detached from ethnicity. A partly overlapping concept is that of folk religion referring to ethnic or regional religious customs under the umbrella of an institutionalized religion e.g. folk Christianity . Adherents of an ethnicreligion may constitute an ethnoreligious group . In antiquity, religion ... that each nation will have its own religion. Historical examples include Germanic polytheism , Celtic polytheism , Slavic polytheism and pre Hellenistic Ancient Greek religion Greek religion . Adherents.com cites Barrett s 2001 world religion calculations for a demographic estimate, ranging at 457 million tribal religionists, ethnic religionists, or animists, including African traditional religion ..., even revealed religion will assume local traits and in a sense will revert to an ethnicreligion ... Orthodoxy Russian and others. The term ethnicreligion is therefore also applied to a religion in a particular ... in the Caribbean has been considered an ethnicreligion by some scholars, because Hindus in Trinidad ... April title Brahmanism Abroad On Caribbean Hinduism as an EthnicReligion journal Ethnology volume ... have been described as an ethnicreligion, because they are closely associated with the ethnic ... of Ethnic Identity and Boundary Among Second Generation Korean Americans journal Sociology of Religion ... accessdate 2009 09 17 ref Judaism is considered an ethnicreligion by some authors defining ... Chinese folk religion Chinese EthnicReligion or Shenism , and Taoism Han Chinese Hans Dongbaism ... Ancient Mexicah Religion , Santa Muerte Santa Muerte Worship Maya religionethnic Maya people ... Altar to Inari kami at the Fushimi Inari taisha Fushimi Inari Shrine in Kyoto . Shinto is the ethnicreligion of the Japanese people . Ethnicreligion may include officially sanctioned and organized civil religion s with an organized clergy , but they are characterized in that adherents generally ..., etc. With the rise of Christianity , Islam and Buddhism , ethnic religions came to be marginalized ... more details
No religion may refer to Irreligion , absence of, indifference towards, or hostility towards religion Atheism , the rejection of belief in the existence of deities No Religious Test Clause , found in Article VI, paragraph 3 of the U.S. Constitution No Religion , a song by Van Morrison from his album Days Like This Van Morrison album Days Like This disambig ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name The Religion title orig translator image image caption author Nicholas Conde cover artist country United States language English series genre Horror novel publisher Signet Books Signet pub date March 1983 media type Print Paperback pages 355 pp isbn 0 451 12119 8 oclc 9527268 preceded by followed by The Religion is a horror novel written in 1982 by Nicholas Conde . It explores the ritual sacrifice of children to appease the pantheon of Haitian Vodou Myths and misconceptions voodoo deities, through the currently used practice of Santer a . This is by no mean accurate, as the practice of Santer a has never practiced nor condoned the sacrifice of humans, much less children, but the novel depicts the various deities and personas commonly seen in Santer a, and it attempts to explain the connection between Santer a and voodoo. This religion is huge, complex and living in our midsts. Sacrifices must be made to save the world, or so they believe. Anthropologist Cal Jamison intends to study Santaria but finds himself hopelessly ensnared. Trying to help a NY cop discover the killers of several children, he gets in over his head and finds his 7 year old son Chris is in jeopardy. What is the price needed to ensure good? Can he rescue Chris in time? Who are his friends and who are his enemies? Chilling The novel served as the basis for the 1987 feature film The Believers . ref name nyt cite web url http movies.nytimes.com movie review?res 9B0DE6DD1138F933A25755C0A961948260 title FILM THE BELIEVERS, FROM JOHN SCHLESINGER last Canby first Vincent date 10 June 1987 work The New York Times accessdate 2009 10 17 ref References reflist DEFAULTSORT Religion Category Horror novels Category 1982 novels Category American novels adapted into films 1980s novel stub ... more details
Ethnic nationalism is a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined in terms of ethnicity . Whatever specific ethnicity is involved, ethnic nationalism always includes some element of Kinship descent from previous generations and the implied claim of ethnic essentialism , i.e. the understanding of ethnicity as an essence that remains unchanged over time. The central theme of ethnic nationalists ... faith, and a common ethnic ancestry. ref name ReferenceA Muller, Jerry Z. Us and Them. Current ... political tenet of ethnic nationalism is that ethnic group s can be identified unambiguously, and that each ... nation based upon ethnicity. In scholarly literature, ethnic nationalism is usually contrasted with civic nationalism . Ethnic nationalism bases membership of the nation on descent or heredity ... states with strong traditions of ethnic nationalism tend to define nationality or citizenship ..., birth within the nation state . Ethnic nationalism is therefore seen as exclusive, while civic ..., then, ethnic nationalism tends to emphasise narratives of common descent. The theorist Anthony D. Smith uses the term ethnic nationalism for non Western culture Western concepts of nationalism ... art00009 Language, ethnicity and religion a complex and persistent linkage . Nations and Nationalism 14 1 171 190. DOI 10.1111 j.1469 8129.2008.00323.x ref Ethnic nationalism is also present in many ... dominant ethnic group, if desired. ref name ReferenceA For example, Italy allows citizenship ... to ethnic Germans . Clarify date December 2011 According to the Greek nationality law , Greeks ... and in turn receive legal privileges. A nation state for the ethnic group derives political legitimacy from its status as homeland of that ethnic group, from its protective function against colonization ... may not have been possible under the ethnic group s previous status as an ethnic minority . See also Ethnic group Identity politics Diaspora politics Essentialism Nationalism Ethnic nepotism Ethnocentrism ... more details
from outside competition. ReligionReligion has played a predominant role in the forming of ethnic ...globalize date December 2010 An ethnic enclave is an ethnic community which retains some cultural distinction ... based on ethnic groups. Sometimes when date October 2011 an entire city which date October 2011 ... in the suburbs. ref Immigrant Enclaves and Ethnic Enclaves in New York and Los Angeles. John R. Logan American Sociological Review, Vol. 115, April pp. 299&ndash 322 ref Ethnic enclaves form all over the world, not just in the United States. Historically, the formation of ethnic enclaves may be involuntary, as an ghetto ethnic or racial ghetto , due to housing discrimination which prevented members of ethnic, or religious minorities from settling in other parts of town. For example, in the United ... their home villages. To city residents who are not part of the community, the ethnic area has become a dining and shopping destination and source of authentic ethnic food and groceries, such as Chinese ... leaders have found ways to promote certain ethnic enclaves as tourist attraction s for revenue. Services and goods in the area are oriented toward the ethnic group, and the lingua franca for business ... even within especially with American born descendants of ethnic immigrants &mdash the ethnic group. Ethnic enclaves may also be sources of imported goods not easily found or sold in mainstream American ... are also sources of ethnic language media. These often provide a different scope of coverage than ... about mainland China. The ethnic media might focus closely on events in the country of origin and within the ethnic enclaves themselves such as political rallies in Chinatown and satellite immigrant communities. Economy In the case of many ethnic enclaves, businesses started by the members of the community ... to the people that live in the enclave and are of the same ethnic background as the other people ... to settle around people who share religion. Also, they don t want to face the same oppression ... more details
Refimprove date June 2011 White ethnic is a term used in United States sociology to refer to Definitions of whiteness in the United States whites who are not of European Protestant background. ref name Marger2008p282quote cite book last Marger first Martin N. year 2008 title Race and Ethnic Relations American and Global Perspectives publisher Cengage Learning edition 8 isbn 0 495 50436 X page 282 Religion is the most critical factor in separating white ethnics in American society. As Catholics and secondarily Jews ... they were immediately set apart from the Protestant majority at the time of their entrance and given a strongly negative reception. ref They consist of a number of distinct groups, and within the United States make up approximately 9.4 of the population. ref name Marger2008p281 cite book last Marger first Martin N. year 2008 title Race and Ethnic Relations American and Global Perspectives publisher Cengage Learning edition 8 isbn 0 495 50436 X page 281 ref Only once in the United States Census the 1970 US Census was there an official demographic survey of white ethnics and it found about 19 million out of the then 200 million people claimed white ethnic ancestry. Citation needed date April 2010 The term white ethnic almost always carried the connotation of being blue ... showrev.php?id 988 accessdate 16 December 2009 ref White ethnic identities were thought to be the strongest ... part of the national scene. Also a number of ethnic organization groups in the 1960s and 1970s were more vocal and supported promotion of the white ethnic cultures of the United States. In the early ... to discrimination and ethnic stereotypes by the White Anglo Saxon Protestant or WASP elite. However, since the mid 20th century, most traditional white ethnic groups have ranked at the top of socio ... be considered as traditional ethnic groups as the term is normally understood in the United States ... descent Category Ethnic groups in the United States ... more details
File Morto i Serbi.jpg thumb 250px Graffiti saying Death to Serbs on the destroyed Serbian Orthodox St. George cathedral in Prizren , International recognition of Kosovo disputed region of Kosovo Ethnic hatred , inter ethnic hatred , racial hatred , or ethnic tension refers to feelings and acts of prejudice and hostility towards an ethnic group in various degrees. See list of anti ethnic and anti national terms for specific cases. There are multiple origins for ethnic hatred and the resulting ethnic conflict s. In some societies it is rooted in tribalism , while in others it originates from a history of non peaceful co existence and the resulting actual disputed issues. Often ethnic conflict is enhanced by nationalism and feeling of national superiority. For which reason inter ethnic hatred borders with racism , and often the two terms are conflated. On the opposite side, ethnic conflict may stem from the feeling of real or perceived discrimination by another ethnic group, see reverse racism . Ethnic hatred has often been exploited and even fueled by some political leaders to serve their agenda of seeking to consolidate the nation or gain electorate by calling for a united struggle against a common real or imaginary enemy. ref http www.globalpolicy.org security issues ind pak 2002 0707ethnic.htm Using Ethnic Hatred to Meet Political Ends about ethnic problems in Indian subcontinent ref In many countries incitement to ethnic or racial hatred is a criminal offense . See also Racism Ethnic cleansing Genocide Ethnocide World on Fire Hate crime Religious hatred References reflist Category Anti national sentiment Category Ethnic conflict Hatred, ethnic sociology stub is Kyn ttahatur ... more details
dabconcept Ethnic intolerance can refer to the following ethnic hatred ethnic conflict discrimination racism ethnic nationalism disambiguation Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 Globalize date December 2010 An ethnic elite refers to an ethnic group which in a local context has gained a position of economic and power over that of other groups. Ethnic elitism elites may also foster ideologies and beliefs which serve to sustain their relative power. The ethnic elite may be divided in two basic ways &mdash either an elite ethnic majority or an elite ethnic minority . The term Market dominant minorities market dominant minority has also been used. See also Minority rights Dominant minority Minoritarianism Ethnocracy Sinocentrism White Latin Americans References references DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Elite Category Ethnicity Culture stub Ethno stub ... more details
Ethnic Chinese may refer to Han Chinese , the dominant ethnic group in the People s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Macao, the Republic of China Taiwan and Singapore. Overseas Chinese , people of Chinese birth or descent living outside of China, generally assumed to be part of the above Han group, although there are also people with non Han ancestry from China. Zhonghua minzu , the umbrella term to refer to all ethnic groups native to China. See also List of ethnic groups in China groups within the People s Republic of China PRC and the Republic of China ROC, Taiwan . disambig zh ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Terrorism Ethnic violence also known as ethnic terrorism or ethnically motivated terrorism refers to violence expressly motivated by ethnic hatred . It is commonly related to political violence , and often the terms are interchangeable, or one is used as a pretext for the other when politically expedient. Racist terrorism is a form of ethnic violence dominated by overt racism and xenophobic reactionism. This form typically involves attacks on ethnic minorities minorities , and is associated with right wing extremism . Racial supremacist groups such as Neo Nazis epitomize ethnic terrorists, though other violent ethnic supremacism ethnic supremacist groups qualify. Violent ethnic rivalry is the subject matter of Jewish sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz s Der Rassenkampf Struggle of the Races , 1909 and more recently of Amy Chua s notable study, World On Fire How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability and Kevin B. MacDonald s controversial works on the Darwinian evolutionary politics of Judaism, which have been called anti Semitic and white supremacist. ref Southern Poverty Law Center Intelligence Report, Spring 2007, Issue 125, http www.splcenter.org get informed intelligence report browse all issues 2007 spring promoting hate ref Examples PKK Pogrom Combat 18 , United Kingdom The Order group The Order , United States Ku Klux Klan , United States Hammerskins , International Serb Paramilitary groups i.e. Arkan s White tigers and many more The Croatian Usta e headed by Ante Paveli Azanian People s Liberation Army APLA , South Africa Death Angels , United States MLNQ Don Black nationalist and Operation Red Dog 2005 Cronulla riots Cronulla Race Riots in Sydney , 2005 2006 Moscow market bombing , Russia Riots in Kondopoga , Karelia , Russia in 2006 The Hedvig Malina case The Armenian Revolutionary Federation Dashnaks ... Reflist DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Violence Category Racism Category Terrorism by form Category Ethnic conflict ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 An ethnic majority refers to a condition in which a particular ethnic group comprises the majority of a particular population. It is frequently based on genealogy . For example, we can refer to the Caucasian race , or the Asian race , or the black race . However, it can also refer to a commonality in cultural or religious practices, as well as linguistic or behavioral practices. For more information, refer to majority , minority group minority , and or ethnicity . See also high elite DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Majority Category Ethnicity ... more details
Ethnic history is a branch of social history that studies ethnic groups and immigrants. Barkan 2007 argues ... policies and decisions, and, especially, develop compassion for the ethnic and gender groups under study Defining the field Ethnic history is especially important in the U.S. and Canada. Oscar Handlin ... and sponsor of ethnic historiography. Handlin s Pulitzer prize winning interpretation, The Uprooted 1951 was highly influential. ref Oscar Handlin and Mary F. Handlin, The New History and the Ethnic .... ref Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups 1980 http books.google.com ... looks at the historiography of Canadian ethnic history and finds to alternative methodologies. One ... phenomenon and integrates it into the mainstream of Canadian culture. ref Roberto Perin, Clio as Ethnic ... 4, pp441 467 ref A significant trend has been to integrate ethnic history with other new historiographical ... history or women s history . Organizations The Immigration and Ethnic History Society was formed ... immigration ethnic his soc.htm Immigration and Ethnic History Society ref The American Conference ... Society is the oldest ethnic society, founded in 1892 it has 3,300 members and publishes American ... twice each year. ref See http www.polishamericanstudies.org index.html PAHA website ref H ETHNIC ... globally. ref see http www.h net.org ethnic H ETHNIC website ref See also Emigration from Europe European American White Latin American Ethnic groups in the Middle East Historical immigration ... States Languages of Europe List of ethnic groups Notes references Bibliography Barkan, Elliott ... ethnic Research, Journal of American Ethnic History, Jan 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 2, pp 85 99 Gabaccia, Donna ... experts, covering both Catholics and Protestants. Hoerder, Dirk. Ethnic studies in Canada from the 1880s to 1962 A historiographical perspective and critique, Canadian Ethnic Studies, 1994, Vol. 26 Issue 1, pp 1 18 Levinson, David. Ethnic Groups Worldwide A Ready Reference Handbook, 1998 , ISBN 978 ... more details
lead missing date April 2011 Orphan date December 2010 Ethnic Media Ethnic Media is media fashioned with a particular ethnic minority group or ethnic minority community, in mind. Academic Yu Shi tenders an operational definition for ethnic media Ethnic media are often regarded as media by and for ethnics in a host country with content in ethnic languages. ref Shi, Yu. 2009, p. 599 . Re evaluating the alternative role of ethnic media in the US the case of Chinese language press and working class women readers. Sage Publications. ref Shi also adds, ethnic media can be published by big ethnic media groups and by small organic ethnic communities , as well. ref Shi, Yu. 2010 . Audio Interview. ref ... to a specific ethnic community. And it could be in language or it could be bilingual that reaches ..., television, radio, online, print, and magazine outlets that qualify as ethnic media, academic John D.H. Downing adds musical culture and forms of religious expression to the ethnic media mix. Downing ... absorption and psychic validation in the often fraught atmosphere between the ethnic majority and ethnic ... movements. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. ref Downing finds that ethnic media tends to circulate ... and settled subordinate ethnic groups. ref Downing, John. 2001, p. 81 . Radical Media Rebellious communication and social movements. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. ref Ethnic Media as Alternative ... of what qualifying factors that classify a respective ethnic media outlet as an alternative media outlet is also, at play. Thus, Ethnic Media is not by definitional default, Alternative Media ... and overdetermined zone. Discernment of whether or not a respective ethnic media outlet qualifies ... the alternative media role of ethnic media in the United States reference has to be made to their 1 ... evaluating the alternative role of ethnic media in the US the case of Chinese language press and working class women readers. Sage Publications. ref Examples of Ethnic Media Black Enterprise Black Enterprise ... more details
Forms of government Ethnic democracy is a political system that combines a structured ethnic dominance with democratic, political and civil rights for all. Both the dominant ethnic group and the minority ethnic groups have citizenship and are able to fully participate in the political process. Ethnic .... Nor is an ethnic democracy a Herrenvolk democracy which is by definition a democracy officially limited to the core ethnic nation only. ref name smooha Smooha , S. The model of ethnic democracy Israel ... The term ethnic democracy was introduced by University of Haifa sociologist Sammy Smooha in a book published in 1989. ref Smooha , S. http www.ecmi.de download working paper 13.pdf The model of ethnic ... Smooha defines eight features that are the core elements of his model of an ethnic democracy ref name Priit Priit J rve. http www.ecmi.de download working paper 7.pdf Ethnic Democracy and Estonia , European Centre for Minority Issues, ECMI Working Paper 13, 2000. ref Ethnic nationalism installs a single core ethnic nation in the state. The state separates membership in the single core ethnic nation from citizenship. The state is owned and ruled by the core ethnic nation. The state mobilises the core ethnic nation. Non core groups are accorded incomplete individual and collective rights .... Smooha also defines ten conditions that can lead to the establishment of an ethnic democracy ref name Priit The core ethnic nation constitutes a solid numerical majority. The non core population constitutes a significant minority. The core ethnic nation has a commitment to democracy. The core ethnic ... into more than one ethnic group. The core ethnic nation has a sizeable, supportive Diaspora. The homelands ... democratic ethnic state has taken place. Applicability of the model The model has been applied by researchers ... Sammy Smooha contends that Israel is a model or archetypical ethnic democracy. ref name smooha ref S Smooha, http img2.tapuz.co.il CommunaFiles 32398285.pdf Ethnic democracy Israel as an archetype ... more details
Discrimination sidebar An ethnic stereotype is a generalized representation of an ethnic group , composed of what are thought to be typical characteristics of members of the group. Ethnic stereotypes are commonly portrayed in ethnic joke s. Ethnic stereotypes Image National stereotypes.jpg thumb 250px right A 19th century children s literature children s book informs its readers that the Dutch people Dutch are a very industrious race , and that China Chinese children are very obedient to their parents . Stereotypes of African Americans African Americans Stereotypes of Argentines Argentines Stereotypes of East Asians in the United States East Asians Anti Japanese sentiment Japanese Stereotypes of Hispanic and Latino Americans Hispanics and Latinos Stereotypes of Native Americans Native Americans Stereotypes of South Asians South Asians Russophobia Russians Western stereotypes of West and Central Asians West and Central Asians Stereotypes of Arabs and Muslims Arabs Stereotypes of Jews Jews Anti Iranian sentiment Persians Stereotypes of white people White people Anti Irish racism Irish Anti Italianism Italians Anti Polonism Polish people Anti French sentiment French people Anti Chilean sentiment Chileans See also Cross race effect Mores Racism Stereotype List of ethnic slurs List of archetypal names Niggas vs. Black People References Al , Maurizio. 2010 . http ww.razonypalabra.org.mx N N74 VARIA74 23AliV74.pdf Medios de comunicaci n, asuntos tnicos e intercultura en Colombia . En Revista Raz n y Palabra, 74 nov.2010 ene.2011 . M xico DF ITESM Campus Estado de M xico. ISSN 1605 4806. cite journal author Terracciano A, Abdel Khalek AM, Ad m N, et al. title National character does not reflect mean personality trait levels in 49 cultures journal Science volume 310 issue 5745 pages 96 100 year 2005 month Oct pmid 16210536 doi 10.1126 science.1117199 pmc 2775052 Ethnic stereotypes Ethnicity DEFAULTSORT Ethnic Stereotype Category Sociology Category Ethnic and racial stereotypes ... more details
Ethnic Vietnamese may mean Vi t Ki u or Overseas Vietnamese , referring to people of Vietnamese descent not living in Vietnam Vietnamese people , referring to people of Vietnamese descent without restriction disambig ... more details
An ethnic conflict or ethnic war is a conflict between ethnic group s often as a result of ethnic nationalism ... result in war crime s such as genocide . Academic explanations of ethnic conflict generally ... of whether ethnic conflict has become more prevalent since the end of the Cold War , and on devising ... . Theories of ethnic conflict Image BergenBelsen4.jpg thumb right The symbolic grave of Margot Frank Margot and Anne Frank at Bergen Belsen concentration camp The causes of ethnic conflict ... schools in order to increase our understanding of ethnic conflict. Primordialist accounts Proponents of primordialist accounts of ethnic conflict argue that e thnic groups and nationalities exist ... tie of primordialityhuth A response to Eller and Coughlan , Ethnic and Racial Studies 17 1 , pp. 164 171, p. 168 ref The primordialist account relies on a concept of kinship between members of an ethnic group. Donald L. Horowitz argues that this kinship makes it possible for ethnic groups to think in terms of family resemblances . ref Donald L. Horowitz 1985 Ethnic Groups in Conflict , Berkeley ... to the concept of ethnic wars as a myth because they argue that the root causes of ethnic conflict ... scientists argue that the concept of ethnic war is misleading because it leads to an essentialism ... in the United States, in the debate about white ethnic persistence in what was supposed to have been ... than social classes . ref name Smith In this account of ethnic identification, e thnicity and race ... accounts. Moreover, the scholars of this school do generally not oppose neither that ethnic difference ... over such difference. Instrumentalists simply claim that ethnic difference is not sufficient ... for and Limits to Their Settlement in Andreas Klinke, Ortwin Renn & Jean Paul Lehners, ,eds, Ethnic ..., set of accounts stress the importance of the socially constructed nature of ethnic groups, drawing ... of ethnic conflict and civil war s have introduced theories that draw insights from all three traditional ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2010 The concept of ethnic origin is an attempt to classify people, not according to their current nationality , but according to where their ancestors came from. For example somebody living in a monocultural environment, speaking English for example and clearly a member of an English speaking cultural milieu, may be descended from immigrants speaking some other language and still participate in some of aspects their culture. Ethnic origin has become a popular classification in statistics , where the concept of Race classification of human beings races has been largely discarded since World War II , for various reasons. A reaction against the abuses of the Nazism Nazis and apartheid made it hard to collect, store or publish racial data Citation needed date February 2010 . Social scientists in general have lost interest in race as useful concept of study Citation needed date February 2010 , with many other differences between population groups more significant. However the relative prosperity of distinguishable groups remain of interest in public policy discussions. In the US, however, the use of the term race is still current. The Race U.S. census census asks questions about race, though the classification used is no different from what would be termed ethnic origin elsewhere Citation needed date February 2010 . The concept of ethnic origin in practice may seem arbitrary and without a rigorous definition of how to assign a person to the particular categories. If a person was asked for their ethnic origin and answered how do I tell what ethnic origin ... different ethnic origins. The answer of interest to the questioner is probably whether the person considers themselves to be a member of a particular ethnic subdivision of society, or are considered .... This raises the question of whether ethnic origin is just another term for ethnic group Citation ... Ethnic stub ... more details
globalize date December 2010 Ethnic nepotism describes a human tendency for in group bias or in group favouritism applied by nepotism for people with the same ethnicity . The theory Ethnic nepotism also ... of kin selection , ethnic nepotism describes a human tendency for in group bias or in group favouritism applied on the ethnic level. The term was coined by sociologist Pierre L. van den Berghe in response ... selection . In other words, ethnic nepotism points toward a biological basis for the phenomenon ... , proposed by many social scientists as a prominent ethnic marker, is in his view often not a myth at all ... review of Vanhanen Ethnic Conflicts , Johan M.G. van der Dennen, Human Ethology Bulletin, 15, 3, 2000 ... possible to defend ethnic genetic interests in an adaptive manner, even when the altruism entails ... a higher level of public altruism. For example, the degree of ethnic homogeneity correlates with the government ... of the United States, Africa and South East Asia find that multi ethnic societies are less charitable ... kin selection and ethnic nepotism by his genetic similarity theory which proposes that genetically similar ... carry copies of the same genes, ethnic consciousness is rooted in the biology of altruism and mutual reciprocity. Thus ethnic nationalism, xenophobia and genocide can become the dark side of altruism ... of genetic interest inclusive tness in their own ethnic group than they do in other ethnic ... Nations 20and 20Nationalism 2005.pdf Ethnic Nationalism, evolutionary psychology and Genetic Similarity Theory, Nations and Nationalism , Vol. 11, Oct. 2005. ref blockquote Ethnic ... likeness that supports ethnic nepotism is limited to external appearance, or it also includes other ... of ethnic nepotism. Hamiltonian kin selection in itself very controversial refers exclusively ... among very close kin, whereas ethnic nepotism would appear to depend heavily on social interactions ... and social carnivore species . ref name Dennen2000 Tatu Vanhanen in his 1999 book Ethnic Conflicts ... more details
Use mdy dates date October 2011 Ethnic studies is the interdisciplinary study of racialized peoples in the world ... studies , and orientalism were imbued with an inherently eurocentric perspective. Ethnic studies ... terms. History In the United States, the field of Ethnic studies evolved out of the American Civil ... Americans, and Native Americans in the United States American Indians . Ethnic studies departments ... for Ethnic studies occurred in 1968, led by Third World Liberation Front, a joint effort of the Afro ... of a School of Ethnic studies, when President S.I. Hayakawa ended the strike by taking a hardline approach, appointed Dr. James Hirabayashi the first dean of the School now College of Ethnic ... of color in response to the strike s demands. In 1972, The National Association for Ethnic studies ... a department of Ethnic studies in 1969. Courses in Ethnic studies tried to address the criticism ... and ignored because of Euro centric bias. Ethnic studies also often encompasses issues of gender ... number of comparative Ethnic studies programs. Ethnic studies as an institutional discipline varies by location. For instance, whereas the Ethnic studies Department at UC Berkeley comprises separate ... vnews display.v ART 2005 02 09 4209bd8f7f02c While early Ethnic studies scholarship focused on the previously ... to the Ethnic studies, whiteness studies has instead focused on how the political and juridical ..., what constitutes Ethnic studies work is fluid as scholars have taken up the study of race and ethnicity across almost all disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. In general, an Ethnic ... study of different groups. Criticism Ethnic studies has always been opposed by different elements. Proponents of Ethnic studies feel that this is a reactionary movement from the right. They point ... topics of academic research. What they object to is the current state of Ethnic studies which they see ... which, in their view, greatly undermined the scholarly validity of the research. However, Ethnic ... more details
Ethnic Electronica also known as Ethno Electronica or Ethno Techno combines elements of electronic music Electronic and World Music and was developed in the 1990s. The term Ethnic Electronica appears in music zines , in online music related forums and blogs, and also in a title of a 2003 compilation Another Life A Journey Into Ethnic Electronica Love Cat Music ref http www.mystrands.com album 274934 Another Life A Journey Into Ethnic Electronica by Various Artists ref . The term Ethno Techno was first seen with the release of Ethno Techno Sonic Anthropology Vol 1 Wax Trax in 1994 ref cite web title Various Ethnotechno Sonic Anthropology Vol. 1 url http www.discogs.com Various Ethnotechno Sonic Anthropology Volume I release 140428 publisher Discogs accessdate 8 March 2011 ref Notable acts of Ethnic Electronica include Bryn Jones with his project Muslimgauze before his death in 1999 , the artists of Asian underground movement Asian Dub Foundation , State of Bengal , Transglobal Underground , Natacha Atlas , Mozani Ramzan, Shpongle , Zavoloka , Banco de Gaia , Zingaia , Afro Celt Sound System , early work by Yat Kha with Ivan Sokolovsky ref in russian language http www.zvuki.ru R P 13188 , R.I.P. on zvuki.ru this article calls Yat Kha the first Russian ethnic electronica ref . Among the commercial acts which work with this subgenre Praise band Praise , Enigma musical project Enigma , Deep Forest , Ivan Kupala musical project Ivan Kupala , Agricantus musical project Agricantus . References references music genre stub Category Electronic music genres Category Contemporary folk subgenres es Etno electr nica it Etno elettronica ru sk Ethnic electronica uk ... more details
Multiple issues POV October 2009 expert subject November 2008 refimprove November 2008 An ethnic joke is a humorous remark relating to an ethnic, racial or cultural group, often referring to a ethnic stereotype stereotype of the group in question for its punchline. Ethnic jokes have been around since people first noticed they were different from one another, and ethnocentrism and a sense of ethnic identity appeared. Jokes feed upon difference and distinctions not only ethnic, of course and if one of the functions of ethnic jokes is to ridicule and depreciate these in out groups, another function is to maintain and strengthen a sense of one s identity in some in group. It may be that ethnic humour ...?id aZkRJJnc6BUC&pg PA57&dq Davies, Christie. Ethnic Humor&source gbs toc r&cad 0 0 PPA67,M1 title An Anatomy of Humor ref Ethnic jokes are often considered to be offensive and as a form of hate speech ... varies from one nation or society to the next, about who is considered a racial minority or ethnic group. Citation needed date May 2010 Ethnic jokes come and go with social change , particularly with waves ... Americans are one of the most economically successful ethnic groups in the US. In 2010, a documentary ... tolerant of the Irish. But in other cases the ethnic jokes are addressed against those who are historically ..., racial and ethnic jokes have become increasingly socially unacceptable in recent years, and have ... from diverse ethnic backgrounds do this on a regular basis, about whites, other groups and themselves ... id 9598717 title Science gets the last laugh on ethnic jokes publisher MSNBC ref However, it is claimed by some that ethnic jokes have a basis in fact, ref cite news url http news.bbc.co.uk 2 ... 07 accessdate 2009 01 22 ref and some ethnic jokes deliberately try to prove their point, for instance cquote2 Q How does every ethnic joke start? br A With a look over your shoulder. Racial targets Ethnicity Ethnic jokes are often aimed at minorities within certain regions, or peoples from neighbouring ... more details
Ethnic Japanese may mean Japanese people , when referring to people of Japanese descent ref name Britannica cite web url http p2.www.britannica.com ebc article 203169 title Japan people publisher Encyclop dia Britannica, Inc. accessdate 05 07 2007 year 2007 ref May also be used as a term to refer to the Yamato people as opposed to the minority peoples of Japan the Ainu people Ainu , Ryukyuan people Ryukyuans , Burakumin and immigrant groups such as the Han Chinese and Koreans . Japanese diaspora , when referring to people of Japanese descent not living in Japan ref Quote lack of political rights enjoyed by ethnic Japanese in Japan cite journal title Beyond the Illusion of Homogeneity Inward looking Japanese in the Age of Globalization last Ishii first Yuka journal Social Science Japan Journal year 2005 volume 8 issue 2 pages 267 271 doi 10.1093 ssjj jyi035 ref References reflist disambig ... more details
Ethnic option is a term coined by sociologist Mary C. Waters to express her conception that ethnic identity something that is flexible, symbolic and voluntary, not a definitive aspect of their identity, for the descendants of immigrants. ref Omi, Michael, Racial Identity and the State, in Adams, Maurianne, Readings for diversity and social justice, Routledge, 2000, p. 78. ref ref Kleg, Milton, Hate, Prejudice, and Racism, SUMY Press, 1993, p. 43 44. ref Waters argues that with the achievement of middle class suburban status, ethnicity becomes a lifestyle option, a costless form of community. ref Hickman, Mary J., Migration and Diaspora, in Joseph N. Cleary, Claire Connolly, The Cambridge companion to modern Irish culture, p. 131, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p. 131 ref References reflist Category Ethnicity ... more details
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