, 1 26 28, 31 2 1 2 . Folio 5 recto Adam Bible Adam names the animal s Isidore of Seville , Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 1 2 . Folio 5 verso Animal Animal Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 3 Folio 5 verso Quadruped Quadrupes Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 4 Folio 5 verso Livestock Pecus Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 5 6 Folio 5 verso Pack animal Beast of burden Iumentum Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 7 Folio 5 verso Herd Armentum Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 8 Beasts Bestiae Folio 7 recto Lion Leo Physiologus , Chapter 1 Isidore of Seville , Etymologiae , Book XII, ii, 3 6 Folio 8 recto Tiger Tigris Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, ii, 7 Folio 8 verso Pard legendary creature Pard Pard Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, ii, 10 11 Folio 9 recto Panther legendary creature Panther Panther Physiologus , Chapter 16 Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, ii, 8 9 After folio 9 verso some Recto ..., Etymologiae , Book XII, ii, 14 Physiologus , Chapter 43 Ambrose , Genesis creation myth Hexaemeron ... of Seville , Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 9 Ambrose , Creation according to Genesis Hexaemeron , Book VI, 20 Folio 21 recto Domestic sheep Wether Vervex Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 10 Folio 21 recto Domestic sheep Ram Aries Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 11 Folio 21 recto Domestic sheep Lamb Agnus Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 12 Ambrose, Hexaemeron , Book VI, 28 Folio 21 recto Goat He goat Hircus Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 14 Folio 21 verso Goat Kid Hedus Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 13 Folio 21 verso Wild boar Boar Aper Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 27 Folio 21 verso Cattle Bullock Iuvencus Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 28 Folio 21 verso Bull Taurus Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae , Book XII, i, 29 After folio 21 verso two leaves are missing which should have contained ... more details
About an ancient musical instrument Symphonia Greek language Greek lang el is a much discussed word, applied at different times to the bagpipe , the drum , the hurdy gurdy , and finally a kind of clavichord . The sixth of the musical instruments enumerated in Book of Daniel , Bible Daniel 3 KJB verses 5, 10 and 15 , is erroneously translated Hammered dulcimer dulcimer in all probability it refers to the bagpipe. sfn Schlesinger 1911 p 289 The symphonia, signifying drum, is mentioned in Isidore of Seville Etymologiae Isidore of Seville s Etymologiae under the entries for Tympanum hand drum tympanum and Sambuca musical instrument sambuca . sfn Schlesinger 1911 p 289 The reference comparing the tympanum kettledrum to half a pearl is borrowed from Pliny. ref harvnb Schlesinger 1911 p 289 cites Pliny Nat. hist. IX. 35, 23. ref Symphonia or chifonie was applied during the 13th and 14th centuries, in the Latin countries more especially, to the hurdy gurdy. Symphonia is applied by Michael Praetorius Praetorius to an instrument which he classed with the clavichord, ref harvnb Schlesinger 1911 p 289 cites harvnb Praetorius 1618 pages 72, 73, 179 ref spinet , Regal musical instrument regal and virginals , but without giving any clue to its distinctive characteristics. sfn Schlesinger 1911 p 289 Notes reflist References cite book ref harv last Praetorius first Michael authorlink Michael Praetorius title Syntagma Musicum De organographia publisher Wolfenb ttel year 1618 volume 2 pages 72, 73, 179 language Latin Attribution Cite EB1911 first Kathleen last Schlesinger wstitle Symphonia volume 26 page 289 Category Lost and extinct instruments ... more details
Belus or Belos is a small river in north western Israel , where according to legend, mentioned by Isidore of Seville in his http penelope.uchicago.edu Thayer L Roman Texts Isidore 16 .html 16 Etymologiae glass glass making was invented. This river is identified with what is now called the Na aman River lang he , near Acre, Israel Acre . Pliny the Elder N.H. 5.19 , using the name Pacida , mentions that the river flowed from Lake Cendevia now below Mount Carmel for five miles 8 km to the sea near Ptolemais Ace , and that it was celebrated for its vitrous sands. Today s Na am n River originates from springs near Tel Afek Ein Afek , primarily Ein Nymphit , and flows through the Zevulun valley to the Acre, Israel Acre Bay. The Ein Afek springs originally caused swamps to be formed. These swamps were dried up in the early 1900 s, and replaced by a small nature reserve around a small lake. The Na am n River is approximately 10 KM long, and flows from south to north, before emptying into the Mediterranean sea . commonscat coord 32 52 37.56 N 35 6 23.9 E display title Category Rivers of Israel cs Nachal Na aman es R o Naaman he ru ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Hispan , Espan, Hispalo or Hispano, is a mythological character of Antiquity, who would derive the name Hispania , according to some ancient writers. Therefore Hispan is the eponymous hero of Hispania. Hispan is mentioned first by the Gallo Roman historian Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus 1st century BC in his work Historiae Philippicae , preserved only in a later summary, probably made in the 3rd century AD by Justinus. During the Middle Ages , Hispan was also known as Espan, told of him various legends. Background of the myth of Hispan Probably, the word Hispan is the latinized name of an ancient Canaanite religion Canaanite god called B l Spn, whose worship was introduced into the Iberian Peninsula by the Phoenicians during the I millennium BC. The legends and myths of this divinity are those set out in the medieval texts that refer to Hispano or Hispan, such as the Estoria de Espa a of the 13th century. Bibliography Isidore of Seville, Etymologiae . Justinus, Historiarum Philippicarum libri XLIV . Matesanz Gasc n, Roberto, Hispano, h roe ep nimo de Hispania , Gallaecia , 21, 2002, 345 370. Category Mythological heroes ... more details
Codex Sangallensis , refers to codex codices that are housed at the Abbey library of Saint Gall in St. Gallen , and may specifically refer to a variety of documents Codex Sangallensis 18 0130 on the list Gregory Aland fragments of the Gospels of Mark and Luke in Greek 9th century Codex Sangallensis 48 037 on the list Gregory Aland four Gospels in Greek with only one lacunae 9th 10th century Codex Sangallensis 51 48 on the list Beuron four Gospels in Latin 8th century Codex Fuldensis History Codex Sangallensis 56 Diatessaron in Latin 9th century copy of the Codex Fuldensis Codex Sangallensis 63 manuscript of Vulgate Ruricius Writings Codex Sangallensis 190 12 letters of Ruricius . Codex Sangallensis 878 grammar grammatical texts, including the Ars minor and Ars maior of Aelius Donatus , the grammar of Priscian , the Etymologiae of Isidore of Sevilla and the grammar of Alcuin Codex Sangallensis 907 manuscript of Vulgate Codex Sangallensis 1395 the oldest manuscript of Vulgate Gospels disambig it Codex Sangallensis ... more details
considered the Earth to be globular. ref Isidore, Etymologiae , XIV.ii.1 http www.thelatinlibrary.com ... Diagrammatic T O world map 12th c.jpg From a 12th c. copy of Etymologiae . Image T O Mappa mundi.jpg ... more details
Image Dictionary.of.the.Middle.Ages.jpg thumb 150px right Dictionary of the Middle Ages Supplement 1 2004 The Dictionary of the Middle Ages is a 13 volume encyclopedia of the Middle Ages published by the American Council of Learned Societies between 1982 and 1989. It was first conceived and started in 1975 with American medieval historian Joseph Strayer of Princeton University as editor in chief. A Supplement 1 was added in 2003 under the editorship of William Chester Jordan . The encyclopedia covers over 112,000 persons, places, things and concepts of legitimate scholarly interest in 7,000 discrete articles in more than 8,000 pages written by over 1,800 contributing editors from academic institutions mainly in the United States but also Europe and Asia It is the largest and most detailed modern encyclopedia of the Middle Ages in the English language, comparable to the nine volume German de Lexikon des Mittelalters Lexikon des Mittelalters . ref http www.bsz bw.de depot media 3400000 3421000 3421308 99 0418.html Review and comparison of four dictionaries of the Middle Ages de icon ref The upside down T in a circle symbol on the spine and cover is an artistic interpretation of the T and O map , which was first described in the Etymologiae , the most influential encyclopedic work of the Middle Ages. Notes reflist References Joseph Strayer, editor 1989 . Dictionary of the Middle Ages . Charles Scribner s Sons. ISBN 0 684 19073 7 OCLC http worldcat.org oclc 8474388 8474388 William Chester Jordan, editor 2003 . Dictionary of the Middle Ages Supplement 1 . Charles Scribner s Sons. ISBN 0 684 80642 8 Category Encyclopedias on history Category Medieval studies literature Category 1980s books no Dictionary of the Middle Ages pt Dictionary of the Middle Ages ... more details
Context date October 2009 Image Diple periestigmene.png thumb Diple periestigmene dotted diple according to the variants in the Proposal for the Universal Character Set by Thesaurus Linguae Graecae , 2003. About a textual symbol the musical instrument Diple Diple lang grc , meaning double, referring to the two lines in the mark was used in marginalia margins to draw attention to something in text. It is sometimes also called antilambda Citation needed date December 2009 because the sign resembles a Greek language Greek capital letter lambda turned upon its side. In some ways its usage was similar to modern day quotation marks and the so called French quotation marks Guillemets are derived from it. Isidore of Seville Isidore remarks in his Etymologiae I.XXI.13 http www.fh augsburg.de harsch Chronologia Lspost07 Isidorus isi et01.html that diple was used to mark the quotations from Bible . He also talks about diple peri strichon or sticon which was used to draw attention separate concepts and diple periestigmene what was used to mark dubious passages in this respect its usage was similar to obelism obelos . Diple obolismene was used according to Isidore to separate sentences in comedies and tragedies , so its usage was similar to that of paragraphos . See also Usenet quoting Obelism obelos coronis External links http www.tlg.uci.edu opoudjis unicode punctuation.html Punctuation Category Palaeography Category Punctuation ca Clau angular de Dipl ... more details
after serving more than three decades as archbishop of Seville. Works Isidore s Latin style in the Etymologiae ... words in his surviving works. Etymologiae Main Etymologiae Image Isidoro di siviglia, etimologie, fine ... carolina.jpg thumb 200px Page of Etymologiae , Carolingian dynasty Carolingian manuscript VIII ... work, the Etymologiae taking its title from the method he uncritically used in the transcription ... his translator Katherine Nell MacFarlane remarks ref MacFarlane 1980 4 MacFarlane translates Etymologiae ... of Greek. The Etymologiae was much copied, particularly into medieval bestiary bestiaries . Image Diagrammatic ... world as described by Isidore in his Etymologiae . On the Catholic faith against the Jews Isidore s De ... Etymologiae complete Latin text Barney, Stephen A., Lewis, W. J., Beach, J. A. and Berghof, Oliver ... more details
Isidore s Etymologiae , ref http penelope.uchicago.edu Thayer L Roman Texts Isidore 12 .html 7.42 Etymologiae book 12 , ch. 7.42. ref and gave both name and attributes to the strig the name ... more details
, which is made from the wood of these trees. blockquote Isidore of Seville describes it in his Etymologiae ... unde et tibiae componuntur. ref cite book title Etymologiae language Latin author Isidore of Seville ... more details
Image Herodotus world map en.svg right thumb 275px Ancient map from Herodotus showing the area of Libya in north Africa, circa 450 BC For the present day North African nation Libya Libya from lang el is the name given to both a region of North Africa Ancient Libya and a daughter of Epaphus , King of Egypt, in both Greek mythology Greek and Roman mythology . Greek mythology In Greek mythology , Libya, like Ethiopia Mythology Ethiopia or Scythia was one of the mythic outlands that encircled the familiar Greek world of the Hellenes and their foreign neighbors. Personified as an individual, Libya was the daughter of Epaphus a son of Zeus and King of Egypt and Memphis mythology Memphis . Libya was ravished by the god Poseidon to whom she bore twin sons, Belus Egyptian Belus and Agenor and Phoenix Agenor . Some sources name a third son, named Lelex . Such genealogies, when applied to a personification of a land, were suggestive to Greek audiences, but need some explication for ordinary modern readers. Roman mythology In Roman mythology , Libya was the daughter of Epaphus, King of Egypt, and his wife Cassiopeia mythology Cassiopeia . She married Neptune mythology Neptune , a foreigner of much power whose real name is unknown. Libya and Neptune had a son called Abusir Busiris , whom became a brutal tyrant of Upper Egypt . ref Virginia Brown s translation of Giovanni Boccaccio s Famous Women , pp. 24 25 Harvard University Press 2001 ISBN 0 674 01130 9 ref The territory that she ruled, Ancient Libya , and the country of modern day Libya are named after her. ref Id., p. 25 ref Argive genealogy in Greek mythology Argive genealogy in Greek mythology Notes reflist References Isidore, Etymologiae xiv.4.1, 5.1 Augustine, De civitate dei xviii.12 Lactantius Placidus, Commentarii in Sattii Thebaida iv.737 Category Locations in Greek mythology Category Libya in Greek mythology Category Africa in Roman mythology bn bg br Libia merc h Epafos ca L bia filla d ... more details
Image Ingresso Malatestiana.JPG 170px right thumb Entrance to the aula Aula del Nuti . The Malatestiana Library Lang it Biblioteca Malatestiana , also known as the Malatesta Novello Library, is a public library in Cesena , Emilia Romagna Italy . It was the first Europe an civic library , i.e. belonging to the medieval commune Commune and open to everybody. It was commissioned by the Lord of Cesena, Malatesta Novello . The works were directed by Matteo Nuti from Fano a pupil of Leon Battista Alberti and lasted from 1447 to 1452. The Malatestiana Library is the only one in the world, of the type called humanistic conventual, which has preserved structure, fittings and codexes since its opening for more than 550 years. The main doorway was the work of Agostino di Duccio 1418 1481 . The wonderful walnut door dates back to 1454 and was carved by Cristoforo da San Giovanni in Persiceto. Inside, the library shows its geometric design, typical of the early Italian Renaissance . The aula has a basilical shape temple of culture , with three naves which are divided by ten rows of white, local stone columns the campates are eleven for each aisle, pole vaulted Clarify date April 2010 . The central nave is barrel vault ed and ends with a rose under which is the gravestone of Malatesta Novello. The fittings are composed of 58 desks, with coat of arms at the sides. The light comes in through the 44 Venetian style windows, which were perfectly designed for reading. Inside are conserved 340 precious codex es covering various fields such as religion, Greece Greek and Latin classics, sciences and medicine. The oldest manuscript in the library is a copy of Isidore of Seville Isidore s Etymologiae . In 2005 UNESCO included the Library in the Memory of the World Programme Register. References it http www.malatestiana.it Sito ufficiale della Biblioteca Malatestiana Coord missing Italy Category Defunct libraries Category Cesena Category Public libraries in Italy Category Memory of the World ... more details
Diacritical marks In Old Latin a sicilicus is a diacritical mark , unicode , like a laterally inverted C ref Cf. John Edwin Sandys , A Companion to Latin Studies , Cambridge University Press 1910, 1099, p. 743, where specific instances are provided C.I.L. v 1361, x 3743, xii 414. ref placed above a letter and evidently deriving its name from its shape like a little sickle which is sicilis in Latin . The ancient sources say ref Cf. Isidore Etymologiae 1.27.29 ubi litterae consonantes geminabantur, sicilicum superponebant, ut cella , serra , asseres ueteres enim non duplicabant litteras, sed supra sicilicos adponebant qua nota admonebatur lector geminandam esse litteram Nisus fr. 5 Mazzarino in Velius Longus de Orthographia Keil 7.80 Gaius Marius Victorinus Ars Grammatica 4.2 Mariotti. ref that during the time of the Roman Republic Republic it was placed above a geminate consonant to indicate that the consonant counted twice, although there is hardly any epigraphic and paleographic evidence available from such an early time. When such geminate consonants began to be represented during classical times by writing the letter twice, the sicilicus naturally fell into disuse. Plautus appears to allude to the sicilicus in the prologue to Menaechmi . ref Michael Fontaine , http www.ingentaconnect.com content brill mne 2006 00000059 00000001 art00005 Sicilicissitat Plautus, Menaechmi 12 and Early Geminate Writing in Latin with an Appendix on Men . 13 ref In Unicode, it is encoded as unichar 0357 COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING ABOVE html cwith . See also Open O , although this is a full letter, and not a diacritic placed above a letter Antisigma , although this is a full letter, and not a diacritic placed above a letter Apex diacritic , used for long vowels instead of long consonants Apostrophe , whose shape is derived from it Comma punctuation , whose shape is similar Latin spelling and pronunciation References http archimedes.mpiwg berlin.mpg.de cgi bin toc dict?step entry ... more details
Image Desultores, Pietro Santi Bartoli, Antiche Lucerne Sepolcrali, 1691, image 24.gif thumb right 300px Three figures of desultores, one from a bronze lamp, published by Pietro Santi Bartoli Bartoli Antiche Lucerne Sepolcrali , i.24 , the others from coins. In all these, the rider wears a pileus hat pileus , or cap of felt, and his horse is without a saddle. These examples also suggest that he had the use both of the whip and the rein. On the coins, we also observe the wreath and palm branch as ensign of victory. In antiquity, the term apobates Greek, one who gets off or desultor Latin one who leaps down has been applied to individuals skilled at leaping from one horse or chariot to another. As early as the Homeric times, we find the description of a man, who keeps four horses abreast at full gallop, and leaps from one to another, amidst a crowd of admiring spectators. ref Iliad , XV.679 684. ref Eustathius of Thessalonica Eustathius on Homer s Iliad , Lib. IV, assures us that riders might have up to six horses all abreast. ref 1728 ref In the games of the Roman circus , this sport was also very popular. The Roman desultor generally rode only two horses at the same time, sitting on them without a saddle, and vaulting upon either of them at his pleasure. ref Isidore of Seville , Etymologiae , http penelope.uchicago.edu Thayer L Roman Texts Isidore 18 .html 39 XVIII.39 ref He wore a hat or cap made of felt. The taste for these exercises was carried to so great an extent, that young men of the highest rank not only drove biga chariot bigae and quadriga e in the circus, but exhibited these feats of horsemanship. ref Suetonius , Lives of the Twelve Caesars Life of Julius Caesar , http penelope.uchicago.edu Thayer E Roman Texts Suetonius 12Caesars Julius .html 39 39 . ref Among other nations, this level of equestrian dexterity was applied to the purposes of war. Livy mentions a troop of horse in the Numidia n army, in which each soldier was supplied with a couple of hors ... more details
for the similarly named manuscript Codex Sangallensis 48 Codex Sangallensis 878 is a manuscript kept in the library of the Abbey of St. Gall . It dates to the 9th century and probably originates in Fulda monastery . It contains mainly excerpts of grammar grammatical texts, including the Ars minor and Ars maior of Aelius Donatus , the grammar of Priscian , the Etymologiae of Isidore of Sevilla and the grammar of Alcuin . Furthermore, it contains a presentation of the Greek alphabet , the Hebrew alphabet , the Anglo Saxon runes and the Scandinavia n Younger Futhark , the latter in the form of a short rune poem known as the Abecedarium Nordmannicum . Bischoff 1980 considers the manuscript a personal collection or brevarium of Walahfrid Strabo s, who from 827 was in Fulda as a student of Hrabanus Maurus , and from 838 was abbot of the Reichenau Abbey . Hrabanus himself is known to have been interested in runes, and he is credited with the treatise Hrabani Mauri abbatis fuldensis, de inventione linguarum ab Hebraea usque ad Theodiscam on the invention of languages, from Hebrew to German , identifying the Hebrew and Germanic Theodish languages with their respective alphabets. The Abecedarium Nordmannicum The text of the rune poem was unfortunately destroyed in the 19th century by chemicals intended for its preservation. It survives in a 1828 drawing by Wilhelm Grimm . Under a heading ABECEDARIUM NORD it presents the Younger Futhark in three lines, read by Derolez 1965 as Unicode feu forman Unicode ur after Unicode thuris thriten Unicode os ist imo Unicode rat end stabu oboro os uuritan Unicode chaon thanne Unicode hagal Unicode naut habet Unicode is Unicode ar Unicode endi sol diuet cliuot Unicode tiu Unicode brica Unicode endi man Unicode lagu the leohto Unicode yr al bihabet midi Linguistically, the text is a mixture of Old Norse , Old Saxon and Old High German . It is probably based on a Danish original, maybe imported from Haithabu to L ... more details
Old English topics Cotton Cleopatra A.iii is an Anglo Saxon manuscript once held in the Cotton library , now held in the British Library , and contains three glossary glossaries , providing important evidence for Old English vocabulary, as well as for learning and scholarship in Anglo Saxon England generally. The manuscript was probably written at St Augustine s, Canterbury , and has generally been dated to the mid tenth century, ref N. R. Ker, Catalogue of Manuscripts Containing Anglo Saxon Oxford Clarendon Press, 1957 , pp. 180 82 no. 143 . ref though recent work suggests the 930s specifically. ref Philip Guthrie Rusche ed. , The Cleopatra Glossaries An Edition with Commentary on the Glosses and their Sources diss. Yale University, 1996 , pp. 2 6, 33 38. ref The manuscript contains three Latin Old English glossaries. The First Cleopatra Glossary folios 5r 75v is alphabeticised by first letter, drawing on a wide range of sources, including a glossary more or less identical to the Third Cleopatra Glossary , material related to the Corpus Glossary , and a glossed text of Isidore of Seville s Etymologiae . ref Phillip Pulsiano, Prayers, Glosses and Glossaries , in A Companion to Anglo Saxon Literature , ed. by Phillip Pulsiano and Elaine Treharne Oxford, 2001 , p. 218 Patrizia Lendinara, Anglo Saxon Glosses and Glossaries An Introduction , in Anglo Saxon Glosses and Glossaries Aldershot, 1999 , pp. 1 26 pp. 22 26 Wolfgang Kittlick, Die Glossen der Hs. British Library, Cotton Cleopatra A. III Phonologie, Morphologie, Wortgeographie , Europ ische Hochschulschriften Reihe XIV, Angels chsische Sprache und Literatur, 347 Frankfurt am Main, 1998 2.2, 14.2.5 cf. 14.1.5. ref Some of these sources are among the earliest glosses in English, but the Cleopatra reviser or his source often revised them. The glossary only gets as far as P the compilation or copying seems never to have been completed. The Second Cleopatra Glossary folios 76r 91v contains a shorter glossary, organised ... more details
Magog , Hebrew language Hebrew , Greek language Greek , Help IPA pronunciation key ma gog , is the second of the seven sons of Japheth mentioned in the Table of Nations in Book of Genesis Genesis 10. It may represent Hebrew for from Gog , though this is far from certain. Magog is often associated with apocalyptic traditions, mainly in connection with War of Ezekiel 38 39 Ezekiel 38 and 39 which mentions Gog of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal Ezek 38 2 NIV on the basis of this mention, Gog and Magog over time became associated with each other as a pair. Josephus identified the offspring of Magog as the Scythian s, a name used in antiquity for peoples north of the Black Sea . ref citation author Josephus url http www.interhack.net projects library antiquities jews b1c6.html pref title Antiquities of the Jews, Book I, Chapter 6. publisher Interhack Library ref According to him, the Greeks called Scythia Magogia Ant., bk. I, 6 . File Magogus J.Magnus.gif thumb left 300px Illustration of Magog as the first king of Sweden, from Iohannes Magnus Gothorum Suenorumque , 1554 ed. Jordanes Getica 551 mentions Magog as ancestor of the Goth s, as does the Historia Brittonum , but Isidore of Seville c. 635 asserts that this identification was popular because of the similarity of the last syllable Etymologiae , IX, 89 . Johannes Magnus 1488 1544 stated that Magog migrated to Scandinavia via Finland 88 years after the flood, and that his five sons were Suenno ancestor of the Swedes , Gethar or Gog, ancestor of the Goths , Ubbo who later ruled the Swedes and built Uppsala , Thor , and German. ref Johannes Magnus, Historia de omnibus Gothorum Sveonumque regibus , 1554, I, Chapters 4 5, GMC., Cambridge Mass, oclc 27775895 ref Magnus accounts became accepted at the Swedish court for a long time, and even caused the dynastic numerals of the Swedish monarchs to be renumbered accordingly. Queen Christina of Sweden reckoned herself as number 249 in a list o ... more details
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