microchannel plate detector microchannel plate intensified double ..., an isotope of hydrogen . Because of the large number of atomic absorption and emission lines in the farultraviolet, FUSE enabled many studies of galactic, extragalactic and intergalactic chemistry ... fuse FUSE archive at Multimission Archive at STScI MAST Space observatories Explorer ... Artificial satellites orbiting Earth Category Explorer program Category Space telescopes Category Ultraviolet telescopes Category Spacecraft launched by Delta II rockets cs FarUltraviolet Spectroscopy Explorer de FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer es FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer fr FUSE t lescope spatial ja FUSE ru FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer sk FarUltraviolet Spectroscopy Explorer zh ... more details
for other uses Muse disambiguation Merge Very Large Telescope date July 2011 The Multi Unit SpectroscopicExplorer MUSE is a second generation instrument in development for the Very Large Telescope VLT of the European Southern Observatory ESO . ref name shaw301 http books.google.com books?id QBIbAQAAIAAJ&q Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer&dq Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer&hl en&ei 6fCkTKeTKMLflgf0tcyHCw&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 2&ved 0CDYQ6AEwAQ Richard A. Shaw, Frank Hill, David J. Bell Astronomical data analysis software and systems sixteen Page 301, Google Books 2010 ref It is a panoramic integral field spectrograph operating in the visible wavelength range. ref name shaw301 It combines a wide field of view with the improved spatial resolution provided by adaptive optics and covers a large simultaneous spectral range. ref name shaw301 References reflist External links http muse.univ lyon1.fr MUSE European Southern Observatory Category Spectrometers Category Telescope instruments Category European Southern Observatory ... more details
Infobox Spacecraft Name Extreme UltravioletExplorer Image Image EUVE Photo.gif 200px Caption The Extreme UltravioletExplorer spacecraft Organization NASA Major Contractors Mission Type Atmospheric observation using UV telescope Satellite Of Earth Orbital Insertion Date Launch 6 7 92 Launch Vehicle Delta II Decay Mission Duration 6 7 92 to 1 31 01 NSSDC ID Webpage http archive.stsci.edu euve EUVE page at NASA STScI MAST Mass Power Orbital elements Semimajor Axis Eccentricity Inclination Orbital Period Apoapsis Periapsis Orbits The Extreme UltravioletExplorer EUVE was a space telescope for ultraviolet UV astronomy , launched on June 7, 1992. With instruments for UV radiation between wavelengths of 7 and 76 nanometer nm , the EUVE was the first satellite mission especially for the short wave ultraviolet range. The satellite compiled an all sky survey of 801 astronomical targets before being decommissioned on January 31, 2001. It re entered the atmosphere on January 30, 2002. ref cite press title EUVE spacecraft re enters Earth s atmosphere date January 31, 2002 publisher NASA url http www.nasa.gov home hqnews 2002 02 019.txt ref Image EUVE.jpg thumb left 150px The Extreme UltravioletExplorer Spacecraft prior to launch Mission goals The goals of the mission included several different areas of observation using the extreme ultraviolet EUV range of frequencies To make an all sky survey in the extreme ultraviolet band To make a deep survey in the EUV range on two separate bandpasses To make spectroscopic observations of targets found by other missions To observe EUV sources such as hot ... Extreme UltravioletExplorer de Extreme UltravioletExplorer es Extreme UltravioletExplorer fr Extreme UltravioletExplorer it Extreme UltravioletExplorer ja EUVE pl EUVE fi EUVE ... EUVE page at NASA STScI MAST Space observatories Explorer program Category Explorer program Category Space telescopes Category Ultraviolet telescopes Category Artificial satellites formerly orbiting ... more details
Infobox Space Telescope Name International UltravioletExplorer image File International Ultraviolet ... ESA Science and Technology http archive.stsci.edu iue NASA IUE Archive The International UltravioletExplorer IUE was an astronomical observatory satellite primarily designed to take ultraviolet Electromagnetic ... for the International Ultravioletexplorer satellite, preserved in the Steven F. Udvar Hazy Center . The orbiting ultraviolet satellite which ultimately became the IUE mission was first proposed in 1964 .... The proposed telescope was renamed the International UltravioletExplorer . ref name rsbm ref http ... title International UltravioletExplorer observations of Venus SO2 and SO journal Journal of Geophysical ... UltravioletExplorer IUE Satellite journal Astronomical Journal volume 111 page 517 doi ... Space Agency de International UltravioletExplorer es International UltravioletExplorer fr International UltravioletExplorer it International UltravioletExplorer lb International UltravioletExplorer lt International UltravioletExplorer nl International UltravioletExplorer ja IUE nn International UltravioletExplorer pt International UltravioletExplorer ru International UltravioletExplorer ... contractors alt names Explorer 57 br SMEX IUE br IUE nssdc id 1978 012A location orbit type geosynchronous ... 30, 1996 deliberately shut down, remains in orbit wavelength Ultraviolet mass 672 kg style Ritchey Chretien ... . Ultraviolet light has wavelengths between roughly 10nm and 350nm. UV light can be harmful to human ... Astronomical Observatory 2 Filter Photometry Ultraviolet Photometry of 614 Stars doi 10.1086 300955 ... proposed an ultraviolet spectrograph , and their design was recommended for acceptance in 1966. However ... operations were far from complete, but the telescope was understood well enough for routine science ... view of the ultraviolet light from many celestial objects, and was used to study objects ranging ... of IUE results. ref name Kondo 1989 Astrophysical contributions of the International Ultraviolet ... more details
Summary Information Description FarUltraviolet Camera Spectrograph, Source I User RadioFan RadioFan User talk RadioFan talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 00 06, 6 October 2009 UTC Author User RadioFan RadioFan User talk RadioFan talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot priority true ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 Spectroscopic parallax is an astronomical method for measuring the distances to stars. Despite its name, it does not rely on the apparent change in the position of the star see parallax . This technique can be applied to any main sequence star for which a Astronomical spectroscopy spectrum can be recorded. The method depends on the star being sufficiently bright to provide a measurable spectrum, which currently limits its range to about 10,000 parsec s. ref http sci.esa.int science e www object index.cfm?fobjectid 35616&fbodylongid 1667 European Space Agency, Stellar distances ref To apply this method, one must measure the apparent magnitude of the star and know the Spectral classification spectral type of the star. If the star lies on the main sequence, the spectral type of the star provides a good estimate of the star s absolute magnitude . Knowing the apparent magnitude m and absolute magnitude M of the star, one can calculate the distance d of the star using math m M 5 log d 10 pc math see distance modulus . The true distance to the star may be different than the one calculated due to interstellar extinction . While the method of trigonometric parallax provides accurate distances without underlying astrophysical assumptions, it is limited to distances of less than 500 1000 parsecs by current technology. Within the volume measurable by trigonometry are numerous main sequence stars that can be used to calibrate the absolute magnitude spectral type relationship. The method ultimately derives from the spectroscopic studies of sunspots and stars by Walter Sydney Adams and Ernst Arnold Kohlsch tter . see MPC 15089 References references See also Photometric parallax method Dynamical parallax DEFAULTSORT Spectroscopic Parallax Category Astrometry bn ... more details
Spectroscopic notation provides various ways to specify atomic ion ionization states , as well as atomic orbital atomic and molecular orbitals . Ionization states Spectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state of a given chemical element element by the element s symbol followed by a Roman numeral . The numeral I is used for spectral lines associated with the neutral element, II for those from the first ionization state, III for those from the second ionization state, and so on. ref p. 92, Guide to the Sun , Kenneth J. H. Phillips, Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press, 1992. ISBN 052139788X. ref For example, He I denotes lines of neutral helium , and C IV denotes lines arising from the third ionization state, C sup sup , of carbon . Atomic and molecular orbitals Before atomic orbitals were understood, spectroscopists discovered various distinctive series of spectral lines in atomic spectra, which they identified by letters. These letters were later associated with the azimuthal quantum number , l . The letters, s , p , d , and f , for the first four values of l were chosen to be the first letters of properties of the spectral series observed in alkali metals . Letters for subsequent values of l were assigned in alphabetical order, omitting the letter j ref § 12 7, An Introduction to Quantum Physics , Anthony Philip French and Edwin Floriman Taylor, CRC Press, 1979. ISBN 0748740783. ref ref § 7.12, http astrowww.phys.uvic.ca tatum stellatm.html Stellar Atmospheres , Jeremy B. Tatum , online book. Accessed on line September 19, 2007. ref ref name hp class wikitable align center width 40px letter name width 30px l align center s align left s harp 0 align center p align left p rincipal 1 align center d align left d iffuse 2 ... c3 Spectroscopic notation , web page at http hyperphysics.phy astr.gsu.edu , accessed on line September ... a SP ee D y F Molecular Spectroscopic Notation main Molecular term symbol The spectroscopic notation ... more details
Space Telescope and FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer FUSE have been the most recent major space telescope s to view the near and far UV Electromagnetic spectrum spectrum of the sky, though other UV instruments have flown on sounding rockets and the Space Shuttle . Ultraviolet space telescopes ... United States ESA Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope flagicon United States FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer FUSE flagicon United States GALEX flagicon United States ESA Hubble Space Telescope flagicon United States ESA International UltravioletExplorer flagicon United States Orbiting Astronomical ...Image M81 wide Galex.jpg thumb right A GALEX image of the spiral galaxy Messier 81 in ultraviolet light. Credit GALEX NASA JPL Caltech . Ultraviolet astronomy is generally used to refer to observations of electromagnetic radiation at ultraviolet wavelengths between approximately 10 and 320 nanometres shorter wavelengths&mdash higher energy photons&mdash are studied by X ray astronomy and gamma ray astronomy . ref name cox2000 cite book author A. N. Cox, editor title Allen s Astrophysical Quantities year 2000 publisher Springer Verlag location New York isbn 0 387 98746 0 ref Light at these wavelengths is absorbed by the Earth s atmosphere, so observations at these wavelengths must be performed from the upper atmosphere or from space. ref name cox2000 Ultraviolet line spectrum measurements are used to discern the chemical composition, densities, and temperatures of the interstellar medium , and the temperature and composition of hot young stars. UV observations can also provide essential information about the Galaxy formation and evolution evolution of galaxies . The ultraviolet Universe ... part of the spectrum. Ultraviolet radiation is the signature of hotter objects, typically in the early and late stages of their stellar evolution evolution . If we could see the sky in ultraviolet ... Category Astronomical imaging Category Observational astronomy Category Ultraviolet radiation ... more details
Wiktionary ultravioletUltraviolet refers to electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than soft X rays. Ultraviolet may also refer to TOC right Film and television Ultraviolet TV serial Ultraviolet TV serial , a 1998 British television miniseries Ultraviolet film Ultraviolet film , a 2006 science fiction film Ultraviolet novel Ultraviolet novel , a 2006 novel adapted from the film Ultraviolet Code 044 , a 2008 Japanese anime based on the film Music Ultraviolet All About Eve album Ultraviolet All About Eve album Ultraviolet Kid Sister album Ultraviolet Kid Sister album Ultra Violet Bananarama album Ultra Violet Bananarama album Ultraviolet Light My Way , a song by U2 Ultraviolet Ballad of Paul K Ultraviolet Ballad of Paul K , a single by McFly Ultraviolet , an album by DJ Antoine Albums DJ Antoine Ultraviolet , a song by Annetenna from Annetenna album Annetenna Ultraviolet , a song by The B 52 s from Funplex Ultraviolet , a song by Karl Bartos from Communication Karl Bartos album Communication Ultraviolet , a song by Romano Musumarra and Claudio Gizzi from Automat album Automat Ultraviolet , a song by Joanna Pacitti from This Crazy Life Other uses Ultra Violet Isabelle Collin Dufresne , French American artist and author, a Warhol superstar UltraViolet system , a digital rights authentication and cloud based licensing system See also UV disambiguation Violet disambiguation lookfrom Ultraviolet intitle Ultraviolet Disambiguation de Ultraviolet fr Ultraviolet homonymie ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 Ultraviolet photography is a photographic process of recording image s by using light from the ultraviolet UV spectrum only. Overview Image PIA07908.jpg thumb Ultraviolet astronomy Ultraviolet image of the globular cluster NGC 1851 in the southern constellation Columba . Light which is visible to the human eye covers the spectral region from about 400 to 750 nanometer s. This is the radiation spectrum used in normal photography . The band of radiation that extends from about 1 nm to 400 nm is known as ultraviolet radiation . UV spectrographers divide this range into three bands near UV 380 200 nm wavelength abbrev. NUV far UV or vacuum UV 200 10 nm abbrev. FUV or VUV extreme UV 1 31 nm abbrev. EUV or XUV . Only near UV is of interest for UV photography, for several reasons. Ordinary air is opaque to wavelengths below about 200 nm, and lens glass is opaque below about 180 nm. UV photographers subdivide the near UV into Long ... ways to use UV radiation to take photograph s reflected ultraviolet and ultraviolet fluorescence photography. Reflected ultraviolet photography finds practical use in medicine , dermatology ... wave ultraviolet photography. Most modern UV sources are based on a mercury element mercury ... ultraviolet to pass and absorbs all visible light . Examples of these filters are Kodak Wratten ... Ultraviolet Infrared. 1973 Gibson HL, Kodak Company, Rochester, p123 130. ref Ultraviolet fluorescence ... photography. The same ultraviolet light sources as in reflected UV photography, except that a glass filter is used to absorb all the visible light and allow only the desired ultraviolet to pass ... must be placed in front of the camera lens , to exclude residual ultraviolet and allow the resulting .... The FinePix IS Pro Fujifilm FinePix IS PRO DSLR digital SLR camera is purpose designed for ultraviolet ... is made can respond to wavelengths between 1100 190nm. Footnotes references See also Ultraviolet ... more details
The Ultraviolet Catastrophe is a Space Tribe album published in 1998 by Spiritzone . Style Psychedelic Trance Goa Trance Release date 20 January 1998 Album listing All You Need Is Spirit And Nothing Live What U Love The Ultraviolet Catastrophe Know Your Dopefiend The Journey Is The Goal Nuclear Fission Chips The Source Energy External links http www.amazon.com exec obidos tg detail B000003SZ9 free demos wmv or real DEFAULTSORT Ultraviolet Catastrophe, The Category 1998 albums Category Space Tribe albums ... more details
Wikify date June 2010 Butterflies, or members of the Papiloinoidea superfamily, use two ultraviolet signals, UV reflectance or absorbance as a communication system. The ultraviolet region is the part of the electromagnetic ... mating behavior and sex recognition. ref Silberglied RE, Taylor OR. 1973. Ultraviolet differences .... 241 406 408. ref ref Communication in the Ultraviolet Robert E. Silberglied, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, Vol. 10 1979 , pp. 373 398 ref Ultraviolet light reflection and absorption in butterflies The ultraviolet communication system has two roles, a sender and a receiver. Butterflies send ultraviolet signals using UV reflectance or UV absorption. The former is accomplished through ... of Eurema lisa by Helen Ghiradella. ref name Ghira Ghiradella, H et al. 1972 Ultraviolet Reflection ... of light with a wavelength within the ultraviolet spectrum. ref name Ghira The other ultraviolet ... containing this pigment, the wings are unable to reflect ultraviolet light as well as without the pigment because the pterins absorb the ultraviolet light. ref Obara Y. et al. 2008 Mate Preference ... UV Color. Zoological Science 25, ppg 1 5. ref Thus, butterflies are able to reflect ultraviolet ... constructive interference and can absorb ultraviolet through the action of pterin pigments. Ultraviolet light reception in butterflies Butterflies receive ultraviolet signals by utilizing a special ... to detect UV light and responds maximally to ultraviolet light at approximately 350 nm. ref name Stavenga Therefore, a visual pigment that responds to ultraviolet light is the mechanism behind ultraviolet light perception. Ultraviolet light and butterfly mating behavior Image White Cabbage ... , use their private ultraviolet communication system to initiate mating behavior. In this species, ultraviolet reflection is sexually dimorphic with females exhibiting the ability to reflect ultraviolet ... an ultraviolet reflection from a female initiate a courtship behavior that involves approaching the female ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Ultraviolet image Commented out because image was deleted Image Ultraviolet 2006.jpg 220px Image caption First edition cover author Yvonne Navarro country USA language English language English genre Science fiction , Dystopian novel publisher Warner Books release date 1 March 2006 media type Print Paperback pages 304 pp isbn ISBN 0 446 61654 0 Ultraviolet is a novelization of the science fiction Ultraviolet film film of the same name . It was adapted by Yvonne Navarro from the screenplay written by Kurt Wimmer . The novelization provides more backstory that the film was not able to accomplish. The novel is also based on the original screenplay by Kurt Wimmer before Sony heavily edited it. External links http www.sonypictures.com movies ultraviolet Official Ultraviolet Website imdb title 0370032 title Ultraviolet Category 2006 novels Category American science fiction novels Category Dystopian novels 2000s sf novel stub ... more details
POV date November 2011 UltraViolet UV is a digital rights authentication and Cloud computing cloud based ... to Launch Midyear With Rentals now on Roadmap url http www.screenplaysmag.com 2011 01 10 ultraviolet ... Delivery of UltraViolet Entertainment url http www.prnewswire.com news releases akamai demonstrates delivery of ultraviolet entertainment 112986219.html work PR Newswire publisher PR Newswire Association LLC accessdate March 31, 2011 ref UltraViolet adheres to a buy once, play anywhere approach ... title Six Questions Ultraviolet s Mitch Singer url http www.homemediamagazine.com electronic delivery six questions ultraviolet E2 80 99s mitch singer 20510 work Home Media Magazine publisher Questex Media Group LLC accessdate April 1, 2011 ref UltraViolet is developed and deployed by the 70 plus ... devices such as the iPad and iPhone do not support any integration with the UltraViolet platform at this time ref cite web url http techcrunch.com 2010 07 20 dece ultraviolet apple title With DECE s UltraViolet, We re About To See Just How Powerful Apple Really Is author MG Siegler date July 20, 2010 ... Keychest format. User experience Content consumers create a free UltraViolet account either through ... with UltraViolet digital locker url http www.variety.com article VR1118029799 accessdate April 1, 2011 ..., and tablets. ref name bizWire cite web title Hollywood Studios Announce Support for UltraViolet Format ... en Hollywood Studios Announce Support UltraViolet E2 84 A2 Format Endorse work Business Wire publisher Berkshire Hathaway accessdate March 31, 2011 ref Digital locker UltraViolet does not store .... UltraViolet only coordinates and manages the rights for each account, but not the content ... a digital rights locker rather than a digital media storage locker, UltraViolet bypasses ... and licensing of content, UltraViolet insulates itself from future technological advances, allowing ... Members url http www.uvvu.com alliance members.php work UltraViolet publisher Digital Entertainment ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Harmony in Ultraviolet Type Album Artist Tim Hecker Cover TimHeckerHarmonyInUltraviolet.jpg Released October 16, 2006 Recorded Genre Ambient music Ambient , Glitch music Glitch Length 49 53 Label Kranky Records Kranky small krank102 small Producer Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r855010 pure url yes link Pitchfork Media 8.7 10 http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 38992 Tim Hecker Harmony in Ultraviolet link Last album Mort Aux Vaches Tim Hecker album Mort Aux Vaches br 2005 This album Harmony in Ultraviolet br 2006 Next album An Imaginary Country br 2009 Harmony in Ultraviolet is Tim Hecker s fourth full length album, released on October 16, 2006 by Kranky Records Kranky . Critical reaction The album was generally praised by critics, with Pitchfork Media writer Mark Richardson saying cquote Harmony in Ultraviolet is sensual body music of a very particular kind, and it s the sort of record that asks a lot. But if you trust it and go along, it knows exactly where to lay its hands. Track listing Rainbow Blood 1 53 Stags, Aircraft, Kings and Secretaries 4 31 Palimpsest I 0 36 Chimeras 3 14 Dungeoneering 5 25 Palimpsest II 0 39 Spring Heeled Jack Flies Tonight 3 11 Harmony in Blue I 1 32 Harmony in Blue II 1 53 Harmony in Blue III 2 41 Harmony in Blue IV 2 03 Radio Spiricom 4 52 Whitecaps of White Noise I 7 30 Whitecaps of White Noise II 5 57 Blood Rainbow 4 06 External links http brainwashed.com common htdocs discog krank102.html Kranky s Harmony in Ultraviolet page Tim Hecker Category 2006 albums Category Tim Hecker albums 2000s electronic album stub ... more details
Infobox film name Ultraviolet image Ultraviolet poster.jpg caption Promotional film poster director Kurt ... language English budget United States dollar 30 million gross 31,070,211 Ultraviolet is a 2006 American ... in North America on March 3, 2006. The film was released on DVD and Blu ray Disc on June 27, 2006. A Ultraviolet ... ending and the removal of some of the more improbable plot twists. An anime movie titled Ultraviolet ... company Madhouse . ref name anime announced cite web url http www.animekon.com news 472 Ultraviolet Anime Announced.html title Ultraviolet Anime Announced publisher Animekon language accessdate 2008 03 18 Dead link date November 2010 bot H3llBot ref Plot Ultraviolet takes place in 2078 , in the years ... Ultraviolet Pearltower.png thumb right 150px Scene featuring Six Cameron Bright underneath the Oriental ... as 24 song 24 by Jem singer Jem . Critical reception Ultraviolet was released in North America on March ... m 10004504 ultraviolet title Ultraviolet 2006 accessdate August 14, 2009 publisher Rotten ... sci fi thriller, Ultraviolet is inept in every regard. ref http www.rottentomatoes.com m 10004504 ultraviolet ... restored in the Ultraviolet novel novelization . Citation needed date August 2009 Comparisons ..., which focused on her imminent death. ref name criticism1 http www.equilibriumfans.com Ultraviolet ... ROTTEN TOMATOES Milla Jovovich On Resident Evil And Her Ultraviolet Beef Bot generated title ref Box .... The budget for Ultraviolet was estimated at 30 million. Although the film Break even economics broke ... reference Movies.go.com http movies.go.com movies movie?name ultraviolet 2005&genre scifi&studio ... DVD rentals where Ultraviolet is featured at 37 as of September 17, 2006 grossing 35.1 million ref The DVD includes A four part Documentary film documentary UV Protection The Making of Ultraviolet ... also Ultraviolet Code 044 animated series based on the film Ultraviolet novel Ultraviolet novel novelization ... External links wikiquote Ultraviolet Official website http www.sonypictures.com homevideo ultraviolet ... more details
unreferenced date July 2008 merge UV completion date October 2010 In physics , an ultraviolet divergence is a situation in which an integral , for example a Feynman diagram , diverges because of contributions of objects with very high energy approaching infinity , or, equivalently, because of physical phenomena at very short distances. An infinite answer to a question that should have a finite answer is a potential problem. The ultraviolet UV divergences are often unphysical effects that can be removed by regularization physics regularization and renormalization . If they cannot be removed, they imply that the theory is not perturbative ly well defined at very short distances. The name comes from the earliest example of such a divergence, the ultraviolet catastrophe in understanding blackbody radiation . According to then current theory of radiation , in this case, light , the quantity of energy released at any specific wavelength should increase with decreasing wavelength that is, there should be considerably more ultraviolet light released from a blackbody radiator than infrared light . Measurements showed the opposite the most energy was released at wavelengths between the two extremes, which suggested classic mechanics simply didn t describe the phenomenon correctly. This problem led to the development of quantum mechanics . The success of the attack on the original ultraviolet catastrophe has led to the technique being widely applied in modern physics. A similar problem applying quantum field theory to electromagnetism was famously solved through the use of renormalization ... standard model of particle physics . Ultraviolet divergences remain a key process in the exploration of new physical theories, like supersymmetry . A successful attack on an ultraviolet divergence is known as ultraviolet completion . Reason for ultraviolet divergence according to Bjorken and Drell ... DEFAULTSORT Ultraviolet Divergence Category Quantum field theory Category Renormalization ... more details
Image blackbody lg.png thumb 303px The Ultraviolet catastrophe is the error at short wavelengths in the Rayleigh Jeans law for the energy emitted by an ideal black body. The error, much more pronounced for short wavelengths, is the difference between the black curve the wrong curve predicted by the Rayleigh Jeans law and the blue curve the correct curve predicted by Planck s law . The ultraviolet catastrophe , also called the Rayleigh Jeans catastrophe, was a prediction of late 19th century early 20th century classical physics that an ideal black body at thermodynamic equilibrium thermal equilibrium will emit radiation with infinite power. The term ultraviolet catastrophe was first used in 1911 by Paul Ehrenfest , although the concept goes back to 1900 with the first derivation of the math lambda 4 math dependence of the Rayleigh Jeans law the word ultraviolet refers to the fact that the problem appears in the short wavelength region of the electromagnetic spectrum . Since the first appearance of the term, it has also been used for other predictions of a similar nature, as in quantum electrodynamics and such cases as ultraviolet divergence . Problem The ultraviolet catastrophe results from the equipartition theorem of classical statistical mechanics which states that all harmonic oscillator modes degrees of freedom of a system at equilibrium have an average energy of math kT 2 math . An example, from Mason s A History of the Sciences , ref cite book last Mason, MA, PhD first Stephen authorlink Stephen F. Mason title A History of the Sciences publisher Collier Books year 1962 location New York, NY pages 550 isbn ref illustrates multi mode vibration via a piece of string. As a Standing wave natural vibrator , the string will oscillate with Overtone Explanation specific modes ... of physics textbooks, present an incorrect version of the history of the ultraviolet catastrophe ... isbn 0 4711 6433 X pages 624&ndash 626 DEFAULTSORT Ultraviolet Catastrophe Category Foundational quantum ... more details
Extreme Ultraviolet radiation EUV or XUV is high energy ultraviolet radiation, generally defined to be electromagnetic radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum spanning wavelength s from 120 nm down to 10 nm, and therefore by the Planck Einstein equation having photon s with energies from 10 Electron volt eV up to 124 eV corresponding to 124 nanometer nm to 10 nm respectively . EUV is naturally generated by the solar corona and artificially by plasma physics plasma and Synchrotron light source synchrotron light sources. Its main uses are photoelectron spectroscopy , Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope solar imaging , and EUVL lithography . In air , EUV is the most highly Absorption electromagnetic radiation absorbed component of the electromagnetic spectrum, requiring vacuum high vacuum for transmission. EUV generation Neutral atoms or condensed matter cannot emit EUV radiation. Ionization must take place first. EUV light can only be emitted by electrons which are bound to multicharged positive ions for example, to remove an electron from a 3 charged carbon ion three electrons already removed requires about 65 Electronvolt eV . ref http www.webelements.com webelements.com ref Such electrons are more tightly bound than typical valence electrons . The existence of multicharged positive ions is only possible in a hot dense plasma physics plasma . Alternatively, the free electrons and ions may be generated temporarily and instantaneously by the intense electric field of a harmonic generation very high harmonic laser beam. The electrons accelerate ... showed positive charging centimeters beyond the borders of exposure while Ultraviolet VUV Vacuum Ultraviolet radiation showed positive charging within the borders of exposure. Studies using EUV ... below the surface, resulting in heating. See also Extreme ultraviolet lithography . References references DEFAULTSORT Extreme Ultraviolet Category Ultraviolet radiation de Extrem ultraviolette Strahlung ... more details
Refimprove date July 2011 The ultraviolet index or UV Index is an international standard measurement of the strength of the ultraviolet UV radiation from the sun at a particular place on a particular day. It is a scale primarily used in daily forecasts aimed at the general public. Its purpose is to help people to effectively protect themselves from UV light, of which excessive exposure causes sunburn s, human eye eye damage such as cataract s, skin aging, and skin cancer see the section Ultraviolet Human health related effects of UV radiation health effects of ultraviolet light . Public health organizations recommend that people protect themselves for example, by applying sunscreen to the skin and wearing a hat when the UV index is 3 or higher see the table below for complete recommendations. Description The UV index is a linear scale, with higher values representing the risk level of skin damage due to UV exposure. An index of 0 corresponds to zero UV irradiation, as is essentially the case at nighttime. While an index of 10 corresponds roughly to midday sun and a clear sky, indices greater than 11 are quite common in the southern hemisphere where the ozone depletion Ozone layer is depleted . The numbers are related to the amount of UV radiation reaching the surface of the earth , measured in Watt W Square metre m sup 2 sup , but the relationship is not simple see below for definition because UV power is spread unevenly over a spectrum of wavelengths the shorter wavelengths are much more damaging. By weighting their effect the index aims to create a number that cannot be expressed in physical units, but is a good indication of likely skin damage. While the UV index can be calculated from a direct measurement of the UV spectral power at a given place, the value given in weather forecasts is usually a prediction based on a computer model. While this may be in error, as with all ... Category Ultraviolet radiation Category Prevention Category Scales ar ca ... more details
wiktionarypar far selfref For Wikipedia s featured article review process, see Wikipedia Featured article review . Far or FAR may refer to TOCright Organizations Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias, part of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias Argentina , a guerrilla group in Argentina Forces Arm es Rwandaises, the Rwandan Armed Forces Forces Arm es Royales , the Moroccan Army Fund for Armenian Relief Rebel Armed Forces Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes Rebel Armed Forces , the first guerilla organization in Guatemala FAR Rabat , a Moroccan football club FAR Tracteurs FAR , a French truck manufacturer http forum.alpinerenault.com FAR , acronym of Forum Alpine Renault, fully dedicated to all Alpine and Renault Sport cars fans Science, technology, and medicine Far infrared astronomy FarUltravioletSpectroscopicExplorer , a space based telescope False accept rate in biometrics Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC First Assessment Report 1990 The First Assessment Report of the IPCC Architecture and planning Floor Area Ratio Floor Space Index , a measurement of building density Transportation Fargo Amtrak station , North Dakota s Amtrak station code FAR Federal Aviation Regulations Hector International Airport in Fargo, North Dakota IATA airport code Television, film, and music Far band , rock band from California Far album , the fifth studio album from musician Regina Spektor Computers FAR Manager , a Win32 Norton Commander clone Far pointer , in computer ... , a measure of comparative urban density often used in the field of zoning Places Far East , or South and Southeast Asia Far Eastern Republic Far Eastern Federal District See also Distance Fars disambiguation Near disambiguation disambig ca Far desambiguaci da Far de FAR es Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias desambiguaci n eo FAR fr Far ko FAR it FAR nl FAR pt FAR ja FAR pl Far ru tr Far ... more details
using similar technologies. In February 2003, NASA issued an Explorer Program Announcement ... to be the tenth and eleventh Small Explorer missions. ref cite press release title NASA Selects Explorer ... study. ref cite press release title NASA Selects Small Explorer Mission 05 026 url http www.nasa.gov ..., 28 NuSTAR optics reference publication Space observatories Future spaceflights Category Explorer ... Future spaceflights de Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array fr Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array hu Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array ru NuSTAR ... more details
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is a noninvasive Medical imaging imaging method that provides information about cell biology cellular activity metabolic information . It is used along with magnetic resonance imaging MRI which provides information about the shape and size of the tumor spatial information . Also called 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging . External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 269422 Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Magnetic resonance imaging oncology stub ... more details
Infobox settlement name Far other name native name settlement type Village image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Saudi Arabia pushpin label position right pushpin map caption Location in Saudi Arabia coordinates display inline,title coordinates region SA subdivision type List of sovereign states Country subdivision name flag Saudi Arabia subdivision type1 Provinces of Saudi Arabia Province subdivision name1 Al Madinah Province subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 leader title leader name established title established date area total km2 population as of population footnotes population total population density km2 timezone East Africa Time EAT utc offset 3 timezone DST East Africa Time EAT utc offset DST 3 latd 23 latm 49 lats latNS N longd 38 longm 52 longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far is a village in Al Madinah Province , in western Saudi Arabia . ref National Geospatial Intelligence Agency . GeoNames database entry. http geonames.nga.mil ggmagaz search Accessed 12 May 2011. ref References Reflist Al Madinah Province Category Populated places in Al Madinah Province SaudiArabia geo stub ... more details
Infobox Settlement See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage Basic info name Far an other name native name for cities whose native name is not in English nickname settlement type images and maps image skyline imagesize image caption pushpin map Yemen pushpin label position bottom pushpin mapsize 300 pushpin map caption Location in Yemen Location subdivision type Country subdivision name flag Yemen subdivision type1 Governorates of Egypt Governorate subdivision name1 Abyan Governorate Abyan subdivision type2 subdivision name2 Politics government footnotes government type leader title leader name established title Settled established date Area area magnitude unit pref Imperial Enter Imperial, if Imperial metric is desired area footnotes area total km2 ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion area land km2 See table Template Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion Population population as of population footnotes population note population total population density km2 population density sq mi population metro population density metro km2 population density metro sq mi General information timezone Yemen Standard Time utc offset 3 timezone DST utc offset DST latd latm lats latNS N longd longm longs longEW E elevation footnotes elevation m elevation ft website footnotes Far an is a village in south western Yemen . It is located in the Abyan Governorate . External links http www.tageo.com index e ym v 01.htm?Abyan Towns and villages in the Abyan Governorate Abyan geo stub Abyan Governorate coord missing Yemen Category Populated places in Abyan Governorate ... more details
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