components of transpiration and evaporation that make up evapotranspiration. Other closely related processes shown are Surface runoff runoff and groundwater recharge . Evapotranspiration ET is a term ... within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in its leaf leaves . Evapotranspiration ... to evapotranspiration can be called an evapotranspirator . ref http www.oslpr.org download en 2000 0031.pdf ref Potential evapotranspiration PET is a representation of the environmental demand for evapotranspiration and represents the evapotranspiration rate of a short green crop, completely shading ... potential evaporation when there is ample water. Evapotranspiration and the water cycle Evapotranspiration ... affect evapotranspiration, and therefore the amount of water leaving a drainage basin. Because ... have less extensive foliage. Conifer forests tend to have higher rates of evapotranspiration .... ref Swank, W., and Douglass, J. 1974, Science. 185 4154 857 859 ref Factors that affect evapotranspiration ... radiation , humidity , temperature , and wind . Through evapotranspiration, forests reduce water ... to evapotranspiration, but often condense more water than they evaporate or transpire. In areas that are not irrigated, actual evapotranspiration is usually no greater than Precipitation meteorology ... through the soil matrix to the surface. If potential evapotranspiration is greater than actual precipitation, then soil will dry out, unless irrigation is used. Evapotranspiration can never be greater ... readily. Estimating evapotranspirationEvapotranspiration can be measured or estimated using ... approaches to estimate evapotranspiration indirectly. Catchment water balance Evapotranspiration ... The input is precipitation P , and the exports are evapotranspiration which is to be estimated ... R.G. coauthors Pereira, L.S. Raes, D. Smith, M. title Crop Evapotranspiration Guidelines for Computing ... location, and Hargreaves. To convert the reference evapotranspiration to actual crop evapotranspiration ... more details
Summary URL http www.mlo.noaa.gov HISTORY PUBLISH 20th 20anniv water.htm Source NOAA. Description Monthly estimated potential evapotranspiration and measured pan evaporation for Hilo and Pahala data. Hawaii svg graph Licensing PD USGov DOC NOAA Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Svenbot priority true ... more details
A lysimeter is a measuring device which can be used to measure the amount of actual evapotranspiration which is released by plants, usually crops or trees. By recording the amount of precipitation that an area receives and the amount lost through the soil, the amount of water lost to evapotranspiration can be calculated. ref Tim Davie, Fundamentals of hydrology Routledge, 2003 pg. 35 http books.google.com books?id XAGt03ANojgC&source gbs navlinks s ref Lysimeters are of two types Weighing and non weighing. Use A lysimeter is most accurate when vegetation is grown in a large soil tank which allows the rainfall input and water lost through the soil to be easily calculated. The amount of water lost by evapotranspiration can be worked out by calculating the difference between the weight before and after the Precipitation meteorology precipitation input. For trees, lysimeters can be expensive and are a poor representation of conditions outside of a laboratory as it would be impossible to use a lysimeter to calculate the water balance for a whole forest. But for farm crops, it can represent field conditions well since it is done outside the laboratory. A weighing lysimeter, for example, reveals the amount of water crops use by constantly weighing a huge block of soil in a field to detect losses of soil moisture. ref Rana, G. and N. Katerji. 2000. Measurement and estimation of actual evapotranspiration in the field under Mediterranean climate a review. European Journal of Agronomy 13 125 153. ref The University of Arizona s Biosphere 2 is constructing the world s largest weighing lysimeters using a mixture of thirty 220,000 and 330,000 lb capacity column load cells from Honeywell, Inc. as part of its new Landscape Evolution Observatory project. ref leo.b2science.org ref History In 1875 Edward Lewis Sturtevant , a botanist from Massachusetts, built the first lysimeter in the United States. ref Sturtevant E. Lewis Edward Lewis , Sturtevant s Notes on Edible Plants BiblioBazaar ... more details
Notability date September 2009 EcocyclET is a system that removes pollution through evapotranspiration , using plants requirements for water and nutrients to filter wastewater. History First known as the Waste Water Garden, the EcocyclET is a bio engineered system whose technologies were developed and licensed by David Del Porto of the Ecological engineering Ecological Engineering Group in Concord, MA, from a concept originally conceived and tested by University of Toronto environmental engineering professor Alfred Bernhart Evapotranspiration Nutrient uptake Soil infiltration of Effluent water A.P. Bernhart . In 2004, Centre for Sustainable Watersheds completed the installation of Canada s first EcocyclET. This prototype was initiated to demonstrate a Sustainable design sustainable technology for rural wastewater management, ensuring zero discharge to the ground. Method Most plants use photosynthesis and evapotranspiration ET . EcocyclET is a closed loop operation that employs lined beds of sand, crushed stone and gravels and specified plantings. Effluent from septic tank s, greywater , composting toilet s leachate or urine from separating toilets, is recirculated through the bed. There, naturally occurring Microorganism micro organisms convert the chemical constituents of the wastewater into nutrients for plants growth. The impervious bed liner ensures that no effluent can enter the subsurface environment or nearby receiving waters. All the wastewater will be ultimately transpirated as un transpirated effluent is drained back into a recycle tank, stored and pumped back to the bed when the conditions for evapotranspiration are optimal. The system can also by used as a greywater reuse planter to be installed where soils are too poor to be considered for a soil absorption system. References Reflist External links http www.watersheds.ca whatwedo wwg.html Centre for Sustainable Watersheds EcocyclET http www.ecocyclet.com EcocyclET http www.ecological engineering.com EcoCyclet ... more details
the energy balance, as opposed to in hydrology common water balance to solve for evapotranspiration .... Evapotranspiration and biomass production are key indicators for water management and irrigation ... 20and 20Chemistry 20of 20the 20Earth.doc title Estimating actual evapotranspiration through ... more details
Other uses Metric disambiguation Metric METRIC is a computer model Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration that uses Landsat satellite data to compute and map evapotranspiration ET developed by Richard Allen et.al. at the University of Idaho . ref Idaho Department of Water Resources Mapping Evapotranspiration http www.idwr.idaho.gov GeographicInfo METRIC et.htm ref Climate Change is a world wide problem that affects every country on earth. Understanding the processes and factors that control or affect ecosystem response to climate change is essential to mitigate impacts. Studying the regional to global radiation balance, hydrologic energy, water and carbon dioxide fluxes is important to understand effects of climate change on ecosystem health and evolution, including impacts of invasive species such as cheatgrass bromus tectorum in the western US. The exchanges of water and carbon at the plant atmosphere interface are coupled through the active control of leaf and needle stomata on the exchange of gas into or out of leaves with the atmosphere and by effects of direct evaporation from soil. Given the importance of carbon uptake and vapor outputs, the ability to quantify the uptake is important, particularly in large areas with significant capability to assimilate carbon. In the upper Snake River system of Idaho, the most common ecosystems, besides farms, are alpine forest, sage brush, invasive cheatgrass and bunch grass. A primary goal of this research is to contribute toward a better understanding and methods of quantifying the magnitude, timing, distribution and coupling of carbon, energy and water fluxes in these three dominant natural ... and evapotranspiration ET via land surface process and remote sensing models. Surface energy flux s is important ... heat flux from evapotranspiration ET to examine exchanges of energy and mass between the land ... scale when ground data isn t available. Experimentally, the calculation of evapotranspiration can be made ... more details
. Evapotranspiration Tying into Alfred Bernhart s seven dimensions of human perceptions and abilities ... of effluent water and its nutrients. ref Bernhart, A.P. Evapotranspiration Nutrient Uptake Soil infiltration of Effluent water Bernhart, 1985 page 2 ref Evapotranspiration of effluent water combined ... by solar energy is, or should be, food for humans and animals. ref Bernhart, A.P. Evapotranspiration ... 5 Treatment and Disposal of Wastewater From Homes by Soil Infiltration and Evapotranspiration , A.P. ... Cycle Through Evapotranspiration and Subsoil Infiltration of Domestic Wastewater , Proceedings ..., Michigan 1974 Evapotranspiration Nutrient uptake Soil infiltration of Effluent water A.P. Bernhart ... http books.google.com books?id dBz0Ux5dKYMC&pg PA637&lpg PA637&dq evapotranspiration bernhart&source ... pdf WW publications eti ET tech.pdf Evapotranspiration Systems Clement Solomon, Peter Casey ... evapotranspiration bed system for wastewater disposal at Lincoln Pascal Balley and Andrew J. Dakers http books.google.com books?id rYS LKkbcAQC&pg PA148&lpg PA148&dq evapotranspiration bernhardt&source ... Johnson, editors, http www.astm.org ASTM See also Evapotranspiration Jane Jacobs Urban design Urban ... more details
Wiktionarypar metric Metric s may refer to the metric system of measurement International System of Units , or Syst me International SI , the modern form of the metric system Metric ton , a measurement of mass equal to 1,000 kg an analytical measurement intended to quantify the state of a system. For example population density is one metric which may be used to describe a city. Metric mathematics , an abstraction of the notion of distance in a metric space Metric tensor , in mathematics, a symmetric rank 2 tensor, used to measure length and angle Metric band , a Canadian indie rock band Metrics networking , set of properties of a communication path Font Metrics Font metrics , a group of properties describing a font Reuse metrics , a quantitative indicator of an attribute for software reuse and reusability Router metrics , used by a router to make routing decisions Software metric s, a measure of some property of a piece of software or its specifications Performance metric s, a measure of an organization s activities and performance. METRIC a computer model Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration that uses Landsat satellite data to compute and map evapotranspiration ET . See also Meter disambiguation Units of measurement Metric expansion of space disambig cs Metrika da Metrik de Metrik el es M trica desambiguaci n eo Metriko fr M trique pl Metryka ru sk Metrika sr sv Metrik uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The udic moisture regime is common to soil s of humid climate s which have well distributed rainfall , or which have enough rain in summer so that the amount of stored moisture plus rainfall is approximately equal to, or exceeds, the amount of evapotranspiration . Water moves down through the soil at some time in most years. Some soil suborders, like udalf alfisol and udept inceptisol , have a udic moisture regime. See also Pedogenesis Pedology soil study Soil classification Soil science Soil type USDA soil taxonomy DEFAULTSORT Udic Moisture Regime Category Pedology Soil sci stub ... more details
Models of transpiration, or combined evapotranspiration ET , from plants often combine an idealized or well calibrated reference crop response model with coefficients that account for differences in response observed for the crop of interest. The most basic crop coefficient, K sub c sub , is simply ratio of ET observed for the crop studied over that observed for the reference crop under the same conditions. math PET K c RET math Potential evapotranspiration PET , is the evaporation and transpiration that potentially could occur if a field of the crop had an ideal unlimited water supply. RET is the reference ET often denoted as ET sub o sub . Even in agricultural crops, where ideal conditions are approximated as much as is practical, plants are not always growing and therefore transpiring at their theoretical potential. Plants have growth stages and states of health induced by a variety of environmental conditions. RET usually represents the PET of the reference crops most active growth. K sub c sub , then becomes a function or series of values, specific to the crop of interest through its growing season. These can be quite elaborate in the case of certain corn varieties, but tend to use a trapezoidal or a leaf area index LAI curve for common crop or vegetation canopies. Stress coefficients, K sub s sub , account for diminished ET due to specific stress factors. These are often assumed to combine by multiplication. math ET estimate K w K s 1 K s 2 K c ET o math Water stress is the most ubiquitous stress factor, often denoted as K sub w sub . Stress coefficients tend to be functions ranging between 0 and 1. The simplest are linear, but thresholds are appropriate for some toxicity responses. Crop coefficients can exceed 1 when the crop evapotranspiration exceeds that of RET. References cite book last Allen first R.G. coauthors Pereira, L.S. Raes, D. Smith, M. title Crop Evapotranspiration Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements url http www.fao.org docrep X0490E ... more details
ref Beven, K. 1979 A sensitivity analysis of the Penman Monteith actual evapotranspiration estimates ... between specific vegetation modeled and a reference evapotranspiration RET or ET sub 0 sub ... 2453 MJ m sup 3 sup E Mass water evapotranspiration rate g s sup 1 sup m sup 2 sup ET sub o sub Water ... may be found at http biomet.ucdavis.edu Evapotranspiration PMDerivation PMD.htm br This also ... area with abundant water would become saturated with water. In these conditions, the actual evapotranspiration would match the Penman rate of potential evapotranspiration. However, observations ... for actual evaporation was found by taking potential evapotranspiration and multiplying it by Math ... more details
Potential evaporation or potential evapotranspiration PET is defined as the amount of evaporation that would occur if a sufficient water source were available. If the evapotranspiration actual evapotranspiration is considered the net result of atmospheric demand for moisture from a surface and the ability of the surface to supply moisture, then PET is a measure of the demand side. Surface and air temperatures, insolation, and wind all affect this. A dryland is a place where annual potential evaporation exceeds annual precipitation. Estimates of potential evaporation mm C. W. Thornthwaite Thornthwaite equation 1948 math PET 1.6 left frac L 12 right left frac N 30 right left frac 10 , T a I right alpha math Where math PET math is the estimated potential evapotranspiration cm month math T a math is the average daily temperature degrees Celsius if this is negative, use math 0 math of the month being calculated math N math is the number of days in the month being calculated math L math is the average day length hours of the month being calculated math alpha 6.75 times 10 7 I 3 7.71 times 10 5 I 2 1.792 times 10 2 I 0.49239 math math I sum i 1 12 left frac T ai 5 right 1.514 math is a heat index which depends on the 12 monthly mean temperatures math T ai math . ref name thornthwaite48 Cite journal doi 10.2307 210739 last Thornthwaite first C. W. title An approach toward a rational classification of climate journal Geographical Review volume 38 issue 1 pages 55 94 year 1948 url http www.unc.edu courses 2007fall geog 801 001 www ET Thornthwaite48 GeogrRev.pdf postscript Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it or change its value to . for the cite to end in a . , as necessary. inconsistent citations ref Somewhat modified forms of this equation appear in later publications 1955 and 1957 by Thornthwaite and Mather. ref name black07 Cite journal last Black first Peter E. title Revisiting the Thornthwaite and Mather water balance journal Journal of the American Water Resources Association ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 In geology, lake capture is the process of capture of the waters collected in a lake by a neighbor river basin. The occurrence of a lake capture is mainly controlled by the water balance at the lake s basin and the changes in topography due to erosion, sedimentation, and tectonism. If evaporation at the surface of a lake, plus the water losses through underground infiltration and plant evapotranspiration are high enough to account for all precipitation water collected by the lake, then the lake becomes endorheic , closed, or internally drained. This situation remains until the water balance changes again and the lake overburdens the limits of its basin or until the lake capture occurs. Opening the drainage of an endorheic lacustrine basin by fluvial erosion generally implies a lake capture. Lake captures are therefore very sensitive to the preexisting topography as well as to climatic and lithological factors. See also River capture DEFAULTSORT Lake Capture Category Geology Category Endorheic lakes Category Lakes Capture es Captura de lago ... more details
AET may refer to Assistant Language Teacher Assistant English Teacher in Japanese schools. Actual Evapotranspiration AET company , the global shipping company formerly known as American Eagle Tankers. AET, an abbreviation used in sport, used to denote the score After Extra Time Affective Events Theory , a model developed by organizational behaviorists to identify how emotions and moods influence job performance and satisfaction. American Educational Trust Time in Australia Australian Eastern Time , a time zone in Australia Alpha Ethyltryptamine , a psychoactive drug belonging to the tryptamine family Allakaket Airport in Alaska IATA Code AET aet may refer to after extra time , to indicate a procedure used in sports when a match is tied at the end of regulation time has taken place to determine the winner. disambig fr AET it AET ja AET sr AET ... more details
Summary Information Description Net radiometer on tower being checked in 2001, William H. Asquith checking a net radiometer on 40 feet mast at Evapotranspiration Station, Control Drainage basin Watershed , Honey Creek State Natural Area , Comal County, Texas on January 23, 2001 as part of regular station field trip and a pubic service field trip with University of Texas at Austin Department of Geosciences students. Source USGS Surface http water.usgs.gov osw images SW field Water Photo Gallery , item http water.usgs.gov osw images Gage 03 012 01.jpg 12 01 Date January 23, 2001 Author Unknown University of Texas at Austin student submitted to USGS by William H. Asquith, TX Permission Public Domain PAGENAME is at coordinates coord 29.851141 98.502002 format display inline,title name PAGENAME Licensing PD USGov USGS Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Svenbot Orphan image ... more details
Other persons BLP sources date May 2011 John Lennox Monteith Doctor of Science DSc , Fellow of the Royal Society FRS , born September 3, 1929 in Ayrshire, Scotland, is a leading authority in the related fields of water management for agricultural production, soil physics , micrometeorology , transpiration , and the influence of the natural environment on field crops, horticultural crops, forestry, and animal production. ref name WaringRunning2007 cite book last1 Waring first1 Richard H. last2 Running first2 S. W. title Forest ecosystems analysis at multiple scales url http books.google.com books?id 6YjhssXQ2AUC&pg PA94 accessdate 10 May 2011 year 2007 publisher Elsevier isbn 9780123706058 pages 94 ref His pioneering work, with Howard Penman, in evapotranspiration , is applied worldwide as the Penman Monteith equation. Their model for predicting evapotranspiration is recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Monteith s research on the role of the environment in agriculture, the physics of crop microclimate, physiology of crop growth and yield, radiation climatology heat balance in animals, and instrumentation for measuring physical and physiological variables in agriculture has been published in journals throughout the world. He was President of the Royal Meteorological Society from 1978 to 1980. Career 1954 Rothamsted Experimental Station , Harpenden, Herts, UK 1967 University of Nottingham , School of Agriculture, UK 1986 International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics , Hyderabad, India Awards Elected Fellow of the Royal Society , 1971 Awarded Rank Prize for Human and Animal Nutrition and Crop Husbandry, 1989 Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Edinburgh , 1989 Publications Principles of Environmental Physics JL Monteith, M Unsworth ISBN 0 7131 2931 X References Reflist Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Monteith, John ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1929 PLACE OF BIRTH DAT ... more details
Multiple issues expert subject August 2009 refimprove August 2009 context August 2009 Catchment hydrology , is the study of the hydrology regarding drainage basin catchments . Water balance Catchment hydrology is based on the principal of continuity, which is used to perform a water balance on a catchment math I O dS dt math , where math I math inputs P, precipitation meteorology precipitation OW, occult water , math O math outputs ET, evapotranspiration R, Surface runoff runoff , and math dS dt math the change in catchment storage over time. Neglecting the minor inputs of occult water, the water balance can be revised to math P R ET dS dt math . Finally, considering a catchment on a long time scale, typically a year or more, removes the storage component from the equation math P R ET math . ref Kendall and McDonnell, 1998. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology. Elsevier ref For more information see water balance Terminology There are many terms involved with and related to catchment hydrology. These basic ones are taken from the glossary of terms in Kendall and McDonnell, 1998 aquifer baseflow drainage basin catchment drainage divide evaporation evapotranspiration event water groundwater flow Horton flow hydrograph infiltration hydrology infiltration intensity rainfall intensity interception water interception overland flow pre event water subsurface runoff subsurface stormflow surface runoff time of concentration transpiration References reflist See also hydrology isotope hydrology hydrogeology groundwater hydrology agriculture agricultural hydrology Category Hydrology ... more details
differences between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration for those months when the normal precipitation is less than the normal evapotranspiration and where math n math stands for the sum of monthly values of potential evapotranspiration for the deficient months after Huschke ... math where math PET math is the potential evapotranspiration and math P math is the average annual ... more details
In hydrology , moisture recycling or precipitation recycling refer to the process by which a portion of the precipitation meteorology precipitated water that evapotranspiration evapotranspired from a given area contributes to the precipitation over the same area. Moisture recycling is thus a component of the hydrologic cycle . The ratio of the locally derived precipitation math P L math to total precipitation math P math is known as the recycling ratio , math rho math math rho P L P math . The recycling ratio is a diagnostic measure of the potential for interactions between Surface water hydrology land surface hydrology and regional climate http www.ingentaconnect.com content rms qjrms 1994 00000120 00000518 art00005 . Land use changes, such as deforestation or agriculture agricultural intensification, have the potential to change the amount of precipitation that falls in a region. The recycling ratio for the entire world is one, and for a single point is zero. Estimates for the recycling ratio for the Amazon basin range from 24 to 56 , and for the Mississippi river Mississippi basin from 21 to 24 http www.waterandclimate.org MoistureWeb Overview Paper.htm . Category Climate Category Hydrology climate stub ... more details
Title w Leslie Holdridge Holdridge Life Zone Classification scheme. old version See newer version Image Lifezones Pengo.svg Subject Climatic biome model. Software used Created 100 in Inkscape v0.45 . Information Description w Leslie Holdridge Holdridge Life Zone Classification scheme. Potential evapotranspiration is the amount of evaporation that would occur if water were not limited. Annual precipitation is rain or snow. Source own work, based on http www.oas.org dsd publications unit oea66e p266.GIF , http www.oas.org dsd publications Unit oea65s p238.JPG http www.cieer.org geirs viewer holdridge.jpg http www.geocities.com carivero HoldridgeGrafico.gif http www.icsu scope.org downloadpubs scope29 images fig8.5.gif http www.icsu scope.org downloadpubs scope56 image Fig16.1.gif http www.prowiki2.org upload FranzNahrada Earls1.jpg , and Ecology textboox Peter Stiling, 4th ed. p236, and Textbook of Biodiversity K. V. Krishnamurthy 2003 p55. Date 3 March 2007 Author Peter Halasz Permission Creative Commons BY SA any version other versions gallery Image Lifezones Pengo, by type.svg Alternate colours type Image Lifezones Pengo, by ecology.svg Alternate colours ecology gallery self cc by sa 2.5,2.0,1.0 See newer version Image Lifezones Pengo.svg Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Title w Leslie Holdridge Holdridge Life Zone Classification scheme. old version 2 Subject Climatic biome model. Software used Created 100 in Inkscape v0.45 . Information Description w Leslie Holdridge Holdridge Life Zone Classification scheme. Potential evapotranspiration is the amount of evaporation that would occur if water were not limited. Annual precipitation is rain or snow. Source own work, based on http www.oas.org dsd publications unit oea66e p266.GIF , http www.oas.org dsd publications Unit oea65s p238.JPG http www.cieer.org geirs viewer holdridge.jpg http www.geocities.com carivero HoldridgeGrafico.gif http www.icsu scope.org downloadpubs scope29 images fig8.5.gif http www.icsu scope.org downloadpubs scope56 image Fig16.1.gif http www.prowiki2.org upload FranzNahrada Earls1.jpg , and Ecology textboox Peter Stiling, 4th ed. p236, and Textbook of Biodiversity K. V. Krishnamurthy 2003 p55. Date 3 March 2007 Author Peter Halasz Permission Creative Commons BY SA any version other versions gallery Image Lifezones Pengo, by type.svg Alternate colours type Image Lifezones Pengo, by ecology.svg Alternate colours ecology gallery self cc by sa 2.5,2.0,1.0 Copy to Wikimedia Commons bot Fbot ... more details
Cahora Bassa District is a district of Tete Province in western Mozambique . With a surface of 8,712 km and a population estimated, in 2005, of 74,931 inhabitants, the district of Cahora Bassa has a population density of 8.5 inhabitants km . The population is young 48 below 15 years of age and mainly rural 79 . Climate The climate is predominantly hot semi arid climate hot semi arid modified locally by altitude, with two distinct seasons, the rainy season very short and the dry season very long . The average annual precipitation is about 635 mm, while annual potential evapotranspiration is about 1623 mm. Most rainfall occurs mainly in the period between December and February, varying significantly in quantitade and distribution from year to year. The average annual temperature is 26 C. Further reading http www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz Informacao distritos tete Cahora Bassa.pdf District profile PDF mozambique geo stub Districts of Mozambique coord 15.587 S 32.857 E type adm1st display title Category Districts of Mozambique Category Tete Province ca Districte de Cahora Bassa pt Cahora Bassa distrito ... more details
Tidal irrigation is the subsurface irrigation of levee levee soils in coastal plain s with river water under tide tidal influence . It is applied in semi arid climate arid zones at the mouth of a large river estuary or river delta delta where a considerable tidal range some 2 m is present. The discharge hydrology river discharge must be large enough to guarantee a sufficient flow of fresh water into the sea so that no salt water intrusion occurs in the river mouth. The irrigation is effectuated by digging tidal canals from the river shore into the main land that will guide the river water inland at high tide. br For the irrigation to be effective the soil must have a high infiltration capacity to permit the entry of sufficient water in the soil to cover the evapotranspiration demand of the crop. br At low tide, the canals and the soil drain out again, which promotes the aeration of the soil. See also Irrigation in Iran Tidal irrigation at Abadan island, Iran Tidal irrigation at Abadan island, Iran References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Tidal Irrigation Category Land management Category Irrigation Category Hydraulic engineering Category Tides nl Getijdenirrigatie ... more details
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