Ethnocentrism is making value judgments about another culture from perspectives of one s own cultural system. The ethnocentric individual will judge other groups relative to his or her own particular ethnic group or culture, especially with concern to language , behavior, customs, and religion . These ethnic distinctions and sub divisions serve to define each ethnicity s unique cultural identity . ref cite book title Sociology Understanding a Diverse Society author Margaret L. Andersen, Howard Francis Taylor publisher Thomson Wadsworth isbn 0534617166 url http books.google.com ?id LP9bIrZ9xacC&pg PA67 year 2006 ref Origins of the concept and its study The term ethnocentrism was coined by William G. Sumner , upon observing the tendency for people to differentiate between the ingroup and others. He defined it as the technical name for the view of things in which one s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it. ref name MertonSztompka1996 cite book author1 Robert King Merton authorlink Robert K. Merton editor Piotr Sztompka title On social structure and science url http books.google.com books?id vQWgLH1fZ2EC&pg PA248 year 1996 publisher ... science had to transcend the ethnocentrism of the scientist. Both urged anthropologists to conduct ethnography ethnographic field work fieldwork in order to overcome their ethnocentrism. Boas developed ..., and Power.... . ref Examples of ethnocentrism include religiously patterned constructs claiming .... Biology and evolutionary theory A 2011 paper in PNAS suggested that ethnocentrism may be mediated ... promotes human ethnocentrism, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Jan. 10, 2011. ref ... list 4 Afrocentrism American Exceptionalism Americentrism Collective narcissism Consumer ethnocentrism ...., Falger, V., & Vine, I. Eds. 1987 . The Sociobiology of Ethnocentrism. Athens, GA University of Georgia ... Category Ethnocentrism Category Cultural geography Category Sociology of culture ar bg ... more details
Consumer ethnocentrism is derived from the more general psychology psychological concept of ethnocentrism . Basically, ethnocentric individuals tend to view their group as superior to others. As such, they view ... earlier sociological theories of in groups and out groups Shimp & Sharma, 1987 . Ethnocentrism, it is consistently ... ethnocentrism specifically refers to ethnocentric views held by consumer s in one country, the in group ... et al., 1991 Sharma, Shimp, & Shin, 1995 Shimp & Sharma, 1987 . Attributes Consumer ethnocentrism ... consumer ethnocentrism among car buyers in the U.S. and found a strong positive relationship between high ethnocentrism and country based bias in the evaluation of automobile s. Consumers with low ethnocentrism appeared to evaluate automobiles based more on the merits of the actual automobile rather than its country of origin. Brodowsky suggests that understanding consumer ethnocentrism is critical in understanding country of origin effects. Several antecedents of consumer ethnocentrism have ... of consumer ethnocentrism may vary from country to country and culture to culture. In Turkey, patriotism was found to be the most important motive for consumer ethnocentrism. This, it was theorized ... of superiority and dominance appeared to provide the most important contribution to consumer ethnocentrism. The CETSCALE Shimp and Sharma 1987 developed consumer ethnocentrism into a measurable construct ... studies in many different countries and cultures. See also Ethnic nepotism Ethnocentrism References ... 113. Good, L. K., & Huddleston, P. 1995 . Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers Are feelings ... variability and ethnocentrism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73 4 , 719 732. Sharma, S., Shimp, T. A., & Shin, J. 1995 . Consumer ethnocentrism A test of antecedents and moderators ... ethnocentrism Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 8 , 280 ... of Euro Marketing, 5 1 , 57 82. DEFAULTSORT Consumer Ethnocentrism Category Ethnocentrism Category Consumer ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Notability date September 2008 Religiocentrism , contrasted with ethnocentrism , is a value neutral term that primarily refers to a disposition or mode of inquiry in which religious concerns or methodology is central. Bibliography Abu Nimer, Mohammed. Religion, Dialogue, and Non Violent Actions in Palestinian Israeli Conflict. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17 2004 91 511. Doratis, Dianne, and John J. Ray. Religiocentrism And Ethnocentrism Catholic And Protestant In Australian Schools. Sociological Analysis 1972 170 179. Francis, Leslie J. Catholic Schools And Catholic Values? A Study Of Moral And Religious Values Among 13 15 Year Old Pupils Attending Non Denominational And Catholic Schools In England And Wales. International Journal of Education and Religion 3 2002 69 84. See also Egocentrism Ethnocentrism Nationalism Patriotism Relativism Sociology External links http web.archive.org web 20060220103256 http jonjayray.netfirms.com doratis.html Religiocentrism & Ethnocentrism Catholic and Protestant in Australian Schools John J. Ray, University of New South Wales Dianne Doratis, University of Sydney http writ.news.findlaw.com hamilton 20020801.html The Ongoing Fight For Religious Dominance Marci Hamilton, http www.findlaw.com FindLaw Legal Commentary Categorization Category Philosophy Too general Category Religion and society socio stub ja ... more details
POV date June 2009 Xenocentrism is a political neologism , coined as the antonym of ethnocentrism . Xenocentrism is the preference for the products, styles, or ideas of someone else s culture rather than of one s own. ref citation last Johnson first Allan G. year 2000 title The Blackwell dictionary of sociology a user s guide to sociological language edition 2 publisher Wiley Blackwell isbn 9780631216810 url http books.google.com books?id V1kiW7x6J1MC&pg PA351 page 351 ref The 18th century primitivism movement in European art and philosophy, and its concept of the noble savage is an example of xenocentrism. Origins of the term Xenocentrism has recently been used in social philosophy to describe a particular ethical disposition. Ethnocentrism , as coined by Professor William Graham Sumner of Yale University , describes the natural tendencies of an individual to place disproportionate worth upon the values and beliefs of one s own culture relative to others. Expanding upon this idea, John D. Fullmer of Brigham Young University offered that xenocentrism results from an attempt on the part on an individual to correct his or her own ethnocentrism. He argued that as an individual reacts to his own perceived ethnocentrism, he or she will often overcompensate and instead begin to place undue consideration upon the ideas and needs of social groups that are far removed. Xenocentrism is a belief in which one s culture is inferior to the other culture. One culture has the desire that their culture is not better or the feeling of being inferior to the other culture. See also Wiktionary Allophilia Cultural assimilation Cultural appropriation Cultural cringe Multiculturalism Noble savage Self hating Jew White guilt Wigger Xenophobia References Reflist Ethnocentrism Category Culture Category Ethnicity Category Ethnocentrism Category Bias Category Social psychology Category Prejudices Category Multiculturalism Category Neologisms Category Dispositional beliefs Category Anthropology Category ... more details
Americentrism is a term referring to the ethnocentrism ethnocentric and xenophobic practice of viewing the world from an explicitly United States of America American perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of American and, more generally, of Western world Western culture. ref NI, Chun yan. 2008 . Analysis of ethnocentrism. US China Foreign Language , 6 2 , 78. Retrieved March 20, 2009 from http www.linguist.org.cn doc uc200803 uc20080316.pdf. ref Among others, U.S. broadcasting networks ref http www.salon.com news sports col kaufman 2004 08 20 friday ref and U.S. celebrities such as Quentin Tarantino ref http archive.sensesofcinema.com contents festivals 04 32 udine2004.html ref have been accused of being Americentric . See also American exceptionalism Manifest Destiny Geocultural perspectives Afrocentrism Eurocentrism Sinocentrism Notes reflist Influential geocultural perspectives of history & geography Category Geocultural perspectives Category Ethnocentrism Category Political neologisms Category Sociology Category Dispositional beliefs sociology stub zh ... more details
A cosmocentric ethic maintains that the natural state of our universe should be preserved, without human attempts to terraforming terraform planets for human habitation. This has been called a form of anti humanism by opponents. Fact date August 2007 Not to be confused with Kosmocentric , with a capital K, which describes a level of awareness on the pattern of egocentrism and ethnocentrism . See also Ethics of terraforming References Unreferenced date August 2007 refs External links http www.physicsforums.com archive index.php t 110420.html http www.nexialquest.com The 20Terraformation 20of 20Worlds.pdf Terraforming of Worlds Category Planetary engineering Category Ethical schools and movements ... more details
saved book title Culture subtitle cover image Baduy erin014 25.jpg cover color Culture Main article Culture History Cultural history Cultures of the world Cultural region Culture by region Basic concepts Bandwagon effect Counterculture Cross cultural communication Cultural bias Cultural dissonance Sociocultural evolution Cultural evolution Cultural imperialism Culture theory Cultural universal Culture war Demographics Social fact Emotions and culture Ethnic group Ethnocentrism Folk culture Low culture High culture Intercultural competence Organizational culture Popular culture Subculture Urban culture Category Wikipedia books on culture Culture ... more details
three elements Ethnocentrism, Polycentrism and Geocentrism. The importance of the EPG Model is mainly ... Function, Products, and Geography. ref name Barlett class wikitable Ethnocentrism Polycentrism ... Elements of the EPG Model Ethnocentrism There is no international firm today whose executives will say that ethnocentrism is absent in their organization. ref name Barlett The word ethnocentrism derives .... ref name AAPEthno http www.allaboutphilosophy.org ethnocentrism faq.htm Ethnocentrism . AllAboutPhilosphy.org. ref A common phrase set for ethnocentrism is tunnel vision. In this context, ethnocentrism ... others. ref name AAPEthno Ethnocentrism is characterized by or based on the attitude that one s own group is superior to others. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary ethnocentrism Definition Ethnocentrism . The Online Merriam Webster Dictionary. ref The ethnocentric attitude is found in many ... There is a tendency towards ethnocentrism in relations with subsidiaries in developing countries and in industrial ... country . ref name Barlett Organizations that portray ethnocentrism usually identify themselves with the nationality ... because its headquarters are located in America. The crucial critical concept of ethnocentrism in international ... name Barlett There are many costs that ethnocentrism can incur on an international organization. Using .... ref name SKamath Costs and Benefits of Ethnocentrism class wikitable Costs Benefits Ineffective ... life in which ethnocentrism and polycentrism are more adequate models to follow, but functional ... Greater commitment to global objectives Higher global profits ref name SKamath See also Ethnocentrism ... more details
Intercultural relations is a relatively new formal field of social science studies. It deals with the ability to get along with others, especially those from a cultural difference different cultural background. Some of the main topics of study are reflection and development of cultural competence analyzing different cultural patterns in the world finding strategies for adapting solving problems in intercultural communication teaching social skills to reduce cultural misunderstandings studying the lifelong impact of youth and other Student exchange program exchange s See also Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity DMIS Cross cultural Cultural assimilation Cultural diversity Ethnocentrism Human fit Intercultural competence Interculturality Metacommunicative competence Racial integration Transculturation Intercambio External links http www.glimpse.org Stories about Intercultural Experiences and Cultural Exchange Compiled by The Glimpse Foundation http www.cicb.net CICB Center of Intercultural Competence Category Social sciences Category Interculturalism de Interkulturelle Kommunikation sociology stub ... more details
In demographics , clustering is the gathering of various population s based on ethnicity , economics , or religion . In countries that hold equality as important, clustering occurs between groups because of polarizing factors such as religion , wealth or ethnocentrism . Clustering is often considered an enriching part of free cultures in which one can visit a Chinatown or a French quarter for restaurant choices. Other sociologists assert that clustering of like minded individuals leads to political polarity and intolerance of contrary opinions, as the United States has allegedly been trending since the 1950s. ref Bill Bishop, Robert G. Cushing, The Big Sort Why the Clustering of Like Minded America Is Tearing Us Apart Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2009 http books.google.com books?id nLNVd8ZkW0UC&source gbs navlinks s ISBN 0547237723, 9780547237725 ref References reflist See also Cuzick Edwards test Chinatown French quarter DEFAULTSORT Clustering Demographics Category Sociological terms ... more details
Indocentrism is any ethnocentric ref name ppt cite book last Persram first Nalini title Postcolonialism and political theory publisher Lexington Books date 2007 pages 201 isbn 9780739116678 url http books.google.com books?id 7nkEY1vK5QQC&pg PA201&dq 22Indocentrism 22&lr &num 100&ei pBSS46rE5X6lQSPsbjsBw&cd 22 v onepage&q 22Indocentrism 22&f false accessdate January 17, 2010 ref perspective that regards India to be central or unique relative to other countries and holds that the host culture i.e. of India, is superior than others. ref name ppt Viewpoint According to Indologist Michael Witzel , there is a recent tendency of indigenously minded revision and rewriting of India s history and archeology in scholarly publications, media, the Internet and government publications. This Indocentric rewriting includes claims that the first civilization human civilization in the world formed in India in c. 10,000 BC, that there is an uninterrupted continuity of the Indian civilization from 7500 BC to present, and that Indo European speaking Europe was populated by the immigrant people from the Indo Gangetic Plain . ref name mw cite book last Fagan first Garrett G. title Archaeological Fantasies How Pseudoarchaeology Misrepresents the Past and Misleads the Public publisher Routledge date 2006 chapter Rama s realm Indocentric rewritings of early South Asian archaeology and history page 203 isbn 9780415305921 ref See also Indian nationalism References reflist Ethnocentrism Category Geocultural perspectives Category Ethnocentrism ... more details
Cultural suppression occurs when a culture is suppressed, usually coinciding with the promotion of another culture. It is often related to cultural imperialism . The person of the suppressed culture either seeks a foreign culture to adopt or creates a new one to replace it. The psychological effects of the former is a sense of alienation within the person of the suppress culture due to a constant internalization of the fact that he she has leeched on to a culture, that is not truly theirs. This leaves the person hating the suppressor and longer the person accepts the foreign culture without internalization, the more severe the alienation if the individual begins to feel he she does not belong. Usually, cultural suppression occurs when a nation wants to discredit another nation s historical significance in order to perpetuate imperialist ideas and their own culture. Methods refimprove date December 2011 Raiding and burning national libraries of another culture. Destroying significant artifacts of another culture. Suppressing information about another culture s accomplishments. Removing people from their native milieu and cutting off their ties to it. Further reading http academics.keene.edu tstavely Resources ccpsy papers.html Some Cross Cultural Psychology Papers 1995 2002 Category Ethnocentrism culture stub socio stub ... more details
orphan date October 2008 refimprove date October 2008 Pseudospeciation begins with the fact that cultural differences cause humans to separate into different social groups, with different language, dress, customs, etc. These cultural differences are analogous to the formation of different biological species speciation . In the extreme, pseudospeciation leads to dehumanization of other cultural groups outgroup sociology out groups . Pseudospeciation, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, refers to the tendency of members of in groups to consider members of out groups to have evolved genetically into different, separate, and inferior species to their own. The term was first used by Erik Erikson in 1966, according to his biographer, Lawrence J. Friedman Identity s Architect, p. 442 . Dehumanization is one possible outcome of pseudospeciation, as is discrimination and genocide . Francisco Gil White proposed in 2001 that humans evolved in such a way that the brain perceives different ethnic groups to be equivalent to different biological species, thus suggesting that pseudospeciation is innate. His hypothesis has yet to receive widespread empirical support. His theory and data are found in Current Anthropology, Vol. 42, No. 4, pp. 515 554. Pseudospeciation is an especially virulent form of ethnocentrism . Category Sociological terms socio stub ... more details
orphan date December 2009 The Indian History and Culture Society was founded in 1978 , and operates from the premises of the Indian Archaeological Society in New Delhi . The society s journal History Today not the same as Hinduism Today published in USA has been appearing annually since 2000 . The Society was encouraged by, and initially funded by, the Janata Party Janata government of 1977 79 that included the Jan Sangh and attracted a variety of members, including some sympathetic to the RSS and others disaffected from the textbook establishment. ref Rethinking Secularism Genesis and Implications of the Textbook Controversy , 1977 79, by Lloyd I. Rudolph Susanne Hoeber Rudolph Pacific Affairs. ref The group s first publication, the 1979 Problems of Indian Historiography ed. Devahuti review M. N. Pearson, Journal of the American Oriental Society 1981 has the aim to reorient Indian historiography . Pearson notes that British historians and their Indian disciples are of course roundly condemned for ethnocentrism . External links http indarchaeology.org archaeology ihcs.htm References reflist Category Historiography of India india stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Multiracism is the conflict between the various ethnic communities that conform a State polity state , based on the belief that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race classification of human beings race . The term focuses upon the social and economic life of the ethnicities , demonstrating that while some have found economic success, others have remained underprivileged. Many ethnic groups have tried to maintain a unity especially through language , religion , politics and culture . Similarly, many ethnic groups have faced varying types of hostility from both the state and other ethnic groups. See also Racism Multiculturalism Ethnocentrism Liberalism References cite book first Panikos last Panayi title The Impact of Immigration in Post War Britain year 1999 publisher Manchester University Press id ISBN 978 0719046858 cite book first Philip last Cohen title Multiracist Britain New Directions in Theory and Practice year 1994 publisher Palgrave Macmillan id ISBN 978 0333332504 Category Sociology of culture es multirracismo ... more details
No footnotes date May 2011 Island mentality refers to the notion of isolated communities perceiving themselves as superior or exceptional to the rest of the world. This term does not directly refer to a geographically confined society, but to the cultural, moral, or ideological superiority of a community lacking social exposure. Island mentality can be characterized by narrow mindedness, ignorance, or outright hostility towards any artifact concept, ideology, lifestyle choice, art form, etc. originating from outside of the geographic area inhabited by the society. The term island mentality is also used in some psychological research Which date May 2011 to describe individuals who dislike or have problems with relating to others, and then live as loners or islands . This concept in which people may feel inferior, afraid, or alone has little to nothing to do with the above terminology. See also Groupthink Not Invented Here NIH Syndrome Ethnocentrism References http www.washingtonpost.com wp dyn content article 2010 01 31 AR2010013102080.html Israel and Pacific republics, united by an island mentality http www.guardian.co.uk commentisfree 2007 oct 14 deserttheislandmentality Desert the island mentality http www.timeshighereducation.co.uk story.asp?storycode 403402 Ditch the island mentality http opinion.globaltimes.cn commentary 2010 04 521782.html Taiwan s island mentality splits between isolation and integration Relevance fallacies Category Appeals to emotion sv mentalitet ... more details
Ethnocentrism Goodness and value theory Social learning Cultural pluralism Xenocentrism Notes ... biases Category Cultural anthropology Category Value Category Ethnocentrism Category Bias fr Biais ... more details
, friendship, and social groups. This may represent a biological factor underlying ethnocentrism ..., ethnocentrism cum xenophobia seems universally present in preindustrial societies and in many primate ..., and discrimination. See also Altruism Endogamy Ethnic group Ethnic nationalism Ethnocentrism ... K. W., http www.pnas.org content early 2011 01 06 1015316108 Oxytocin promotes human ethnocentrism ... Stauffer, http dx.doi.org 10.1016 j.physa.2009.08.029 Evolution of ethnocentrism on undirected and directed ... more details
Chosen one Christ of Europe Ethnocentrism Exceptionalism God complex Master race Messiah complex self ... Reflist Further reading cite book author Dave Dean Capucao title Religion and Ethnocentrism An Empirical ... Ethnocentrism Category Judeo Christian topics Category Racism Category Religious behaviour and experience ... more details
Cannibal Tours is a 1988 documentary film by Australian director and cinematographer Dennis O Rourke . While it borrows heavily from ethnographic modes of representation, the film is a biting commentary on the nature of modernity. The film follows a number of European ethnic groups European and United States American ecotourism ecotourists as they travel from village to village throughout the Sepik River area in Papua New Guinea , driving hard bargains for local handcrafted items, paying to view formerly sacred ceremonies and taking photographs of every aspect of primitive life. With some prodding, the tourists unwittingly reveal an unattractive and pervasive ethnocentrism to O Rourke s cameras. The tourists thus become somewhat dehumanized by the camera, even as the tourists themselves are busy exoticizing even the most mundane aspects of Sepik River life. The title of the film can be read in at least a couple of ways. At one point early in the film, a German tourist, clearly titillated, describes the bygone practice of raiding and cannibalism . Cannibalism, the viewer also learns, was highly symbolic and often involved taking and wearing the skins of the victims. The film closes on a group of tourists who have painted their faces in native fashion and ape fierce gestures at one another as they dance. External links http www.imdb.com title tt0199399 Cannibal Tours at the Internet Movie Database http www.cameraworklimited.com films cannibal tours.html Official Website for Cannibal Tours http www.cameraworklimited.com get 2250047090.pdf On The Making of Cannibal Tours by Dennis O Rourke PDF CinemaofAustralia Category 1988 films Category Australian films Category English language films Category Australian documentary films Category 1980s documentary films Category Films shot in Papua New Guinea Australia film stub cs Cannibal Tours es Cannibal Tours ... more details
Exoticism from exotic is a trend in art and design , influenced by some ethnic groups or civilizations since the late 19th century. In music , exoticism is a genre in which the rhythms, melodies, or instrumentation are designed to evoke the atmosphere of far off lands or ancient times e.g. Maurice Ravel Ravel s Daphnis et Chlo and Tzigane for Violin and Orchestra , Claude Debussy Debussy s Syrinx for Flute Solo or Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov Rimsky Korsakov s Capriccio espagnol . Like orientalist subjects in 19th century painting, exoticism in the decorative arts and interior decoration was associated with fantasies of opulence. Exoticism, by definition, is the charm of the unfamiliar. Scholar Alden Jones defines exoticism in art and literature as the representation of one culture for consumption by another. ref http www.thesmartset.com article article08060708.aspx ref An archetypical exoticist is the artist and writer Paul Gauguin , whose visual representations of Tahiti an people and landscapes were targeted at a French audience. While exoticism is closely linked to Orientalism , it is not a movement necessarily associated with a particular time period or culture. Exoticism may take the form of primitivism , ethnocentrism , or humanism. See also Chinoiserie Orientalism Other References Reflist http links.jstor.org sici?sici 0013 2586 199123 25 3A1 3C119 3AEITE 3E2.0.CO 3B2 M George Rousseau and Roy Porter 1990 . Exoticism in the Enlightenment Manchester Manchester University Press . ISBN 0 567 09330 1 http www.thesmartset.com article article08060708.aspx The Smart Set Alden Jones on Teaching Exoticism on Semester at Sea Segalen, Victor. Essay on Exoticism An Aesthetics of Diversity . Trans. Ya l Rachel Schlick. Durham Duke University Press, 2002. External links Wiktionary http www.metmuseum.org toah hd exot hd exot.htm Exoticism in Decorative Arts http www.silk road.com artl tang.shtml Exoticism in Tang http maras5.tripod.com Exoticism in the Literature of 1930s Cate ... more details
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