Image Grand prismatic spring.jpg right thumb 300px Thermophile s, a type of extremophile, produce some of the bright colors of Grand Prismatic Spring , Yellowstone National Park An extremophile from Latin lang la extremus meaning extreme and Greek lang grc Latn phili lang grc meaning love is an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme environment extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth . ref Rampelotto, P. H. 2010 . Resistance of microorganisms to extreme environmental conditions and its contribution to Astrobiology. Sustainability, 2, 1602 1623. ref ref Rothschild, L.J. Mancinelli, R.L. Life in extreme environments. Nature 2001, 409, 1092 1101 ref In contrast, organisms that live in more moderate environments may be termed mesophile s or neutrophile s. The category name is unfortunate as it calls for subjective judgements of two issues firstly, the degree of deviation from normal justifying the use of extreme , and secondly, whether the organism prefers the environment or merely tolerates it. In the 1980s and 1990s, biologists found that microbial ... to use the term extremophile to encompass all archaeans, as some are Mesophile mesophilic . Neither ... subsurface, as well as in oceanic trench es Polyextremophile An organism that qualifies as an extremophile ... hydrothermal vents at the ocean floor. Recent research carried out on extremophile s in Japan ... 2264 330 cite journal title Extremophile author C.Michael Hogan coauthors journal Encyclopedia of Earth ... year 2010 month url http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 External links wikinewspar ... 514&objID 2660&parentname CommunityPage&parentid 0&mode 2&in hi userid 200&cached true Extremophile ... Laboratory Extremophile Category Bacteria Category Microbial growth and nutrition Category Extremophiles ... ca Extremof lia cs Extr mofil de Extremophile et Ekstremofiil es Extrem filo fr Extr mophile hi ... pt Extrem filo ru simple Extremophile sl Ekstremofil fi Ekstremofiili sv Extremofil ta ... more details
mergeto Extremophile date March 2011 A polyextremophile faux Ancient Greek for friend of many extremes is an organism which combines several extremophile extremophilic features. For example, a polyextremophile living at the summit of a mountain in the Atacama Desert might be a radioresistant xerophile , a psychrophile , and an oligotroph . Polyextremophiles are well known for their ability to tolerate both high and low pH levels. See also Deinococcus radiodurans Tardigrade Extremophile External links http www.daviddarling.info encyclopedia P polyextremophile.html Polyextremophile on David Darling s Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight Extremophile ecology stub Microbiology stub Category Polyextremophiles Category Ecology fr Polyextr mophile no Polyekstremofile organismer pt Poliextrem filo ... more details
Metallotolerants are extremophile s that are able to survive in environments with a high concentration of dissolved Heavy metal chemistry heavy metal s in solution. Metallotolerants may be found in environments containing arsenic , cadmium , copper , and zinc . Known metallotolerants include Ferroplasma sp. and Cupriavidus metallidurans . References Reflist refbegin Extremophile Category Metallotolerants microbiology stub id Metalotoleran ru uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 See also Neutrophil granulocyte A neutrophile is an organism that thrives in neutral pH environments. See also Acidophile organisms Acidophile Alkaliphile Extremophile Category Microbiology Microbiology stub fr Neutrophile nn N ytrofil sq Neutrofilia ... more details
An extreme environment exhibits extreme conditions which are challenging to most life forms. These may be extremely high or low ranges of temperature, radiation, pressure, acidity, alkalinity, air, water, salt, sugar, carbon dioxide, sulphur, petroleum and many others. An extreme environment is one where humans generally do not live. There are organisms referred to as extremophile s, that inhabit these spaces and are so well adapted that they readily grow and multiply. Examples of extreme environments include the geographical pole s, very dry deserts , volcano es, deep ocean trenches, upper atmosphere , outer space and other planets . See also Portal box Environment Ecology Ecology Extremophile Extreme environment clothing Natural environment References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Extreme Environment Category Extremophiles Category Geography geo term stub environment stub ... more details
orphan date May 2010 An extremozyme is an enzyme , often created by extremophiles that can function under extreme environmental conditions such as very high pH , very low pH , high temperature , high salinity , or other factors, that would otherwise Denaturation biochemistry denature typical enzymes e.g. catalase , rubisco , carbonic anhydrase . ref http www.ornl.gov info ornlreview rev32 3 amazing.htm ref See also Extremophile Berkeley Pit Enzyme Polypeptide Protein Allostery References reflist Category Proteins Category Extremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox image Waterbear.jpg image width 288px image caption Hypsibius dujardini subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1969 Hypsibiidae is a family of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Genera Acutuncus Astatumen Diphascon Doryphoribius Eremobiotus Halobiotus Hebesuncus Hypsibius Isohypsibius Itaquascon Mesocrista Mixibius Paradiphascon Parascon Platicrista Pseudobiotus Ramajendas Ramazzottius Thulinius References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
Automatic taxobox fossil range fossil range Cretaceous Recent ref ref name Budd2001 cite doi 10.1078 0044 5231 00034 ref image Waterbear.jpg image caption Hypsibius dujardini subdivision see text Parachaela is an order of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Families Beornidae Calohypsibiidae Eohypsibiidae Hypsibiidae Macrobiotidae Microhypsibiidae Necopinatidae References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Bertolani, 2003 Thulinius is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Thulinius augusti small Murray, 1907 small Thulinius ruffoi small Bertolani, 1982 small Thulinius stephaniae small Pilato, 1974 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato & Binda, 1991 Ramajendas is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Ramajendas frigidus small Pilato and Binda, 1991 small Ramajendas heatwolei small Miller, Horning and Dastych, 1995 small Ramajendas renaudi small Ramazzotti, 1972 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Xerophiles ... more details
Automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1997 Astatumen is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Astatumen bartosi small W glarska, 1959 small Astatumen tamaensis small Sudzuki 1975 small Astatumen tamurai small Ito 1990 small Astatumen trinacriae small Arcidiacono, 1962 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Kristensen, 1982 Halobiotus is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Halobiotus arcturulius small Crisp and Kristensen, 1983 small Halobiotus crispae small Kristensen, 1982 small Halobiotus stenostomus small Richters, 1908 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato and Binda, 1987 Parascon is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . ref ITIS report Parascon Pilato and Binda, 1987 http www.itis.gov servlet SingleRpt SingleRpt?search topic TSN&search value 710237 ref Species Parascon nichollsae small Pilato and Lisi, 2004 small Parascon schusteri small Pilato & Binda 1987 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1987 Mesocrista is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Mesocrista marcusi small Rudescu, 1964 small Mesocrista spitzbergensis small Richters, 1903 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1987 Hebesuncus is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Hebesuncus conjungens small Thulin 1911 small Hebesuncus ryani small Dastych and Harris, 1994 small Hebesuncus schusteri small Dastych, 1984 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Biserov, 1992 Eremobiotus is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Eremobiotus alicatai small Binda 1969 small Eremobiotus ovezovae small Biserov, 1992 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Extremophiles ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox settlement name Onverwacht nickname image skyline image caption pushpin map Suriname mapsize 150px map caption The location of Paramaribo in Suriname subdivision type List of countries Country subdivision name Suriname subdivision type1 Districts of Suriname District subdivision name1 Para District latd 5 latm 35 lats 30 latNS N longd 55 longm 10 longs 40 longEW W coordinates type region SR type city coordinates display display inline,title timezone ART utc offset 3 Onverwacht lit. in Dutch language Dutch Unexpect is a capital town of Para District , Suriname . It is located at around Coord 5 35 30 N 55 11 40 W region SR type city . The locality is notable for finding of some of the earliest known evidence of bacteria is in Onverwacht shales, C.Michael Hogan. 2010 dating to several billion years before present. References C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http www.eoearth.org article Extremophile?topic 49540 Extremophile . eds. E.Monosson and C.Cleveland. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC. Category Populated places in Para District Suriname geo stub de Onverwacht Suriname es Onverwacht lt Onvervachtas nl Onverwacht pl Onverwacht ro Onverwacht ru srn Onverwacht ... more details
italictitle Taxobox name Paralvinella sulfincola image Palm worms.jpg regnum Animal ia phylum Annelid Annelida classis Polychaeta ordo Terebellida familia Alvinellidae genus Paralvinella species P. sulfincola binomial Paralvinella sulfincola Paralvinella sulfincola is a species of worm of the Alvinellidae family that thrives on undersea hot water vents. It dwells in the hottest of waters, thriving in temperatures that would kill most other animals. This characteristic makes it an extremophile or, more specifically, a hyperthermophile . Their unique abilities to withstand hot water shooting like a geyser from hydrothermal openings enables the stalk like worms to prey on bacteria that other animals cannot reach. It is difficult to know precisely which temperatures the worms can tolerate, since the water from vents pours out at temperatures beyond the boiling point, but cools quickly in the chilly sea water. They belong to the polychaetes group. These worms construct tubes made out of mucus, and are completely mobile. Their appearance resembles that of a tiny red palm tree with red gills. See also Pompeii worm External links http www.pmel.noaa.gov vents nemo explorer bio gallery biogallery Info.00044.html Photo gallery at NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory Extremophile annelid stub Category Terebellida Category Thermophiles Category Organisms living on hydrothermal vents es Paralvinella nl Paralvinella sulfincola ... more details
Information Description A microscopic photograph of fluorescent stained Spirochaeta americana . The red spiral shaped figures are dead cells green ones are living. Credit Richard B. Hoover, Elena Pikuta and Asim Bej, NASA NSSTC University of Alabama at Huntsville, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Source http science.nasa.gov headlines y2008 images cloroxlake Sa big.jpg via http science.nasa.gov headlines y2008 07feb cloroxlake.htm NASA Extremophile hunt begins Date 7 February 2008 Location NASA , University of Alabama at Huntsville Author Richard Hoover UofA, Huntsville NASA Permission PD USGov NASA other versions Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Svenbot priority true ... more details
taxobox image regnum Animal ia phylum Tardigrada a classis Heterotardigrada ordo Echiniscoidea familia Echiniscidae genus Echiniscus species E. testudo binomial Echiniscus testudo binomial authority Doy re, 1840 ref http sn2000.taxonomy.nl taxonomicon TaxonTree.aspx?id 152107&tree 0.1 Echiniscus testudo Hierarchy The Taxonomicon ref Echiniscus testudo is a species of tardigrade native to China , Greenland , and Mongolia . ref http sn2000.taxonomy.nl taxonomicon TaxonProperties.aspx Echiniscus testudo Properties The Taxonomicon ref References Reflist Extremophile Category Polyextremophiles Category Tardigrades tardigrade stub nl Echiniscus testudo ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1987 Platicrista is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Platicrista affine small Mihelcic, 1951 small Platicrista angustata small Murray, 1905 small Platicrista cheleusis small Kathman 1990 small Platicrista horribilis small Kaczmarek and Michalczyk, 2003 small Platicrista itaquasconoide small Durante and Maucci, 1975 small Platicrista ramsayi small Marley, 2006 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1992 Mixibius is a genus of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . Species Mixibius fueginus small Pilato and Binda, 1996 small Mixibius ninguidus small Biserov, 1999 small Mixibius ornatus small Pilato, Binda, Napolitano and Moncada, 2002 small Mixibius saracenus small Pilato, 1973 small Mixibius sutirae small Pilato, Binda and Lisi, 2004 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Ramazzotti and Maucci, 1983 Necopinatidae is a family of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . It contains the following species in two genera Apodibius Apodibius confusus small Dastych, 1983 small Apodibius nuntius small Binda, 1986 small Apodibius richardi small Vargha, 1995 small Apodibius serventyi small Morgan & Nicholls 1986 small Necopinatum Necopinatum mirabile small Pilato, 1971 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
automatic taxobox subdivision see text authority Pilato, 1998 Microhypsibiidae is a family of water bear or moss piglet , a tardigrada tardigrade in the class Eutardigrada . It contains the following species in two genera Fractonotus Fractonotus caelatus small Marcus 1928 small Microhypsibius Microhypsibius bertolanii small Kristensen, 1982 small Microhypsibius japonicus small Ito, 1991 small Microhypsibius minimus small Kristensen, 1982 small Microhypsibius truncatus small Thulin, 1928 small References reflist External links Animalia Extremophile Category Tardigrades Category Polyextremophiles ... more details
Cryozoa are organism s capable of surviving temperatures below 0 C for extended periods. Sperm and bacterial cultures are routinely preserved in liquid nitrogen at 196 C, while the nematode Panagrolaimus davidi can survive freezing of all of its body water. Other organisms such as some frogs, turtles and snakes may freeze their extracellular water to safeguard their cells during low temperatures and make use of antifreeze proteins . Cryozoa include cryophile s, which not only survive low temperatures, but are capable of growth and reproduction in such conditions. Extremophile Category Cryozoa id Kriozoa ... more details
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