Unreferenced date December 2009 A falsepremise is an incorrect proposition that forms the basis of a logical syllogism . Since the premise proposition, or assumption is not correct, the conclusion drawn may be in error. However, the validity logical validity of an argument is a function of its internal consistency, not the truth value of its premises. For example, consider this syllogism, which involves an obvious falsepremise If the streets are wet, it has rained recently. premise The streets are wet. premise Therefore it has rained recently. conclusion This argument is logically valid, but quite demonstrably wrong, because its first premise is false one could hose down the streets, the local river could have flooded, etc. A simple deductive system logical analysis will not reveal the error in this argument, since that analysis must accept the truth of the argument s premises. For this reason, an argument based on false premises can be much more difficult to falsifiability refute , or even discuss, than one featuring a normal logical error, as the truth of its premises must be established to the satisfaction of all parties. Another feature of an argument based on false premises that can bedevil critics, is that its conclusion can in fact be true. Consider the above example again. It may well be that it has recently rained, and that the streets are wet. This of course does nothing to prove the first premise, but can make its claims more difficult to refute. This underlies the basic epistemology epistemological problem of establishing causal relationships . A falsepremise can also be a premise that is poorly or incompletely defined so as to make the conclusion questionable ... is neither homosexual nor female, therefore he is not a lesbian. See also co premise inference objection DEFAULTSORT FalsePremise Category Deception Category Logical fallacies he pl B d fa szywego za o enia pt Falsa premissa simple Argument from false premises fi Virheellinen premissi ... more details
About in discourse and logic A premise is a statement that an argument claims will induce or justify a conclusion or an address . ref Argument a sequence of statements such that some of them the premises purport to give reasons to accept another of them, the conclusion The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd Edition Cambridge University Press , editor Robert Audi, 43. ref In other words a premise is an assumption that something is true. In logic , an argument requires a Set mathematics set of two declarative Sentence mathematical logic sentences or Proposition propositions known as the premises along with another declarative sentence or proposition known as the Logical consequence conclusion . This structure of two premises and one conclusion forms the basic argumentative structure. More complex arguments can utilize a series of rules to connect several premises to one conclusion, or to derive a number of conclusions from the original premises which then act as premises for additional conclusions. An example of this is the use of the rules of inference found within symbolic logic . Aristotle held that any logical argument could be reduced to three premises and a conclusion. ref p216, Jan Gullberg , Mathematics from the birth of numbers, W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 039304002X ISBN 978 0393040029 ref Premises are sometimes left unstated in which case they are called missing premises, for example Socrates is mortal, since all men are mortal. It is evident that a tacitly understood claim is that Socrates is a man. The fully expressed reasoning is thus Since all men are mortal and Socrates is a man, Socrates is mortal. In this example, the first two independent Clause logic clauses preceding the comma namely, all men are mortal and Socrates is a man are the premises, while Socrates is mortal is the conclusion. The proof of a conclusion depends on both the truth of the premises ... pt Premissa ro Premis ru simple Premise sk Premisa ckb sh Premisa fi ... more details
wiktionary PremisePremise from the Latin praemissa & 91 propositio& 93 , meaning placed in front can refer to Premise , a claim that is a reason for, or an objection against, some other claim as part of an argument Premises , land and buildings together considered as a property Premise film , the situational logic driving the plot in plays Premise , a trade name for the insecticide Imidacloprid Premise , landing page software from Copyblogger Media disambig ... more details
A co premise is a premise in reasoning and informal logic which is not the main supporting reason for a main contention contention or a Lemma logic lemma , but is logically necessary to ensure the validity of an argument . One premise by itself, or a group of co premises can form a reason. Logical structure Every significant term or phrase appearing in a premise of a simple argument , should also appear in the contention conclusion or in a co premise. But this by itself does not guarantee a valid argument, see the fallacy of the undistributed middle for an example of this. Sometimes a co premise will not be explicitly stated. This type of argument is known as an enthymematic argument, and the co premise may be referred to as a hidden or an unstated co premise and will often be subject to an inference objection . In this argument map of a simple argument the two reasons for the main contention are co premises and not separate reasons for believing the contention to be true. They are both necessary to ensure that the argument as a whole retains logical validity. Image What the Bible says.jpg left In this example, What the Bible says is true is a hidden co premise. See also philo stub Category Informal arguments Category Statements ... more details
Lincoln douglasdebate A Value Premise is a component of high school Lincoln Douglas Debate case structure. The value is usually a statement which one side is attempting to achieve throughout the debate. In general, the side that best upholds his or her value premise, which was adequately defended, wins the debate. The value premise is sometimes referred to as the value or simply vp . The value premise ... premise. Purpose As Jason Baldwin explains in Logic in LD , the value premise is supposed to provide ... the affirmative and the negative to achieve. The value premise is not explicitly stated in the resolution ... premise. For example, the National Forensic League s November December 2006 resolution stated Resolved ..., some debaters may use justice as the value premise for the round, because the resolution ... premise is most commonly agreed to be justice or some variant. The debate then centers on the Value Criterion, or the way of achieving or best maximizing the value. The value premise is intended to be a non ... support. Strategy The value premise may or may not be agreed upon throughout the entire debate by the affirmative ... premise must be used, debaters often must debate which value premise should be used to evaluate the round. In order to support the affirmative or negative side s value premise, debaters attempt to prove why their value premise is more relevant to the resolution, or why their opponent s value premise ... after presenting each side s constructive on what the value premise should be. Subsequently, both ... premise if the other debater s value premise still may be achieved, or proven better, under the debater ... are expected to present a value premise as well as a value criterion to weigh the round, has been ..., it is notoriously hard to say precisely how the value premise is related to the resolution and how the criterion is related to the value premise. Debaters often speak of the value premise as supporting the resolution or of the criterion as fulfilling the value premise, but it is hard to know just ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 For other uses, see premise The premise of a film or screenplay is the fundamental concept that drives the Plot narrative plot . Most premises can be expressed very simply. For example Othello Unchecked jealousy leads to death Titanic Love conquers all, physically and spiritually The Silence of the Lambs Courage destroys evil . However, a premise is usually written to be as long as a paragraph. Filmmaking stub Category Film production Category Narratology no Premiss film fi Premissi elokuvataide ... more details
A Vendor on Premise VOP is defined as on site coordination of a customer s Temporary work temporary help services through an exclusive, long term general contractor relationship with a temporary help company. The designated VOP may enter subcontracting relationships with other temporary help suppliers, or relationships may be specified by the customer. ref Staffing Industry Analysts, Inc VMS Marketplace Profile , page 21. Staffing Industry Analysts Insight, 2007 ref See also Contingent workforce Vendor management system Managed service provider Employment agency Human resource management Professional employer organization PEO References Reflist Business stub Category Human resource management ... more details
In proof theory and constructive mathematics , the principle of independence of premise states that if &phi and &exist x &theta are sentences in a formal theory and nowrap 1 &phi &rarr &exist x &theta is provable, then nowrap 1 &exist x &phi &rarr &theta is provable. Here x cannot be a free variable of &phi . The principle is valid in classical logic. Its main application is in the study of intuitionistic logic, where the principle is not always valid. In classical logic The principle of independence of premise is valid in classical logic because of the law of the excluded middle . Assume that nowrap 1 &phi &rarr &exist x &theta is provable. Then, if &phi holds, there is an x satisfying &phi but if &phi does not hold then any x satisfies span class nowrap &phi &rarr &theta span . In either case, there is some x such that &phi &rarr &theta . Thus nowrap 1 &exist x &phi &rarr &theta is provable. In intuitionistic logic The principle of independence of premise is not generally valid in intuitionistic logic Avigad and Feferman 1999 . This can illustrated the BHK interpretation , which says that in order to prove nowrap 1 &phi &rarr &exist x &theta intuitionistically, one must create a function that takes a proof of &phi and returns a proof of nowrap &exist x &theta . Here the proof itself is an input to the function and may be used to construct x . On the other hand, a proof of nowrap 1 &exist x &phi &rarr &theta must first demonstrate a particular x , and then provide a function that converts a proof of &phi into a proof of &theta in which x has that particular value. As a weak counterexample , suppose &theta x is some decidable predicate of a natural number such that it is not known whether any x satisfies &theta . For example, &theta may say that x is a formal proof of some mathematical conjecture whose provability is not known. Let &phi the formula nowrap 1 &exist z &theta z . Then nowrap 1 &phi &rarr &exist x &theta is trivially provable. However, to prove nowrap 1 ... more details
wiktionary false falsehood False or falsehood may refer to False logic Lie or falsehood, a type of deception in the form of an untruthful statement Falsity or falsehood, in law, deceitfulness by one party that results in damage to another Falsies padding for use in a brassiere to create the appearance of larger breasts FALSE , a programming language false Unix , a Unix command False album False album , an album by Gorefest Matthew Dear or False, American DJ and producer Falsehood film Falsehood film , a 2001 American short film starring Marie Noelle Marquis See also columns list 2 False accusations False advertising False alarm False arrest False confession False consciousness False conviction False dilemma False document False ending False etymology False flag False friend False gharial False hero False imprisonment False memory False neurotransmitter False pregnancy False prophet False self False start True disambig de False it Falso scn False ... more details
Infobox programming language name FALSE released Start date 1993 developer Wouter van Oortmerssen influenced by Forth programming language Forth influenced Brainfuck website http strlen.com false strlen.com About the programming language other uses False disambiguation FALSE is an esoteric programming ... in 68k 68000 Assembly language assembly . According to Van Oortmerssen, FALSE provided the inspiration for various well known esoteric languages, including brainfuck and Befunge . FALSE is notably more ... contrast to the behemoths Intercal and Malbolge . The difficulty of programming in FALSE comes mostly ... flow statements, and input output operations. FALSE operations are done using a stack data structure ... values 0 representing false 1 representing true , and lambda calculus expressions. These can be used on the stack or stored in Variables variables . Basic operators FALSE supports binary operation ... a code would push 3 onto the stack if a has been assigned 3 . The heavy use of the stack in FALSE ... this to 3, leaving the stack as 4. Control flow FALSE has two control flow statements, if and while ... science String s are not a real data type in FALSE they only exist as string literal s and cannot ... to 1. Input Output Apart from strings, which print themselves, FALSE has a number of operators ... code . Comments cannot be nested. Code examples Sample programs taken from the FALSE Programming Language ... > outfile code 1 , Factorial calculator for numbers 1 through 8 1 1 f ? f fac in FALSE calculate ... the structure of FALSE was derived. Esoteric programming language Stack oriented programming language External links http strlen.com false false.txt The FALSE Programming Language Manual http strlen.com false The FALSE Programming Language Web Page these two links are also mirrored at http wouter.fov120.com false false.txt The FALSE Programming Language Manual http wouter.fov120.com false The FALSE Programming Language Web Page removed from de wiki in March, and again in April 2005 de False Programmiersprache ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Off Premise Extension often known by the acronym OPX , sometimes as Off Premise Station or OPS is an Extension telephone extension telephone that terminates in a location distant from its parent Private branch exchange PBX . OPX is generally used to provide employees with access to their company s phone system while out of the office. An OPX is a conditioned pair usually for voice only. For data, the pair usually needs to be unconditioned. An alarm circuit is an unconditioned pair. OPXs are used in distributed environments, serving locations that are too far from the PBX to be served by on premises wiring . See also Foreign exchange service telecommunications Category Communication circuits ... more details
stub False or True also known as FoT was a children s TV programme broadcast from 1993 to 1996 ref http www.ukgameshows.com ukgs FOT ref in the UK on CBBC . Some years later it returned as a completely revised show as part of the Saturday morning show Live & Kicking from 2000 to 2001. Its premise was a series of videos in the style of news reports or features which the viewer had to guess whether they were true or false. Mairi McHaffie & Steve McKenna also Gordon Inglis in 1993 presented. References references See also Banzai television show Banzai The Day Today Brass Eye The Lowdown TV series Would I Lie to You? TV series uncategorized date January 2012 ... more details
was proved false in some parts of his testimony, any further statements were also regarded as false unless they were independently corroborated. Falsus is thus a fallacy of logic. The description that an initial false statement is a prelude to the making of more false statements is false, however, even one falsepremise will suffice to disprove an argument. This is a special case ...A false dilemma also called false dichotomy , the either or fallacy , fallacy of false choice , black and white thinking , or the fallacy of exhaustive hypotheses is a type of logical fallacy that involves a situation in which only two alternatives are considered, when in fact there are additional options sometimes shades of grey between the extremes . For example, It wasn t medicine that cured Ms. X, so it must have been a miracle. False dilemma can arise intentionally, when fallacy is used in an attempt ... Searle , who called it an incorrect assumption which produces false dichotomies. ref name Searle83 ... though they need not be. Citation needed date March 2011 Furthermore, the options in false dichotomies ..., is often a false dilemma. The phrase originates from an argument for taxing English nobles Either ... 0 06 016200 7. ref This is a false dilemma and a Catch 22 logic catch 22 , because it fails to allow ... that those who appear poor also lack liquid assets. False choice The presentation of a false ... ref A common argument against noise pollution laws involves a false choice. It might be argued that in New ... psychology In psychology, a related phenomenon to the false dilemma is black and white thinking . Many ... falsum in uno, falsum in omnibus which, roughly translated, means false in one thing, false in everything ... in courts being held for perjury if part of their statements are false. See also Portal Thinking ... id 2238074 Article in Slate Magazine , showing how President Barack Obama uses the false dilemma fallacy Relevance fallacies Formal Fallacy Informal Fallacy Propaganda DEFAULTSORT False Dilemma Category ... more details
False Sandalwood may refer to any of the following plant species Adenanthera pavonina False Red Sandalwood Eremophila mitchellii Myoporum platycarpum disambig ... more details
False Hopes may refer to False Hopes Dessa album False Hopes Dessa album False Hopes Doomtree album False Hopes Doomtree album , 2007 disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
False breeching can refer to False breeching on the shafts of an animal drawn vehicle see Breeching tack False breeching on a firearm or other weapon see Firearm See also Breech disambiguation Breeching disambiguation deliberate link to redirect, per MOSDAB disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In English language English grammar , a false singular occurs when a Grammatical number singular noun ending in a s or z sound is understood as a plural from which a new singular is constructed. The false singular is a form of back formation . Some false singulars become standard English. For example, pea was originally a false singular from pease pl. peasen . The old word remains in the phrase pease porridge . The non standard historical forms Chinee and Portuguee are also false singulars, from Chinese and Portuguese . DEFAULTSORT False Singular Category Grammar ... more details
False hellebore is used as the common name of plants in two different families Adonis vernalis Ranunculaceae Veratrum species Melanthiaceae disambig ... more details
False Advertising may refer to False advertising , the use of deliberately false statements or deception in advertising. False Advertising song disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
False memory refers to the recollection of an event, or the details of an event, that did not occur. The term may also refer to False memory syndrome Source monitoring error Confabulation False Memory novel False Memory novel , by Dean Koontz disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The false keel was a timber, forming part of the hull of a wooden sailing ship . Typically 6 inches thick for a 74 gun ship in the 19th century, the false keel was constructed in several pieces, which were Scarph joint scarphed together, and attached to the underside of the keel by iron staples. The false keel was intended to protect the main keel from damage, and also protect the heads of the bolts holding the main keel together. The false keel could easily be replaced when it became damaged. DEFAULTSORT False Keel Category Ship construction Category Sailing ship components ru ... more details
Unreferenced date June 2008 A false document is a literary technique employed to create verisimilitude ... of art . The goal of a false document is to fool an audience into thinking that what is being presented is actually a fact. In practice, false document effects can be achieved in many ways, including ... or other artifacts. By intentionally blurring boundaries between fiction and fact, false documents ... a great artistic achievement and a stunning forgery is slim. Sometimes the false document technique ... exclusive as many texts which engage falseness do so both on the literal and the thematic level. A false ... with a criminal enterprise like fraud , forgery , or a confidence game . A false document ... on the false trailers. The 2007 bio drama What we do is secret , about the punk band The Germs is done .... Whether a particular piece of art is a false document, or is using false documentary techniques in a central way, is of course arguable. Usually, the character and extent of the use is examined. False ... aligned with direct false documentation that is, in both cases there is an element of authenticity and an element ... of a false document. citation needed date April 2011 Since it is difficult to imagine a typesetter ... such a false document as authentic not only cannot be prosecuted, but cannot be studied by historians ... Writers Chronicle The Invention of False Medieval Authorities As a Literary Device in Popular Fiction ... may not engender in the reader the necessary sense of wonder and danger. For this reason, false documentary ... of false supporting documents in fiction Miguel de Cervantes claims that all chapters but the first ... be debatable whether the book is an example of a False Document, but is included because it initially ... deals extensively with the concepts surrounding false documents, including serially representing the contents of the novel itself as a false document. The Anno Dracula series Anno Dracula stories and novels of Kim Newman use many of these same false sources. The Necronomicon appearing in the works of H ... more details
A false peak or false summit is a term used in mountaineering to describe a summit topography peak that appears to be the pinnacle of the mountain but is in fact not. False peaks can have significant effects on climber s psychological state by inducing feelings of dashed hopes or even failure. Many mountains have well known false peaks cn date January 2012 This term can also be applied to non mountaineering activities where obstacles posing as the end goal produce the same psychological effects. ref Bauer, Frank. http technorati.com politics article climate changes false peak Climate Change s False Peak , Technorati , 20 November 2009. Retrieved on 4 January 2012. ref References Reflist External links http www.sharpadventure.com 2010 07 false peaks.html Category Articles created via the Article Wizard stub ... more details
Taxobox name False antechinuses regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Mammal ia ordo Dasyuromorphia familia Dasyuridae subfamilia Dasyurinae tribus Dasyurini genus Pseudantechinus genus authority George Henry Hamilton Tate Tate , 1947 type species Fat tailed False Antechinus Phascogale macdonnellensis type species authority Walter Baldwin Spencer Spencer , 1896 subdivision ranks Species subdivision Sandstone Dibbler P. bilarni Fat tailed False Antechinus P. macdonnellensis Alexandria False Antechinus P. mimulus Ningbing False Antechinus P. ningbing Rory Cooper s False Antechinus P. roryi Woolley s False Antechinus P. woolleyae The genus Pseudantechinus are members of the Dasyuromorphia order biology order . They are often called false antechinuses , although this genus includes the Sandstone Dibbler , which was previously assigned to a different genus. The species of this genus are as follows Sandstone Dibbler , Pseudantechinus bilarni Fat tailed False Antechinus , Pseudantechinus macdonnellensis Alexandria False Antechinus , Pseudantechinus mimulus Ningbing False Antechinus , Pseudantechinus ningbing Rory Cooper s False Antechinus , Pseudantechinus roryi Woolley s False Antechinus , Pseudantechinus woolleyae References MSW3 Groves pages 27 28 Dasyuromorphia D.D. marsupial stub Category Dasyuromorphs br Pseudantechinus ca Pseudantechinus de Fettschwanz Beutelm use es Pseudantechinus fr Pseudantechinus la Pseudantechinus mt Pseudantechinus nl Pseudantechinus pl Pseudantechinus pt Pseudantechinus ru sv Pseudantechinus uk Pseudantechinus ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
