In predicate logic , an existentialquantification is the predication ref The term predication in grammar means the predicate of a sentence which refers to subject and is an adverb or adjective, or equivalent, that describes an attribute of the subject. In logic, predication is a declaration or assertion that is claimed to be self evident and can be assumed as the basis for argument. ref of a property or relation to at least one member of the domain. It is denoted by the logical operator symbol pronounced there exists or for some , which is called the existential quantifier . Existentialquantification is distinct from universal quantification universal quantification for all , which asserts that the property or relation holds for any members of the domain. Symbols are encoded unichar 2203 THERE EXISTS note as a mathematical symbol html ulink and unichar 2204 THERE DOES NOT EXIST html . Basics Consider a formula that states that some natural number multiplied by itself is 25. blockquote 0 0 25, or 1 1 25, or 2 2 25, or 3 3 25, and so on. blockquote This would seem to be a logical disjunction because of the repeated use of or . However, the and so on makes this impossible to integrate and to interpret as a disjunction in formal logic . Instead, the statement could be rephrased more formally as blockquote For some natural number n , n n 25. blockquote This is a single statement using existentialquantification. This statement is more precise than the original one, as the phrase and so on does not necessarily include all natural number s, and nothing more. Since the domain was not stated explicitly, the phrase could not be interpreted formally. In the quantified statement, on the other ... solution is enough to prove the existentialquantification true. In contrast, For some even number ... serif font is used to indicate existentialquantification. ref This symbol is also known as the existential ... See also Uniqueness quantification Quantifier s First order logic Category Logic Category Quantification ... more details
kinds of quantification in predicate logic predicate logic are universal quantification and existentialquantification . The traditional symbol for the universal quantifier all is , an inverted letter A , and for the existential quantifier exists is , a rotated letter E . These quantifiers have ... of two primes, or 8 is not the sum of two primes, ... which can be rephrased using existentialquantification ... not devise an explicit notation for existentialquantification, instead employing his equivalent ... another notation, namely x for the universal quantification of x and in 1897 x for the existentialquantification ...Quantification has several distinct senses. In mathematics and empirical science , it is the act of counting ... member s of some Set mathematics set of number s. Quantification in this sense is fundamental to the scientific method . In logic , quantification is the binding of a variable ranging over a domain of discourse ... called a quantifier . Academic discussion of quantification refers more often to this meaning of the term ... quantifiers at the semantic level. Natural language All known human languages make use of quantification ..., for mathematical assertions, the quantification process is syntactically more straightforward. The study of quantification in natural languages is much more difficult than the corresponding problem ... . See also Number names Logic In language and logic , quantification is a construct that specifies .... A language element which generates a quantification is called a quantifier. The resulting expression ... by the quantifier. Quantification is used in both natural language s and formal language s. Examples ..., quantification is a formula constructor that produces new formulas from old ones. The semantics ... uses universal quantification For any natural number n , n 2 n n . A similar analysis applies to the disjunction ... s whose model theory models include formal language s with quantification, but progress has been slow ... symbol for the existential quantifier is , a rotated letter E , which stands for the word exists . Other ... more details
P y . math Generalizations One generalization of uniqueness quantification is counting quantification . This includes both quantification of the form exactly k objects exist such that as well ... in ordinary first order logic . Math stub Category Quantification Category One Category Mathematical ... more details
quantification is an existentialquantification of that propositional function s negation symbolically ..., then P c only implies an existentialquantification of the propositional function. Discuss universally ... every Existentialquantification Quantifier s First order logic Notes references group note References ...In predicate logic , universal quantification formalizes the notion that something a logical predicate is true for everything , or every relevant thing. The resulting statement is a universally quantified ... to denote universal quantification, and is often informally read as given any or for all . Quantification in general is covered in the article on quantification . Basics Suppose it is given that blockquote ... n . blockquote This is a single statement using universal quantification. This statement can be said ... more, this was not rigorously given. In the universal quantification, on the other hand, the natural ... quantification false. On the other hand, for all composite number s n , 2 n 2 n is true, because ... of discourse with quantified statements can be found in the Quantification article. ref In particular ... a certain predicate, then for universal quantification this requires a logical conditional . For example ... is used to indicate universal quantification. Thus if P n is the predicate 2 n 2 n and N is the Set ... for quantification which apply to all forms can be found in the quantification article. There is a special notation used only for universal quantification, which is given math n in mathbb N , P n math The parentheses indicate universal quantification by default. Properties We need a list of algebraic properties of universal quantification, such as distributivity over conjunction, and so on. Also ... Universe of Discourse X of all living human beings, the universal quantification blockquote Given ... exists x in mathbf X , lnot P x math Other connectives The universal and existential quantifier ... Kew Books year 2011 isbn 978 0 646 54509 7 ch. 2 Category Quantification ca Quantificador universal ... more details
. Boolos argued that 2nd order monadic existentialquantification may be systematically interpreted in terms of plural existentialquantification, and that, therefore, 2nd order monadic existentialquantification is ontologically innocent . Later, Oliver & Smiley 2001 , Rayo 2002 , Yi 2005 and McKay ... developed ideas for a semantics of plurals. Plural quantification Standard first order logic has ... into a formal language commits us to quantification over i.e. the existence of sets. But it seems ... also seem innocent of any existential assumptions. If true, they are about individuals ... and obviously free of existential commitment. But when I utter there are critics who admire only ... University Press. Cite journal last1 Uzquiano first1 Gabriel year 2003 title Plural Quantification ... 34 459&ndash 506. External links sep entry plural quant Plural quantification ystein Linnebo Web ... David Nicholas. Category Quantification es Cuantificaci n plural ... more details
A counting quantifier is a Mathematics mathematical term for a quantifier of the form there exists at least k elements that satisfy property X . In first order logic with equality, counting quantifiers can be defined in terms of ordinary quantifiers, so in this context they are a notational shorthand. However, they are interesting in the context of logics such as two variable logic with counting that restrict the number of variables in formulas. Also, generalized counting quantifiers that say there exists infinitely many are not expressible using a finite number of formulas in first order logic. References Erich Graedel, Martin Otto, and Eric Rosen. Two Variable Logic with Counting is Decidable. In Proceedings of 12th IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science LICS 97, Warschau. 1997. http www mgi.informatik.rwth aachen.de Publications pub graedel gorc2.ps Category Quantification logic stub ... more details
Virus quantification involves counting the number of viruses in a specific volume to determine the virus concentration. It is utilized in both research and development R&D in commercial and academic laboratories as well as production situations where the quantity of virus at various steps is an important ... and viral antigens all require virus quantification to continually adapt and monitor the process ... new commercially available products and kits that greatly reduce quantification time. This is not meant ... may exist for virus quantification, non commercial methods are not discussed here. Traditional methods ... based virus quantification assays. In general, these methods quantify either the amount of all protein ... or virus particles. Quantification most commonly relies on fluorescence detection. Some assay variations ... to allow virus growth prior to protein quantification. The variation used depends primarily ... assay The hemagglutination assay HA is a common non fluorescence protein quantification ... on a simple colorimetric measurement and is the most common protein quantification assay. BCA ... to zone diameters for known protein standards for quantification. ref Cite journal last Rodda ... that can be used for virus quantification. For example, the Virus Counter is a benchtop flow cytometer designed specifically for virus quantification by InDevR Inc. ref http www.indevr.com products ... cytometers, which enables efficient detection and accurate quantification of viruses while maintaining ... high enough concentrations for detection and quantification by fluorescence. In general, quantification ... allows relative quantification through comparison of Ct values PCR cycles that show statistically ... quantification, the ratio of whole virions to copies of nucleic acid is seldom one to one due ... available from numerous companies and quantification generally occurs via chromogenic reporters or fluorescence ... to that category using the dmoz template. No More Links DEFAULTSORT Virus Quantification Category ... more details
Uncertainty quantification UQ is the science of quantitative characterization and reduction of Uncertainty uncertainties in applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a human body in a head on crash with another car even if we exactly knew the speed, small differences in the manufacturing of individual cars, how tightly every bolt has been tightened, etc, will lead to different results that can only be predicted in a statistical sense. Many problems in the natural sciences and engineering are also rife with sources of uncertainty. computer model Computer simulation modeling is the most commonly used approach to study problems in uncertainty quantification UQ . Reasons for uncertainties Uncertainty can enter numerical or mathematical models in various different contexts. For example 1. The model structure, i.e., how accurately a mathematical model describes the true system for a real life situation, may only be known approximately. Models are almost always only approximations to reality. For example, the Maxwell equations describe electromagnetic fields very well yet, it is known that quantum electrodynamics is the correct description if field strengths become large. 2. The numerical approximation, i.e., how appropriately a numerical method is used in approximating the operation of the system. Most models are too complicated to solve exactly. For example the finite element method may be used to approximate the solution of a partial differential equation , but this introduces an error the difference between the exact and the numerical solution . 3. Input and or model parameters may only be known approximately. For example, simulating the take off ..., both kinds of uncertainties are often present. Uncertainty quantification intends to work toward reducing type 2 uncertainties to type 1. The quantification for the type 1 uncertainty is relatively straightforward ... more details
An existential graph is a type of diagram matic or visual notation for logical expressions, proposed ... Peirce proposed three systems of existential graphs alpha , isomorphism isomorphic to sentential ... part of a line of identity has even odd depth, the associated variable is tacitly existential ... gone unremarked to this day, but we included it in Wikipedia anyway. Peirce s role The existential graphs ... Boolean algebra , propositional logic propositional calculus , quantification and the first order ... existential graphs, called the entitative graph s. He very soon abandoned this formalism in favor of the existential ... of Charles Sanders Peirce . Volume 4, Book II Existential Graphs , consists of paragraphs 347 584, which constitute the locus citandum for the existential graphs. Paragraphs 347 349 II.1.1. Logical ... and Christine Ladd Franklin C.S.P., C.L.F. . Paragraphs 394 417 II.3. Existential Graphs from Peirce ... 418 509 II.4. On Existential Graphs, Euler s Diagrams, and Logical Algebra from Logical Tracts, No. 2 manuscript 492 , c. 1903. Paragraphs 510 529 II.5. The Gamma Part of Existential Graphs from ... literature Hammer, Eric M. 1998 , Semantics for Existential Graphs, Journal of Philosophical Logic ... , American Journal of Semiotics v. I, n. 1 2, pp. 47 83. Article is an introduction to existential graphs. 1990 , Elements of Logic An Introduction to Peirce s Existential Graphs , Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, TX, 99 pages, spiral bound. Roberts, Don D. 1964 , Existential Graphs and Natural ... and understanding for Peirce s graphical logic. 1973 . The Existential Graphs of C.S. Peirce. John ... Quantification, Journal of Symbolic Logic 32 480 504. External links Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ... . Employs parentheses notation. Dau, Frithjof, http www.dr dau.net eg readings.shtml Peirce s Existential Graphs Readings and Links. An annotated bibliography on the existential graphs. Gottschall, Christian ... facu liuxinwen 01.htm The literature of C.S. Peirce s Existential Graphs via Internet Archive ... more details
notability date January 2011 primary sources date January 2011 COI date January 2011 Existential counselling is a Philosophy philosophical form of counselling which addresses the situation of a person s life and situates the person firmly within the predictable challenges of the human condition. Existential counselling considers human living to take place within four dimensions physical, social, psychological and spiritual. It shows each of these dimensions to be constituted like a force field, within which predictable paradoxes, tensions and dilemmas play out. Human beings can learn to deal with these tensions and conflicts more effectively by facing up to the negatives as well as the positives of their lives, including the tensions of life and death, love and hate, strength and weakness and meaning and absurdity. Best known authors on existential counselling are Irvin Yalom in the USA through his book Existential Psychotherapy 1981 New York Basic Books and Emmy van Deurzen , who created the British School and who published her book Existential Counselling and Psychotherapy in 1988 London Sage Publications second edition 2002, third edition 2011 . See also Existential therapy Uncategorized date January 2011 ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 Image Ex risks.svg thumb 350px right Scope intensity grid from Bostrom s existential risk paper. In futures studies , an existential risk is a risk that is both global affects ... an existential risk as a risk where an adverse outcome would either annihilate Earth originating intelligent ... date March 2002 title Existential Risks ref The term is frequently used in transhumanist and Singularitarian ... of existential risks from advanced technology are those of computer scientist Bill Joy , who envisages ... powers, transhumanist thinkers typically acknowledge that the same technologies could bring existential ... and magnitude to the existential risks or that the risky technology would be impossible to prevent ... extensive discussion of possible existential risks and possible radical benefits from emerging technologies. Quotes Our approach to existential risks cannot be one of trial and error. There is no opportunity ... moral and economic of such actions. Nick Bostrom Reducing existential risk just means saving the whales ... paradox Organizations formed to prevent or mitigate existential risks Center for Responsible Nanotechnology ... a Friendly AI to help us avoid existential risks Foresight Institute for safe nanotechnology ... to civilization, humans and planet Earth and Human extinction list a number of potential existential risks. References Reflist External links Articles and Essays http www.nickbostrom.com existential risks.html Existential Risks Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios The original essay by Nick Bostrom ... Human Development A paper by Nick Bostrom on the ethical importance of existential risk http www.singinst.org ... es hamper our judgement of existential risk. http www.wired.com wired archive 8.04 joy pr.html Why ... of existential threat the role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience ... of existential threat the role of trait mindfulness in reducing defensive responses to mortality salience 20100728 Being present in the face of existential threat The role of trait mindfulness in reducing ... more details
Existential Migration is a concept derived from Phenomenology philosophy phenomenological research Madison, 2006 into the lives of voluntary wikt migration migrants who have chosen to leave their country of origin in order to live as alien law foreigners in a new land. This research was originally published in a peer review ed journal and has over the past three years generated interest amongst existential practitioners, migration scholars, and psychologists interested in migration. According to Madison ... of forced migration . Existential migration is conceived as a chosen attempt to express something ... as the new concept of existential migration, the research proposed a novel definition of home as interaction .... Existential migration suggests reformulations of the psychological underpinnings of migration studies ... research that gave rise to the concept of existential migration Madison, 2006 also suggests ... in person and home environment since the original leaving. The concept of existential migration ... existential motivations for migration. The concept has commonalities with some of the work on cosmopolitanism ... Global Nomads Sources Hayes, Helen 2008 Be coming Home An Existential Perspective on Migration, Settlement and the Meanings of Home. Existential Analysis , 18.1 2 16 This article offers different original research which references the concept of Existential Migration while offering a different point of view on some similar phenomena. Greg Madison Madison, Greg 2006 Existential Migration. Existential ... 2007 Unsettling Thought. Existential Analysis , 18.2 220 29 This article is a reply to Hayes article ... African http london.thesouthafrican.com living in london Expat identity Are you an existential migrant Is Travel an Existential Need? July 7, 2009 Matador Network http matadorabroad.com existential migration is travel an existential need Existential Migration March, 2008 Coaching Matters, Issue 6, page 5 Existential Migration. Voluntary Migrants Experiences of Not Being at home in the World Madison ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Existential phenomenology is a philosophy philosophical current inspired by Martin Heidegger s 1927 work Sein und Zeit Being and Time and influenced by the existential work of S ren Kierkegaard and the phenomenological work of Edmund Husserl . In contrast with his former mentor Husserl, Heidegger put ontology before epistemology and thought that Phenomenology philosophy phenomenology would have to be based on an observation and analysis of Dasein being there , human being, investigating the fundamental ontology of the Lebenswelt Lifeworld Husserl s term underlying all so called regional ontologies of the special sciences. In contrast with the philosopher Kierkegaard, Heidegger wanted to explore the problem of Dasein existentially existenzial , rather than existentiell y existenziell because Heidegger argued Kierkegaard had already described the latter with penetrating fashion . Citation needed date September 2010 Development of existential phenomenology Besides Heidegger, other existential phenomenologists were Hannah Arendt , Emmanuel Levinas , Gabriel Marcel , Jean Paul Sartre , Maurice Merleau Ponty , and Samuel Todes . Other disciplines Existential phenomenology extends also to other disciplines. For example, Leo Steinberg s momentous essay The Philosophical Brothel describes Picasso s Les Demoiselles d Avignon in a perspective which is existential phenomenological. See also Existentialism Phenomenology philosophy DEFAULTSORT Existential Phenomenology Category Observation Category Existentialism Category Phenomenology Category Concepts in epistemology Philo stub da Eksistentiel f nomenologi ... more details
Expert subject Philosophy Logic date September 2009 No footnotes date November 2010 The existential fallacy , or existential instantiation , is a logical fallacy in Boolean logic while it isn t in Aristotelian logic . In an existential fallacy, we presuppose that a class has members even when we are not explicitly told so that is, we assume that the class has existential import . An existential fallacy committed in a categorical syllogism is validity invalid because it has two universal premises and a particular conclusion. In other words, for the conclusion to be true, at least one member of the class must exist, but the premises do not establish this. Boolean logic In modern times, presupposition that a class has members is seen as unacceptable. In 1905, Bertrand Russell wrote an essay entitled The Existential Import of Proposition , in which he called this Boolean approach Guiseppe Peano Peano s interpretation . The fallacy does not occur in enthymeme s, where hidden premises required to make the syllogism valid assume the existence of at least one member of the class. Examples 1st example Let S subject and P predicate. Consider the following two propositions A proposition says, All S is P. I proposition says, Some S is P. This is an existential fallacy of subalternation . However, in Aristotelian logic, this mode of reasoning is perfectly permissible. Let S soldiers and P heroes. We then have All S soldiers are P heroes . Some S is P. That is, if all soldiers are heroes, then at least one of them must be a hero. Nevertheless, Boole came around with his objection. He said .... This conclusion is an existential fallacy. The absurdity of the result become especially evident ... 2 to its subaltern 3 . The existential fallacy is a syllogistic fallacy . Modern logical constructs ... reflist External links http www.fallacyfiles.org existent.html Fallacy files existential fallacy http www.swif.uniba.it lei foldop foldoc.cgi?existential fallacy FOLDOC existential fallacy Formal ... more details
Citations missing article date February 2007 Existential psychotherapy is a philosophical method of therapy ... with the givens of existence. ref Yalom, I. 1980 Existential psychotherapy ,New York Basic ... attendant responsibility , existential isolation referring to Phenomenology psychology Phenomenology ... of existential psychotherapy and compose the framework in which a therapist conceptualizes a client s problem in order to develop a method of treatment. In the British School of Existential therapy ... and Uberwelt . Emmy van Deurzen 2010 in her Handbook of Existential Psychotherapy, Everyday Mysteries ... who are especially pertinent to the development of existential psychotherapy are those whose work ... importance and that have been directly responsible for the generation of existential therapy are Phenomenology philosophy phenomenology and existential philosophy . The starting point of existential ... people to transcend the mores of civilization and choose their own standards. The important existential ... Sartre 1905 80 contributed many other strands of existential exploration, particularly in terms ... than the ones mentioned above. There is much to be learned from existential authors such as Karl ... to bring existential insights to his work with patients, in the Kreuzlingen sanatorium where ... impact on the popularization of existential ideas as a basis for therapy Valle and King, 1978 ...., 1958 kept the existential influence alive in America, leading eventually to a specific formulation ... by these ideas. In Europe existential ideas were combined with some psychoanalytic principles and a method of existential analysis was developed by Medard Boss 1957a, 1957b, 1979 in close co operation with Heidegger. In Austria , Viktor Frankl developed an existential therapy called logotherapy ... became a fertile ground for the further development of the existential approach when R. D. Laing ... Sartre s existential ideas as the basis for their work Laing, 1960, 1961 Cooper, 1967 Laing and Cooper ... more details
An existential crisis is a stage of development at which an individual questions the very foundations of his or her life whether their life has any meaning, purpose or value. ref citation url http books.google.com books?id fAFg7z93gDwC&pg PA13 title Crisis intervention strategies author Richard K. James ref This issue of the meaning and purpose of existence is the topic of the philosophical school of existentialism . Description An existential crisis may result from The sense of being alone and isolated in the world A new found grasp or appreciation of one s mortality Understanding that one s life ... An existential crisis is often provoked by a significant event in the person s life marriage, separation ..., thus revealing the psychological repression of said awareness. An existential crisis may resemble ..., an existential crisis stems from a person s new perception of life and existence. When a person .... Handling existential crises There is no one given therapy therapeutic method in modern psychology known to coerce a person out of existential despair the issue is seldom, if at all, addressed from ... symptoms of an existential crisis. ref name Ingram cite web url http www.interactivebuddha.com ... Prince Hamlet experiences an existential crisis as a result of the death of his father. This is shown ... Depersonalization Desiderata Ego death Existentialism Existential risk Meaning of life Mystical experiences ..., Caring Science as Sacred Science 2005. Chapter 4 Existential Crisis in Science and Human Sciences . P. Strang, Existential crisis of the dying physician . Lakartidningen, 2004. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov T.M. Cousineau, A. Seibring, M.T. Barnard, P 673 Making meaning of infertility Existential crisis or personal ... Webb ExistentialDepressionInGiftedIndividuals.shtml Existential depression in gifted individuals ... Existential Crisis Category Existentialism Category Personal life Category Philosophy of life ... crisis ru simple Existential crisis ... more details
Humanism Existential humanism is a concept that can be understood in several different ways. Sartre said Existentialism is a humanism because it expresses the power of human beings to make freely willed choices, independent of the influence of religion or society. Kierkegaard suggested that the best use of our capacity for making choices is to freely choose to live a fully human life that incorporates traditional human structures such as marriage. Camus , in his book The Plague , suggests that some of us may choose to be heroic, even knowing that it will bring us neither reward nor salvation, and Simone de Beauvoir , in her book The Ethics of Ambiguity , argues that embracing our own personal freedom requires us to fight for the freedoms of all humanity. See also Existentialism Humanism External links http kitoba.com pedia Christian 20Existential 20Humanism.html Christian Existential Humanism http kitoba.com pedia Kierkegaards 20Narrative.html Kierkegaard s Narrative An existential humanist plot outline http www.marxists.org reference archive sartre works exist sartre.htm Existentialism Is a Humanism by Jean Paul Sartre http www.marxists.org reference subject ethics de beauvoir ambiguity index.htm Ethics of Ambiguity by Simone de Beauvoir Category Existentialism philo stub ... more details
Existential clauses are clauses that indicate only an existence. In English, they are formed with the dummy subject construction also known as expletive with there , e.g. There are boys in the yard . Many languages do not require a dummy subject, e.g. Finnish language Finnish , where the sentence Pihalla on poikia is literally On the yard is boys . Some languages have a different verb for this purpose, e.g. Swedish language Swedish finnas , as in, Det finns pojkar p g rden , which is literally It is found boys on the yard or, more accurately, It exists boys on the yard . On the other hand, some languages do not require a copula at all, and sentences analogous to In the yard boys are used. Possession or being under influence of something may also be indicated by existential clauses, e.g. Irish T ocras orm There is hunger on me , or Hungarian Van egy halam I have a fish literally Is a fish my , or also Hungarian Anna sz p Anna is beautiful literally Anna beautiful . Existential clauses indicating possession Some languages use existential clauses to indicate possession. Consider the following Hebrew sentence y sh l i ha s fer ha z EXISTENTIAL.COPULA DATIVE 1st.person.singular DEFINITE book DEFINITE masculine.singular.PROXIMAL.DEMONSTRATIVE There is for me the book the this I have this book According to linguist Ghil ad Zuckermann, the Hebrew existential construction employed to mark possession was reinterpreted in Israeli his term for Modern Hebrew to fit in with the habere to have construction, requiring the direct object, which is predominant in Yiddish and other European languages such as English in I have this book , this book is the direct object of have . Consider the following ... and R. Goedemans eds. 2006. The Blackwell Companion to Syntax . London Blackwell, London. see Existential ... survey . Amsterdam John Benjamins. Milsark, G. L. 1979. Existential Sentences in English . New York ... Press. syntax stub Category Syntactic entities DEFAULTSORT Existential Clause ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Quantification of margins and uncertainties QMU is a mathematical formalism developed within the U.S. nuclear weapons establishment to evaluate the designer s confidence that nuclear weapon s, if used, will perform adequately. This formalism is a part of the process of nuclear weapon certification, a step following the design but preceding the deployment of the new Reliable Replacement Warhead . Defined by Sharp and Wood Schultz as a framework that captures what we do and do not know about the performance of a nuclear weapon in a way that can be used to address risk and risk mitigation, ref cite journal url http www.fas.org sgp othergov doe lanl pubs las28 sharp.pdf title QMU and Nuclear Weapons Certification What s under the Hood? author David H. Sharp and Merri M. Wood Schultz journal Los Alamos Science volume 28 pages 47 53 date 2003 ref , the precise meaning and scope of the term was reportedly unclear at the time of a later JASON study. ref cite web url http www.fas.org irp agency dod jason margins.pdf title Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties publisher JASON The Mitre Corporation volume JASON report JSR 04 330 date 2005 03 25 author D. Eardley et al. ref A Sandia report describes QMU as a decision support methodology for complex technical decisions centering on performance thresholds and associated margins for engineered systems that are made under conditions of uncertainty. ref cite web url http www.osti.gov energycitations servlets purl 891369 DDHmoi 891369.PDF title Ideas Underlying Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties QMU A white paper publisher Sandia National Laboratories report SAND2006 5001 author Martin Pilch, Timothy G.Trucano, and Jon C. Helton date September 2006 ref See also Reliable Replacement Warhead Uncertainty quantification References references Category Nuclear stockpile stewardship ... more details
orphan date January 2010 Cross recurrence quantification CRQ is a non linear method that quantifies how similarly two observed data series unfold over time. ref cite journal last Shockley first K. last2 Butwill first2 M. last3 Zbilut first3 J. last4 Webber first4 C. title Cross recurrence quantification of coupled oscillators journal Physics Letters A volume 305 issues 1 2 pages 59 69 year 2002 doi 10.1016 S0375 9601 02 01411 1 ref CRQ produces measures reflecting coordination, such as how often two data series have similar values or reflect similar system states called percentage recurrence, or REC , among other measures. ref cite journal first K. last Shockley first2 D.C. last2 Richardson first3 R. last3 Dale title Conversation and coordinative structures journal Topics in Cognitive Science volume 1 issue 2 pages 305 319 year 2009 doi 10.1111 j.1756 8765.2009.01021.x ref References references cite journal last Zbilut first J.P. last2 Giuliani first2 A. last3 Webber first3 C.L. Jr title Detecting deterministic signals in exceptionally noisy environments using cross recurrence quantification journal Physics Letters A volume 246 issues 1 2 pages 122 128 year 1998 doi 10.1016 S0375 9601 98 00457 5 physics stub Category Signal processing ... more details
Confusing date September 2008 Label free quantification is a method in mass spectrometry that aims to determine the differential expression level of protein s in two or more biological samples. Unlike other methods for quantitative proteomics protein quantification , label free quantification does not use a stable isotope containing compound to chemically bind to and thus label the protein. ref name pmid17668192 cite journal author Bantscheff M, Schirle M, Sweetman G, Rick J, Kuster B title Quantitative mass spectrometry in proteomics a critical review journal Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry volume 389 issue 4 pages 1017 31 year 2007 month October pmid 17668192 doi 10.1007 s00216 007 1486 6 url ref ref name pmid18324724 cite journal author Asara JM, Christofk HR, Freimark LM, Cantley LC title A label free quantification method by MS MS TIC compared to SILAC and spectral counting in a proteomics screen journal Proteomics volume 8 issue 5 pages 994 9 year 2008 month March pmid 18324724 doi 10.1002 pmic.200700426 url ref Implementation Label free quantification is based on precursor signal intensity, which is, in most cases applied to data acquired on high mass precision spectrometers equipped with the new generation of Time of flight mass spectrometry time of flight ToF , fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance FTICR , or Orbitrap mass analyzers. The high resolution power facilitates the extraction of peptide signals on the MS sup 1 sup level and thus uncouples the quantification from the identification process. This is not true for another method of label free quantification, spectral counting , which simply counts the number of spectra identified for a given peptide ... SC, Nanduri B title ProtQuant a tool for the label free quantification of MudPIT proteomics data ... Data ref Intact protein expression spectrometry IPEx is a label free quantification approach in mass ... of novel promising quantification strategies. References Reflist refbegin refend See also Protein ... more details
Recurrence quantification analysis RQA is a method of nonlinear data analysis cf. chaos theory for the investigation of dynamical systems . It quantifies the number and duration of recurrences of a dynamical system presented by its phase space trajectory. Background The recurrence quantification analysis was developed in order to quantify differently appearing recurrence plot s RPs based on the small scale structures therein. Recurrence plot s are tools which visualise the recurrence behaviour of the phase space trajectory of dynamical systems . They mostly contain single dots and lines which are parallel to the mean diagonal line of identity , LOI or which are vertical horizontal. Lines parallel to the LOI are referred to as diagonal lines and the vertical structures as vertical lines . Because an RP is usually symmetric, horizontal and vertical lines correspond to each other, and, hence, only vertical lines are considered. The lines correspond to a typical behaviour of the phase space trajectory whereas the diagonal lines represent such segments of the phase space trajectory which run parallel for some time, the vertical lines represent segments which remain in the same phase space region for some time. If only a time series is available, the phase space can be reconstructed by using a time delay embedding see Takens theorem math vec x i u i , u i tau , ldots, u i tau m 1 , math where math u i math is the time series, math m math the embedding dimension and math tau math the time delay. The RQA quantifies the small scale structures of recurrence plots, which present the number and duration of the recurrences of a dynamical system. The measures introduced for the RQA were ... quantification analysis is that it can provide useful information even for short and non ... from quantification of recurrence plots journal Physics Letters A volume 171 pages 199 203 doi 10.1016 ... Quantification Analysis.html DEFAULTSORT Recurrence Quantification Analysis Category Signal processing ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name An Existential Guide To Love EP Type EP Artist M l e band M l e from Album An Existential Guide To Love Released 2000 Genre Pop rock Length 25 06 Label Self released Last single This single An Existential Guide To Love EP br 2000 Next single Transmission EP M l e br 2001 An Existential Guide To Love is a self released Extended play EP by M l e band M l e , released in 2000. Track listing Last Chance 3 33 Dedicated To You 4 40 Too Bad Shes Mine 3 23 Audra 3 39 Rainforest Mamma 5 04 Tell Me Featuring Lina Simpson and Randy Beirlien on backing vocals and Harmonica 4 47 References Citation title M l e Official Site url http www.meleerocks.com accessdate 2007 09 02 Citation title M l e Official Myspace url http www.myspace.com meleerocks accessdate 2007 09 02 M l e DEFAULTSORT Existential Guide to Love Category 2000 EPs Category Self released albums Category M l e albums ... more details
Mergeto Flat Earth Society date December 2008 The Existential Negation Campaign was a former project of the now defunct Flat Earth Society website http www.flat earth.org . The Campaign was an absurdism absurdist venture. Visitors to the website could download an image that read, WARNING THIS OBJECT DOES NOT EXIST and were encouraged to make stickers or signs out of them. These stickers or signs could then be placed on random objects. The mission statement from the Flat Earth Society website blockquote This campaign focuses on the consensus reality definition of existence and existential status. This definition is challenged by affixing to various objects which are popularly believed to exist labels which read WARNING THIS OBJECT DOES NOT EXIST . blockquote See also Culture jamming Operation Mindfuck Guerrilla communication DEFAULTSORT Existential Negation Campaign Category Existentialism humour stub ... more details
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