refimprove date June 2006 Falseprecision also called overprecision , fake precision , misplaced precision and spurious accuracy occurs when numerical data are presented in a manner that implies better Accuracy and precisionprecision than is actually the case since precision is a limit to accuracy, this often leads to overconfidence in the accuracy as well. ref cite web url http www.fallacyfiles.org fakeprec.html title Overprecision publisher Fallacy files ref In science and engineering , convention dictates that unless a margin of error is explicitly stated, the number of significant figures used in the presentation of data should be limited to what is warranted by the precision of those data. For example, if an instrument can be read to an accuracy of tenths of a unit of measurement, results of calculations using data obtained from that instrument can only be confidently stated to the tenths place, regardless of what the raw calculation returns or whether other data used in the calculation are more accurate. Even outside these disciplines, there is a tendency to assume that all the non zero digits of a number are meaningful thus, providing excessive figures may lead the viewer to expect better precision than actually exists. However, in contrast, it is good practice to retain more ... rounding errors. Falseprecision commonly arises when high precision and low precision data ... rss Precisely False vs. Approximately Right A Reader s Guide To Polls Informal Fallacy DEFAULTSORT FalsePrecision Category Arithmetic Category Numerical analysis fo Falskur nettleiki ... subject to great uncertainty. When converted by the American media to pounds, the added precision suggests ... probably be rounded to 37 C implying a precision of the order of 0.5 C . Converting this rounded value to Fahrenheit gives a value of 98.6 F however, quoting the .6 implies a precision ... also Propagation of uncertainty Rounding Round off error Precision bias Significant figures References ... more details
wiktionary false falsehood False or falsehood may refer to False logic Lie or falsehood, a type of deception in the form of an untruthful statement Falsity or falsehood, in law, deceitfulness by one party that results in damage to another Falsies padding for use in a brassiere to create the appearance of larger breasts FALSE , a programming language false Unix , a Unix command False album False album , an album by Gorefest Matthew Dear or False, American DJ and producer Falsehood film Falsehood film , a 2001 American short film starring Marie Noelle Marquis See also columns list 2 False accusations False advertising False alarm False arrest False confession False consciousness False conviction False dilemma False document False ending False etymology False flag False friend False gharial False hero False imprisonment False memory False neurotransmitter False pregnancy False prophet False self False start True disambig de False it Falso scn False ... more details
Infobox programming language name FALSE released Start date 1993 developer Wouter van Oortmerssen influenced by Forth programming language Forth influenced Brainfuck website http strlen.com false strlen.com About the programming language other uses False disambiguation FALSE is an esoteric programming ... in 68k 68000 Assembly language assembly . According to Van Oortmerssen, FALSE provided the inspiration for various well known esoteric languages, including brainfuck and Befunge . FALSE is notably more ... contrast to the behemoths Intercal and Malbolge . The difficulty of programming in FALSE comes mostly ... flow statements, and input output operations. FALSE operations are done using a stack data structure ... values 0 representing false 1 representing true , and lambda calculus expressions. These can be used on the stack or stored in Variables variables . Basic operators FALSE supports binary operation ... a code would push 3 onto the stack if a has been assigned 3 . The heavy use of the stack in FALSE ... this to 3, leaving the stack as 4. Control flow FALSE has two control flow statements, if and while ... science String s are not a real data type in FALSE they only exist as string literal s and cannot ... to 1. Input Output Apart from strings, which print themselves, FALSE has a number of operators ... code . Comments cannot be nested. Code examples Sample programs taken from the FALSE Programming Language ... > outfile code 1 , Factorial calculator for numbers 1 through 8 1 1 f ? f fac in FALSE calculate ... the structure of FALSE was derived. Esoteric programming language Stack oriented programming language External links http strlen.com false false.txt The FALSE Programming Language Manual http strlen.com false The FALSE Programming Language Web Page these two links are also mirrored at http wouter.fov120.com false false.txt The FALSE Programming Language Manual http wouter.fov120.com false The FALSE Programming Language Web Page removed from de wiki in March, and again in April 2005 de False Programmiersprache ... more details
these are the relevant items not retrieved false negative s , while on the right they are the retrieved items that are not relevant false positive s . Precision and recall are the quotient of the left ... precision no false positives and maximum recall no false negatives . The above pattern recognition example contained 7 &minus 4 3 type I errors and 9 &minus 4 5 type II errors. Precision can be seen as a measure ... recognition and information retrieval , precision is the fraction of retrieved instances that are relevant, while recall is the fraction of relevant instances that are retrieved. Both precision ..., its precision is 4 7 while its recall is 4 9. When a search engine returns 30 pages only 20 of which were relevant while failing to return 40 additional relevant pages, its precision is 20 30 2 ... simpler terms, high recall means that an algorithm returned most of the relevant results. High precision ... by a search divided by the total number of existing relevant documents , while precision is defined ... by that search. In a classification machine learning classification task, the precision for a class ... i.e. the sum of true positives and Type I and type II errors false positives , which are items incorrectly ... of true positives and Type I and type II errors false negatives , which are items which were ... precision score of 1.0 means that every result retrieved by a search was relevant but says nothing ... documents were also retrieved . In a classification task, a precision score of 1.0 for a class C means ... between precision and recall, where it is possible to increase one at the cost of reducing the other ... decreasing precision . Similarly, a classification system for deciding whether or not, say, a fruit is an orange, can achieve high precision by only classifying fruits with the exact right shape and color as oranges, but at the cost of low recall due to the number of false negatives from oranges that did not quite match the specification. Usually, precision and recall scores are not discussed in isolation ... more details
. The number 0, to any precision, can be taken to be 0. See also Falseprecision Accuracy and precisionPrecision computer science Round off error IEEE754 IEEE floating point standard http www.amazon.com ...Unreferenced date October 2009 The precision of a value describes the number of numerical digit digit s that are used to express that value. In a scientific setting this would be the total number of digits sometimes called the significant figures or significant digits or, less commonly, the number of fractional digits or decimal places the number of digits following the radix point point . This second definition is useful in financial and engineering applications where the number of digits in the fractional part has particular importance. In both cases, the term precision can be used to describe the position at which an inexact result will be rounded. For example, in floating point arithmetic, a result is rounded to a given or fixed precision, which is the length of the resulting significand . In financial calculations, a number is often rounded to a given number of places for example, to two places after the decimal separator for many world currencies . As an illustration, the decimal quantity 12.345 can be expressed with various numbers of significant digits or decimal places. If insufficient precision is available then the number is rounding rounded in some manner to fit the available precision. The following table shows the results for various total precisions and decimal places ... 8 border 1 class wikitable tr th br Precision th Rounded to br significant digits th ..., if a device measures to the nearest gram and gives a reading of 12.345 kg, it would create falseprecision if you were to express this measurement as 12.34500 kg. Clear The representation of a positive number x to a precision of p significant digits has a numerical value that is given by the formula ... in Science and Engineering DEFAULTSORT Arithmetic Precision Category Arithmetic Category Numerical ... more details
File Daedelus comparison, remote sensing in precision farming.jpg thumb upright False color image s demonstrate remote sensing applications in precision farming. Courtesy NASA Earth Observatory ref cite web url http earthobservatory.nasa.gov IOTD view.php?id 1139 title Precision Farming Image of the Day ... Precision farming or precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing and responding ... position in a field using satellite positioning system like GPS. Precision agriculture issues Precision ... inputs . Precision agriculture also provides farmers with a wealth of information to build ... quality of farm products e.g. protein level in bread flour wheat Stages and tools Precision agriculture ... feature cite web url http earthobservatory.nasa.gov Features PrecisionFarming title Precision Farming ... ref Precision agriculture uses special equipment on board the farmer s tractor positioning system ... farming equipment seeder , Broadcast spreader spreader . Precision agriculture around the world File ... stabilised camera head The concept of precision agriculture first emerged in the United States ... optimizing its use. Around the world, precision agriculture developed at a varying pace. Precursor ... to go down this path, followed closely by France. In France, precision agriculture first appeared in 1997 1998. The development of GPS and variable rate spreading techniques helped to anchor precision ... rate systems. Uptake of GPS is more widespread. But this hasn t stopped them using precision agriculture ... 3294 pixagri precision agriculture with aerial and satellite imagery satellite imagery and geoinformation spot image.php precision agriculture with satellite imagery ref Economic and environmental impacts Precision agriculture management practices can significantly reduce the amount of nutrient and other ... crop cycle. Consequently, precision agriculture has become a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture ... in the long term. Precision agriculture therefore seeks to use high tech systems in pursuit of this respectable ... more details
Refimprove date May 2008 Objective precision Latin praecisio obiectiva is a philosophical term and concept used in scholasticism late and especially second scholasticism describing the objective aspect of abstraction . Objective precision is the process by which certain features the differentia e of the real object of a formal concept are excluded from the comprehension of that concept the object is thus being intentionally transformed into a universal objective concept . Objective precision is thus a process by which universal objective concepts arise, it is the objective aspect of the process of total abstraction or concept formation. Objective precision and formal precision Objective precision is distinguished against formal precision . Whereas objective precision is a process on the part of objective concepts the objective correlates of the mental acts by means of which something is being conceived formal precision is the corresponding process on the part of formal concepts or the mental acts themselves. Objective and formal precision are the two aspects objective and subjective of abstraction. Nominalism and realism The two opposing philosophical views on universals, nominalism or rather conceptualism and philosophical realism realism can be defined by means of their relation to objective precision anyone who accepts objective precision, is a philosophical realist anyone who ... thus, according to nominalists, in abstraction only formal precision takes place, no objective precision ... what constitutes the necessary condition on the part of the object in order that objective precision ... precision possible. According to the Scotism Scotists , a formal distinction is generally required ... special cases. Francisco Su rez Su rez defends objective precision but he rejects any distinctions ... distinction would be necessary to enable objective precision, but since they regard such a distinction as impossible, they reject objective precision altogether. Category Abstraction ... more details
Dilution of precision may refer to Dilution of precision computer graphics , an algorithmic trick used to handle difficult problems in hidden line removal Dilution of precision GPS , a term used in geomatics engineering to describe the geometric strength of satellite configuration disambig ... more details
notability Companies date November 2011 DISPLAYTITLE Precision Associates Precision Associates is a Minneapolis based manufacturer of O ring s and other elastomeric seals. Precision was founded in 1955 by Arnold Kadue in the North Loop neighborhood of Minneapolis,MN , also known as the Warehouse District. ref http www.highbeam.com doc 1G1 144156376.html ref In July 2011 Precision completed its move of operations from 740 Washington Ave . N to 3800 Washington Ave. N, making it one of the last industrial tenants of the Warehouse District . ref cite web url http news.thomasnet.com companystory Precision Associates Announces Move to New Facility 598524 title Precision Associates Announces Move to New Facility, Precision Associates, Inc publisher News.thomasnet.com date 2011 07 01 accessdate 2011 11 04 ref The business is still run by family, the current CEO and President is Paul Kadue, son of Arnold Kadue. References reflist Category Companies based in Minneapolis, Minnesota ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 Precision bias is a form of cognitive bias in which an evaluator of information commits a logical fallacy as the result of confusing accuracy and precision . More particularly, in assessing the merits of an argument, a measurement, or a report, an observer or assessor falls prey to precision bias when he or she believes that greater precision implies greater accuracy i.e., that simply because a statement is precise, it is also true . Precision bias, whether called by that phrase or another, is addressed in fields such as economics, in which there is a significant danger that a seemingly impressive quantity of statistics may be collected even though these statistics may be of little value for demonstrating any particular truth. It is also called the numeracy bias, or the range estimate aversion. The clustering illusion and the Texas sharpshooter fallacy may both be treated as relatives of precision bias. In these former fallacies, precision is mistakenly considered evidence of causation, when in fact the clustered information may actually be the result of randomness . External links http www.e elgar.co.uk bookentry main.lasso?id 307 Truth Versus Precision In Economics , Thomas Mayer, Emeritus Professor of Economics, University of California http www.psig.org papers 2000 0009.pdf Less Is More Accuracy vs. Precision In Modeling , Susan Bachman et al. Many modelers assume that building with more precision yields a more accurate model. Category Cognitive biases ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 In dentistry , precision attachments are the functional mechanical parts of the removable partial denture made of plastic , metal or a combination of both. They consist of two parts referred as the male part that is fixed to a crown dentistry crown inside the patient s mouth and a female part which holds the partial denture. The patient can insert and remove the partial dentures and the aim of the precision attachment is to give the patient maximum comfort and ease while wearing, inserting or removing. td.mrt Precision attachments Image Precision attachment td mrt.jpg Image Precision attachment drawing.jpg Category Restorative dentistry Category Prosthodontology dentistry stub ... more details
Ri date October 2010 More footnotes date October 2010 Infobox Company company name Precision Drilling ... cite web url http zenobank.com index.php?symbol PDS&page quotesearch title Company Profile for Precision ... www.precisiondrilling.com Precision Drilling Corporation NYSE PDS , TSX PD is the largest ... Africa , Middle East , Kazakhstan , India , etc. Business units Precision Drilling Ltd contracting of drilling rigs Precision Rentals oilfield and onshore equipment rentals Precision Well Servicing completion ... Precision Energy including Computalog Ltd and Reeves Wireline was sold to Weatherford International in 2005. History Early years 1951 Precision Drilling Ltd. begins operations as an oil and gas contractor. 1969 Precision Drilling Ltd. is incorporated and acquires the affiliate Precision Drilling Co. Ltd . 1984 Precision Drilling Ltd. purchases 3 rigs from Capri Drilling. Reverse takeover and growth 1987 In a reverse takeover, Cypress Drilling Ltd acquires Precision Drilling Ltd. and begins operation as Precision Drilling 1987 Ltd. The size of the company grows to 19 rigs. 1988 Acquisition of Spartan ... drilling operations begin. Precision Drilling 1987 Ltd. changes its name to Precision Drilling Corporation Precision . Precision buys Sierra Drilling, increasing the rig count to 39. Precision also purchases 50 of Sierra Drill Manufacturing. 1993 Precision acquires interest in Taro Drilling Partnership and buys rigs from Duranco Drilling. Precision acquires Arrowstar Drilling Corporation. Precision ... Drilling is acquired, adding 21 rigs and six additional camps for LRG Catering. Precision builds ... rigs, which will double Precision s slant rig fleet to a total of eight rigs. Diversification 1996 Precision acquires EnServ Corporation adiversified energy services company for 229 million. Acquisition of 12 well servicing rigs from Gram Well Servicing. 1997 Precision purchases Brelco Drilling Ltd., adding 17 rigs and increasing its participation in the deep gas drilling market. Precision adds the wellsite ... more details
unreferenced date October 2011 Precision mechanics also fine mechanics is an industry that deals with the construction of smaller precision machine machines , often including measuring and control mechanisms of different kinds. Category Industry de Feinmechanik nl Fijnmechanica ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In agriculture , precision seeding is a method of seeding that involves placing seed at a precise spacing and depth. This is in contrast to broadcast seeding , where seed is scattered over an area. Although precise hand placement would qualify, precision seeding usually refers to a mechanical process. A wide range of hand push and powered precision seeders are available for small to large scale jobs. Using a variety of actions, they all open the soil, place the seed, then cover it, to create rows. The depth and spacing vary depending on the type of crop and the desired plant density. In commercial production, precision seeding is an alternative to placing larger quantities of seed in a row, by dribbling seed or setting several seeds in each position. Depending on the device, precision seeders may place only one, or a very few seeds per position. This is an advantage, in that it saves seed and it avoids crowding, or the need for thinning , allowing plants the space to grow efficiently. On the downside, by placing fewer seeds, a very high germination rate is required to make full use of the seeded area. See also Precision farming DEFAULTSORT Precision Seeding Category Seeds Agriculture stub ... more details
PGM Precision is a France French company manufacturing high precision rifle s for military and law enforcement usages. It is the official supplier to the French Armed Forces . Models include PGM Hecate II 12.7x99mm NATO .50 BMG PGM 338 .338 Lapua Magnum 8.6x70mm PGM Ultima Ratio 7.62x51mm NATO as main military chambering br .300 Savage , 7mm 08 Remington , .260 Remington , 6.5x47mm Lapua and 6mm Norma BR on special request External links http www.pgmprecision.com Official site Category Firearms manufacturers in France France company stub firearms stub fr PGM Pr cision id PGM Precision ... more details
In statistics , the term precision can mean a quantity defined in a specific way. This is in addition to its more general meaning in the contexts of accuracy and precision and of precision and recall . There can be differences in usage of the term for particular statistical models but, in general statistical usage, the precision is defined to be the reciprocal of the variance , while the precision matrix is the matrix inverse of the covariance matrix . ref name dodge Dodge Y. 2003 The Oxford Dictionary of Statistical Terms , OUP. ISBN 0 19 920613 9 ref One particular use of the precision matrix is in the context of Bayesian analysis of the multivariate normal distribution for example, Bernardo & Smith ref Bernardo, J. M. & Smith, A.F.M. 2000 Bayesian Theory , Wiley ISBN 0 471 49464 X ref prefer to parameterise the multivariate normal distribution in terms of the precision matrix rather than the covariance matrix because of certain simplifications that then arise. History The term precision mensura praecisionis observationum first appeared in the works of Carl Friedrich Gauss Gauss 1809 Theoria motus corporum coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium page 212 . Gauss s definition differs from the modern one by a factor of math scriptstyle sqrt2 math . He writes, for the density function of a normal random variable with precision h , math varphi Delta tfrac h surd pi , e hh Delta Delta . math Later Whittaker & Robinson 1924 Calculus of observations called this quantity the modulus , but this term has dropped out of use. ref cite web title Earliest known uses of some of the words in mathematics url http jeff560.tripod.com m.html ref Definition Empty section date July 2010 References references Category Statistical terminology Category Statistical deviation and dispersion Category Bayesian statistics ht Presizyon ... more details
orphan date January 2010 unreferenced date January 2010 Precision polygons are basic standards for angle measurement , which are used and calibrated by the national standards laboratories in particular. Category Dimensional instruments measurement stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Floating point The term extended precision refers to storage formats for floating point numbers not falling into the regular sequence of single, double, and quadruple precision formats usually 32 bit, 64 bit and 128 bit, respectively . In contrast to extended precision , arbitrary precision arithmetic refers to implementations of much larger numeric types with a storage count that usually is not a power of two using special software or, rarely, hardware . The most common extended precision format is currently the 80 bit format first used in the Intel 8087 math coprocessor and later in the Motorola 68881 , which has since become ubiquitous on the x86 architecture . This 80 bit format uses 64 bits for the significand, 15 bits for the exponent field and one bit for the sign of the significand. The exponent field uses excess N representation, to be more exact excess 16383, meaning that 16383 has to be subtracted from the written exponent. ref http www.datasheetcatalog.org .... The opportunity for extended precision arises because, on the one hand, a number format should fit ... where there is no exponent part. The 64 bit double precision format allows 53 bits for the mantissa ... of 64 bits, and this additional precision might be useful. But that leaves no room for an exponent ... precision via the long double type. Compilers on x86 for other languages often support extended precision as well, sometimes via nonstandard extensions for example, Turbo Pascal offers an code extended ... 4 code and code REAL 8 code . Such compilers also typically include extended precision mathematical ... 19.266 math of precision and has a range from approximately math 3.65 times 10 4951 math to math 1.19 times 10 4932 math . Older machines used a variety of formats. On an IBM 1130 , extended precision ... point arithmetic operations were performed by software, and double precision was not supported at all ... References reflist DEFAULTSORT Extended Precision Category Computer arithmetic ja ... more details
File NIST Precision engineering research.jpg thumb 280px NIST Precision engineering research. Measurement of API Rotary Master Gauge on Coordinate measuring machine CMM . ref NIST Manufacturing Engineering 2008 . http www.mel.nist.gov programs pbookweb.pdf NIST Programs of the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory . March 2008. ref Precision engineering is a subdiscipline of electrical engineering , electronics engineering , mechanical engineering , and optical engineering concerned with designing machines, fixtures, and other structures that have exceptionally low tolerances , are repeatable, and are stable over time. These approaches have applications in machine tool s, Microelectromechanical systems MEMS , Nanoelectromechanical systems NEMS , optoelectronics design, and many other fields. Overview One of the fundamental principles in precision engineering is that of determinism. System behavior is fully predictable even to nanometer scale motions. The basic idea is that machine tools obey cause and effect relationships that are within our ability to understand and control and that there is nothing ... Donaldson Professors Hiromu Nakazawa and Pat McKeown provide the following list of goals for precision ... Venkatesh, V. C. and Izman, Sudin, Precision Engineering , Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2007, page 6. ref Technical Societies American Society for Precision Engineering http www.euspen.eu euspen European Society for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology http www.jspe.or.jp english JSPE The Japan Society for Precision Engineering See also Abbe error Accuracy and precision Flexure ... Precision Engineering , the Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology ... www.cranfield.ac.uk sas precisionengineering Precision Engineering Centre at Cranfield University http www.cranfieldprecision.com history.php History of Precision Engineering http precisionengineeringyorkshire.co.uk Precision Engineering in Yorkshire ... more details
Precision Club is a bidding system in the game of contract bridge . It is a type of strong club system that was invented by C. C. Wei and used to good effect by Republic of China Taiwan teams in the early 1970s. Their success kicked off a wave of experimentation with strong club systems around the world. The central feature of the Precision system is that a bid of 1 Clubs is used to open any hand with 16 or more high card point s HCPs , regardless of distribution. An opening bid of one of a major suit signifies a five card suit and 11 15 HCPs. A 1NT opening bid signifies a balanced hand no five card major suit and 13 15 HCPs. Because all opening bids except 1 Clubs are limited, the responder almost immediately knows the hand potential and the chances for a part score, game or slam. After the success ... Italian Blue team bridge Blue team switched to Precision club and won yet another World Olympiad ... Precision . In North America, Precision sees relatively limited use as compared to Standard American and later 2 1 game forcing . Precision is generally more efficient and precise, as the name would ... misunderstandings and general guesswork that would be avoided by the simplest version of Precision. Multiple world champions Jeff Meckstroth and Eric Rodwell play a Precision Club system. Main opening ... Gambling 3nt Gambling , solid 7 card minor suit leading with AKQ, no outside strength Precision today There have been many variations since 1969 s Precision Club . 3NT is played as Gambling where it used ... Positive is used instead. Also, many systems using relay bid s are precision based, opening a strong ... Reese, Terence Precision Bidding and Precision Play http www.turboirc.com precisionPrecision Bidding at TurboIRC http www.bbo.pigpen.org.uk Precision Bidding at BIL Precision http www.iol.ie michael prec.html Problems With Precision Bidding Category Bridge systems bg nl Precisie bridge pl Precision Club sk Precision zh ... more details
Infobox Sailboat Specifications image Precision15.jpg crew 2 3 loa convert 15 ft m abbr on lwl convert 13 ft 9 in m abbr on beam convert 7 ft m abbr on draft convert 1 ft 8 in m abbr on br convert 3 ft 8 in m abbr on with keel hull convert 360 lb abbr on br convert 600 lb abbr on with keel mastheight convert 25 ft 4 in m abbr on mainsailandjib convert 130 sqft m2 abbr on mainsail jib spinnaker d pn rya pn phrf updated The Precision 15 is a self bailing dinghy designed by Jim Taylor in 1988. It is built at Precision Boatworks in Palmetto, Florida . External links http www.precisionboatworks.com Precision Boatworks website Sailing Dinghies and Skiffs Category Dinghies ... more details
Precision viticulture is precision farming applied to optimize vineyard performance, in particular maximizing .... Bramley, D. Lamb, and E. Winter. 2006. Precision Viticulture A New Era in Vineyard Management and Wine ... Journal of Grape and Wine Research 11 33 42. ref . Precision viticulture is based on the premise ... management customized according to local conditions. Precision viticulture depends on new and emerging .... Background Precision viticulture is unique in its emphasis on vineyard management according to local ... are generally recognized as leaders in precision viticulture, and while viticulturalists ... . Precision agriculture emphasizes doing the right thing, in the right place, at the right time , and is practical ... to CSIRO, Australia ref CSIRO, 2008. Australia Precision Viticulture Overview , http www.csiro.au science Precision Viticulture.html, accessed December 15, 2008 ref Typically grape yield varies ... precision viticulture has focused on yield monitoring, whereas California precision viticulture has ... Vineyard Variation Precision viticulture uses a broad set of enabling technologies to observe and respond ..., and temperature regimes. Precision Viticulture Management Practices Precision viticulture draws upon ... to minimize costs and maximize vineyard performance based on observed needs. Increasingly, precision ... are gaining increasing attention for application in precision viticulture Sensor Distributed Sensor ... make decisions. See also Precision agriculture Terroir Vineyard Viticulture Wine Winemaking References Reflist External links http www.csiro.au science Precision Viticulture.html CSIRO Australia Precision Viticulture Overview http www.precisionviticulture.org International Network on Precision Viticulture http www.usyd.edu.au su agric acpa people james PV PrecVit.html Precision Viticulture in Australia http precisionviticulture.com Precision Viticulture International http www.vines.org Docs Text WINE Encyclopedia precision viticulture.htm vines.org Wine Encyclopedia Precision Viticulture Further ... more details
Infobox airline airline Precision Air logo logo size 250 fleet size 11 destinations 14 IATA PW ICAO PRF callsign PRECISION parent Public company Public Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange DSE company slogan You ... Salaam frequent flyer PAA Royal alliance website http www.precisionairtz.com Homepage Precision Air Services Limited , operating as Precision Air , is the largest airline in Tanzania , based in Dar Es Salaam . ref http www.precisionairtz.com index.php contacts Contacts . Precision Air. Retrieved on 25 ... International page 65 date 2007 04 10 ref History Precision Air was established in 1991 and started ... services started in November 1999. In 2006 Precision became the first Tanzanian airline to pass ... that audit. Precision Air moved 465,349 passengers in the 2007 08 financial year, which increased to 538,305 in 2008 09. Ownership Prior to 2003, Precision Air was privately owned. That year, Kenya Airways ...?166432 Kenya Airways to buy 49 stake in Precision Air&s 65239916f267e7badc95da56df5480df Kenya Airways To Buy 49 of Precision Air ref In October 2011, Precision Air floated 30.35 shareholding in the airline ... http allafrica.com stories 201110180022.html Precision Air Goes Public In IPO on DSE ref In November ... article 2011 11 23 tanzania ipo idUSL5E7MN1IC20111123 Results of Precision Air IPO ref Since ... size 100 width 100 align center Precision Air Stock Ownership valign top class wikitable sortable style ... 35.52 4 Potential New Investor 17.44 Total 100.00 Destinations Image Precision Air ATR.JPG thumb right A Precision Air ATR 42 in Kenya. as of August 2011 , Precision Air maintains service to the following destinations ref name Route Maps cite web title Precision Air url http www.precisionairtz.com publisher Precision Air accessdate date 2011 11 11 ref class wikitable bgcolor 98FB98 width 20pt align ... center ref name Route Maps Fleet as of August 2011 , the Precision Air fleet includes the following aircraft ref http www.ch aviation.ch aircraft.php?search set&airline PW&al op 1 The Fleet of Precision ... more details
The precision rectifier , which is also known as a super diode , is a configuration obtained with an operational amplifier in order to have a electrical network circuit behaving like an ideal diode and rectifier . ref name HH89 Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, The Art of Electronics . 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989 ISBN 0 521 37095 7 ref It can be useful for high precision signal processing. NOTOC Basic circuit Image Op Amp Precision Rectifier.svg frame right A simple precision rectifier circuit. The basic circuit implementing such a feature is shown on the right, where math R mathrm L math can be any load. When the input voltage is negative, there is a negative voltage on the diode, too, so it works like an open circuit, there is no current in the load and the output voltage is zero. When the input is positive, it is amplified by the operational amplifier and it turns the diode on. There is current in the load and, because of the feedback , the output voltage is equal to the input. The actual threshold of the super diode is very close to zero but it is not zero. It equals the actual threshold of the diode divided by the gain of the operational amplifier. This basic configuration has a problem so it is not commonly used when the input becomes even slightly negative, the operational amplifier is running open loop, as there is no feedback signal through the diode ... the frequency response of the circuit. Improved circuit Image Op Amp Precision Rectifier Improved .svg frame right An improved precision rectifier circuit. An alternative version is given on the right ... be used to create a precision full wave rectifier circuit. Peak detector With little modification the basic precision rectifier can be used also for detecting peak levels of a signal. In the following ... http www.play hookey.com analog half wave rectifier.html Precision half wave rectifier http www.play hookey.com analog full wave rectifier.html Precision full wave rectifier http www5b.biglobe.ne.jp ... more details
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